Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| role of nestling mourning doves and house finches as amplifying hosts of st. louis encephalitis virus. | nestling mourning doves and house finches produced elevated viremias after inoculation with 2-3 log10 plaque-forming units (pfu) of st louis encephalitis (sle) virus and infected 67 and 70% of culex tarsalis coquillett that engorged upon them, respectively. mosquito infection rates as well as the quantity of virus produced after extrinsic incubation increased as a function of the quantity of virus ingested and peaked during days 3-5 postinoculation in mourning doves and days 2-4 in house finches ... | 2004 | 15535629 |
| post-infectious encephalomyelitis associated with st. louis encephalitis virus infection. | neurologic illness associated with acute st. louis encephalitis, west nile, and japanese encephalitis virus infection includes acute aseptic meningitis, encephalomyelitis, and a poliomyelitis-like syndrome. few post-infectious immune-mediated neurologic events associated with flaviviral infection have been reported. the authors report on a woman with apparent post-infectious encephalomyelitis associated with recent st. louis encephalitis virus infection, suggesting that neurologic illness from f ... | 2004 | 15534266 |
| detection of antibodies to west nile and saint louis encephalitis viruses in horses. | 2004 | 15521520 | |
| noninfectious recombinant antigen for detection of st. louis encephalitis virus-specific antibodies in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | proper surveillance of virus activity and a timely response to viral outbreaks depend upon the rapid diagnosis of viral infections. the immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (mac-elisa) is a fast, sensitive test routinely used for the diagnosis of the medically important west nile and st. louis encephalitis flaviviruses. however, the suckling mouse brain-derived (smb) antigen used in this assay is tedious to prepare and has a risk of exposing personnel to live ... | 2004 | 15472331 |
| effect of interferon-alpha2b therapy on st. louis viral meningoencephalitis: clinical and laboratory results of a pilot study. | the safety and potential efficacy of interferon (ifn)-alpha2b were determined for 15 patients during an outbreak of meningoencephalitis due to st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus. clinical and laboratory results were compared with those of 17 untreated patients who were admitted to the same hospital during this nonrandomized preliminary trial. quadriplegia, quadriparesis, or respiratory insufficiency persisted after the first week of hospitalization, for 11 of 17 untreated patients and for only 2 ... | 2004 | 15319857 |
| blinded laboratory comparison of the in situ enzyme immunoassay, the vectest wicking assay, and a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay to detect mosquitoes infected with west nile and st. louis encephalitis viruses. | a blinded laboratory evaluation compared the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of an in situ enzyme immunoassay (eia), vectest wicking assay, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect and distinguish west nile (wn) and st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses in pools of 50 mosquitoes. adult female culex tarsalis coquillett were inoculated with either wn or sle viruses, held for 0-11 d at 28 degrees c, killed by freezing, and then were added to 49 or 48 uninfected m ... | 2004 | 15311443 |
| the 2002 introduction of west nile virus into harris county, texas, an area historically endemic for st. louis encephalitis. | harris county, texas, is an endemic area of st. louis encephalitis (sle); and an active surveillance program that monitors sle virus activity in mosquitoes, birds, and humans has been in place there for the past 28 years. in june of 2002, west nile (wn) virus appeared in houston and quickly spread throughout the region. this report describes the results of 12 years of sle surveillance in harris county and the contrasting pattern of wn virus activity, when it arrived in 2002. our data indicate th ... | 2004 | 15211013 |
| seasonal forecast of st. louis encephalitis virus transmission, florida. | disease transmission forecasts can help minimize human and domestic animal health risks by indicating where disease control and prevention efforts should be focused. for disease systems in which weather-related variables affect pathogen proliferation, dispersal, or transmission, the potential for disease forecasting exists. we present a seasonal forecast of st. louis encephalitis virus transmission in indian river county, florida. we derive an empiric relationship between modeled land surface we ... | 2004 | 15200812 |
| mosquito and arbovirus activity during 1997-2002 in a wetland in northeastern mississippi. | the species composition and population dynamics of adult mosquitoes in a wetland near iuka, ms, were analyzed over a 6-yr period (1997-2002) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection rates of arboviruses determined during five of those years. blood meals of three likely vector species were identified using a pcr-based method that allows identification of the host to species. culex erraticus (dyar & knab) composed 51.9% of the population during the 6-yr period with 295 f ... | 2004 | 15185956 |
| encephalitis virus persistence in california birds: experimental infections in mourning doves (zenaidura macroura). | after-hatching and hatching year, mourning doves were infected by inoculation with either western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) or st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses; some birds in each group also were treated with the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide before and during infection. cyclophosphamide treatment significantly increased the wee viremia but did not alterthe antibody response. in contrast, cyclophosphamide-treated and -untreated doves did not develop a detectable sle viremia but bec ... | 2004 | 15185951 |
