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tes, licuados, and capsulas: herbal self-care remedies of latino/hispanic immigrants for type 2 diabetes.the purpose of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to explore the characteristics of herbal remedy use for diabetes among latinos/hispanics with type 2 diabetes.201524030377
occurrence of anthracnose on fruits of asian pear tree caused by colletotrichum acutatum.anthracnose symptoms often occurred on fruits of asian pear trees grown in anseong, naju, seonghwan and pyeongtaek in korea during the harvesting period from 2000 to 2005. a total of 28 isolates of colletotrichum sp. were obtained from the anthracnose symptoms. all the isolates were identified as colletotrichum acutatum based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. four isolates of the fungus were tested for pathogenicity to fruits of asian pear tree by artificial inoculation. all t ...200724015105
olfacto-retinalis pathway in austrolebias charrua fishes: a neuronal tracer study.the olfacto-retinal centrifugal system, a constant component of the central nervous system that appears to exist in all vertebrate groups, is part of the terminal nerve (tn) complex. tn allows the integration of different sensory modalities, and its anatomic variability may have functional and evolutionary significance. we propose that the olfacto-retinal branch of tn is an important anatomical link that allows the functional interaction between olfactory and visual systems in austrolebias. by i ...201324012745
[vitamin c in fruits and vegetables].strong opinion about reducing vitamin c content in traditional cultivars of fruits and vegetables as a result of intensive farming practices, on the one hand, and depletion of soil, waste of fertilizers, on the other hand, takes place. the aim of the study was to assess changes in vitamin c content in fresh vegetables, fruits and berries from the 40s of last century to the present. available national and foreign data from official tables of the chemical composition tables published in different ...201324006751
propranolol as a treatment option in gorham-stout syndrome: a case report.gorham-stout syndrome is a very rare syndrome characterized by progressive angiomatosis and lymphangiomas involving multiple organs. we describe herein a girl with progressive gorham-stout syndrome since the age of 13 years. her disease involved the mediastinum, pericardium, vertebrae, ribs, and skull and did not respond to interferon and bisphosphonates. propranolol administration was initiated at the age of 18 years and was associated with improvement in pulmonary function tests and involution ...201424000203
global changes in dna methylation in seeds and seedlings of pyrus communis after seed desiccation and storage.the effects of storage and deep desiccation on structural changes of dna in orthodox seeds are poorly characterized. in this study we analyzed the 5-methylcytosine (m(5)c) global content of dna isolated from seeds of common pear (pyrus communis l.) that had been subjected to extreme desiccation, and the seedlings derived from these seeds. germination and seedling emergence tests were applied to determine seed viability after their desiccation. in parallel, analysis of the global content of m(5)c ...201323940629
alternative sigma factor rpon and its modulation protein yhbh are indispensable for erwinia amylovora virulence.in erwinia amylovora, ecf (extracytoplasmic functions) alternative sigma factor hrpl regulates the transcription of hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity)-type iii secretion system (t3ss) genes by binding to a consensus sequence known as the hrp box in hrp gene promoters. in turn, the expression of hrpl has been proposed to be positively controlled by alternative sigma factor 54 (σ(54)) (rpon) and hrps, a member of the σ(54) enhancer-binding proteins (ebps). however, the function of rpo ...201423937726
vanishing bone disease of the mandible - a case report.massive osteolysis (gorham-stout syndrome) is a rare condition of unknown etiology that is thought to result from a localized endothelial proliferation of lymphatic vessels resulting in destruction and absorption of bone. osteolysis of the jaws has been reported in association with infection, cysts, neoplasia, and metabolic, endocrine, or hematologic abnormalities. rare cases of idiopathic osteolysis have also been recorded. a detailed review from various peer reviewed journals has been discusse ...201323924511
quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of antifungal (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid using 7-phenyl derivatives.the relationship between antifungal activity against alternaria alternata and structure on the 7-phenyl group of (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid ((+)-dga) was clarified by employing 38 synthesized (+)-dga derivatives. the results were identified by quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) analysis employing the hansch-fujita method. some compounds showed higher activity than (+)-dga. the compound showing highest activity was 3,5-difluorophenyl derivative 37. it was suggested that the small ...201323924382
review of the biology, ecology, and management of halyomorpha halys (hemiptera: pentatomidae) in china, japan, and the republic of korea.native to china, japan, korea, and taiwan, the brown marmorated stink bug, halyomorpha halys (stål) (hemiptera: pentatomidae) was first detected in the united states in the mid-1990s. since establishing in the united states, this invasive species has caused significant economic losses in agriculture and created major nuisance problems for home and business owners, especially in the mid-atlantic region. basic and applied questions on h. halys have been addressed in its native range in asia since ...201323905725
cornelian cherry (cornus mas l.) juice as a potential source of biological compounds.cornelian cherry (cornus mas l.), apple (malus domestica borkh. cultivars jonagold and red boskoop), pear (pyrus communis cv. conference), and plum (prunus domestica l. cv. common plum) juices were assayed for their quality, organic acids, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity (determined as a ferric-reducing antioxidant power [frap]). cornelian cherry juice revealed the highest titratable acidity-2.58 g malic acid/100 g. the highest polyphenol content was also noted for cornelian cherry- ...201323905648
gorham-stout syndrome in mainland china: a case series of 67 patients and review of the literature.gorham-stout syndrome (gss) is a rare disorder of uncertain etiology and unpredictable prognosis. this study aims to present a comprehensive understanding of this rare entity.201323897792
consistent codling moth population decline by two years of mating disruption in apple: a flemish case study.codling moth (cydia pomonella) is one of the most important pests in apple and pear. in 2010 mating disruption became a key pest management tactic in flemish pip fruit orchards, largely due to a government subsidy and demonstrating projects aiming to widen the area treated by pheromones as large as possible. as a consequence, the mating disruption strategy was applied at approximately 7.500 ha, or half of the pip fruit area, in 2010 and 2011. the sudden large-scale implementation of this techniq ...201223885433
