Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| loss of dexd/h box rna helicase lgp2 manifests disparate antiviral responses. | the dexd/h box rna helicase retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) and the melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) are key intracellular receptors that recognize virus infection to produce type i ifn. a third helicase gene, lgp2, is homologous to rig-i and mda5 but lacks a caspase activation and recruitment domain. we generated lgp2-deficient mice and report that the loss of this gene greatly sensitizes cells to cytosolic polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid-mediated induction of type i ifn ... | 2007 | 17475874 |
| partitioning and inactivation of viruses by the caprylic acid precipitation followed by a terminal pasteurization in the manufacturing process of horse immunoglobulins. | caprylic acid (octanoic acid), has been used for over 50 years as a stabilizer of human albumin during pasteurization. in addition caprylic acid is of great interest, by providing the advantage of purifying mammalian immunoglobulins and clearing viruses infectivity in a single step. exploiting these two properties, we sequentially used the caprylic acid precipitation and the pasteurization to purify horse hyperimmune globulins used in the manufacturing of sérocytol. to evaluate the effectiveness ... | 2007 | 17470396 |
| efficient expression and purification of human interferon alpha2b in the methylotrophic yeast, pichia pastoris. | the human interferon alpha2b (hifn-alpha2b) is the most widely used member of ifnalpha family, and it exerts many biological actions including broad-spectrum antiviral effects, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and enhancement of immune functions. herein, the cdna coding for hifn-alpha2b has been cloned into the secreting expression organism pichia pastoris, and the high level expression of hifn-alpha2b has been achieved. sds-page and western blotting assays of culture broth from a methanol ... | 2007 | 17468009 |
| viral translation is coupled to transcription in sindbis virus-infected cells. | during the late phase of sindbis virus infection, the viral subgenomic mrna is translated efficiently in bhk cells, whereas host protein synthesis is inhibited. however, transfection of in vitro-generated sindbis virus subgenomic mrna leads to efficient translation in uninfected bhk cells, whereas it is a poor substrate in infected cells. therefore, the structure of the subgenomic mrna itself is not sufficient to confer its translatability in infected cells. in this regard, translation of the su ... | 2007 | 17442713 |
| an infectious and selectable full-length replicon system with hepatitis c virus jfh-1 strain. | aim: the hepatitis c virus (hcv) strain jfh-1 was cloned from a patient with fulminant hepatitis. a jfh-1 subgenomic replicon and full-length jfh-1 rna efficiently replicate in cultured cells. in this study, an infectious, selectable hcv replicon containing full-length jfh-1 cdna was constructed. methods: the full-genome replicon was constructed using the neomycin-resistant gene, emcv ires and wild-type jfh-1 cdna. huh7 cells were transfected with rna synthesized in vitro, and then cultured with ... | 2007 | 17437527 |
| a serosurvey of swine and free-living species on iowa farms for antibodies against encephalomyocarditis virus. | swine and free-living nonporcine species from 20 iowa swine farms were surveyed for antibodies against encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). the microtitration serum neutralization test was used, and antibody titers >/= 1:8 were considered positive. the overall prevalence in 267 sows in various groups was 37.8% (range 20-86%). the prevalence in sows maintained in total confinement was significantly lower than in sows not maintained in total confinement (p = 0.01). prevalence in sows was not associa ... | 1992 | 17424088 |
| ontario. antibodies to encephalomyocarditis virus in aborted and stillborn pigs. | 1989 | 17423427 | |
| ontario. encephalomyocarditis virus outbreak among suckling pigs. | 1989 | 17423242 | |
| antibody to encephalomyocarditis virus in pigs. | 1987 | 17422925 | |
| serological evidence of encephalomyocarditis virus in pigs in ontario. | 1985 | 17422556 | |
| pdtc inhibits picornavirus polyprotein processing and rna replication by transporting zinc ions into cells. | previously, it was shown that pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (pdtc) inhibits proteolytic polyprotein processing and replication of human rhinovirus by transporting metal ions into cells. here, it is shown that pdtc also inhibits replication of two other picornaviruses: coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3), a closely related virus that belongs to the genus enterovirus, and mengovirus, an encephalomyocarditis virus strain that belongs to the genus cardiovirus, and that this inhibition is due to the dithiocarbama ... | 2007 | 17374764 |
| assessment of viral inactivation during ph 3.3 pepsin digestion and caprylic acid treatment of antivenoms. | antivenoms are manufactured by the fractionation of animal plasma which may possibly be contaminated by infectious agents pathogenic to humans. this study was carried out to determine whether pre-existing antivenom production steps, as carried out by egyvac in egypt, may reduce viral risks. two typical manufacturing steps were studied by performing down-scaled viral inactivation experiments: (a) a ph 3.3 pepsin digestion of diluted plasma at 30 degrees c for 1h, and (b) a caprylic acid treatment ... | 2007 | 17363271 |
| development and validation of a real time pcr-based bioassay for quantification of neutralizing antibodies against human interferon-beta. | there are two commonly employed types of bioassays for the detection of neutralizing antibodies (nabs) against interferon-beta (ifnbeta): the cytopatic effect assay (cpe), and the mxa (myxovirus resistance protein a) protein assay (mpa). this article describes a bioassay based on the real time pcr measurement of mrna that results from the induction, in cultured human cells, of the mxa gene by ifnbeta. serum samples from 104 patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) treated with ifnbeta were tested f ... | 2007 | 17335844 |
| an improved cell-free system for picornavirus synthesis. | cell-free synthesis of an infectious virus is an ideal tool for elucidating the mechanism of viral replication and for screening anti-viral drugs. in the present study, the synthesis of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) from its rna in hela and 293-f cell extracts was enhanced by employing a dialysis system in combination with a ribozyme technology. although translation and processing of the emcv polyprotein were not accelerated greatly by the dialysis system, de novo synthesis of viral rna was ... | 2007 | 17320977 |
| serologic responses of barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia), indian antelope (antilope cervicapra), wallaroos (macropus robustus), and chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) to an inactivated encephalomyocarditis virus vaccine. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) is a picornavirus with a worldwide distribution, capable of infecting a wide range of species. episodes of emcv-associated mortality have been reported in zoos and national parks around the world, including sporadic cases at taronga zoo, sydney. an inactivated emcv vaccine was evaluated by inoculating barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia), indian antelope (antilope cervicapra), eastern wallaroos (macropus robustus), and chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). a proportion of ... | 2005 | 17315459 |