| use of a recombinant envelope protein subunit antigen for specific serological diagnosis of west nile virus infection. | serological diagnosis of west nile virus (wnv) infection is complicated by extensive antigenic cross-reactivity with other closely related flaviviruses, such as st. louis encephalitis virus. here we describe a recombinant, bacterially expressed antigen equivalent to structural domain iii of the wnv envelope protein that has allowed clear discrimination of antibody responses to wnv from those against other related flaviviruses in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using standardized cont ... | 2004 | 15184463 |
| wild terrestrial rainforest mammals as potential reservoirs for flaviviruses (yellow fever, dengue 2 and st louis encephalitis viruses) in french guiana. | a serological survey for yellow fever virus (yfv), dengue 2 virus (denv-2), and st louis encephalitis virus (slev) was undertaken using a seroneutralization technique in 27 wild forest mammal species (574 individuals) in french guiana. evidence of yellow fever infection was observed in 10 species, with high prevalence recorded in howler monkey (18%) and agouti (20%). antibodies against denv-2 and slev were found sporadically in various species. this potential host diversity and the range of pote ... | 2004 | 15138077 |
| host feeding patterns of established and potential mosquito vectors of west nile virus in the eastern united states. | an important variable in determining the vectorial capacity of mosquito species for arthropod-borne infections is the degree of contact of the vector and the vertebrate reservoir. this parameter can be estimated by examining the host-feeding habits of vectors. serological and polymerase chain reaction based methods have been used to study the host-feedings patterns of 21 mosquito species from new york, new jersey, and tennessee, 19 of which previously have been found infected with west nile viru ... | 2004 | 15018775 |
| prevalence of antibodies against saint louis encephalitis and jamestown canyon viruses in california horses. | jamestown canyon (jc) and saint louis encephalitis (sle) viruses are mosquito-transmitted viruses that have long been present in california. the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of these two viruses in horses prior to the introduction of west nile (wn) virus. approximately 15% of serum samples collected in 1998 from 425 horses on 44 equine operations horses throughout california had serum antibodies to jc virus, whereas antibodies were not detected to sle virus. the re ... | 2004 | 15001316 |
| effect of multiple inoculations on interference between st. louis encephalitis virus and equine encephalomyelitis virus. | 1952 | 14949023 | |
| the effect of st. louis encephalitis virus on transplantable crocker mouse sarcoma 180. | 1951 | 14821934 | |
| experimental infection of california birds with western equine encephalomyelitis and st. louis encephalitis viruses. | a total of 27 bird species from the san joaquin and coachella valleys of california were inoculated subcutaneously with sympatric strains of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) and st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses. overall, 133 of 164 birds inoculated with wee virus developed a viremia detected by plaque assay; significantly greater than 72 of 163 birds inoculated with sle virus. host competence was calculated as the average number of days that each avian species had a viremia > or = 2 lo ... | 2003 | 14765678 |
| serologic evidence of west nile virus infection in black bears (ursus americanus) from new jersey. | serum samples obtained from 51 free-ranging black bears (ursus americanus) in northwestern new jersey in february and march 2002 were analyzed for neutralizing antibodies to west nile virus (wnv) and st. louis encephalitis virus. three (6%) of the black bears tested positive for wnv-neutralizing antibodies. one additional sample was positive for flavivirus-neutralizing antibodies but could not be differentiated for a specific virus type. this is the first report of wnv infection in black bears. | 2003 | 14733286 |
| formalin-inactivated whole virus and recombinant subunit flavivirus vaccines. | the flaviviridae is a family of arthropod-borne, enveloped, rna viruses that contain important human pathogens such as yellow fever (yf), japanese encephalitis (je), tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), west nile (wn), and the dengue (den) viruses. vaccination is the most effective means of disease prevention for these viral infections. a live-attenuated vaccine for yf, and inactivated vaccines for je and tbe have significantly reduced the incidence of disease for these viruses, while licensed vaccine ... | 2003 | 14714438 |
| epidemiology of st. louis encephalitis virus. | 2003 | 14714432 | |
| sensitivity of the vectest antigen assay for eastern equine encephalitis and western equine encephalitis viruses. | vectest assays for detecting eastern equine encephalitis virus (eee) and western equine encephalitis virus (wee) antigen in mosquito pools were evaluated to determine their sensitivity and specificity by using a range of eee, wee, st. louis encephalitis virus (sle), and west nile virus (wn) dilutions as well as individual and pooled mosquitoes containing eee or wee. the eee test produced reliable positive results with samples containing > or = 5.3 log10 plaque-forming units (pfu) of eee/ml, and ... | 2003 | 14710752 |
