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use of palivizumab and infection control measures to control an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus in a neonatal intensive care unit confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a potentially life-threatening infection in premature infants. we report an outbreak involving four infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of our hospital that occurred in february 2010. rsv a infection was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. palivizumab was administered to all infants in the nicu. there were no additional symptomatic cases and repeat rsv surveillance confirmed that there was no further cross-transmission within the ...201121330007
monitoring epidemic viral respiratory infections using one-step real-time triplex rt-pcr targeting influenza a and b viruses and respiratory syncytial virus.rapid and specific diagnosis of influenza a/b and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) viruses is needed for optimal management of patients with acute respiratory infections. in this study, a one-step triplex real-time rt-pcr assay was developed for rapid diagnosis of influenza a/b and rsv infections to optimize diagnosis efficiency of acute respiratory infections. cell-culture supernatants and clinical samples were used to evaluate specificity and sensitivity of the assay. the assay was used routi ...201121328385
the nonstructural protein pc6 of rice grassy stunt virus trans-complements the cell-to-cell spread of a movement-defective tomato mosaic virus.the nonstructural protein pc6 encoded by rice grassy stunt virus is thought to correspond functionally to the nonstructural protein pc4 of rice stripe virus, which can support viral cell-to-cell movement. in a trans-complementation experiment with a movement-defective tomato mosaic virus, pc6 and pc4 facilitated intercellular transport of the virus. transient expression of pc6, fused with green fluorescent protein, in epidermal cells was predominantly observed close to the cell wall as well as i ...201121327784
trends in chronologic age and infant respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization: an 8-year cohort study.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children and the leading cause of hospitalization in infants aged <1 year.201121327753
prevention of serious respiratory syncytial virus-related illness. i: disease pathogenesis and early attempts at prevention.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was first described 160 years ago but was not officially recognized as a cause of serious illness in children until the late 1950s. it has been estimated that virtually all children have had at least one rsv infection by their second birthday. rsv is responsible for annual disease outbreaks, usually during a defined winter seasonal period that can vary by community and year. rsv is recognized as the leading cause of hospitalization among young children worldwide ...201121318606
prevention of serious respiratory syncytial virus-related illness. ii: immunoprophylaxis.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes significant morbidity in very young children, preterm infants with and without chronic lung disease, and children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. in the absence of a safe and effective vaccine, alternative means of protecting high-risk infants and young children from serious rsv illness have been studied. clinical observations and animal model data over the past 30 years suggested that rsv immunoglobulin g (igg) neutralizing ant ...201121318605
respiratory syncytial virus testing during bronchiolitis episodes of care in an integrated health care delivery system: a retrospective cohort study.bronchiolitis has the highest incidence rate of any lower respiratory infection among infants and children <2 years of age. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common etiology of bronchiolitis. the american academy of pediatrics does not recommend routine rsv testing for infants and children with bronchiolitis. the clinical predictors of rsv testing are unknown. objectives: the aims of this study were to identify the rates and predictors of rsv testing during bronchiolitis and to explo ...201021316538
local innate and adaptive immune responses regulate inflammatory cell influx into the lungs after vaccination with formalin inactivated rsv.inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines tend to predispose for immune mediated enhanced disease, characterized by th2 responses and airway hypersensitivity reactions. we show in a c57bl/6 mouse model that the early innate response elicited by the challenge virus (rsv versus influenza virus) influences the outcome of the th1/th2 balance in the lung after intramuscular priming with inactivated vaccine. priming of cd4(+)/ifn-?(+) t cells by mature dendritic cells administered intrave ...201121316502
health care-acquired viral respiratory diseases.health care-associated viral respiratory infections, common among hospitalized children, also occur among adults and institutionalized persons and result in increased patient morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. approximately 20% of patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia have viral respiratory infections, with 70% of these infections caused by adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). these infections typically reflect the level of vi ...201121316002
exogenous administration of vascular endothelial growth factor prior to human respiratory syncytial virus a2 infection reduces pulmonary pathology in neonatal lambs and alters epithelial innate immune responses.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) affects thousands of children every year. vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is a regulator of vasculogenesis, pulmonary maturation, and immunity. in order to test the extent to which vegf may alter rsv infection, 4 groups of lambs received either human recombinant vegf (rhvegf) or phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) pretreatment followed by inoculation with human rsv strain a2 or sterile medium. lambs in each group were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 6 days p ...201121309731
soluble respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein in the fully cleaved, pretriggered state is triggered by exposure to low-molarity buffer.the paramyxovirus fusion (f) glycoprotein is anchored in the virion membrane in a metastable, pretriggered form. once triggered, the f protein undergoes a dramatic conformational extension that inserts its hydrophobic fusion peptide into the target cell membrane, then folds back on itself to bring the membranes together and initiate fusion. unlike most other paramyxoviruses, the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f protein alone is sufficient to mediate membrane fusion and virus infection. to stu ...201121307202