| genomic analysis of two porcine encephalomyocarditis virus strains isolated in china. | two strains of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), designated bjc3 and hb1, were isolated from an aborted fetus and the heart tissue of a dead piglet that had pericardial fluid, respectively. the complete genomic sequences of the two viruses were determined and analyzed. the size of the genomes of bjc3 and hb1 were 7746 and 7735 nucleotides, respectively, including poly(a) tails. comparative analysis with the genomic sequences of other emcv strains showed that bjc3 and hb1 shared higher identity ... | 2007 | 17294091 |
| non-suppurative meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in cats and dogs: an immunohistochemical study. | non-suppurative meningoencephalitis of unknown cause is a frequent finding in dogs and cats. fifty-three dogs and 33 cats with non-suppurative meningoencephalitis of unknown aetiology were examined immunohistochemically for 18 different infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria and prion protein(sc). in 14 (26%) of the dogs and 13 (39%) of the cats a causative agent was identified in the central nervous system (cns), two dogs and one cat giving positive results for two infectious agents sim ... | 2007 | 17275833 |
| reduced-energy diet improves survival of obese kkay mice with viral myocarditis: induction of cardiac adiponectin expression. | obesity is an important risk factor for heart disease. whether weight loss affects the severity of heart failure induced by viral myocarditis is a matter of debate. we hypothesized that weight loss could improve cardiac dysfunction by inducing cardiac expression of a cardioprotective cytokine, adiponectin. we examined the relationship between weight loss by food restriction and heart failure due to viral myocarditis in obese kkay mice. we intraperitoneally injected encephalomyocarditis virus (50 ... | 2007 | 17275107 |
| mda-5 is cleaved in poliovirus-infected cells. | infections with rna viruses are sensed by the innate immune system through membrane-bound toll-like receptors or the cytoplasmic rna helicases rig-i and mda-5. it is believed that mda-5 is crucial for sensing infections by picornaviruses, but there have been no studies on the role of this protein during infection with poliovirus, the prototypic picornavirus. beginning at 4 h postinfection, mda-5 protein is degraded in poliovirus-infected cells. levels of mda-5 declined beginning at 6 h after inf ... | 2007 | 17267501 |
| genetic redundancy in human cervical carcinoma cells: identification of cells with "normal" properties. | although it is generally assumed that cancer arises from a singular cell, a tumor must be considered as a dynamic and emergent biological structure, whose organizing principle is determined by genetic and epigenetic modifications, occurring variably in response to microenvironmental selection conditions. as previously shown, hpv-positive cervical carcinoma cells have lost their ability to induce ifn-beta upon tnf-alpha treatment. however, regarding cancer as a non-linear system, which may, even ... | 2007 | 17266037 |
| raman and raman optical activity (roa) analysis of rna structural motifs in domain i of the emcv ires. | raman and raman optical activity (roa) spectra were collected for four rna oligonucleotides based on the emcv ires domain i to assess the contributions of helix, gnra tetraloop, u.c mismatch base pair and pyrimidine-rich bulge structures to each. both raman and roa spectra show overall similarities for all oligonucleotides, reflecting the presence of the same base paired helical regions and gnra tetraloop in each. specific bands are sensitive to the effect of the mismatch and asymmetric bulge on ... | 2007 | 17264119 |
| qualitative and quantitative analysis of antibody response against ifnbeta in patients with multiple sclerosis. | to date, inter- and intra-laboratory consistency of binding assays for measuring anti-interferon (ifn)beta antibodies has not been assessed. in this investigation, two independent laboratories tested a library of 80 serum specimens obtained from multiple sclerosis (ms) patients treated with ifnbeta. for binding antibodies (babs) evaluations, each laboratory used both a capture-elisa (celisa) and an enzyme-immuno-assay (eia), which is commercially available. samples were also tested for neutraliz ... | 2006 | 17263001 |
| a comparative study of different vector designs for the mammalian expression of recombinant igg antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies (mab) are the fastest growing group of biopharmaceuticals in development. for production in mammalian cells, the four polypeptide chains of the immunoglobulin diheterotetramer must be assembled prior to exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. various recombinant mab expression vectors have been developed utilizing mono-and bicistronic expression cassettes encoded on one or two plasmids. however, there are only few studies providing information on the type of vector design opti ... | 2007 | 17161420 |
| degradation of the encephalomyocarditis virus and hepatitis a virus 3c proteases by the ubiquitin/26s proteasome system in vivo. | we have isolated stably transfected mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines that inducibly express either the mature encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) or hepatitis a virus (hav) 3c protease and have used these cells to demonstrate that both proteins are subject to degradation in vivo by the ubiquitin/26s proteasome system. the detection of 3c protease expression in these cells requires inducing conditions and the presence of one of several proteasome inhibitors. both 3c proteases are incorporated ... | 2007 | 17150238 |
| viruses cause type 1 diabetes in animals. | more than 10 viruses have been reported to be associated with the development of type 1 diabetes-like symptoms in animals, with the best evidence coming from studies on the d variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc-d) virus in mice and kilham rat virus (krv) in rats. a high titer of emc-d viral infection results in the development of diabetes within 3 days, primarily due to the rapid destruction of beta cells by viral replication within the cells. a low titer of emc-d viral infection results in the ... | 2006 | 17130545 |
| neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta in multiple sclerosis: analytical evaluation for validation of a cytopathic effect assay. | recent guidelines have recommended the use of validated assays for the measurement of neutralizing antibodies (nabs) to interferon beta (ifnbeta) in patients with multiple sclerosis (ms). in an attempt of validation, we studied the analytical performance of a bioassay based on antiviral cytopathic effect (cpe) using wish cells and the vesicular stomatitis virus (wish/vsv cpe). | 2007 | 17123498 |
| helper virus-independent trans-replication of hepatitis c virus-derived minigenome. | we have previously described a synthetic t7-driven cdna minigenome containing the antisense sequence of luciferase gene and internal ribosome entry site of encephalomyocarditis virus flanked by 5'- and 3'-end sequences of hepatitis c virus (hcv) that contain cis-acting replication elements. synthesis of minus-strand rna from the artificial minigenome was determined by using huh-7 cells harboring autonomously replicating hcv subgenome as a helper for provision of functional replication components ... | 2007 | 17112469 |