| st. louis encephalitis virus in wild birds during the 1990 south florida epidemic: the importance of drought, wetting conditions, and the emergence of culex nigripalpus (diptera: culicidae) to arboviral amplification and transmission. | we analyzed the prevalence of hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibodies to st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus in wild birds during the 1990 sle epidemic in indian river county. the initial presence of sle hi antibody was associated significantly with modeled drought 15 wk prior, wetting conditions 1 wk prior, and the emergence of the florida sle virus vector, culex nigripalpus, 5 wk prior. our findings indicated that three factors conspired to create the 1990 epidemic: (1) a large population o ... | 2003 | 14680125 |
| serologic diagnosis of west nile virus infection. | the epidemic of west nile virus (wnv) in the usa in 2002 represents the largest outbreak of meningoencephalitis in the western hemisphere ever reported. besides natural transmission by mosquitoes, five new modes of wnv transmission to humans have been reported: blood transfusion, organ transplantation, transplacental transmission, breastfeeding and laboratory-acquired infection. the recognition of these new transmission routes has made the development of rapid and accurate serological diagnosis ... | 2003 | 14628901 |
| west nile virus detection in american crows. | 2003 | 14609472 | |
| west nile virus transmission in resident birds, dominican republic. | 2003 | 14609467 | |
| occlusive vasculitis in a patient with concomitant west nile virus infection. | to describe a patient with occlusive, retinal vasculitis and concomitant, confirmed, acute west nile virus (wnv) infection. | 2003 | 14597052 |
| a system of protein target sequences for anti-rna-viral chemotherapy by a vitamin b6-derived zinc-chelating trioxa-adamantane-triol. | the synthesis of the structurally unusual heterotricyclic compound 1-[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinyl]-2,8,9-trioxaadamantane-3,5,7-triol (trivially named bananin, bn) from pyridoxylidenephloroglucinol and a theoretical prospect on possible biological activities of bn are presented in this report. pyridoxylidenephloroglucinol is synthesized by knoevenagel condensation of the vitamin b6 aldehyde pyridoxal with phloroglucinol. pyridoxylidenephloroglucinol rearranges to light-yello ... | 2003 | 14527557 |
| community infection with st. louis encephalitis virus. serologic study of the 1964 epidemic in houston. | 1965 | 14310326 | |
| st. louis encephalitis virus in jamaican birds. | 1965 | 14270457 | |
| serologic epidemiology of western equine and st. louis encephalitis virus infection in california. ii. analysis of inapparent infections in residents of an endemic area. | 1965 | 14246080 | |
| the first isolation of st. louis encephalitis virus from mosquitoes in florida. | 1964 | 14232042 | |
| studies on transovarial transmission of st. louis encephalitis virus by culex quinquefasciatus say. | 1964 | 14215836 | |
| isolations of st. louis encephalitis virus from domestic pigeons, columba livia. | 1964 | 14159988 | |
| the isolation of st. louis encephalitis virus from culex nigrlpalpus mosquitoes in jamaica. | 1964 | 14159984 | |
| st. louis encephalitis virus isolations in trinidad, west indies, 1953-1962. | 1964 | 14159983 | |
| isolation of st. louis encephalitis virus from arthropods in par'a, brazil. | 1964 | 14159982 | |
| serologic epidemiology of western equine and st. louis encephalitis virus infection in california. i. persistence of complement-fixing antibody following clinical illness. | 1964 | 14114351 | |
| trans-stadial passage of st. louis encephalitis virus in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | 1962 | 13880621 | |
| the multiplication of st. louis encephalitis virus in two species of mosquitoes: culex quinque-fasciatus say and culex pipiens linnaeus. | 1959 | 13835549 | |
| isolation of st. louis encephalitis virus from the blood of a child in trinidad, w.i. | 1959 | 13833236 | |
| st. louis encephalitis virus in mosquitoes. | 1959 | 13809061 | |
| effect of beta-propiolactone on complement-fixing antigens of st. louis encephalitis virus. | 1957 | 13432007 | |
| the relationship of the epidemic keratoconjunctivitis virus of sanders to the st. louis encephalitis virus. | 1957 | 13411133 | |
| multiplication of st. louis encephalitis virus in mice exposed to roentgen radiation. | 1956 | 13279127 | |
| propagation of st. louis encephalitis virus in cells of the ehrlich ascitic tumor of mice. | 1953 | 13120899 | |
| polyradiculopathy in man produced by st. louis encephalitis virus (sle). | 1953 | 13076770 | |
| the hemagglutinin of st. louis encephalitis virus. iii. properties of normal inhibitors and specific antibody; use of hemagglutination-inhibition for diagnosis of infection. | 1953 | 13035120 | |
| the hemagglutinin of st. louis encephalitis virus. ii. physico-chemical properties and nature of its reaction with erythrocytes. | 1953 | 13035119 | |
| the hemagglutinin of st. louis encephalitis virus. i. recovery of stable hemagglutinin from the brains of infected mice. | 1953 | 13035118 | |
| effect of pregnancy upon the immunity of mice vaccinated against st. louis encephalitis virus. | 1952 | 13011696 | |
| interference between st. louis encephalitis virus and western equine encephalomyelitis virus along a neuronal pathway. | 1952 | 12981275 | |