sex pheromone monitoring as a versatile tool for determining presence and abundance of cydia pomonella (lep.: tortricidae) in german apple orchards.cydia pomonella (lep.: tortricidae), the codling moth, is an apple, pear, quince and walnut pest with considerable impact on horticultural production systems in many parts of the world. in commercial apple production, it is responsible for a yearly damage level of 40 billion dollars. in response to the need of tight codling moth control there are several options for intervention by pest managers in commercially operated orchards. spray and count methods have been used for decades with success, b ...201223885432
individual and combined effects of postharvest dip treatments with water at 50 degrees c, soy lecithin and sodium carbonate on cold stored cactus pear fruits.objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prestorage dip treatments at 20 degrees c or 50 degrees c alone or with sodium carbonate (sc) and soy lecithin (lec), either individually or in combination, on weight losses, peel disorders, overall appearance and decay of cactus pears. fruits were subjected to a simulated mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) disinfestation by cold quarantine at 2 degrees c for 21 days followed by one week of shelf-life at 20 degrees c. hot water alone was very e ...201223878975
increased flavour diversity of chardonnay wines by spontaneous fermentation and co-fermentation with hanseniaspora vineae.discovery, characterisation and use of novel yeast strains for winemaking is increasingly regarded as a way for improving quality and to provide variation, including subtle characteristic differences in fine wines. the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of a native apiculate strain, selected from grapes, hanseniaspora vineae (h. vineae) 02/5a. fermentations were done in triplicate, working with 225 l oak barrels, using a chardonnay grape must. three yeast fermentation strategies were ...201323870989
gorham-stout syndrome affecting the temporal bone with cerebrospinal fluid leakage.gorham-stout syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by progressive osteolysis that leads to the disappearance of bone. lymphvascular proliferation causes the local destruction of bony tissue. owing to the low incidence of this syndrome, little is known about its etiology or treatment. we present an 11-year-old girl with gorham-stout syndrome that involved right petrous apex in temporal bone and upper clivus, which cause intracranial pressure increase and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) leakage. the ...201323827687
pa506, a conjugative plasmid of the plant epiphyte pseudomonas fluorescens a506.conjugative plasmids are known to facilitate the acquisition and dispersal of genes contributing to the fitness of pseudomonas spp. here, we report the characterization of pa506, the 57-kb conjugative plasmid of pseudomonas fluorescens a506, a plant epiphyte used in the united states for the biological control of fire blight disease of pear and apple. twenty-nine of the 67 open reading frames (orfs) of pa506 have putative functions in conjugation, including a type iv secretion system related to ...201323811504
simulium (asiosimulium) furvum, a new species of black fly (diptera: simuliidae) from thailand.simulium (asiosimulium) furvum sp. nov. (diptera: simuliidae) is described from female, male, pupal, and larval specimens collected from maewa national park, lampang province, thailand. this new species represents the fourth member of the subgenus asiosimulium takaoka & chochoote, one of two small black fly subgenera endemic in the oriental region. it is characterized by a pear-shaped spermatheca in the female; a ventral plate in the male with a laterally compressed median keel directed ventrall ...201323802443
taxonomic revision of the genus callimerus gorham s. l. (coleoptera, cleridae). part i. latifrons species-group.the latifrons species-group (=brachycallimerus sensu chapin 1924, corporaal 1950; = flavofasciatus-group sensu kolibáč 1998) of callimerus gorham is redefined and revised. five species are recognized including one new species callimerus cacuminis yang & yang sp. n. (type locality: yunnan, china). callimerus flavofasciatus schenkling, 1902 is newly synonymized with callimerus latifrons gorham, 1876. callimerus trifasciatus schenkling, 1899a is transferred to the genus corynommadius schenkling, 18 ...201323794870
evaluation of cytochrome p450 activity in field populations of cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae) resistant to azinphosmethyl, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid.the río negro and neuquén valley is the most important apple and pear growing region in argentina. cydia pomonella l. (lepidoptera: tortricidae), the main fruit-tree pest is being controlled by azinphosmethyl (azme), acetamiprid (acet), and thiacloprid (thia) among other insecticides. the objective of this study was to evaluate the response of neonate larvae of codling moth to these three insecticides and on the role of cytochrome p450 monooxygenase in their toxicity. all field populations prese ...201323786085
host susceptibility of citrus cultivars to queensland fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae).citrus crops are considered to be relatively poor hosts for queensland fruit fly, bactrocera tryoni (froggatt), as for other tephritid species. australian citrus growers and crop consultants have reported observable differences in susceptibility of different citrus cultivars under commercial growing conditions. in this study we conducted laboratory tests and field surveys to determine susceptibility to b. tryoni of six citrus cultivars [(eureka lemon (citrus limon (l.) osbeck); navel and valenci ...201323786078
deep sequencing revealed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism and plasmid content of erwinia amylovora strains isolated in middle atlas, morocco.erwinia amylovora causes economic losses that affect pear and apple production in morocco. here, we report comparative genomics of four moroccan e. amylovora strains with the european strain cfbp1430 and north-american strain atcc49946. analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) revealed genetic homogeneity of moroccan's strains and their proximity to the european strain cfbp1430. moreover, the collected sequences allowed the assembly of a 65 kpb plasmid, which is highly similar to the p ...201323770248
intracuticular wax fixes and restricts strain in leaf and fruit cuticles.this paper investigates the effects of cuticular wax on the release of strain and on the tensile properties of enzymatically isolated cuticular membranes (cms) taken from leaves of agave (agave americana), bush lily (clivia miniata), holly (ilex aquifolium), and ivy (hedera helix) and from fruit of apple (malus × domestica), pear (pyrus communis), and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum). biaxial strain release was quantified as the decrease in cm disc area following wax extraction. stiffness, maxim ...201323750808