| viral infections as potential triggers of type 1 diabetes. | during the last decades, the incidence of type 1 diabetes (t1d) has increased significantly, reaching percentages of 3% annually worldwide. this increase suggests that besides genetical factors environmental perturbations (including viral infections) are also involved in the pathogenesis of t1d. t1d has been associated with viral infections including enteroviruses, rubella, mumps, rotavirus, parvovirus and cytomegalovirus (cmv). although correlations between clinical presentation with t1d and th ... | 2007 | 17103489 |
| factors related to the incidence of clinical encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection on belgian pig farms. | we set up a matched case-control study of potential risk factors for clinical encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) in 58 pig farms in west flanders (belgium). in total, 29 farms experienced a clinical outbreak of emcv confirmed by emc virus isolation. mortality was seen only among suckling piglets (18 case farms), in piglets and other age-groups (4 case farms), or only among fattening pigs (7 case farms). five farms had reproductive problems among the sows. control farms were matched geographically ... | 2007 | 17098310 |
| the degree of apoptosis as an immunostimulant for a dna vaccine against hiv-1 infection. | to regulate the expression of the apoptotic gene, we constructed bicistronic dna vaccines that encode for hiv env and caspase-3 mutant (casp 3m) that are expressed via the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site (ires) or cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter-dependent translations. while ires-casp 3m induced weak apoptosis and caused little reduction in antigen expression, cmv-casp 3m elicited strong apoptosis and led to a marked decrease in the antigen expression. therefore, ires-cas ... | 2007 | 17079059 |
| design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel iso-d-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluorothianucleoside derivatives. | novel iso-d-2',3'-dideoxythianucleoside derivatives 1-4 were designed and asymmetrically synthesized as a bioisostere of lamivudine to search for new anti-hiv agents. the information about using sulfur participation occurred on dast fluorination and mitsunobu reaction will be of great help in synthesizing sulfur-containing compounds. final compounds 1-4 were evaluated against hiv-1 and 2, hsv-1 and 2, emcv, cox. b3, vsv, flua (taiwan), flua (johan.), fcv, and fip. only cytosine analogue 3 showed ... | 2007 | 17046264 |
| serological survey of encephalomyocarditis virus infection in pigs in france. | samples of serum from 76 gilts, 1440 sows, 1473 piglets and 3093 finishing pigs from 96 farrow-to-finish herds were tested for antibodies to encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) in microtitre serum neutralisation tests employing two strains of virus, one associated with myocarditis and the other with reproductive failure. the total seroprevalence of emcv infection was 2.48 per cent. there was no significant difference between the seroprevalence of the reproductive failure strain (1.6 per cent) and ... | 2006 | 17041064 |
| rig-i-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded rna bearing 5'-phosphates. | double-stranded rna (dsrna) produced during viral replication is believed to be the critical trigger for activation of antiviral immunity mediated by the rna helicase enzymes retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5). we showed that influenza a virus infection does not generate dsrna and that rig-i is activated by viral genomic single-stranded rna (ssrna) bearing 5'-phosphates. this is blocked by the influenza protein nonstructured protein 1 (ns ... | 2006 | 17038589 |
| effects of picornavirus 3a proteins on protein transport and gbf1-dependent cop-i recruitment. | the 3a protein of the coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3), an enterovirus that belongs to the family of the picornaviruses, inhibits endoplasmic reticulum-to-golgi transport. recently, we elucidated the underlying mechanism by showing that cvb3 3a interferes with adp-ribosylation factor 1 (arf1)-dependent cop-i recruitment to membranes by binding and inhibiting the function of gbf1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is required for the activation of arf1 (e. wessels et al., dev. cell 11:191-201, 20 ... | 2006 | 17005635 |
| production of biopharmaceuticals and vaccines in plants via the chloroplast genome. | transgenic plants offer many advantages, including low cost of production (by elimination of fermenters), storage and transportation; heat stability; and absence of human pathogens. when therapeutic proteins are orally delivered, plant cells protect antigens in the stomach through bioencapsulation and eliminate the need for expensive purification and sterile injections, in addition to development of both systemic and mucosal immunity. chloroplast genetic engineering offers several advantages, in ... | 2006 | 17004305 |
| translational efficiency of emcv ires in bicistronic vectors is dependent upon ires sequence and gene location. | the internal ribosomal entry site (ires)from encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) is a popular rna element used widely in experimental and pharmaceutical applications to express proteins in eukaryotic cells or cell-free extracts. inclusion of the wild-type element in monocistronic or bicistronic messenger rnas (mrnas) confers a high level of cap-independent translation activity to appropriately configured cistrons. the history of this element and the experimental consequences of sequence derivation ... | 2006 | 16989088 |
| transmission of encephalomyocarditis virus in pigs estimated from field data in belgium by means of r0. | transmission of encephalomyocarditis-virus (emcv) has been estimated in experiments, but never using field data. in this field study, a farm in belgium was selected where the presence of emcv was confirmed by necropsy and virus isolation. serology was used to estimate the transmission parameter r0. in one compartment with 630 pigs, 6 pens were fully sampled, in the remaining 38 pens, 2 randomly selected pigs were bled. the 151 pigs were bled twice and their serum was tested in a virus neutralisa ... | 2006 | 16973116 |
| differential cleavage of eif4gi and eif4gii in mammalian cells. effects on translation. | two isoforms of the translation initiation factor eif4g, eif4gi and eif4gii, have been described in eukaryotic cells. the exact function of each isoform during the initiation of protein synthesis is still under investigation. we have developed an efficient and reliable method of expressing poliovirus 2apro, which differentially proteolyzes eif4gi and eif4gii in a time- and dose-dependent manner. this system is based on the electroporation of an in vitro transcribed mrna that contains the encepha ... | 2006 | 16959778 |
| pathogenesis of experimental encephalomyocarditis: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and virological study in mice. | mice (n=20) aged 8 weeks were infected, either by oronasal inoculation or by contact, with one of two different myocardial strains of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), namely, the greek strain 424/90 and the belgian strain b279/95. the animals were killed at 18-59 days post-infection (dpi), except for two mice that died at 6 and 32 dpi, and samples of brain, heart, pancreas, kidney, peyer's patches, spleen, lung and thymus were processed for virological, histopathological and immunohistochemica ... | 2006 | 16952370 |