| immunoassay targeting nonstructural protein 5 to differentiate west nile virus infection from dengue and st. louis encephalitis virus infections and from flavivirus vaccination. | west nile virus (wnv) is an emerging flavivirus that has caused frequent epidemics since 1996. besides natural transmission by mosquitoes, wnv can also be transmitted through blood transfusion and organ transplantation, thus heightening the urgency of development of a specific and rapid serologic assay of wnv infection. the current immunoassays lack specificity because they are based on detection of antibodies against wnv structural proteins and immune responses to structural proteins among flav ... | 2003 | 12958248 |
| previous infection protects house finches from re-infection with st. louis encephalitis virus. | antibody titers against st. louis encephalitis virus (sle) measured by a plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt) decreased rapidly in house finches (capodacus mexicanus) after initial infection, whereas antibodies measured by enzyme immunoassay (eia) remained detectable in all birds for the length of the experiment, indicating long-term persistence and greater assay sensitivity of the eia. after 52 wk, birds were challenged by subcutaneous inoculation with the same strain of sle virus. virus ... | 2003 | 12943108 |
| serologic evidence of west nile virus infection in horses, yucatan state, mexico. | serum samples were obtained from 252 horses in the state of yucatan, mexico, from july to october 2002. antibodies to west nile virus were detected by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in three (1.2%) horses and confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test. we report the first west nile virus activity in the state of yucatan. | 2003 | 12890328 |
| serologic evidence of west nile virus infection in horses, coahuila state, mexico. | serum samples were obtained from 24 horses in the state of coahuila, mexico, in december 2002. antibodies to west nile virus were detected by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test in 15 (62.5%) horses. we report the first west nile virus activity in northern mexico. | 2003 | 12890327 |
| viral meningitis and encephalitis: traditional and emerging viral agents. | in the united states, the annual number of central nervous system (cns) infections that occur as a result of viral agents far exceeds that of infections caused by bacteria, yeast, molds, and protozoa combined. the recent incursion of west nile virus (wnv) into north america has led to a dramatic change in the incidence and epidemiology of summer-associated viral cns disease. as a result of increased testing for wnv, lesser known viral causes of cns infection have been identified. even the epidem ... | 2003 | 12881794 |
| experimental transmission of st. louis encephalitis virus by ochlerotatus j. japonicus. | ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus a newly discovered nonindigenous mosquito species in north america, and a colonized strain of culex pipiens were compared for their vector competence for st. louis encephalitis virus (sle). infection rates in oc. j. japonicus were 0-33% after feeding on chickens with viremias between 10(4.1) and 10(4.7) plaque-forming units (pfu)/ml of blood. in comparison, infection rates were 12-94% for cx. pipiens that fed on the same chickens. when fed on chickens with viremi ... | 2003 | 12825669 |
| [another case of west nile fever in the netherlands: a man with encephalitis following a trip to canada]. | shortly after his return to the netherlands from a trip to ontario, a part of canada where infection with west-nile virus has been reported, a 69-year-old man became increasingly confused and generally unwell, accompanied by fever. the clinical picture was compatible with viral encephalitis and this was supported by eeg findings and the results of the cerebrospinal-fluid examination. mri of the brain did not contribute to the diagnosis. the patient was treated with aciclovir because herpes simpl ... | 2003 | 12784533 |
| case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 17-2003. a 38-year-old woman with fever, headache, and confusion. | 2003 | 12773652 | |
| vector competence of culex tarsalis from orange county, california, for west nile virus. | to evaluate the vector competence of culex tarsalis coquillett for west nile virus (wn), females reared from larvae collected in huntington beach, orange county, ca, were fed on 2-3-day-old chickens previously inoculated with a new york strain (crow 397-99) of wn. the cx. tarsalis mosquitoes were efficient laboratory vectors of wn, with estimated transmission rates of 81% and 91% for mosquitoes that ingested 10(6.5) or 10(7.3) plaque-forming units of wn/ml of blood, respectively. based on effici ... | 2002 | 12737548 |
| detection of anti-west nile virus immunoglobulin m in chicken serum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the emergence of west nile (wn) virus in new york and the surrounding area in 1999 prompted an increase in surveillance measures throughout the united states, including the screening of sentinel chicken flocks for antibodies. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of chicken immunoglobulin m (igm) to wn virus was developed, standardized, and characterized as a rapid and sensitive means to detect wn viral antibodies in sentinel flocks. serum specimens from experimentally i ... | 2003 | 12734241 |
| simulation studies of st. louis encephalitis and west nile viruses: the impact of bird mortality. | west nile virus (wnv) has spread through much of the eastern united states following its introduction in 1999, and arrived in florida in 2001. prior to its arrival, we anticipated that its transmission cycle was likely to be similar to that of st. louis encephalitis virus (slev). however, high levels of avian mortality have been reported for wnv in the northeastern united states, and it was unknown how this would impact the transmission dynamics of wnv. simulation models were used to compare the ... | 2001 | 12653130 |