influenza and other respiratory viruses in three central american countries.despite the disease burden imposed by respiratory diseases on children in central america, there is a paucity of data describing the etiologic agents of the disease.201021306576
using the full spectral capacity (six channels) of a real-time pcr instrument can simplify diagnostic laboratory screening and typing protocols for pandemic h1n1 influenza.timely reporting of influenza a virus subtype affects patient management. real-time pcr is a rapid and sensitive method routinely used to characterise viral nucleic acid, but the full spectral capability of the instruments is not employed.201021306574
mortality attributable to pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 in san luis potosí, mexico.acute respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. starting in 2009, pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 virus has become one of the leading respiratory pathogens worldwide. however, the overall impact of this virus as a cause of mortality has not been clearly defined.201021306570
cost-effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in various indications.to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of immunoprophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections with palivizumab based on actual cost and observed incidence rates in various pediatric risk groups.201121300647
expression of defense genes and activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice resistance to rice stripe virus and small brown planthopper.the rice variety tai06-1 is resistant to rice stripe disease and xiushui63 is a highly susceptible rice variety to this disease. these two varieties were used to analyze the expression patterns of defense genes and antioxidant defense responses at the seedling stage, upon feeding with viruliferous small brown planthopper (sbph) and nonviruliferous sbph, respectively. the expression levels of cp (coat protein) gene of rice stripe virus (rsv) were higher upon feeding with viruliferous sbph in xius ...201121300551
twelve years' detection of respiratory viruses by immunofluorescence in hospitalised children: impact of the introduction of a new respiratory picornavirus assay.direct immunofluorescence assays (dfa) are a rapid and inexpensive method for the detection of respiratory viruses and may therefore be used for surveillance. few epidemiological studies have been published based solely on dfa and none included respiratory picornaviruses and human metapneumovirus (hmpv). we wished to evaluate the use of dfa for epidemiological studies with a long-term observation of respiratory viruses that includes both respiratory picornaviruses and hmpv.201121299840
respiratory infections by hmpv and rsv are clinically indistinguishable but induce different host response in aged individuals.human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus can cause severe respiratory diseases, especially in infants, young children, and the elderly. so far it remains unclear why infections in the elderly become life threatening despite the presence of neutralizing antibodies in the serum, and to which extent double infections worsen the clinical course.201121298115
primary human mdc1, mdc2, and pdc dendritic cells are differentially infected and activated by respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes recurrent infections throughout life. vaccine development may depend upon understanding the molecular basis for induction of ineffective immunity. because dendritic cells (dcs) are critically involved in early responses to infection, their interaction with rsv may determine the immunological outcome of rsv infection. therefore, we investigated the ability of rsv to infect and activate primary mdcs and pdcs using recombinant rsv expressing green fluorescen ...201121297989
the relationship between rsv bronchiolitis and recurrent wheeze: the chicken and the egg.respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is the most frequent cause of infant hospitalization. rsv bronchiolitis is often followed by recurrent episodes of wheeze. pathogenesis of rsv bronchiolitis as well as post-bronchiolitis wheeze are incompletely understood. the aim of this review is to provide a brief overview of our current understanding of the complex pathogenesis of rsv bronchiolitis and post-bronchiolitis wheeze. two non-exclusive hypotheses exist, which are paraphrased for this revie ...201121295416
incidence and predisposing factors for severe disease in previously healthy term infants experiencing their first episode of bronchiolitis.to determine the incidence and predisposing factors for severe bronchiolitis in previously healthy term infants <12 months of age experiencing their first episode of bronchiolitis.201121284715
palivizumab for immunoprophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in high-risk infants and young children: a systematic review and additional economic modelling of subgroup analyses.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a seasonal infectious disease, with epidemics occurring annually from october to march in the uk. it is a very common infection in infants and young children and can lead to hospitalisation, particularly in those who are premature or who have chronic lung disease (cld) or congenital heart disease (chd). palivizumab (synagis®, medimmune) is a monoclonal antibody designed to provide passive immunity against rsv and thereby prevent or reduce the severity of rsv ...201121281564
rapid testing for respiratory syncytial virus in a paediatric emergency department: benefits for infection control and bed management.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is responsible for annual winter outbreaks of respiratory tract infection among children in temperate climates, placing severe pressure on hospital beds. cohorting of affected infants has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy in reducing nosocomial transmission of rsv, and may keep cubicles free for other patients who require them. testing of symptomatic children for rsv is standard practice, but unfortunately traditional laboratory testing is not rapid ...201121277648
[clusters of respiratory tract infections and alert strategy in nursing homes].outbreaks of acute respiratory infections (ari) are common in institutions for elderly people. we had for objective to investigate clusters of cases (lower respiratory tract infection and influenza-like illness [lrti/ili]) in order to improve and validate alert strategies in these institutions.201121277131