| toll-like receptor 3 is an essential component of the innate stress response in virus-induced cardiac injury. | enterovirus-induced myocardial injury can lead to severe heart failure. to date, little is known about the early innate stress response that contributes to host defense in the heart. toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) is important in the initiation of the innate antiviral response. we investigated the involvement of tlr3, which recognizes viral double-stranded rna, on encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection. to examine the contribution of tlr3 in protection from emcv infection, we infected mice def ... | 2007 | 16936008 |
| ionic contra-viral therapy (icvt); a new approach to the treatment of dna virus infections. | the sequestration of cellular k(+) has been shown elsewhere to elicit a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. the obligatory, coupled cotransports of na(+), k(+) and cl(-) (nkcc1) and of na(+) and k(+) (nkatpase) effect net cellular k(+) influx. we examined the effects of specific inhibitors of these transports; a cardiac glycoside (digoxin) and a loop diuretic (furosemide) on virus replication in vitro. the replication of the dna viruses, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, human cyto ... | 2006 | 16932984 |
| role of mapk in the regulation of double-stranded rna- and encephalomyocarditis virus-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression by macrophages. | in response to virus infection or treatment with dsrna, macrophages express the inducible form of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) and produce proinflammatory prostaglandins. recently, we have shown that nf-kappab is required for encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv)- and dsrna-stimulated cox-2 expression in mouse macrophages. the dsrna-dependent protein kinase r is not required for emcv-stimulated cox-2 expression, suggesting the presence of protein kinase r-independent pathways in the regulation of this a ... | 2006 | 16920983 |
| the gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) mimetic peptide ifn-gamma (95-133) prevents encephalomyocarditis virus infection both in tissue culture and in mice. | we have demonstrated previously that the c-terminal gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) mimetic peptide consisting of residues 95 to 133 [ifn-gamma(95-133)], which contains the crucial ifn-gamma nuclear localization sequence (nls), has antiviral activity in tissue culture. here we evaluate the efficacy of this peptide and its derivatives first in vitro and then in an animal model of lethal viral infection with the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. deletion of the nls region from the ifn-gamma mimetic p ... | 2006 | 16893996 |
| cd1d mediates t-cell-dependent resistance to secondary infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) in vitro and immune response to emcv infection in vivo. | the innate and adaptive immune responses have evolved distinct strategies for controlling different viral pathogens. encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) is a picornavirus that can cause paralysis, diabetes, and myocarditis within days of infection. the optimal innate immune response against emcv in vivo requires cd1d. interaction of antigen-presenting cell cd1d with distinct natural killer t-cell ("nkt") populations can induce rapid gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) production and nk-cell activation. t ... | 2006 | 16809320 |
| internal ribosome entry sequence-mediated translation initiation triggers nonsense-mediated decay. | in eukaryotes, a surveillance pathway known as nonsense-mediated decay (nmd) regulates the abundance of messenger rnas containing premature termination codons (ptcs). in mammalian cells, it has been asserted that the nmd-relevant first round of translation is special and involves initiation by a specific protein heterodimer, the nuclear cap-binding complex (cbc). arguing against a requirement for cbc-mediated translation initiation, we show that ribosomal recruitment by the internal ribosomal en ... | 2006 | 16799467 |
| inhibition of protein synthesis in cell-free systems from interferon-treated, infected cells: further characterization and effect of formylmethionyl-trna(f). | the translation of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc) rna is markedly inhibited in cell-free systems from interferon-treated, vaccinia virus-infected l-cells (10, 11). the polypeptide products synthesized in response to emc rna in cell-free systems from these and untreated infected cells have been analyzed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. qualitatively, the same emc-specific polypeptides were synthesized throughout. in experiments using preincubated microsomes from normal krebs cells to ... | 1974 | 16789138 |
| blocking of interferon-induced jak-stat signaling by japanese encephalitis virus ns5 through a protein tyrosine phosphatase-mediated mechanism. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev), a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes severe human disease, has been shown to block the interferon (ifn)-induced janus kinase signal transducer and activation of transcription (jak-stat) signaling cascade by preventing tyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation and stat activation. in this study, we demonstrate that expression of the jev nonstructural protein ns5 readily blocked ifn-stimulated jak-stat signaling events such as stat1 nuclear translocation and tyrosine phos ... | 2006 | 16731929 |
| successful implantation of intravenously administered stem cells correlates with severity of inflammation in murine myocarditis. | the present study was designed to determine whether cardiac inflammation is important for the successful homing of stem cells to the heart after intravenous injection in a murine myocarditis model. male bagg albino/c mice were infected with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) to produce myocarditis. subgroups of mice received single injections by tail vein of embryonic stem cells (escs) transfected with green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a marker at days 3, 14, or 60 after infection; other subgrou ... | 2006 | 16715295 |
| essential role of mda-5 in type i ifn responses to polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid and encephalomyocarditis picornavirus. | the innate immune system recognizes viral dsrna through two distinct pathways; the toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) pathway detects dsrna phagocytosed in endosomes; the helicases retinoic acid-induced protein i (rig-i) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (mda-5) detect cytoplasmic dsrna generated during viral replication. both rig-i and mda-5 can bind polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (polyi:c), the synthetic analog of viral dsrna, and mediate type i ifn responses to polyi:c and mult ... | 2006 | 16714379 |
| relevance of inflammatory cell infiltrates for complete atrioventricular block in experimental murine myocarditis. | there are few systemic pathologic studies on myocarditis. this study aimed to clarify the pathologic characteristics of murine myocarditis. | 2006 | 16697926 |
| integrin alpha 11 is a novel type i interferon stimulated gene. | interferons (ifns) are a family of cytokines that have many biological functions in the cell, including regulation of cellular growth, differentiation, immunomodulation, and viral replication by inducing a set of interferon stimulated genes (isgs). based on their structure and biological activities ifns are subdivided into two groups: type i ifns, which includes ifn-alpha and ifn-beta and type ii ifns, represented by ifn-gamma. the aim of this work was to investigate whether integrin alpha 11 (i ... | 2006 | 16697656 |