effect of available nutrients on yield and quality of pear fruit bartlett in kashmir valley india.pear is one of the most important commercial crops grown in the kashmir valley of india. a study was conducted during 2008 to find out the effect of available nutrients on yield and quality parameters of pear cultivar "bartlett" which revealed that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium exhibited significant and positive relationship with fruit length (0.882, 0.856, and 0.482 mm, respectively), diameter (0.869, 0.794 and 0.458 mm, respectively), weight (0.876, 0.825 and 0.439 g, respectively), volum ...201223741793
comparative ultrasonographic imaging of spleen and liver in healthy crossbred cows.the present study was undertaken to conduct a comparative ultrasonographic study of the normal bovine spleen and liver. this study was carried out in two phases using 3.5 mhz curvilinear transducer. in first phase of water bath study, bovine spleens and livers were obtained from 3 healthy cadavers and subjected to repeated ultrasonography to study the echotexture. the splenic parenchyma was isoechogenic with greater echogenicity as compared to the liver. water bath study provided a good learning ...201123738112
phylogenetic position and virulence apparatus of the pear flower necrosis pathogen erwinia piriflorinigrans cfbp 5888t as assessed by comparative genomics.erwinia piriflorinigrans is a necrotrophic pathogen of pear reported from spain that destroys flowers but does not progress further into the host. we sequenced the complete genome of the type strain cfbp 5888(t) clarifying its phylogenetic position within the genus erwinia, and indicating a position between its closest relative, the epiphyte erwinia tasmaniensis and other plant pathogenic erwinia spp. (i.e., the fire blight pathogen e. amylovora and the asian pear pathogen e. pyrifoliae). common ...201323726521
[polyvalence of bacteriophages isolated from fruit trees, affected by bacterial fire blight].phage populations appearing as a result of a pathogenic process caused by erwinia amylovora have been discovered and described. they accompany bacterial fire blight development in the process of quince, pear and apple trees vegetation in zakarpattya region of ukraine. phage isolates of the affected pear and quince include polyvalent virulent phages able to develop on bacterial strains associated with plants--e. amylovora. e. "horticola" and pantoea agglomerans. e. amylovora isolated from the pla ...201323720968
efficacy and putative mode of action of native and commercial antagonistic yeasts against postharvest pathogens of pear.putative mechanisms of action associated with the biocontrol capacity of four yeast strains (cryptoccocus albidus npcc 1248, pichia membranifaciens npcc 1250, cryptoccocus victoriae npcc 1263 and npcc 1259) against penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea were studied by means of in vitro and in situ assays. c. albidus(yp), a commercial yeast was also evaluated for comparative purposes. the yeast strains exhibited a variety of different mechanisms including: wound colonization, germination inhi ...201323680800
effect of pyrimethanil on cryptococcus laurentii, rhodosporidium paludigenum, and rhodotorula glutinis biocontrol of penicillium expansum infection in pear fruit.the effect of biocontrol yeasts and pyrimethanil at low concentration on inhibition of blue mold rot caused by penicillium expansum in pear fruit was investigated. pyrimethanil at low concentration (40μg/ml) alone had little inhibitory activity against the p. expansum infection in pear fruit wounds although it was effective in inhibiting the survival of p. expansum on asp-agar medium. pyrimethanil at this low concentration significantly enhanced the efficacy of cryptococcus laurentii at 1×10(7)c ...201323673061
diversity of apple mosaic virus isolates in india based on coat protein and movement protein genes.apple mosaic virus (apmv), an ilarvirus is one of the most common pathogens of apple worldwide. during field surveys in commercial plantations of himachal pradesh and jammu & kashmir, observations of bright chlorotic mosaic like symptoms on apple trees indicated probable infection by the virus, which was later detected by double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa). an incidence of 24 and 28% (based on elisa) was obtained as 6/25 and 15/53 samples from hp and j&k were ...201123637501
characterisation of the stbd/e toxin-antitoxin system of pep36, a plasmid of the plant pathogen erwinia pyrifoliae.pep36 is a plasmid ubiquitously present in erwinia pyrifoliae, a pathogen which causes black stem blight of asian pear. pep36 is highly stable in its host, even in the absence of selective pressure. the plasmid is closely related to pea29, which is widespread in e. amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight of apple and pear trees. here we report that pep36 possesses a functional hybrid toxin-antitoxin module, stbd/e(pep36), with the toxin showing homology to the rele/pare proteins and the an ...201323632277
the methylation of the pcmyb10 promoter is associated with green-skinned sport in max red bartlett pear.varieties of the european pear (pyrus communis) can produce trees with both red- and green-skinned fruits, such as the max red bartlett (mrb) variety, although little is known about the mechanism behind this differential pigmentation. in this study, we investigated the pigmentation of mrb and its green-skinned sport (mrb-g). the results suggest that a reduction in anthocyanin concentration causes the mrb-g sport. transcript levels of pcufgt (for udp-glucose:flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase), th ...201323629835
effect of a peat humic acid on morphogenesis in leaf explants of pyrus communis and cydonia oblonga . metabolomic analysis at an early stage of regeneration.plant regeneration is a critical step in most in vitro breeding techniques. this paper studies the effects of a low-molecular-weight humic acid (ha) on morphogenesis from pear and quince leaf explants. variable ha amounts [0 (control), 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg c l(-1)] were added to the regeneration media. a dose-response effect was observed in pear for root and shoot production; it was improved at ha 1 mg c l(-1) and considerably reduced at the highest amounts. ha was, instead, ineffective in quince ...201323627499
[the importance of genus alternaria in mycotoxins production and human diseases].alternaría is a cosmopolitan fungal genus that includes saprophytic, endophytic and pathogenic species, widely distributed in soil and organic matter in decomposition. plant pathogenic species affect cereals, vegetables and fruit crops in the field and during storage. alternaría spp. contamination is responsible for some of the world's most devastating plant diseases, causing serious reduction of crop yields and considerable economic losses. alternaría species produce more than 70 secondary meta ...201223588425
erwinia amylovora affects the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid pathway in mature leaves of pyrus communis cv. conférence.flavonoids, which are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid pathway, not only contribute to fruit colour and photoprotection, they also may provide antimicrobial and structural components during interaction with micro-organisms. a possible response of this pathway was assessed in both mature and immature leaves of shoots of 2-year-old pear trees cv. conférence, which were inoculated with the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora strain sgb 225/12, were mock-inoculated or were left unt ...201323582642
the fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene-an overview.the process of fruit ripening is normally viewed distinctly in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. but, many fruits such as guava, melon, japanese plum, asian pear and pepper show climacteric as well as non-climacteric behaviour depending on the cultivar or genotype. investigations on in planta levels of co2 and ethylene at various stages of fruits during ripening supported the role and involvement of changes in the rate of respiration and ethylene production in non-climacteric fruits such a ...201123572821
molecular analyses of erwinia amylovora strains isolated in russia, poland, slovenia and austria describing further spread of fire blight in europe.fire blight, a bacteriosis of apple and pear, was assayed with molecular tools to associate its origin in russia, slovenia and south-eastern austria with neighboring countries. the identification of all investigated strains was confirmed by maldi-tof mass spectroscopy except one. independent isolation was verified by the level of amylovoran synthesis and by the number of short sequence dna repeats in plasmid pea29. dna of gently lysed e. amylovora strains from russia, slovenia, austria, hungary, ...201323570971
apple volatiles synergize the response of codling moth to pear ester.codling moth, cydia pomonella l. (lepidoptera: tortricidae), is a major cosmopolitan pest of apple and other pome fruits. ethyl (e,z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) has been identified as a host-derived kairomone for female and male codling moths. however, pear ester has not performed similarly in different fruit production areas in terms of the relative magnitude of moth catch, especially the proportion of females caught. our work was undertaken to identify host volatiles from apples, and to inv ...201323564293
[enigmatic lymphatic diseases involving the lung].lymphedema associated with other developmental malformations (milroy syndrome, hennekam syndrome, noonan syndrome, gorham-stout syndrome, yellow nail syndrome) are unfrequent disease, but explorations led to the identification of genetic mutations that have then been validated in mouse models. however, lymphatic vessels complexity and its proximity with the venous system suggest the need for further researches, especially in the comprehension of pulmonary symptoms.201323561737
pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae uses proteasome inhibitor syringolin a to colonize from wound infection sites.infection of plants by bacterial leaf pathogens at wound sites is common in nature. plants defend wound sites to prevent pathogen invasion, but several pathogens can overcome spatial restriction and enter leaf tissues. the molecular mechanisms used by pathogens to suppress containment at wound infection sites are poorly understood. here, we studied pseudomonas syringae strains causing brown spot on bean and blossom blight on pear. these strains exist as epiphytes that can cause disease upon woun ...201323555272
gorham syndrome with postoperative respiratory failure and requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation.gorham syndrome is a rare disease that presents as progressive osteolysis, and may affect any part of the skeleton. the pathologic process involves the replacement of normal bone by aggressively expanding but non-neoplastic vascular tissue, resulting in massive osteolysis of the adjacent bone. if the spine and ribs are affected, the subsequent kyphosis and chest wall deformity may cause severe restrictive ventilatory impairment. we report a 34-year-old male with gorham syndrome presenting as pro ...201323550170
estimated daily flavonoid and stilbene intake from fruits, vegetables, and nuts and associations with lipid profiles in chinese adults.the scientific evidence for the association of daily flavonoid and stilbene intakes with cardiovascular risk factors in chinese adults has not been reported previously.201323522824
comparative genomics of japanese erwinia pyrifoliae strain ejp617 with closely related erwinias.japanese erwinia pyrifoliae strains cause bacterial shoot blight of pear (bsbp) in japan. the genetics of japanese erwinia remains largely unknown relative to the abundant genomic information available for other erwinia strains. we compared the genome of japanese and korean e. pyrifoliae strains along with those of e. amylovora and e. tasmaniensis. comparisons with the korean e. pyrifoliae strain revealed numerous gene insertions/deletions, rearrangements, and inversions in the central regions o ...201223517317
cyclic di-gmp modulates the disease progression of erwinia amylovora.the second messenger cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) is a nearly ubiquitous intracellular signal molecule known to regulate various cellular processes, including biofilm formation, motility, and virulence. the intracellular concentration of c-di-gmp is inversely governed by diguanylate cyclase (dgc) enzymes and phosphodiesterase (pde) enzymes, which synthesize and degrade c-di-gmp, respectively. the role of c-di-gmp in the plant pathogen and causal agent of fire blight disease erwinia amylovora has not ...201323475975
beware the batus cactus--cactus dermatitis in exercising soldiers on the albertan prairie.species of the opuntia or prickly pear genus of cacti are endemic to the british army training unit suffield (batus) training area in alberta, canada. they are known to provoke a dermatitis reaction in harvesters of the cacti fruit. it's spines are frequently an uncomfortable nuisance to unwary soldiers exercising in batus. we report two cases of particularly debilitating adverse skin reactions to the cacti spines that occurred during the 2010 exercise prairie thunder season.201223472572
gorham disease of the craniocervical junction: x-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings.gorham disease of massive osteolysis is a spontaneous, idiopathic, and progressive form of primary osteolysis. it has no age, sex, or race predilection, and patients are mostly asymptomatic until severe deformity or pathological fracture becomes evident.201323462515
ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen of the goat. ii. liver, spleen, urinary tract and greater omentum.this review article describes the ultrasonographic findings of the liver, spleen, urinary tract and greater omentum that were previously obtained in studies of healthy female saanen goats. real-time b-mode ultrasonography and a linear or convex 5.0 to 7.5 mhz transducer are used to scan standing goats from both sides. the urinary bladder and urethra are also examined transrectally. the liver is scanned from the intercostal spaces (icss) on the right from dorsal to ventral. the parenchymal patter ...201323454504