the multicenter italian birth cohort study on incidence and determinants of lower respiratory tract infection hospitalization in infants at 33 weeks ga or more: preliminary results.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes respiratory infections during the first year of life. very premature infants have more severe diseases and also 'late preterm infants' may be more susceptible to the infection.201121277122
are late preterm infants as susceptible to rsv infection as full term infants?preterm infants are at increased risk of being rehospitalised during the first few months of life with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) that usually manifests as apnea and hypoxemia. this occurs more commonly in preterm infants < 33 weeks gestational age (ga), but recent studies demonstrate that late preterm infants (those born between 34 weeks and 0 days to 36 weeks and 6 days ga) are equally susceptible to rsv lrti as those with lower ga. factor ...201121276672
oncolytic targeting of androgen-sensitive prostate tumor by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv): consequences of deficient interferon-dependent antiviral defense.oncolytic virotherapy for cancer treatment utilizes viruses for selective infection and death of cancer cells without any adverse effect on normal cells. we previously reported that the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a novel oncolytic virus against androgen-independent pc-3 human prostate cancer cells. the present study extends the result to androgen-dependent prostate cancer, and explores the underlying mechanism that triggers rsv-induced oncolysis of prostate cancer cells.201121276246
special populations: do we need evidence from randomized controlled trials to support the need for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis?congenital abnormalities and impaired mechanisms that govern the normal coordinated physiology of breathing, sucking, swallowing and airway clearance, place infants with underlying medical disorders at high risk for respiratory morbidity following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection. the use of rsv prophylaxis in premature infants' = 35 weeks gestational age, infants with chronic lung and hemodynamically significant heart disease is firmly established through rand ...201121273012
differential cytopathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus prototypic and clinical isolates in primary pediatric bronchial epithelial cells.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory disease in infants. airway epithelial cells are the principle targets of rsv infection. however, the mechanisms by which it causes disease are poorly understood. most rsv pathogenesis data are derived using laboratory-adapted prototypic strains. we hypothesized that such strains may be poorly representative of recent clinical isolates in terms of virus/host interactions in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (pbecs).201121272337
[frequency of respiratory viruses and clinical characteristics in children attending a care center in mexico city].to describe the frequency of respiratory viruses and clinical characteristics in children with respiratory signs and symptoms in a tertiary care center in mexico.201021271012
simultaneous detection of influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial viruses and subtyping of influenza a h3n2 virus and h1n1 (2009) virus by multiplex real-time pcr.a multiplex real-time pcr assay was developed to simultaneously detect and discriminate influenza a virus subtypes, including novel h1n1 (2009) and seasonal h3n2 virus, influenza b virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in a single test tube, with detection sensitivity and specificity of 99% and 100%, respectively, for the four pathogens.201121270233
differential sensitivities of retroviruses to integrase strand transfer inhibitors.integrase inhibitors are emerging anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) drugs, and multiple retroviruses and transposable elements were evaluated here for susceptibilities to raltegravir (ral) and elvitegravir (evg). all viruses, including primate and nonprimate lentiviruses, a betaretrovirus, a gammaretrovirus, and the alpharetrovirus rous sarcoma virus (rsv), were susceptible to inhibition by ral. evg potently inhibited all lentiviruses and intermediately inhibited betaretrovirus and gammare ...201121270168
regulation of stat signaling in mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells by respiratory syncytial virus.dendritic cells (dcs) act as a portal for virus invasion as well as potent antigen-presenting cells (apcs) involved in the antiviral host response. interferons (ifns) are produced in response to bacterial and viral infection and activate innate immune responses to efficiently counteract and remove pathogenic invaders. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) could inhibit ifn-mediated signaling pathway in epithelial cells; however, the effects of rsv on ifn signaling in the dendritic cells (dcs) are st ...201121255624
respiratory syncytial virus infection in children.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an rna virus that causes respiratory tract infections in children. in the north- ern hemisphere, the peak infection season is november through april. by two years of age, most children will have had an rsv infection. bronchiolitis, a lower respiratory tract infection, is often caused by rsv. an rsv infection is diagnosed based on patient history and physical examination. children typically present with cough, coryza, and wheezing. laboratory testing and chest ...201121243988
high rate of viral identification and coinfections in infants with acute bronchiolitis.to determine the viruses and risk factors associated with hospital and intensive care unit (icu) admissions in infants with acute bronchiolitis.201021243286
recombinant sendai viruses expressing fusion proteins with two furin cleavage sites mimic the syncytial and receptor-independent infection properties of respiratory syncytial virus.cell entry by paramyxoviruses requires fusion between viral and cellular membranes. paramyxovirus infection also gives rise to the formation of multinuclear, fused cells (syncytia). both types of fusion are mediated by the viral fusion (f) protein, which requires proteolytic processing at a basic cleavage site in order to be active for fusion. in common with most paramyxoviruses, fusion mediated by sendai virus f protein (f(sev)) requires coexpression of the homologous attachment (hemagglutinin- ...201121228237