| simulation studies of st. louis encephalitis virus in south florida. | two simulation models were used to investigate the epidemiology of st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) in south florida, one including sentinel hosts (chickens) and amplification hosts (wild birds), while the other one included age structure in the amplification host population. the overall population size of the vector, culex nigripalpus, was a major factor in the likelihood of epizootics for both models, but the seasonal dynamics of the vector alone did not explain variation in transmission. i ... | 2001 | 12653129 |
| antibody and interleukin-12 treatment in murine models of encephalitogenic flavivirus (st. louis encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis) and alphavirus (venezuelan equine encephalitis) infection. | early and sustained treatment with interleukin-12 (il-12) ameliorated disease in a mouse model of infection with the encephalitogenic flavivirus, st. louis encephalitis virus (slev, japanese encephalitis serogroup). however, this effect was not reproduced in murine infections with either the flavivirus tick-bore encephalitis virus (tbev) or the alphavirus venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev). il-12 exacerbated tbev disease when used in conjunction with monoclonal antibody (mab), suggestin ... | 2003 | 12639298 |
| epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of serum antibodies to west nile virus in multiple avian species. | we report the development of epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for the rapid detection of serum antibodies to west nile virus (wnv) in taxonomically diverse north american avian species. a panel of flavivirus-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was tested in blocking assays with serum samples from wnv-infected chickens and crows. selected mabs were further tested against serum samples from birds that represented 16 species and 10 families. serum samples were collecte ... | 2003 | 12624027 |
| st. louis encephalitis in argentina: the first case reported in the last seventeen years. | 2003 | 12604006 | |
| wicking assays for the rapid detection of west nile and st. louis encephalitis viral antigens in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | the recent outbreaks of west nile (wn) encephalitis and st. louis encephalitis (sle) in the united states have highlighted the need for rapid and specific methods of detecting arboviral antigens in mosquitoes. we evaluated rapid, field-usable assays for detecting and differentiating wn and sle viruses in mosquito pools, based on a patent-pending, immunochromatographic technology (vectest) formatted on a dipstick. the device provides results in less than 20 min and can be used in laboratories wit ... | 2003 | 12597660 |
| the extent of homologous recombination in members of the genus flavivirus. | the family flaviviridae includes important human pathogens, such as dengue (den) virus, yellow fever (yf) virus and hepatitis c virus, many of which have emerged or re-emerged in recent years. until recently, flavivirus evolution was thought to proceed in a clonal manner, with diversity generated mainly through the accumulation of mutational changes. however, this assumption has now been shown to be invalid, with homologous recombination demonstrated in all three genera of the flaviviridae: sinc ... | 2003 | 12560576 |
| st. louis encephalitis outbreak in louisiana in 2001. | a description of the st. louis encephalitis (sle) outbreak in northeast louisiana is presented. in the fall of 2001 there were 63 cases of st. louis encephalitis in monroe and west monroe and seven additional cases in the neighboring parishes of richland, morehouse and franklin. all cases had a clinical presentation of encephalitis and were confirmed serologically. clinically most cases presented with fever, meningitis syndrome with altered mental status. tremors were common (56% of cases). ther ... | 2002 | 12517026 |
| vector competence of california mosquitoes for west nile virus. | to identify the mosquito species competent for west nile virus (wnv) transmission, we evaluated 10 california species that are known vectors of other arboviruses or major pests: culex tarsalis, cx. pipiens pipiens, cx. p. quinquefasciatus, cx. stigmatosoma, cx. erythrothorax, ochlerotatus dorsalis, oc. melanimon, oc. sierrensis, aedes vexans, and culiseta inornata. all 10 became infected and were able to transmit wnv at some level. ochlerotatus, culiseta, and aedes were low to moderately efficie ... | 2002 | 12498652 |
| temporal and geographic genetic variation in culex nigripalpus theobald (culicidae: diptera), a vector of st. louis encephalitis virus, from florida. | a field population of culex (culex) nigripalpus theobald from vero beach, fl sampled monthly over a period of 24 mo, a colony sample and 10 geographic samples were analyzed for genetic variation at 14 enzyme loci using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the cx. nigripalpus colony sample showed significantly lower genetic variation than the field-collected samples, measured by mean number of alleles per locus (colony 1.4 +/- 0.1 versus field 2.1 +/- 0.22), percentage of polymorphic loci (colony ... | 2002 | 12495183 |
| persistence and amplification of st. louis encephalitis virus in the coachella valley of california, 2000-2001. | the introduction of a st. louis encephalitis virus (sle) genotype new to southeastern california during 2000 was followed by focal enzootic amplification in the coachella valley that was detected by seroconversions of 29 sentinel chickens in five of nine flocks of 10 chickens each, isolations of virus from 30 of 538 pools of 50 culex tarsalis coquillett females, and collection of 30 positive sera from 2,205 wild birds. this sle strain over wintered successfully and then amplified during the summ ... | 2002 | 12349864 |