comparison of activated carbon and oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with bis(3-nitrobenzylidene)-1,2-ethanediamine for enrichment of trace amounts of some metal ions.the efficiency of modified activated carbon (ac) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) for the separation/preconcentration and determination of co, cd, pb, zn, and cu following their complexation by bis(3-nitrobenzylidene)-1,2-ethanediamine has been described and compared. a one-at-a-time optimization method investigated the influence of various parameters that significantly influence the recoveries of the studied metal ions. at the optimum values of all variables, the response was linear ov ...201223451396
insecticide toxicity to oriental fruit fly bactrocera dorsalis (diptera: tephritidae) is influenced by environmental factors.in this study, we investigated the effects of environmental factors (temperature, dose, dietary source, and feeding density) on the insecticide tolerance of bactrocera dorsalis (hendel) (diptera: tephritidae). the results indicated that the toxicities of trichlorphon and abamectin to b. dorsalis increased with an increase in temperature. at 15-35 degrees c, the toxicity of beta-cypermethrin decreased with an increase in temperature at low doses (0.82 and 1.86 mg/l), but was similar at a high dos ...201323448051
season-long volatile emissions from peach and pear trees in situ, overlapping profiles, and olfactory attraction of an oligophagous fruit moth in the laboratory.insect herbivores that have more than one generation per year and reproduce on different host plants are confronted with substantial seasonal variation in the volatile blends emitted by their hosts. one way to deal with such variation is to respond to a specific set of compounds common to all host plants. the oriental fruit moth cydia (=grapholita) molesta is a highly damaging invasive pest. the stone fruit peach (prunus persica) is its primary host, whereas pome fruits such as pear (pyrus commu ...201323440443
predicting the emergence of the codling moth, cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae), on a degree-day scale in north america.codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae), is a major pest of apple, pear and walnut production in north america. management programs are based on preventing larval entry into the fruit or nut and are typically timed by heat-driven models that are synchronized to field populations by first capture of overwintering moths in pheromone traps. unfortunately, trap capture is affected by a range of environmental parameters as well as by the use of mating disruption, which makes det ...201323424021
mutational analysis of a predicted double β-propeller domain of the dspa/e effector of erwinia amylovora.the bacterium erwinia amylovora causes fire blight, an invasive disease that threatens apple trees, pear trees and other plants of the rosaceae family. erwinia amylovora pathogenicity relies on a type iii secretion system and on a single effector dspa/e. this effector belongs to the widespread avre family of effectors whose biological function is unknown. in this manuscript, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of dspa/e- and avre-related effectors. motif search identified nuclear localization ...201323421848
gorham disease of the proximal femur: a case report and review of published reports. 201323420753
graphene grafted silica-coated fe3o4 nanocomposite as absorbent for enrichment of carbamates from cucumbers and pears prior to hplc.in this paper, a novel graphene (g) grafted silica-coated fe3o4 nanocomposite was fabricated by the chemical bonding of g onto the surface of silica-coated fe3 o4 nanoparticles. some carbamates (metolcarb, carbaryl, pirimicarb, and diethofencarb) in cucumber and pear samples were enriched by this nanocomposite prior to their determination by hplc with uv detection. experimental parameters that may affect the extraction efficiency were investigated. under the optimum conditions, a linear response ...201323404952
distribution of transglutaminase in pear pollen tubes in relation to cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics.transglutaminases (tgases) are ubiquitous enzymes that take part in a variety of cellular functions. in the pollen tube, cytoplasmic tgases are likely to be involved in the incorporation of primary amines at selected peptide-bound glutamine residues of cytosolic proteins (including actin and tubulin), while cell wall-associated tgases are believed to regulate pollen tube growth. using immunological probes, we identified tgases associated with different subcellular compartments (cytosol, membrane ...201323396835
global small rna chaperone hfq and regulatory small rnas are important virulence regulators in erwinia amylovora.hfq is a global small rna (srna) chaperone that interacts with hfq-regulated srnas and functions in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. in this work, we identified hfq to be a virulence regulator in the gram-negative fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. deletion of hfq in e. amylovora ea1189 significantly reduced bacterial virulence in both immature pear fruits and apple shoots. analysis of virulence determinants in strain ea1189δhfq showed that hfq exerts pleiotropic regul ...201323378513
unspecific, idiopathic isolated osteolysis (gorham-stout syndrome) of the mandibular condylar process with its radiological, histological and clinical features: a case report and review of literature.the unspecific, idiopathic isolated osteolysis is a rare condition in the various known osteopathies and better known as gorham-stout syndrome (gorham's disease, gd). it belongs to the primary idiopathic osteolysis, and its aetiology is poorly understood. many different localisations have been described, but there are only 48 cases affecting the maxillofacial region until now.201423378037
gorham-stout disease and generalized lymphatic anomaly--clinical, radiologic, and histologic differentiation.gorham-stout disease (gsd) is a rare vascular disorder of lymphatic origin characterized by progressive osteolysis. generalized lymphatic anomaly (gla) is a multisystem disorder that also commonly affects bone. we hypothesized that gorham-stout disease is different from other osseous lymphatic anomalies. we proposed to discriminate these entities by analyzing findings on skeletal imaging.201323371338
russeting in apple and pear: a plastic periderm replaces a stiff cuticle.russeting in apples (malus × domestica borkh.) and pears (pyrus communis l.) is a disorder of the fruit skin that results from microscopic cracks in the cuticle and the subsequent formation of a periderm. to better understand russeting, rheological properties of cuticular membranes (cm) and periderm membranes (pm) were studied from the russet-sensitive apple 'karmijn de sonnaville' and from 'conference' pear.201323350024
an attempt to increase efficacy of moth mating disruption by co-releasing pheromones with kairomones and to understand possible underlying mechanisms of this technique.pheromone-based mating disruption is used worldwide for management of the internal fruit feeding codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.). there has been recent interest in the potential of improving mating disruption of c. pomonella, and potentially other insect species in general, by broadcasting combinations of pheromone and attractive host-plant kairomones. given that such kairomones are attractive by themselves (often to both sexes), and also enhance male moth response to their pheromone, it is p ...201323339797