correlations between clinical illness, respiratory virus infections and climate factors in a tropical paediatric population.summaryweekly (august 2003–december 2008) numbers of five common paediatric diseases and the incidence of respiratory viruses were obtained from a children's hospital in singapore and correlated with climate data using multivariate time-series techniques. upper respiratory tract infections were positively correlated with the incidences of influenza a, b, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza viruses (types 1–3 combined). lower respiratory tract infections were positively correl ...201121226981
[human metapneumoviruses were isolated from infants and children with acute respiratory infections in beijing].to obtain isolated human metapneumovirus (hmpv) strains from clinical specimens collected from infants and children in beijing and to promote the investigation on this important respiratory pathogen.201021215024
analysis of respiratory syncytial virus preclinical and clinical variants resistant to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies palivizumab and/or motavizumab.palivizumab is a us food and drug administration-approved monoclonal antibody for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory disease in high-risk infants. motavizumab, derived from palivizumab with enhanced antiviral activity, has recently been tested in humans. although palivizumab escape mutants have been generated in the laboratory, the development of resistant rsv in patients receiving palivizumab has not been reported previously.201121208913
myocarditis in the setting of rsv bronchiolitis.myocarditis in the pediatric population is commonly caused by viral pathogens, notably entero virus and adeno virus. respiratory syncytial virus, although widespread among this population, is rarely associated with myocarditis. the incidence of myocarditis is unknown due to the variability of clinical presentation and diagnostic limitations. data regarding prognosis is lacking in children. patients should be monitored in a pediatric intensive care unit secondary to the risk of hemodynamic compro ...201121204669
biological challenges and technological opportunities for respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of respiratory disease causing high rates of hospitalizations in infants, significant morbidity in children and adults, and excess mortality in the elderly. major barriers to vaccine development include early age of rsv infection, capacity of rsv to evade innate immunity, failure of rsv-induced adaptive immunity to prevent reinfection, history of rsv vaccine-enhanced disease, and lack of an animal model fully permissive to human rsv infecti ...201121198670
local cytokine response upon respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of childhood hospitalization and respiratory distress and has been recognized for several decades as a major health and economic burden worldwide. this virus has developed several virulence mechanisms to impair the establishment of a protective immune response to re-infection. accordingly, inefficient immunological memory is usually generated after exposure to this pathogen. furthermore, it has been shown that rsv can actively promote the in ...201021195729
immunologic impact of nutrient depletion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is characterized by small airways, alveolar and systemic inflammation and remodeling causing airflow limitation and parenchymal destruction. mechanisms of oxidative stress include exposure to cigarette smoke and environmental stimuli that activate proinflammatory responses, stimulate alveolar neutrophils and macrophages and lead to apoptosis of endothelial and epithelial cells. copd may have origins in fetal and neonatal factors that affect intrauteri ...201121194406
pulmonary surfactant in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: the role in pathogenesis and clinical implications.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection, and the most frequent reason for hospitalization among infants throughout the world. in addition to the acute consequences of the disease, rsv bronchiolitis in early childhood is related to further development of recurrent wheezing and asthma. despite the medical and economic burden of the disease, therapeutic options are limited to supportive measures, and mechanical ventilation in severe ...201021194166
respiratory outcomes, utilization and costs 12 months following a respiratory syncytial virus diagnosis among commercially insured late-preterm infants.to determine, among a commercially-insured population of late-preterm infants, utilization of healthcare resources and costs during the 1 year following a diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory infection (rsv lri).201021192761
decreased serum antibody responses to recombinant pneumocystis antigens in hiv-infected and uninfected current smokers.serologic studies can provide important insights into the epidemiology and transmission of pneumocystis jirovecii. exposure to p. jirovecii can be assessed by serum antibody responses to recombinant antigens from the major surface glycoprotein (msgc), although factors that influence the magnitude of the antibody response are incompletely understood. we determined the magnitudes of antibody responses to p. jirovecii in comparison to adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in hiv-infected ...201021191078
respiratory syncytial virus represses glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene activation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. although antiinflammatory in nature, glucocorticoids have been shown to be ineffective in the treatment of rsv-induced bronchiolitis and wheezing. in addition, the effectiveness of glucocorticoids at inhibiting rsv-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in cell culture has been questioned. in this study, we have investigated the effect of rsv infection on glucocorticoid-induced gene activation in lung epitheliu ...201021190962
clinical prediction rule for rsv bronchiolitis in healthy newborns: prognostic birth cohort study.our goal was to determine predictors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) among healthy newborns.201021187309
[respiratory syncytial virus infection enhances airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs and the underlined mechanism].to study the relation between respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma development by measuring airway responsiveness (ar) and m2r function.200921186634