| isolation of st. louis encephalitis virus from bats (tadarida b. mexicana) in texas. | a strain of st. louis encephalitis virus has been isolated from mexican free-tailed bats (tadarida b. mexicana) collected at the time of an outbreak of encephalitis in texas in 1964. | 1966 | 12325353 |
| st. louis encephalitis virus induced pathology in cultured cells. | apoptosis is a highly regulated process of cellular self-destruction with diverse functions in multicellular organisms. it is known to be one of the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. st. louis encephalitis virus (slev), an arthropod-borne flavivirus, causes encephalitis disease of varying severity mostly in north america and in some regions of south america. this virus induces cytopathic effects in vertebrate cell lines, however, the mechanism by which this occurs is yet to be elucidated. slev i ... | 2002 | 12111422 |
| emergence of usutu virus, an african mosquito-borne flavivirus of the japanese encephalitis virus group, central europe. | during late summer 2001 in austria, a series of deaths in several species of birds occurred, similar to the beginning of the west nile virus (wnv) epidemic in the united states. we necropsied the dead birds and examined them by various methods; pathologic and immunohistologic investigations suggested a wnv infection. subsequently, the virus was isolated, identified, partially sequenced, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. the isolates exhibited 97% identity to usutu virus (usuv), a mosquito- ... | 2002 | 12095429 |
| the japanese encephalitis serological group of flaviviruses: a brief introduction to the group. | 2002 | 12082984 | |
| age-related seroprevalence study for st. louis encephalitis in a population from cordoba, argentina. | a serological screening was performed in 615 individuals aged 0-87 years, living in the city of cordoba, argentina to study the relationship between antibody prevalence for the sle virus and age. a 13.98% prevalence of neutralizing antibodies was obtained and its relation to age was significantly high (p = 0.045). the highest seroprevalence was noted on individuals over 60 years old (>20%), whereas no subject under 10 was seropositive for this virus. our results confirm that the agent is endemic ... | 2002 | 12048540 |
| two new rhabdoviruses (rhabdoviridae) isolated from birds during surveillance for arboviral encephalitis, northeastern united states. | two novel rhabdoviruses were isolated from birds during surveillance for arboviral encephalitis in the northeastern united states. the first, designated farmington virus, is a tentative new member of the vesiculovirus genus. the second, designated rhode island virus, is unclassified antigenically, but its ultrastructure and size are more similar to those of some of the plant rhabdoviruses. both viruses infect birds and mice, as well as monkey kidney cells in culture, but their importance for hum ... | 2002 | 12023919 |
| drought-induced amplification of saint louis encephalitis virus, florida. | we used a dynamic hydrology model to simulate water table depth (wtd) and quantify the relationship between saint louis encephalitis virus (slev) transmission and hydrologic conditions in indian river county, florida, from 1986 through 1991, a period with an slev epidemic. virus transmission followed periods of modeled drought (specifically low wtds 12 to 17 weeks before virus transmission, followed by a rising of the water table 1 to 2 weeks before virus transmission). further evidence from col ... | 2002 | 12023912 |
| simultaneous detection of three mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses (eastern equine, la crosse, and st. louis) with a single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. | three mosquito-borne human encephalitis viruses (eastern equine encephalitis virus [eee], st. louis encephalitis virus [sle], and la crosse encephalitis virus [lac]) are sympatric in the southeastern united states. however, little is known concerning the temporal and spatial pattern of the distribution of these viruses in this area. as part of surveillance activities to detect the transmission of these 3 viruses in the tennessee valley area, we developed a single-tube multiplex reverse transcrip ... | 2002 | 11998926 |
| in vitro antiviral and antibacterial activity of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin preparations--a potential role for adjuvant intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in infectious diseases. | the identification of specific antimicrobial activity of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) preparations against particular microbial pathogens can assist in determining their therapeutic potential for specific infectious diseases. we analysed five different commercial ivig preparations for the presence of antibodies directed against a large panel of viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic pathogens. all ivig batches contained high activity against herpesviruses types 1, 2, 6 and 7, as well as aga ... | 2002 | 11982967 |
| simulated overwintering of encephalitis viruses in diapausing female culex tarsalis (diptera: culicidae). | female culex tarsalis coquillett in reproductive diapause were infected per os or by intrathoracic inoculation with western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) or st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses during "fall," maintained over a simulated "winter," and then tested for virus infection and transmission in vitro and in vivo after "vernal" termination. exposure of f1 progeny of field-collected females to cool temperatures and short daylength produced females in reproductive diapause that were relucta ... | 2002 | 11931262 |