| lentiviral vectors harboring a dual-gene system allow high and homogeneous transgene expression in selected polyclonal human embryonic stem cells. | genetic modification of human embryonic stem cells (hescs) is highly valuable for their exploitation in basic science and therapeutic applications. here we developed lentiviral vectors (lvs) constitutively expressing a reporter and a selectable marker to enable high and homogeneous transgene expression within polyclonal hescs. lvs carrying gfp and a downstream puromycin resistance gene, linked by the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) or poliovirus internal ribosome entry sites (ires), allowed ho ... | 2006 | 16632408 |
| differential roles of mda5 and rig-i helicases in the recognition of rna viruses. | the innate immune system senses viral infection by recognizing a variety of viral components (including double-stranded (ds)rna) and triggers antiviral responses. the cytoplasmic helicase proteins rig-i (retinoic-acid-inducible protein i, also known as ddx58) and mda5 (melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5, also known as ifih1 or helicard) have been implicated in viral dsrna recognition. in vitro studies suggest that both rig-i and mda5 detect rna viruses and polyinosine-polycytidylic acid ... | 2006 | 16625202 |
| lambda interferon (ifn-lambda), a type iii ifn, is induced by viruses and ifns and displays potent antiviral activity against select virus infections in vivo. | type iii interferons (ifns) (interleukin-28/29 or lambda interferon [ifn-lambda]) are cytokines with ifn-like activities. here we show that several classes of viruses induce expression of ifn-lambda1 and -lambda2/3 in similar patterns. the ifn-lambdas were-unlike alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta)-induced directly by stimulation with ifn-alpha or -lambda, thus identifying type iii ifns as ifn-stimulated genes. in vitro assays revealed that ifn-lambdas have appreciable antiviral activity agai ... | 2006 | 16611910 |
| cardiovirus leader proteins are functionally interchangeable and have evolved to adapt to virus replication fitness. | the leader (l) proteins encoded by picornaviruses of the genus cardiovirus [theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv)] are small proteins thought to exert important functions in virus-host interactions. the l protein of persistent tmev strains was shown to be dispensable for virus replication in vitro, but crucial for long-term persistence of the virus in the central nervous system of the mouse. the phenotype of chimeric viruses generated by exchanging ... | 2006 | 16603526 |
| characterization of a recombinant encephalomyocarditis virus expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein. | a recombinant encephalomyocarditis virus (remcv2887a-egfp) expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) was produced. the egfp gene was inserted in frame within the leader protein coding sequence of a full-length cdna clone of emcv. rna transcripts derived from the recombinant full-length cdna were synthesized in vitro and transfected into bhk-21 cells. the recombinant transcript rna remained infectious despite the insertion of egfp as shown by cytopathic effects on bhk-21 cells and ... | 2006 | 16575480 |
| interferon synthesis in x-irradiated animals v. origin of mouse serum interferon induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and encephalomyocarditis virus. | the radioresistant cell systems producing serum interferon after intravenous administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(i.c)] or encephalomyocarditis virus in mice were studied in rat-to-mouse radiation chimeras. interferon induced by poly(i.c) became of donor type within 3 months after grafting of irradiated c3h/he mice with wistar rat bone marrow cells; this indicated that it was made in cells derived from the hemopoietic system. in contrast, encephalomyocarditis virus-induced int ... | 1974 | 16558083 |
| protection of mice against bacterial infection by interferon inducers. | antibacterial effect of known interferon inducers was investigated. intraperitoneal injection of statolon or pyran markedly enhanced the survival of mice challenged with klebsiella pneumoniae. the sparing effect of these two interferon inducers resembled that of bacterial endotoxin. significant protection was obtained when the inducers were administered 24 hr before challenge. treatments given 6 hr before or at the time of infection were ineffective. the persistence of increased resistance of tr ... | 1970 | 16557727 |
| multicistronic lentiviral vectors containing the fmdv 2a cleavage factor demonstrate robust expression of encoded genes at limiting moi. | a number of gene therapy applications would benefit from vectors capable of expressing multiple genes. in this study we explored the feasibility and efficiency of expressing two or three transgenes in hiv-1 based lentiviral vector. bicistronic and tricistronic self-inactivating lentiviral vectors were constructed employing the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) sequence of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and/or foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) cleavage factor 2a. we employed enhanced gree ... | 2006 | 16539700 |
| destruction of human retinoblastoma after treatment by the e variant of encephalomyocarditis virus. | the oncolytic effects of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus were examined in human retinoblastoma cell (y79) cultures which were infected with 10(4 )tissue culture infectious doses (tcids) of the e variant of emc (emc-e) virus. the tcids were used to titer the maximum effect of emc virus on l-929 cells. in-vitro studies showed 90% cytopathic effect (cpe) at 24 h and 100% cpe at 52 h. the cpe was used to observe pathologic effects of the cells. in-vivo studies employing human retinoblastoma grown a ... | 2006 | 16528457 |
| nucleocytoplasmic traffic disorder induced by cardioviruses. | some picornaviruses, for example, poliovirus, increase bidirectional permeability of the nuclear envelope and suppress active nucleocytoplasmic transport. these activities require the viral protease 2a(pro). here, we studied nucleocytoplasmic traffic in cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv; a cardiovirus), which lacks the poliovirus 2a(pro)-related protein. emcv similarly enhanced bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic traffic. by using the fluorescent "timer" protein, which contains a ... | 2006 | 16501080 |
| [expression of interferon alpha family gene of chinese marmot in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells]. | to investigate the function of interferon alpha (ifnalpha) in a chinese marmot model of hepatitis b, we expressed the chinese marmot (marmota himalayana) ifnalpha family gene (ifna) in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. | 2006 | 16494783 |
| impaired expression of cardiac adiponectin in leptin-deficient mice with viral myocarditis. | a mouse model of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced myocarditis was used to investigate the expression of adiponectin in damaged cardiomyocytes. we intraperitoneally injected emc virus into leptin-deficient ob/ob (ob) mice and wild-type (wt) mice. ob mice were divided into two subgroups consisting of mice with no intervention and mice receiving leptin replacement starting simultaneously with viral inoculation. we determined differences in heart weight, cardiac histological score, numbers o ... | 2006 | 16479046 |
| characterization of a novel bioflocculant, p-kg03, from a marine dinoflagellate, gyrodinium impudicum kg03. | the flocculating activity of an exopolysaccharide, p-kg03, produced by a marine dinoflagellate gyrodinium impudicum kg03 was investigated. the p-kg03 was a highly sulfated exopolysaccharide that showed strong antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and immunostimulating activity by nk cell activation. for the industrial applications of p-kg03, as the bioflocculant agent, p-kg03 showed that more than 90% of the flocculating activity in kaolin suspension occurred at concentrat ... | 2007 | 16473007 |