aik-c measles vaccine expressing fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus induces protective antibodies in cotton rats.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of respiratory infection in infants, and no vaccine is available. in this report, recombinant aik-c measles vaccines, expressing the rsv g or f protein of subgroup a (mvaik/rsv/g or f), were investigated as a rsv vaccine candidate. mvaik/rsv/g or f had the original ts phenotype and expressed rsv/g or f protein. cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against rsv subgroups a and b were detected in cotton rats immunized intramuscularly with ...201021185852
structural and functional analysis of the rous sarcoma virus negative regulator of splicing and demonstration of its activation by the 9g8 sr protein.retroviruses require both spliced and unspliced rnas for replication. accumulation of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) unspliced rna depends upon the negative regulator of splicing (nrs). its 5'-part is considered as an ese binding sr proteins. its 3'-part contains a decoy 5'-splice site (ss), which inhibits splicing at the bona fide 5'-ss. only the 3d structure of a small nrs fragment had been experimentally studied. here, by chemical and enzymatic probing, we determine the 2d structure of the entire r ...201021183462
evaluation of the 3m rapid detection test for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children during the early stages of the 2009 rsv season.we report the results of the 3m rapid detection respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) assay. this study includes pediatric patient results from nasopharyngeal swabs submitted from october to december 2009. there was a sensitivity of 74% and specificity approaching 100% compared to the pcr-based xtag respiratory viral panel.201021177903
[a pathogenic and clinical study of 882 cases of adult influenza-like illness in guangzhou].this study was undertaken to describe the viral etiology and clinical features in patients with influenza-like illness (ili) in guangzhou.201021176504
the impact of prophylaxis on paediatric intensive care unit admissions for rsv infection: a retrospective, single-centre study.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in children aged <2 years. the aim of this retrospective, single-centre study was to examine the characteristics of patients admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (picu) with rsv infection following the implementation of a rsv prophylaxis programme. electronic hospital medical records of all picu admissions for rsv infection were searched from 2003 to 2009. data on baseline de ...201021174120
respiratory syncytial virus disease: update on treatment and prevention.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children, accounting for more than 100,000 hospitalizations per year in the usa. the majority of hospitalizations occur in infants less than 1 year of age. worldwide, rsv is associated with an annual mortality rate of 160,000-600,000 deaths. premature infants, and infants with congenital heart disease, neuromuscular disease, structural airway abnormalities and immunodeficiencie ...201121171875
serum sp-d levels as a biomarker of lung injury in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.to evaluate whether sp-d concentration is a useful biomarker of the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, we determined sp-d concentrations in patients with rsv bronchiolitis with or without chronic heart disease. we enrolled 52 patients who had been diagnosed with rsv bronchiolitis and required admission to the hospital at the department of pediatrics of fukushima medical university school of medicine from 2004 through 2005. these patients were divided into two groups: gr ...201021171185
gene structures, classification and expression models of the ap2/erebp transcription factor family in rice.we identified 163 ap2/erebp (apetala2/ethylene-responsive element-binding protein) genes in rice. we analyzed gene structures, phylogenies, domain duplication, genome localizations and expression profiles. conserved amino acid residues and phylogeny construction using the ap2/erf conserved domain sequence suggest that in rice the osap2/erebp gene family can be classified broadly into four subfamilies [ap2, rav (related to abi3/vp1), dreb (dehydration-responsive element-binding protein) and erf ( ...201021169347
performance of a rapid antigen test (binax now® rsv) for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus compared with real-time polymerase chain reaction in a pediatric population.infants from alaska's yukon-kuskokwim delta (ykd) have a high respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization rate (104/1000/yr). appropriate patient management requires rapid and accurate rsv diagnosis. antigen-based methods are often used in clinical settings, but these tests can lack sensitivity.201021163694
the burden of hospitalized lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory syncytial virus in rural thailand.we describe the epidemiology of hospitalized rsv infections for all age groups from population-based surveillance in two rural provinces in thailand.201021152047
rsv-induced bronchial epithelial cell pd-l1 expression inhibits cd8+ t cell nonspecific antiviral activity.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants. it is also responsible for high morbidity and mortality in the elderly. programmed death ligands (pd-ls) on antigen-presenting cells interact with receptors on t cells to regulate immune responses. the programmed death receptor-ligand 1/programmed death receptor 1 (pd-l1-pd-1) pathway is inhibitory in chronic viral infections, but its role in acute viral infections is unclear. we hypothesized that bronchial epithelia ...201121148500
antiviral and lung protective activity of a novel rsv fusion inhibitor in a mouse model.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes bronchiolitis in young children and common colds in adults. there is no licensed vaccine, and prophylactic treatment with palivizumab is very expensive and limited to high risk infants. ribavirin is used as an antiviral treatment in infants and immunosuppressed patients, and its use is limited due to side effects, toxicity to the recipient and staff and evidence of marginal clinical efficacy. we therefore studied the in vivo kinetics, antiviral and protec ...201021148224
fine mapping of qstv11tq, a major gene conferring resistance to rice stripe disease.the indica rice cultivar, teqing, shows a high level of resistance to rice stripe virus (rsv). it is believed that this resistance is controlled by the gene, qstv11(tq). for positional cloning of the resistance gene, a set of chromosome single segment substitution lines (csssls) was constructed, all of which had the genetic background of the susceptible japonica cultivar, lemont, with different single substituted segments of teqing on chromosome 11. by identifying the resistance of the csssls-20 ...201021140255