| detection of encephalitis viruses in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and avian tissues. | abstract diagnostic assays for the detection of st. louis encephalitis (sle) and western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) viruses in mosquito pools and avian tissues were compared for sensitivity, accuracy and specificity. the in situ enzyme immunoassay (eia), plaque assay on vero cells, passage in aedes albopictus skuse c6/36 and c7/10 cells, antigen capture enzyme immunoassay (ac-eia), and single and multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcr) were evaluated using pools o ... | 2002 | 11931031 |
| immunization with heterologous flaviviruses protective against fatal west nile encephalitis. | prior immunization of hamsters with three heterologous flaviviruses (japanese encephalitis virus [jev] sa14-2-8 vaccine, wild-type st. louis encephalitis virus [slev], and yellow fever virus [yfv] 17d vaccine) reduces the severity of subsequent west nile virus (wnv) infection. groups of adult hamsters were immunized with each of the heterologous flaviviruses; approximately 30 days later, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with a virulent new york strain of wnv. subsequent levels of vire ... | 2002 | 11927020 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the envelope gene of st. louis encephalitis virus. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the envelope gene of 62 geographic isolates of st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus were determined. phylogenetic analyses of the sequences, conducted using both maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining methods, included four other members of the japanese encephalitis serogroup. the results indicated that the sle isolates formed a monophyletic group in which isolates generally clustered according to geographic origin. isolates from panama and south america predom ... | 2001 | 11811684 |
| detection of st. louis encephalitis and western equine encephalomyelitis rna in mosquitoes tested without maintenance of a cold chain. | western equine encephalomyelitis and st. louis encephalitis viral rna can be detected 20 days after death of infected culex tarsalis in the absence of a cold chain. viral rna was detected with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in mosquitoes infected either parenterally or perorally in the laboratory and then killed and held for up to 20 days at 27 degrees c. cell culture assay and in situ enzyme immunoassay did not detect infectious virus in the same mosquitoes. | 2001 | 11804455 |
| an indirect immunofluorescence assay to detect antibodies against st. louis encephalitis virus. | an in house indirect immmunofluorescence assay ( ifa ) in relation to neutralization (nt) reference test, was assessed as a fast and cheap method to carry out serological surveys for st. louis encephalitis virus (sle). sera obtained from 213 blood donors were analyzed by both tests. the prevalence of seropositivity obtained with ifa was lower than (30.98%) that observed on nt (41.78%). the relative specificity rate of ifa was 96.77% whereas its relative sensitivity rate was 69.66%. kappa index s ... | 2001 | 11781605 |
| nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assays for rapid detection of west nile and st. louis encephalitis viruses. | the development and application of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) assays for the detection of west nile (wn) and st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses are reported. two unique detection formats were developed for the nasba assays: a postamplification detection step with a virus-specific internal capture probe and electrochemiluminescence (nasba-ecl assay) and a real-time assay with 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled virus-specific molecular beacon probes (nasba-beacon assay). the sen ... | 2001 | 11724870 |
| serologic evidence for west nile virus infection in birds in the new york city vicinity during an outbreak in 1999. | as part of an investigation of an encephalitis outbreak in new york city, we sampled 430 birds, representing 18 species in four orders, during september 13-23, 1999, in queens and surrounding counties. overall, 33% were positive for west nile (wn) virus-neutralizing antibodies, and 0.5% were positive for st. louis encephalitis virus-neutralizing antibodies. by county, queens had the most seropositive birds for wn virus (50%); species with the greatest seropositivity for wn virus (sample sizes we ... | 2001 | 11585522 |
| dengue and other emerging flaviviruses. | flaviviruses are among the most important emerging viruses known to man. most are arboviruses (arthropod-borne) being transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks. they derived from a common ancestor 10-20000 years ago and are evolving rapidly to fill new ecological niches. many are spreading to new geographical areas and causing increased numbers of infections. traditionally, three clinical syndromes are recognized: fever-arthralgia-rash, viral haemorrhagic fever, and neurological disease, though for som ... | 2001 | 11531316 |
| st. louis encephalitis and west nile virus encephalitis. | st. louis encephalitis virus is a major cause of epidemic arboviral encephalitis in the us. transmitted by a mosquito vector, this virus is an annual public health concern during the late summer and early fall in much of the midwest and southeast. the characteristic epidemic features of this viral encephalitis coupled with public health surveillance and vector monitoring programs have made the diagnosis readily accessible during the past decade. recently, however, the arboviral landscape in the ... | 2001 | 11487457 |