syndromes associated with vascular tumors and malformations: a pictorial review.use of the international society for the study of vascular anomalies (issva) classification system has been strongly recommended in recent years because of the need for separate therapeutic measures for patients with vascular tumors and malformations. in the issva classification system, vascular tumors, which are neoplastic, are distinguished from vascular malformations, which are caused by vascular structural anomalies and are not neoplastic, on the basis of the presence or absence of neoplasti ...201323322836
terrestrial vegetation and aquatic chemistry influence larval mosquito abundance in catch basins, chicago, usa.an important determinant of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission is the spatial distribution of vectors. the primary vectors of west nile virus (wnv) in illinois are culex pipiens linnaeus (diptera: culicidae) and culex restuans theobald. in urban environments, these mosquitoes commonly oviposit in roadside storm water catch basins. however, use of this habitat is inconsistent, with abundance of larvae varying significantly across catch basins at a fine spatial scale.201323311394
single-strand conformation polymorphism for molecular variability studies of six viroid species.molecular diversity within six viroid species and different molecular variants, in each species infecting fruit trees was first estimated by the single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) technique and then by direct sequencing analysis. the different variants studied are to three australian grapevine viroids(agvd), four citrus dwarfing viroids (cdvd), eleven grapevine yellow speckle viroids type-1 (gysvd-1), four hop stunt viroids (hsvd), seven peach latent mosaic viroids (plmvd), and eight ...201323291763
appressorium-localized nadph oxidase b is essential for aggressiveness and pathogenicity in the host-specific, toxin-producing fungus alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype.black spot disease, alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype, produces the host-specific toxin ak-toxin, an important pathogenicity factor. previously, we have found that hydrogen peroxide is produced in the hyphal cell wall at the plant-pathogen interaction site, suggesting that the fungal reactive oxygen species (ros) generation machinery is important for pathogenicity. in this study, we identified two nadph oxidase (noxa and noxb) genes and produced nox disruption mutants. δnoxa and δnoxb ...201223279187
erwinia amylovora loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for rapid pathogen detection and on-site diagnosis of fire blight.several molecular methods have been developed for the detection of erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in pear and apple, but none are truly applicable for on-site use in the field. we developed a fast, reliable and field applicable detection method using a novel target on the e. amylovora chromosome that we identified by applying a comparative genomic pipeline. the target coding sequences (cdss) are both uniquely specific for and all-inclusive of e. amylovora genotypes. this avoi ...201323275135
burdock fructooligosaccharide induces fungal resistance in postharvest kyoho grapes by activating the salicylic acid-dependent pathway and inhibiting browning.burdock fructooligosaccharide (bfo) is a natural elicitor from arcitum lappa. the effects of bfo in controlling postharvest disease in grape, apple, banana, kiwi, citrus, strawberry, and pear were investigated. the disease index, decay percentage, and area under the disease progress curve indicated that bfo has general control effects on postharvest disease of fruits. kyoho grapes were studied to elucidate the mechanism of bfo in boosting the resistance of grapes to botrytis cinerea infection. b ...201223265522
gorham-stout syndrome affecting the left mandible: a case report.gorham-stout syndrome is an extremely rare condition in which spontaneous, progressive resorption of bone occurs. owing to its low incidence and variable clinical presentation, the diagnosis is often missed or delayed, and at present, there are no specific guidelines for its treatment. we present the case of a 20-year-old male diagnosed with gorham-stout syndrome with involvement of the left mandible, and discuss its diagnostic and therapeutic features.201323251259
yeasts and yeast-like organisms associated with fruits and blossoms of different fruit trees.yeasts are common inhabitants of the phyllosphere, but our knowledge of their diversity in various plant organs is still limited. this study focused on the diversity of yeasts and yeast-like organisms associated with matured fruits and fully open blossoms of apple, plum, and pear trees, during 2 consecutive years at 3 localities in southwest slovakia. the occurrence of yeasts and yeast-like organisms in fruit samples was 2½ times higher and the yeast community more diverse than that in blossom s ...201223210991
divisional morphogenesis in bakuella pampinaria nov. spec, and reevaluation of the classification of the urostylids (ciliophora, hypotrichida).a new hypotrichous ciliare, bakuella pampinaria nov. spec, colonizing vineleaf and pear-tree litter, is described. bakuella pampinaria differs from the other species of the genus by having distinct rows of yellowish cortical granules. several morphogenetic differences separate bakuella pampinaria from bakuella edaphoni and other congeners, especially in that the transverse cirri do not participate in the formation of the oral primordium. the type population of pseudourostyla cristata was reinves ...201123195347
identification and thermal stability of purple-fleshed sweet potato anthocyanins in aqueous solutions with various ph values and fruit juices.thirteen anthocyanins were identified in the purple-fleshed sweet potato cultivar jihei no. 1. the main anthocyanins were 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside derivatives from cyanidin and peonidin, acylated with p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, or caffeic acid. a unique anthocyanin, delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside was also found. the thermal stability of purple-fleshed sweet potato anthocyanins (pspas) followed a first-order kinetics model. aqueous solutions with various ph (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) and fruit j ...201323194545
spotlight on the safety net. a community collaboration. lucille w gorham intergenerational community center (igcc). 201223189440
gorham-stout syndrome presenting in a 5-year-old girl with a successful bisphosphonate therapeutic effect.gorham-stout syndrome (gss), also known as gorham-stout disease, massive osteolysis, disappearing bone disease or phantom bone, is a rare disorder of the musculo-skeletal system. it most commonly involves the skull, shoulder and pelvic girdle. histological examination reveals a progressive osteolysis always associated with an angiomatosis of blood vessels and sometimes of lymphatics, which seemingly is responsible for the destruction of the bone. it is extremely rare that gorham-stout syndrome i ...201223181116