management of rsv infections in adult recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of seasonal respiratory viral infection in patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. rsv usually presents as an upper respiratory tract infection in this patient population but may progress rapidly to lower respiratory tract infection. available therapies that have been used for the treatment of rsv infections are limited to ribavirin, intravenous immunoglobulin, and palivizumab. the use of aerosolized ribavirin, alon ...201021139081
the use of a neonatal mouse model to study respiratory syncytial virus infections.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most significant cause of viral death in infants worldwide. the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this disease underscores the urgent need for the development of an rsv vaccine. the development of an rsv vaccine has been hampered by our limited understanding of the human host immune system, which plays a significant role in rsv pathogenesis, susceptibility and vaccine efficacy. as a result, animal models have been developed to ...201021133663
hospitalizations due to respiratory syncytial virus in children with congenital malformations.statewide respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection hospitalization data of colorado children with congenital malformations was used to estimate the population-based risk and severity of disease of rsv hospitalizations. spina bifida without anencephaly, cleft palate, lung agenesis or dysgenesis, and biliary atresia were associated with a higher risk of being hospitalized with rsv lower respiratory tract infection and an increased severity of disease when hospitalized.201121127456
respiratory watch: development of a provincial system for respiratory syncytial virus surveillance in nova scotia, 2005-2008.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in young children and is increasingly recognized as a cause of influenza-like illness in those older than 65 years of age. a surveillance system to provide timely local information about rsv activity in nova scotia (ns) is described.200921119793
simultaneous detection and differentiation of respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viral pathogens.rapid and accurate detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) provides pathogen-specific diagnosis, allows implementation of appropriate infection control measures, and improves patient management. one diagnostic challenge is that respiratory infections, which can be caused by several viral pathogens including rsv, usually present with similar signs and symptoms that are nearly indistinguishable by clinical diagnosis. we have described in the chapter a rapid, high-throughput laboratory techn ...201121116808
detection of respiratory syncytial virus using nanoparticle amplified immuno-polymerase chain reaction.in traditional immuno-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-pcr), a single antibody recognition event is associated with one to three dna tags, which are subsequently amplified by pcr. here we describe a nanoparticle-amplified immuno-pcr (npa-ipcr) assay that combines antibody recognition of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with a 50-fold nanoparticle valence amplification step prior to tag amplification by pcr. the assay detects a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) surface protein using an ...201021111702
[research on the methods for titrating respiratory syncytial virus].respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection in infants. it is very important to quantitative assay of rsv titer in the study on rsv pathogenesis, candidate vaccine and antiviral treatment. therefore, we develop real-time quantitative pcr (q-pcr) assay and enzyme immunospots (eis) for titrating rsv and compare them with traditional 50% tissue culture infectious doses (tcid50).201021110441
[experimental research on anti-respiratory syncytial virus effect in vitro of earthworm coelomic fluid].to explore the antivirus function in vitro of earthworm coelomic fluid (ecf) by researching its effect on inhibiting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).201021110430
respiratory viruses in children admitted to hospital intensive care units: evaluating the clart® pneumovir dna array.viruses play a significant part in children's respiratory infections, sometimes leading to hospitalization in cases of severe respiratory distress. the aim of this study was to investigate respiratory infections in children treated in a hospital intensive care unit (icu). assays were performed using the clart® pneumovir dna array assay (genomica, coslada, madrid, spain), which makes it possible to detect 11 genus of respiratory viruses simultaneously. during the winter of 2008-2009, 73 respirato ...201121108353
nucleoprotein-rna orientation in the measles virus nucleocapsid by three-dimensional electron microscopy.recombinant measles virus nucleoprotein-rna (n-rna) helices were analyzed by negative-stain electron microscopy. three-dimensional reconstructions of trypsin-digested and intact nucleocapsids coupled to the docking of the atomic structure of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) n-rna subunit into the electron microscopy density map support a model that places the rna at the exterior of the helix and the disordered c-terminal domain toward the helix interior, and they suggest the position of the ...201021106738
respiratory virus infection and risk of invasive meningococcal disease in central ontario, canada.in temperate climates, invasive meningococcal disease (imd) incidence tends to coincide with or closely follow peak incidence of influenza virus infection; at a seasonal level, increased influenza activity frequently correlates with increased seasonal risk of imd.201021103353
right ventricular function in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis.previous studies have demonstrated the development of myocardial damage and hepatitis in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the aim of this study was to assess right ventricular function in children with severe rsv disease and to investigate an association with disease severity, myocardial damage, and hepatitis.201021102401
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of the major genes in respiratory syncytial virus isolated from infants with bronchiolitis.we performed the genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolated from 17 infants with bronchiolitis in kanagawa prefecture, japan in 2005 and 2006. the major genes in these samples (attachment [g] glycoprotein gene, fusion [f] protein gene, and nucleoprotein [n] gene) were sequenced and analyzed genetically. phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed that 7 and 10 strains could be classified into subgroups a and b, respectively. phylogenetic analysis of the ...201021099088