| estimation of seroprevalence of encephalomyocarditis in dutch sow herds using the virus neutralization test. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) has been found on pig farms worldwide and can cause myocarditis in young pigs and reproduction disorders in sows. so far, clinical signs of emcv have not been reported in the netherlands. the aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of emcv infection in dutch sow herds. a total of 277 dutch sow herds were randomly selected, from which 3237 serum samples were collected. these samples were tested for emcv antibodies using the virus neutralization test ... | 2006 | 16454087 |
| n-terminally pegylated human interferon-beta-1a with improved pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo efficacy in a melanoma angiogenesis model. | pegylation of ifn-alpha has been used successfully to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and efficacy of the drug. to prepare a pegylated form of human interferon-beta-1a (ifn-beta-1a) suitable for testing in vivo, we have synthesized 20 kda mpeg-o-2-methylpropionaldehyde and used it to modify the n-terminal alpha-amino group of the cytokine. the pegylated protein retained approximately 50% of the activity of the unmodified protein and had significantly improved pharmacokinetic properties fo ... | 2006 | 16417267 |
| genetic variability of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) isolates. | in order to evaluate the variability of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), field isolates originating from different european regions and inducing different clinical pictures in pigs have been molecularly characterised. the regions targeted were the poly(c) tract, a part of the 5'-utr (360 nucleotides), the leader gene (201 nucleotides), the complete capsid coding region (2502 nucleotides), the 2a gene (403 nucleotides), the end of the 3d polymerase gene (305 nucleotides) and the 3'-utr (123 nuc ... | 2006 | 16406410 |
| production and characterization of guinea pig recombinant gamma interferon and its effect on macrophage activation. | gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) plays a critical role in the protective immune responses against mycobacteria. we previously cloned a cdna coding for guinea pig ifn-gamma (gpifn-gamma) and reported that bcg vaccination induced a significant increase in the ifn-gamma mrna expression in guinea pig cells in response to living mycobacteria and that the virulent h37rv strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis stimulated less ifn-gamma mrna than did the attenuated h37ra strain. in this study, we successfully ... | 2006 | 16368975 |
| a link between translation of the hepatitis c virus polyprotein and polymerase function; possible consequences for hyperphosphorylation of ns5a. | hyperphosphorylation of ns5a is thought to play a key role in controlling hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna replication. using a tetracycline-regulable baculovirus delivery system to introduce non-culture-adapted hcv replicons into hepg2 cells, we found that a point mutation in the active site of the viral polymerase, ns5b, led to an increase in ns5a hyperphosphorylation. although replicon transcripts lacking elements downstream of ns5a also had altered ns5a hyperphosphorylation, this did not explain ... | 2006 | 16361421 |
| viral safety of nanogam, a new 15 nm-filtered liquid immunoglobulin product. | producers of plasma derivatives continuously improve the viral safety of their products by, for example, introducing additional virus-reducing steps into the manufacturing process. here we present virus-elimination studies undertaken for a number of steps employed in a new manufacturing process for liquid intravenous immunoglobulin (nanogam) that comprises two specific virus-reducing steps: a 15-nm filtration step combined with pepsin treatment at ph 4.4 (ph 4.4/15nf); and solvent-detergent (sd) ... | 2006 | 16359352 |
| antiviral profile of nyctanthes arbortristis l. against encephalitis causing viruses. | the ethanolic extracts, various fractions and two pure compounds isolated from the plant n. arbortris were tested against encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and semliki forest virus (sfv). pronounced in vitro virus inhibitory activity was observed with the ethanolic and n-butanol fractions as well as with the pure compounds arbortristoside a and arbortristoside c. in addition, ethanolic extracts and n-butanol fraction protected emcv infected mice to the extent of 40 and 60% respectively against s ... | 2005 | 16359127 |
| [comparative study of variola virus and monkeypox virus interferon-gamma-binding]. | dna fragments containing genes for coding ifn-gamma-binding proteins (ifngammabps) of variola virus (varv) and monkeypox virus (mpxv) were obtained from viral genomes using pcr. isolated genes coding desired proteins were expressed in the insect sf21 cells using baculovirus expression system. secreted recombinant ifngammabps were isolated from culture medium of infected sf21 cells through affinity chromatography procedure. sds-paag and western blot analysis of culture medium of infected insect c ... | 2005 | 16358743 |
| pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis experimental infection in young piglets: a potential animal model to study viral myocarditis. | the pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis (emc) due to the emc virus (emcv) was studied in 24 piglets oro-nasally infected with the field isolate b279/95. two pigs were kept as negative controls and were euthanised at hour 0. the remaining 24 were euthanised every 6 h up to 78-h post infection (hpi). virus isolation, histological examination and emcv immunodetection were performed on the spleen, intestine, pancreas, liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, lymph nodes, tonsils and brain. emcv was isolated a ... | 2006 | 16336922 |
| pathogenesis of experimental encephalomyocarditis: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and virological study in rats. | rats (n=40) aged 8 weeks were infected, either by oronasal inoculation or by contact, with one of two different myocardial strains of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), namely, the greek strain 424/90 and the belgian strain b279/95. the animals were killed at 11-62 days post-infection (dpi) and samples of brain, heart, pancreas, kidney, peyer's patches, spleen, lung and thymus were processed for virological, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. this experimental infection was in ... | 2006 | 16330040 |
| an efficient mammalian cell-free translation system supplemented with translation factors. | development of an efficient cell-free translation system from mammalian cells is an important goal. we examined whether supplementation of hela cell extracts with any translation initiation factor or translational regulator could enhance protein synthesis. eif2 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2) and eif2b augmented translation of capped, uncapped and encephalomyocarditis virus-internal ribosome entry site-promoted mrnas. eif4e specifically stimulated capped mrna translation, while p97, ... | 2006 | 16289705 |