micropropagation of pear (pyrus sp.).elements of micropropagation include establishment of shoot tip cultures, proliferation, rooting, and acclimatization of the resulting plantlets. the wide genetic variation in pyrus makes micropropagation challenging for many genotypes. initiation of shoots is most successful from forced dormant shoots or from scions grafted onto seedling rootstocks to impose juvenility. clean shoots are recovered after testing for contaminants at the initiation stage on ½ strength murashige and skoog 1962 mediu ...201323179686
[isolation and characterization of thermopirellula anaerolimosa gen. nov., sp. nov., an obligate anaerobic hydrogen-producing bacterium of the phylum planctomycetes].to cultivate various yet-to-be cultured heterotrophs from anaerobic granule sludge, we used a selective culture medium with low concentrations of substrates supplemented a variety of antibiotics.201223173436
broad-spectrum antifungal-producing lactic acid bacteria and their application in fruit models.a large-scale screen of some 7,000 presumptive lactic acid bacteria (lab), isolated from animal, human, or plant origin, identified 1,149 isolates with inhibitory activity against the food-spoilage mould penicillium expansum. in excess of 500 lab isolates were subsequently identified to produce a broad spectrum of activity against p. expansum, penicillium digitatum, penicillium notatum, penicillium roqueforti, rhizopus stolonifer, fusarium culmorum, aspergillus fumigatus and rhodotorula mucilagi ...201323160868
gorham-stout syndrome of the facial bones: a review of pathogenesis and treatment modalities and report of a case with a rare cutaneous manifestations.gorham disease is a very rare condition associated with spontaneous destruction and resorption of 1 or more bones anywhere in the body. many authors have suggested and/or implicated trauma as the initiating factor in the majority of the reported cases. it can affect almost all bones, and a combination of bones has been reported. in the maxillofacial skeleton, the first facial case was reported by romer in 1928. until now, only a few cases of gorham disease affecting the maxillofacial bones, incl ...201223159123
[gorham-stout syndrome--a pediatric clinical case]. 201223149645
development of cultivar-specific dna markers based on retrotransposon-based insertional polymorphism in japanese pear.we developed retrotransposon-based insertional polymorphism (rbip) markers based on the long terminal repeat (ltr) sequences of copia-like retrotransposon ppcrt4 and flanking genome sequences, which were derived from 454 sequencing data from japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia) 'hosui'. out of 40 sequences including both ltr and flanking genome regions, we developed 22 rbip markers and used them for dna profiling of 80 pear cultivars: 64 japanese, 10 chinese (pyrus ussuriensis) and 6 european (pyrus ...201223136514
preservation of pears in water in the presence of sinapis arvensis seeds: a greek tradition.in this research, the microbiological and physicochemical changes during preservation of pears in water in the presence of sinapis arvensis seeds (pws fl) according to the traditional greek home food manufacture were studied. pears preserved in water served as control (pw fl). the growth of lactic acid bacteria (lab) coming from the pear surface was enhanced in the presence of sinapis seeds, while enterobacteriaceae and gram-negative bacteria declined coincidently with the lower (p<0.05) ph of t ...201223107505
solution structure of subunit γ (γ(1-204)) of the mycobacterium tuberculosis f-atp synthase and the unique loop of γ(165-178), representing a novel tb drug target.tuberculosis, caused by the strain mycobacterium tuberculosis, is in focus of interest due to the emergence of multi- and extensive drug-resistant tb strains. the f(1)f(o) atp synthase is one of the essential enzymes in energy requirement of both proliferating aerobic and hypoxic dormant stage of mycobacterium life cycle, and therefore a potential tb drug target. subunit γ of f-atp synthases plays an important role in coupling and catalysis via conformational transitions of its n- and c-termini ...201323104121
characterization of glucansucrase and dextran from weissella sp. tn610 with potential as safe food additives.pear-derived weissella sp. tn610 produced extracellular glycosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of soluble exopolysaccharide from sucrose. acid and dextranase-catalyzed hydrolysis revealed that the synthesized polymer was a glucan. according to (1)h and (13)c nmr analysis, the glucan produced by tn610 was a linear dextran made of 96% α-(1→6) and 4% α-(1→3) linkages. zymogram analysis confirmed the presence of a unique glucansucrase of approximately 180 kda in the cell-free sup ...201323046923
differential expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and transcription factor pcmyb10 in pears (pyrus communis l.).anthocyanin biosynthesis in various plants is affected by environmental conditions and controlled by the transcription level of the corresponding genes. in pears (pyrus communis cv. 'wujiuxiang'), anthocyanin biosynthesis is significantly induced during low temperature storage compared with that at room temperature. we further examined the transcriptional levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in 'wujiuxiang' pears during developmental ripening and temperature-induced storage. the expression o ...201223029391
amyr is a novel negative regulator of amylovoran production in erwinia amylovora.in this study, we attempted to understand the role of an orphan gene amyr in erwinia amylovora, a functionally conserved ortholog of ybjn in escherichia coli, which has recently been characterized. amylovoran, a high molecular weight acidic heteropolymer exopolysaccharide, is a virulent factor of e. amylovora. as reported earlier, amylovoran production in an amyr knockout mutant was about eight-fold higher than that in the wild type (wt) strain of e. amylovora. when a multicopy plasmid containin ...201223028751
theileriosis in a reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) associated with a potentially novel theileria sp.a 5-year-old male neutered reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) from missouri was presented with a 3-week history of anorexia, respiratory distress, lethargy, and weight loss. blood smear review revealed that a small percentage of rbcs contained small (1-2 μm in length) pleomorphic piroplasms (signet ring, rod- or pear-shaped, and elongate forms) with an eccentric magenta nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm. nested pcr to specifically amplify a portion of the piroplasm small subunit ribosomal rna ...201223025520
constituents of twig bark of pear cultivars (pyrus species).organic solvent extracts from fresh twig bark of japanese pear cultivars (pyrus serotina) shinko and nijisseiki, and european pear cultivar (p. communis) le lectier were obtained by maceration with n-hexane and etoac, and analyzed in gc-eims experiments. in these two japanese cultivars, the lupeol, betulin, epifriedelinol, friedelin and arbutin contents of nijisseiki were higher than those of shinko. in the case of the lupane-type triterpenes, lupeol and betulin, the lupeol content of japanese p ...201222978211