| multiple genotypes of st. louis encephalitis virus (flaviviridae: flavivirus) circulate in harris county, texas. | st. louis encephalitis (sle) is endemic in harris county, texas. the disease is a public health concern in houston, the largest city in harris county, and in the state. consequently, intensive surveillance for sle virus in local mosquito populations is carried out by the harris county mosquito control division each year. in this study, we examined genetic variation among sle isolates obtained during routine virus surveillance over a 13-year time period (1986-1999). st. louis encephalitis virus i ... | 2001 | 11425155 |
| encephalitis virus persistence in california birds: preliminary studies with house finches. | field-collected house finches of mixed sex and age were infected experimentally with either western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) or st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses during the summer or fall of 1998 and maintained over the winter under ambient conditions. to detect natural relapse during the spring, 32 birds were bled weekly from february through june 1999, and then necropsied 1 yr after infection to detect chronic infections using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) ... | 2001 | 11372964 |
| arbovirus surveillance in south carolina, 1996-98. | arboviruses isolated and identified from mosquitoes in south carolina (usa) are described, including new state records for eastern equine encephalitis virus (eee), st. louis encephalitis virus (sle), flanders virus, tensaw virus (ten), and a variant of jamestown canyon virus (jc). mosquitoes were collected at 52 locations in 30 of 46 south carolina counties beginning in june 1996, and ending in october 1998, and tested for arboviruses. of 1,329 mosquito pools tested by virus isolation (85,806 mo ... | 2001 | 11345423 |
| [seroprevalence of infection by st. louis encephalitis virus in the province of formosa]. | the aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against st. louis encephalitis virus (sle) in human sera provided by the laboratory of epidemiological surveillance from formosa district (province of formosa, argentina) in 1995 and 1997. the tests used for this study were hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and neutralization (nt). the screening performed by nt test showed prevalences of 21% (60/284) and 32% (50/157) of antibodies in samples obtained in 1995 and 1997 respectively. ... | 2000 | 11188954 |
| predicting st. louis encephalitis virus epidemics: lessons from recent, and not so recent, outbreaks. | st. louis encephalitis virus was first identified as the cause of human disease in north america after a large urban epidemic in st. louis, missouri, during the summer of 1933. since then, numerous outbreaks of st. louis encephalitis have occurred throughout the continent. in south florida, a 1990 epidemic lasted from august 1990 through january 1991 and resulted in 226 clinical cases and 11 deaths in 28 counties. this epidemic severely disrupted normal activities throughout the southern half of ... | 2001 | 11112165 |
| attractiveness of chickens and bobwhite quail for culex nigripalpus. | an experiment to determine if wild culex nigripalpus preferentially enter lard-can traps baited with chickens or bobwhite quail was conducted. a strong preference for the chicken-baited trap was observed. further development of transmission models for st. louis encephalitis virus in southern florida should consider increased biting rates on sentinel chickens and the consequences for the interpretation of sentinel seroconversion data. | 2000 | 11081661 |
| epidemiological features of and public health response to a st. louis encephalitis epidemic in florida, 1990-1. | a st. louis encephalitis (sle) epidemic in florida during 25 weeks in 1990-1, resulted in 222 laboratory-diagnosed cases, an attack rate in the 28 affected counties of 2.25/100,000. disease risk rose with advanced age, to 17.14/100,000 in persons over 80 years, and all 14 fatal cases were in persons over 55 years (median, 70 years). community serosurveys in indian river county, the epicenter of the outbreak (attack rate 21/100,000), showed acute asymptomatic infections in 3.6% of the persons sur ... | 2000 | 11057975 |
| insecticide resistance status, esterase activity, and electromorphs from mosquito populations of culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae), in houston (harris county), texas. | culex quinquefasciatus say is a vector of st. louis encephalitis (sle) in texas. this disease is endemic and prevalent in the houston area. disease prevention through mosquito control is mainly targeted against adults by application of a resmethrin-piperonyl butoxide formulation (scourge). immature mosquitoes were collected from eight areas in harris county during 1998. the susceptibility status of these populations to scourge, malathion, and resmethrin, the latter alone or with an esterase inhi ... | 2000 | 10925799 |
| [serological survey on arbovirus infection in residents of an ecological reserve]. | serological inquires conducted in the ribeira valley, s. paulo state, brazil, showed an intense circulation of pathogenic arboviruses in the region. the goal was to verify the prevalence of arboviral infections in people living at the local ecological, and its potential association with these population' individual and familiar characteristics. | 2000 | 10920445 |