| micrornas control translation initiation by inhibiting eukaryotic initiation factor 4e/cap and poly(a) tail function. | micrornas (mirnas) repress translation of target mrnas by interaction with partially mismatched sequences in their 3' utr. the mechanism by which they act on translation has remained largely obscure. we examined the translation of mrnas containing four partially mismatched mirna-binding sites in the 3' utr in hela cells cotransfected with a cognate mirna. the mrnas were prepared by in vitro transcription and were engineered to employ different modes of translation initiation. we find that the 5' ... | 2005 | 16287976 |
| eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e availability controls the switch between cap-dependent and internal ribosomal entry site-mediated translation. | translation of m7g-capped cellular mrnas is initiated by recruitment of ribosomes to the 5' end of mrnas via eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4f (eif4f), a heterotrimeric complex comprised of a cap-binding subunit (eif4e) and an rna helicase (eif4a) bridged by a scaffolding molecule (eif4g). internal translation initiation bypasses the requirement for the cap and eif4e and occurs on viral and cellular mrnas containing internal ribosomal entry sites (iress). here we demonstrate that eif4e ... | 2005 | 16287867 |
| infections and autoimmune diseases. | the high percentage of disease-discordant pairs of monozygotic twins demonstrates the central role of environmental factors in the etiology of autoimmune diseases. efforts were first focussed on the search for triggering factors. the study of animal models has clearly shown that infections may trigger autoimmune diseases, as in the case of coxsackie b4 virus in type i diabetes and the encephalomyocarditis virus in autoimmune myositis, two models in which viruses are thought to act by increasing ... | 2005 | 16278064 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of novel anomeric branched carbocyclic nucleosides. | novel anomeric branched carbocyclic nucleosides were synthesized from 1,3-dihydroxy acetone. 4'-hydroxymethyl was installed by [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement reaction and 1'-methyl group was introduced by carbonyl addition of methylmagnesium bromide. the coupling of nucleosidic bases and desilylation afforded a series of novel nucleosides. the synthesized compounds 16-19 were evaluated for their antiviral activity against hiv-1, hsv-1, hsv-2, and emcv. compounds 16 and 19 exhibit toxicity non-r ... | 2005 | 16276962 |
| control of myeov protein synthesis by upstream open reading frames. | the myeov gene has been isolated by the tumorigenicity assay and is localized at chromosome 11q13, a frequent site for chromosomal rearrangements in various carcinomas and b-cell neoplasms. in addition, myeov is coamplified with cyclin d1 and overexpressed in carcinomas of various organs. the mechanisms of myeov regulation remain enigmatic. the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) of the myeov gene is long, encompasses several upstream augs, and is predicted to fold in a strong secondary structure, s ... | 2006 | 16275643 |
| polyclonal antibodies against a structure mimicking the covalent linkage unit between picornavirus rna and vpg: an immunochemical study. | we propose that therapy of patients with anticancer drugs that poison dna topoisomerases induces formation of covalent complexes of cellular rnas and dna topoisomerases. the appearance of these complexes can be detected with antibodies against a synthetic hapten mimicking the covalent linkage unit tyr-pu(p) of picornavirus rna and vpg. we synthesized hapten [n(ac),co(nh2)]tyr-(5 p --> o)up-o-(ch2)6nh2, conjugated it with bsa, and immunized rabbits with the antigen obtained. the raised polyclonal ... | 2005 | 16266277 |
| production of anti-cd2 chimeric antibody by recombinant animal cells. | expression vectors for chimeric anti-cd2 antibody were constructed in order to clarify the importance of the expression ratio of heavy (h-) and light (l-) chains of antibody to antibody production in animal cells. the antibody genes were introduced into cells using plasmid dna vectors or replication-defective retroviral vectors. productivity was maximal when the expression ratio of h-and l-chains was 1:1, and decreased when the ratio was not equal. we also examined the expression of antibody usi ... | 2004 | 16233709 |
| inducible control of transgene expression with ecdysone receptor: gene switches with high sensitivity, robust expression, and reduced size. | the ecdysone receptor (ecr)-based gene regulation system is a tool for controlling gene expression. to improve the sensitivity of this system, we evaluated many two-hybrid format synthetic gene constructs in which the gal4 dna binding domain was fused to the ligand binding domain of the choristoneura fumiferana ecr mutant v390i/y410e (gevy), and various activation domains--vp16, p53, p65, or e2f-i--were fused to the ef domains of chimeric human rxr. these gene switches were assayed in nih3t3 cel ... | 2005 | 16116792 |
| inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 enhances myocardial damage in a mouse model of viral myocarditis. | to determine critical role of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) for development of viral myocarditis, a mouse model of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced myocarditis was used. the virus was intraperitoneally given to cox-2 gene-deficient heterozygote mice (cox-2+/-) and wild-type mice (wt). we examined differences in heart weights, cardiac histological scores, numbers of infiltrating or apoptotic cells in myocardium, cardiac expression levels of cox-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), and adipone ... | 2005 | 16107267 |
| down-regulation of p53 by double-stranded rna modulates the antiviral response. | p53 has been well characterized as a tumor suppressor gene, but its role in antiviral defense remains unclear. a recent report has demonstrated that p53 can be induced by interferons and is activated after vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) infection. we observed that different nononcogenic viruses, including encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), induced down-regulation of p53 in infected cells. double-stranded rna (dsrna) and a mutant vaccinia virus lacki ... | 2005 | 16103161 |
| the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (ptb) is required for efficient replication of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna. | our earlier work found that the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (ptb) specifically interacts with the poly(u/c) tract of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) 3' untranslated region (3'utr) [luo, g., 1999. cellular proteins bind to the poly(u) tract of the 3' untranslated region of hepatitis c virus rna genome. virology 256, 105-118]. we report here that the phosphorylated form of ptb is associated with the membrane-bound hcv replication complex. to determine whether the ptb is required for hcv rna r ... | 2006 | 16102869 |
| effect of n-acetylcystein on butyrate-treated chinese hamster ovary cells to improve the production of recombinant human interferon-beta-1a. | sodium butyrate (nabu) is used as a productivity enhancer for the production of therapeutic recombinant proteins in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. however, nabu is well-known for having a cytotoxic effect, thereby inducing apoptosis. as an endeavor to reduce this defect, we studied 11 antioxidants known for inhibiting apoptosis, according to a plackett-burman statistical design on cho cells producing recombinant interferon-beta-1a (ifn-beta). none of the antioxidants that we tested were as e ... | 2005 | 16080696 |