report of a rare case of gorham-stout disease of both shoulders: bisphosphonate treatment and shoulder replacement.massive osteolysis known as gorham-stout disease is a rare idiopathic disorder typically affecting long bones in a unifocal pattern. angiomatosis is strongly connected to the osteolysis. weather angiomatosis is the cause or the result of osteolysis is subject of intense discussion (kawasaki et al. (2003), möller et al. (1999), radhakrishnan and rockson (2008)). there are about 200 cases described since 1955. our patient is a 77-year-old female patient with osteolyses of both shoulders involving ...201122937447
gorham-stout disease as a complication of posterior shoulder capsulorrhaphy. 201222889527
successful management of intractable chylothorax in gorham-stout disease by awake thoracoscopic surgery.gorham-stout is an extremely rare disease, which is characterized by proliferation of vascular and lymphatic bone structures. a 15-year-old male patient was the diagnosis of gorham-stout disease of the cervical spine with chylothorax. awake thoracoscopic ablation was performed using bronchoscopic tools and awake thoracoscopic debridement of the thoracoscopic cavities and chemical pleurodesis with ok-432 were repeated. the amount of drained liquid was controlled. there was no recurrence of pleura ...201322865280
erwinia amylovora crispr elements provide new tools for evaluating strain diversity and for microbial source tracking.clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crisprs) comprise a family of short dna repeat sequences that are separated by non repetitive spacer sequences and, in combination with a suite of cas proteins, are thought to function as an adaptive immune system against invading dna. the number of crispr arrays in a bacterial chromosome is variable, and the content of each array can differ in both repeat number and in the presence or absence of specific spacers. we utilized a comparati ...201222860008
invasive lymphatic malformation (gorham-stout) of the pelvis with prominent skin involvement.gorham-stout syndrome is a rare disease characterized by progressive osteolysis leading to disappearance of the bone. vascular proliferations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. the case of a 7-year-old girl with a prominent invasive lymphatic malformation on the lumbosacral area and massive osteolysis of the pelvic girdle is reported.201622823281
effects of prickly pear dried leaves, artichoke leaves, turmeric and garlic extracts, and their combinations on preventing dyslipidemia in rats.the successful use of herbal combinations in managing diseases or conditions over a single herb has lead us to evaluate the anti-dyslipidemic properties of the combination of the artichoke leaves extract, turmeric extract, prickly pear dried leaves (ppl) and garlic extract versus each one alone in two different hyperlipidemic animal models. a two-week treatment of each of the natural extracts, combination 1 (artichoke, turmeric and ppl) or combination 2 (artichoke, turmeric, ppl and garlic) prio ...201222811929
adding microencapsulated pear ester to insecticides for control of cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in apple.the possibility of improving the efficacy of various insecticides for codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), by the addition of a microencapsulated formulation of pear ester, ethyl (2e, 4z)-2,4-decadienoate (pe-mec, 5% ai), was evaluated in field trials in apple from 2005 to 2009.201322807277
trans-epithelial transport of the betalain pigments indicaxanthin and betanin across caco-2 cell monolayers and influence of food matrix.this study investigated the absorption mechanism of the phytochemicals indicaxanthin and betanin and the influence of their food matrix (cactus pear and red beet) on the intestinal transport.201322806766
gorham disease in the maxilla.gorham disease is a rare condition that is characterized by the proliferation of thin-walled vascular channels associated with regional osteolysis. the exact etiology of gorham disease is unknown. the diagnosis of gorham disease is based on clinical, radiological, and histological features after excluding osteolysis, which is secondary to other pathologic processes. those pathologic processes include congenital, metabolic, neoplastic, and immunologic etiologies and infections. the appearance of ...201222801155
growth characteristics and physiological functionality of yeasts in pear marc extracts.kluyveromyces fragilis kctc 7260 and saccharomyces cerevisiae kctc 7904, which both grew well in pear marc extract, were selected and their growth profiles and physiological functionalities were determined. both of the selected yeasts established maximal growth by 20 hr of cultivation at 30℃ in pear marc extract. the cell-free extracts showed high antihypertensive angiotensin i-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of 68.9% and 52.1%, respectively. the extracts also displayed 9.2 u/ml and 12.0 u ...201122783099
draft genome sequence of pseudomonas syringae pathovar syringae strain ff5, causal agent of stem tip dieback disease on ornamental pear.pseudomonas syringae ff5 causes stem tip dieback disease on ornamental pear (pyrus calleryana). its genome encodes a complete type iii secretion system (t3ss) and hopac1, hopm1, avre1, hopi1, hopaa1, hopj1, hopah2, hopah1, hopag1, and hopaz1. lacking detectable homologues of other t3ss effectors, it may encode novel, undiscovered effectors.201222740663
chemical cues influence pupation behavior of drosophila simulans and drosophila buzzatii in nature and in the laboratory.in the wild, larvae of several species of drosophila develop in heterogeneous and rapidly changing environments sharing resources as food and space. in this scenario, sensory systems contribute to detect, localize and recognize congeners and heterospecifics, and provide information about the availability of food and chemical features of environments where animals live. we investigated the behavior of d. simulans and d. buzzatii larvae to chemicals emitted by conspecific and heterospecific larvae ...201222737236
behavior of codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) neonate larvae on surfaces treated with microencapsulated pear ester.codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), larvae cause severe internal feeding damage to apples, pears, and walnuts worldwide. research has demonstrated that codling moth neonate first instar larvae are attracted to a pear-derived kairomone, ethyl (2e,4z)-2,4-decadienoate, the pear ester (pe). reported here are the behavioral activities of neonate codling moth larvae to microencapsulated pear ester (mec-pe) applied in aqueous solutions to both filter paper and apple leaf surfaces that were evaluated o ...201222732619
cloning, characterization and promoter analysis of s-rnase gene promoter from chinese pear (pyrus pyrifolia).the 5'-flanking region of the s(12)-, s(13)-, s(21)-rnase with a length of 854 bp, 1448 bp and 1137 bp were successfully isolated by tail-pcr from genomic dna from 'jinhua', 'maogong' (pyrus pyrifolia) and 'yali' (pyrus bretschneideri) genomic dna. sequence alignment and analysis of s(13)-, s(12)-, s(21)-rnase gene promoter sequences with s(2)-, s(3)-, s(4)-, s(5)-rnase 5'-flanking sequences indicated that a homology region of about 240 bp exists in the regions just upstream of the putative tata ...201222728119
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