risk factors in children hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis versus non-rsv bronchiolitis.the trends in hospitalization rates and risk factors for severe bronchiolitis have not been recently described, especially after the routine implementation of prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections.201021098154
[full-length cdna sequence analysis of avian leukosis viruses subgroup j isolated from chickens with clinical hemangioma].to understand the molecular characteristics of subgroup j avian leukosis viruses (alv-j) isolated from chickens with clinical hemangioma, as well as to get more information for controlling the spread of alv-j in layer chickens flocks.201021090269
efficient lung recruitment of respiratory syncytial virus-specific th1 cells induced by recombinant bacillus calmette-guérin promotes virus clearance and protects from infection.infection by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause extensive inflammation and lung damage in susceptible hosts due to a th2-biased immune response. such a deleterious inflammatory response can be enhanced by immunization with formalin- or uv-inactivated rsv, as well as with vaccinia virus expressing the rsv-g protein. recently, we have shown that vaccination with rbcg-expressing rsv ags can prevent the disease in the mouse. to further understand the immunological mechanisms responsible ...201021084664
treatment of respiratory syncytial virus with palivizumab: a systematic review.palivizumab has proven efficacy for prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants with prematurity or congenital heart disease. despite a paucity of data, palivizumab is sometimes used to prevent progression when high-risk patients present with upper respiratory tract infection (urti) due to rsv, or as therapy when any patients present with severe lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) caused by rsv.201021080142
[two cases of symptomatic west syndrome suffering from severe respiratory syncytial virus-induced bronchiolitis].we report two cases of symptomatic west syndrome with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis: one was a 9-month-old boy who was hospitalized for shock, and the other was a 15-month-old boy in pre-shock condition. both cases needed mechanical ventilation for approximately 2 weeks. seizures from the primary disease worsened in both patients during the infection, and both needed long periods of hospitalization, which resulted in a considerable reduction in their quality of l ...201021077358
performance of a nurse-led paediatric point of care service for respiratory syncytial virus testing in secondary care.to evaluate respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-point-of-care-testing (poct) performance among paediatric patients with respiratory symptoms, using the binaxnow(®) rsv assay performed by trained nurses on the paediatric ward, and compare results with those obtained by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr).201021073893
bayesian inference of the number of factors in gene-expression analysis: application to human virus challenge studies.nonparametric bayesian techniques have been developed recently to extend the sophistication of factor models, allowing one to infer the number of appropriate factors from the observed data. we consider such techniques for sparse factor analysis, with application to gene-expression data from three virus challenge studies. particular attention is placed on employing the beta process (bp), the indian buffet process (ibp), and related sparseness-promoting techniques to infer a proper number of facto ...201021062443
coronavirus causes lower respiratory tract infections less frequently than rsv in hospitalized norwegian children.we have described occurrence and clinical manifestations of human coronaviruses (hcov) in hospitalized norwegian children with respiratory tract infection (rti) and compared them with a group of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected children. methods and population: we used in-house taqman multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction to test nasopharyngeal samples from 536 rti episodes in 452 children who were admitted during the 2006-2007 winter. twenty-one viruses, including hcov-oc43, h ...201121057374
[etiology and epidemic characteristics of hospital acquired pneumonia in children].to investigate the etiology and epidemic characteristics of hospital acquired pneumonia (hap) in children.201021055271
conserved cysteine residues within the attachment g glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus play a critical role in the enhancement of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses.the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response plays an important role in the control of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication and the establishment of a th1-cd4+ t cell response against the virus. despite lacking major histocompatibility complex i (mhc i)-restricted epitopes, the attachment g glycoprotein of rsv enhances ctl activity toward other rsv antigens, and this effect depends on its conserved central region. here, we report that rsv-g can also improve ctl activity toward antigens fro ...201021053062
a high-throughput screening strategy to overcome virus instability.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a widely distributed pathogen that causes severe disease in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. both vaccine development and drug discovery have been hampered by the inherent instability of the virus itself. drug discovery efforts have had limited success due, at least in part, to the lack of an antiviral assay robust enough for high-throughput screening. instability of the purified virus has long been recognized as a problem in rsv rese ...201021050067
bordetella pertussis infection is common in nonvaccinated infants admitted for bronchiolitis.preliminary evidence suggests that viral-pertussis coinfections are common in nonvaccinated infants.201021046700
predicting the start week of respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks using real time weather variables.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major cause of bronchiolitis, has a large impact on the census of pediatric hospitals during outbreak seasons. reliable prediction of the week these outbreaks will start, based on readily available data, could help pediatric hospitals better prepare for large outbreaks.201021044325
epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children ≤2 years of age hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections in the russian federation: a prospective, multicenter study.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections among infants and young children, and is responsible for an estimated four million deaths per year globally. a monthly injection of palivizumab has been used for prophylaxis of serious rsv infections among high-risk children in 71 countries since 1998 and approval for use in the russian federation was obtained in february 2010. a recommendation for rsv prophylaxis in the russian federation would r ...201021042555
targeting specific genes for rna interference is crucial to the development of strong resistance to rice stripe virus.rice stripe virus (rsv) has a serious negative effect on rice production in temperate regions of east asia. focusing on the putative importance of the selection of target sequences for rna interference (rnai), we analysed the effects of potential target sequences in each of the coding genes in the rsv genome, using transgenic rice plants that expressed a set of inverted-repeat (ir) constructs. the reactions of inoculated transgenic t(1) plants to rsv were divided subjectively into three classes, ...201021040387
the role of cytokines and chemokines in severe respiratory syncytial virus infection and subsequent asthma.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide. the mechanism is largely unknown. rsv stimulates airway epithelial cells and resident leukocytes to release cytokines. cytokines and chemokines involved in host response to rsv infection are thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis. in addition, rsv infection early in life has been associated with the development of asthma in later childhood. it is ...201021035355
a community health concern: respiratory syncytial virus and children.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a significant health issue. nearly all children contract rsv by 3 years of age. this virus causes mild cold-like symptoms in older children and adults. however, in infants and toddlers, it causes serious lower respiratory tract infections. recovery from rsv can be lengthy, and caring for an unwell child can become a burden for a family. prevention plans for those children that are at highest risk have been helpful in reducing the incidence of rsv. the america ...201021035019
influenza a infection in young infants.objective to determine the clinical characteristics of infants ≤2 months old hospitalised with influenza a. study design the study was a retrospective analysis of infants ≤2 months old hospitalised with fever, respiratory distress and/or sepsis. clinical signs, laboratory values, hospital duration and outcome were compared between children with influenza a and other viruses. results the charts of 268 infants were reviewed. 29 (11%) children had laboratory-confirmed influenza a infection. unique ...201021030378
respiratory syncytial virus infections in the adult asthmatic--mechanisms of host susceptibility and viral subversion.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a single-stranded rna virus of the paramyxoviridae family, is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants and is also conjectured to be an early-life influence on the development of asthma. although the data supporting a role for rsv in bronchiolitis in children are robust and evidence to support its role in juvenile asthmatics exists, rsv's role in asthma pathogenesis in adults is not as clearly defined. the authors review the literature to further elucidate rsv ...201021029936
the role of respiratory virus infections in childhood asthma inception.viral respiratory illnesses associated with wheezing are extremely common during early life and remain a frequent cause of morbidity and hospitalization in young children. although many children who wheeze with respiratory viruses during infancy outgrow the problem, most children with asthma and reductions in lung function at school age begin wheezing during the first several years of life. whether symptomatic viral infections of the lower respiratory tract are causal in asthma development or si ...201021029935
assembly and immunological properties of newcastle disease virus-like particles containing the respiratory syncytial virus f and g proteins.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a serious respiratory pathogen in infants and young children as well as elderly and immunocompromised populations. however, no rsv vaccines are available. we have explored the potential of virus-like particles (vlps) as an rsv vaccine candidate. vlps composed entirely of rsv proteins were produced at levels inadequate for their preparation as immunogens. however, vlps composed of the newcastle disease virus (ndv) nucleocapsid and membrane proteins and c ...201020980510
circulating antibody-secreting cells during acute respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults.the specificity and duration of circulating human antibody-secreting cells (ascs) after vaccination have been well described, but characteristics of ascs during acute respiratory infections have not been well studied.201020979459
effects of respiratory syncytial virus infection and major basic protein derived from eosinophils in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (a549).rsv (respiratory syncytial virus)-induced pneumonia and bronchiolitis may be associated with hyperresponsive conditions, including asthma. eosinophilic proteins such as mbp (major basic protein) may also be associated with the pathophysiology of asthma. to elucidate the roles of rsv infection and mbp in the pathogenesis of pneumonia with hyperresponsiveness, we investigated the effects of rsv infection and mbp on a549 (alveolar epithelial) cells. cpe (cytopathic effects) in a549 cells were obser ...201120977431
surface display of respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins in lactococcus lactis nz9000.a system for displaying heterologous respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) glycoproteins on the surface of lactococcus lactis nz9000 was developed.201020973806
interleukin-6⁻¹⁷⁴ and tumor necrosis factor α⁻³⁰⁸ polymorphisms enhance cytokine production by human macrophages exposed to respiratory viruses.interleukin-6⁻¹⁷⁴ (il-6⁻¹⁷⁴) and tumor necrosis factor α⁻³⁰⁸ (tnfα⁻³⁰⁸) are high-cytokine-producing genotypes that are known to increase the susceptibility to infectious diseases, but their influence on cytokine production induced by respiratory viruses is unknown. we exposed human monocyte-derived macrophages from il-6⁻¹⁷⁴, tnfα⁻³⁰⁸, and normal genotype donors to different respiratory viruses. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) stimulation was associated with higher il-6 concentrations in il-6⁻¹ ...201020973681
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