| co-expression of the complement regulatory proteins human daf and cd59 with an ires-mediated dicistronic mammalian vector enhances their cell protective effects. | the human complement regulatory proteins (hcrps) decay accelerating factor (daf/cd55) and protectin cd59 transfected into non-human cells could confer protection against human complement. the combination of daf and cd59 would be an effective strategy to help overcome host complement-induced hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation. we constructed a dicistronic mammalian expression vector pcdna3-cd59iresdaf by using the internal ribosomal entry sites (ires) of the encephalomyocarditis virus (e ... | 2005 | 16077947 |
| encephalomyocarditis virus induces pkr-independent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in macrophages. | in this study, we provide evidence that the double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase (pkr) is not required for virus-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) or the activation of specific signaling pathways in macrophages. the infection of raw264.7 cells with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) induces inos expression and nitric oxide production, which are unaffected by a dominant-negative mutant of pkr. emcv infection also activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase, cy ... | 2005 | 16051816 |
| encepalomyocarditis virus-induced apoptosis and ultrastructural changes in the lacrimal and parotid glands of mice. | development of acinar cell apoptosis and ultrastructural changes in the exorbital lacrimal and parotid glands was examined in dba/2 mice infected with 10(2) pfu/mouse of emc-d virus. pyknotic acinar cells, most of which were positive for tunel and cleaved caspase-3 and had ultrastructural characteristics of apoptotic cells, developed earlier and were more frequently observed in the parotid gland than in the exorbital lacrimal gland, while the total damage of acinar cells and interstitial infiltr ... | 2006 | 16038897 |
| use of animal models for space flight physiology studies, with special focus on the immune system. | animal models have been used to study the effects of space flight on physiological systems. the animal models have been used because of the limited availability of human subjects for studies to be carried out in space as well as because of the need to carry out experiments requiring samples and experimental conditions that cannot be performed using humans. experiments have been carried out in space using a variety of species, and included developmental biology studies. these species included rat ... | 2005 | 16038091 |
| encephalomyocarditis in monkeys. | this paper presents the results of studies of a spontaneous viral infection in monkeys--encephalomyocarditis caused by encephalomyocarditis virus. the infection first detected in the sukhumi breeding center in 1974 was observed in the adler breeding center since 2001. the characteristics of the virus are described and principles of diagnostic by the results of pathologic studies are presented. | 2005 | 16027852 |
| [expression of target gene in eukaryotic cells driven by prokaryotic t7 promoter and its rna polymerase]. | to enhance the efficiency of the expression of target gene in eukaryotic cells, one of the strongest prokaryotic expression systems, the t7 rna polymerase and t7 promoter, was introduced into eukaryotic cells. a duel-plasmid gene expression system of t7 bacteriophage components was developed; one containing the t7 phage rna polymerase gene under the control of eukaryotic promoter cmv (pcmv-t7pol) and the other (pt7ires) containing the t7 promoter and t7 terminator as well as emcv ires. to test t ... | 2005 | 16013472 |
| complete atrioventricular block in experimental murine myocarditis. | there were few reports on the pathological characteristics of the conduction system in myocarditis. this study was aimed to clarify the pathological characteristics of complete atrioventricular (av) block in myocarditis. | 2005 | 16003707 |
| comparison of impact of emcv replication on the nuclear apparatus of nih 3t3 and hep-2 cells. | we have investigated differences between the actions of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) on cytometric indices in cultured nih 3t3 and hep-2 cells, which are characterized by different levels of transformation. hep-2 cells surviving 48 h after emcv infection showed lower nuclear ploidy, reduced nuclear area, fewer nucleoli and a higher percentage of euploid cells. there was a significant increase of nucleolar/nuclear dna 6-24 h after emcv infection. however, emcv had markedly different effects ... | 2005 | 15996489 |
| the occurrence of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) in european pigs from 1990 to 2001. | the occurrence of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) among domestic pigs and wild boar in several european countries is described and discussed. from 1990 to 2001 clinical outbreaks were analysed and serum samples, partly from existing screening programmes, were tested for antibodies against emcv. most clinical emcv outbreaks were reported in belgium (320), followed by italy (110), greece (15) and cyprus (6). the outbreaks appeared to be clustered in 'endemic areas' with an increase in outbreaks ... | 2005 | 15962562 |
| genetic and pharmacologic evidence that calcium-independent phospholipase a2beta regulates virus-induced inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression by macrophages. | recent evidence supports a regulatory role for the calcium-independent phospholipase a2 (ipla2) in the antiviral response of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (inos) expression by macrophages. because two mammalian isoforms of ipla2 (ipla2beta and ipla2gamma) have been cloned and characterized, the aim of this study was to identify the specific isoform(s) in macrophages that regulates the expression of inos in response to virus infection. bromoenol lactone (bel), a suicide substrate inhibitor of i ... | 2005 | 15946940 |
| effects of lyophilization on the infectivity of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses in bone tissue. | recently reported qualitative experiments proved that retroviral infectivity is not destroyed by lyophilization performed on systemically infected bone and tendon. the now accomplished quantitative determination of residual infectivity for enveloped and non-enveloped viruses allows a validation of the production process regarding viral safety in freeze-dried bone transplants. the lyophilization effect on the infectivity of two non-enveloped viruses (maus elberfeld virus, mev; porcine parvovirus, ... | 2005 | 15946737 |
| viral infectivity is maintained by an rna protection buffer. | rna stabilization buffers are valuable additives which are used widely. although their effect on rna protection has been well assessed, the impact on viral infectivity was unsettled. the potential stabilizing or inactivating effects of rnalater (qiagen) on the infectivity of different relevant and model viruses including hiv were assessed. our results show that rnalater not only protects rna as published by others but also stabilizes virus infectivity of enveloped and non-enveloped model viruses ... | 2005 | 15936833 |
| in vitro expression and analysis of secreted fowlpox virus cc chemokine-like proteins fpv060, fpv061, fpv116 and fpv121. | the four cc chemokine-like proteins (fpv060, fpv061, fpv116 and fpv121) of fowlpox virus (fwpv) were over-expressed as his-tagged versions from a t7 promoter/emcv ires construct in vitro, by coupled transcription/translation, or in cell culture, by co-infection with two recombinant fwpvs (one expressing the chemokine-like protein and one expressing t7 rna polymerase). all, except fpv116, appeared to be glycosylated in the presence of microsomal membranes in vitro. in culture, all were secreted ( ... | 2005 | 15931460 |