Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| label-free based comparative proteomic analysis of whey proteins between different milk yields of dezhou donkey. | donkey milk, similar to human milk in compositions, has been suggested as the best potential hypoallergenic replacement diet for babies suffering from cow milk protein allergens and a promising nutraceutical for aged people. in this study, label-free mass spectrometry analysis was conducted to quantitatively identify the whey proteins differentially expressed in high-milk-yield samples compared with low-milk-yield samples. a total of 216 whey proteins were identified, and 19 of them showed signi ... | 2019 | 30482389 |
| incidence of human rabies virus exposure in northwestern amhara, ethiopia. | clinical rabies is a widely distributed almost 100% fatal viral zoonotic disease. most human rabies cases occur in developing countries, especially in asia and africa. it can be prevented by immunization, post exposure prophylaxis. ethiopia is assumed to be among african countries with high incidence of human rabies exposure cases. however, there is limited documented data on the incidence of human rabies exposure in the study area in particular and in ethiopia in general. thus, this study aimed ... | 2018 | 30477422 |
| cryopreservation of donkey embryos by the cryotop method: effect of developmental stage, embryo quality, diameter and age of embryos. | cryopreservation of embryos has the potential to become a valuable tool for the conservation of endangered donkey breeds. however, there are several factors that can affect cryosurvival of embryos. this study evaluates the effectiveness of the cryotop method to vitrify donkey embryos and factors affecting the survival of vitrified-warmed embryos. day 6-8 embryos were measured and morphologically evaluated. embryos were then vitrified-warmed using the cryotop technique. after 24 h post-warming, t ... | 2019 | 30476757 |
| can donkey behavior and cognition be used to trace back, explain, or forecast moon cycle and weather events? | donkeys have been reported to be highly sensitive to environmental changes. their 8900⁻8400-year-old evolution process made them interact with diverse environmental situations that were very distant from their harsh origins. these changing situations not only affect donkeys' short-term behavior but may also determine their long-term cognitive skills from birth. thus, animal behavior becomes a useful tool to obtain past, present or predict information from the environmental situation of a particu ... | 2018 | 30463193 |
| case of tearing out of the entire tendon of the flexor longus pollicis muscle by a donkey bite. | 1877 | 30433423 | |
| the prevalence and intensity of external and internal parasites in working donkeys (equus asinus) in egypt. | this study aims to record and update the prevalence and intensity of external and internal parasites in working donkeys (equus asinus) in egypt during the period from january to december 2017. | 2018 | 30410237 |
| hydrolysis of untreated lignocellulosic feedstock is independent of s-lignin composition in newly classified anaerobic fungal isolate, piromyces sp. uh3-1. | plant biomass is an abundant but underused feedstock for bioenergy production due to its complex and variable composition, which resists breakdown into fermentable sugars. these feedstocks, however, are routinely degraded by many uncommercialized microbes such as anaerobic gut fungi. these gut fungi express a broad range of carbohydrate active enzymes and are native to the digestive tracts of ruminants and hindgut fermenters. in this study, we examine gut fungal performance on these substrates a ... | 2018 | 30386430 |
| establishment of widely applicable dna extraction methods to identify the origins of crude drugs derived from animals using molecular techniques. | we established widely applicable dna extraction methods to identify the origins of crude drugs derived from animals. twenty-one samples including 17 kinds of crude drug derived from animals were examined. dna was extracted from most of the crude drugs by adjustment of the qiaamp® dna mini kit. dna extraction was performed successfully using phenol to remove impurities after applying a proteinase treatment. dna extraction was performed successfully by decalcification treatment using ethylenediami ... | 2019 | 30374697 |
| daily rhythms of rectal and body surface temperatures in donkeys during the cold-dry (harmattan) and hot-dry seasons in a tropical savannah. | the aim of the study was to evaluate daily rhythms of rectal temperature (rt) and body surface temperature (bst) of adult, yearling and foal donkeys during the cold-dry (harmattan) and hot-dry seasons in a tropical savanna. the rts and bsts of 30 clinically healthy, free-ranging donkeys were recorded using digital and infrared thermometers. the rt and bst of each donkey and thermal environmental parameters inside the pen were measured bi-hourly from 0600 to 0600 hours (gm + 1) on each experiment ... | 2018 | 30374600 |
| complications associated with closed castration using the henderson equine castration instrument in 300 standing equids. | to describe a closed castration technique in standing equids, report associated complications, and identify potential risk factors. | 2019 | 30367692 |
| cross-sectional study on gastro-intestinal parasites of equids in south-western ethiopia. | a cross sectional study was conducted in jimma town from october 2010 to march 2011 with the objective of determining the status of intestinal nematode parasites of equids, and the association of different variables with infection rate. to address this, a total of 400 equids; donkeys (n = 29), horses (n = 317) and mules (n = 54) were used in this study and based on the coprological examination to identify parasite eggs, three species of nematodes were identified with an overall prevalence of 72. ... | 2018 | 30364581 |
| evaluation of dynamic testing for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction diagnosis in donkeys. | endocrine disorders are common in donkeys. pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (ppid) is thought to be a frequent disturbance in donkeys due to their longevity. however, information on ppid dynamic testing in donkeys is lacking. | 2019 | 30362589 |
| molecular identification and characterization of nonprimate hepaciviruses in equines. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a positive-sense rna virus belonging to the genus hepacivirus, family flaviviridae. its genome has a length of 9.6 kb and encodes a single polyprotein flanked by two untranslated regions. hcv can cause liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and approximately 2% of the world's population is chronically infected. the investigation of pathogenesis is complicated due to the lack of an animal model. the origin of this virus remains unclear, but in the last few years, ... | 2019 | 30361815 |
| immunochemical detection of mycotoxins in donkey milk. | the applicability of enzyme immunoassays (eia) for aflatoxin m1 (afm1), ochratoxin a (ota) and zearalenone (zen) to analyse these toxins in donkey milk (equus asinus) was studied. for afm1 and ota analysis, milk could be analysed by eia without sample pretreatment. for zen, heat treatment at 78 °c for 30 min prior eia analysis was required to avoid false positives. to include detection of phase ii metabolites of zen, samples were additionally treated with glucuronidase/sulfatase for this eia. de ... | 2019 | 30343381 |
| a novel donkey milk-derived human milk fortifier in feeding preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. | the purpose of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare the use of donkey milk-derived fortifier (df) with commercial bovine milk-derived fortifier (bf) in very preterm or very-low-birth-weight newborns, in terms of feeding tolerance. | 2019 | 30320665 |
| west nile virus associated with equid encephalitis in brazil, 2018. | mosquito-borne arboviruses are a major public health concern worldwide and are responsible for emerging and re-emerging diseases. taken together, the arboviruses have a strong impact on public health and are the most common causes of equine encephalitis. in-depth diagnostic investigation of equine viral encephalitis is of utmost importance for the epidemiological surveillance and control of this disease. regarding neurological disorders in equids, in april-may 2018, at least 12 cases of equid mo ... | 2019 | 30318735 |
| a survey of dictyocaulus arnfieldi (nematoda) infections in equids in urmia region, iran | dictyocaulus arnfieldi is a lungworm commonly found in equids; however, relatively little is known about it. the aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of equine lungworms in naturally-infected working and sporting horses, donkeys and mules in rural areas of urmia, northwest iran. the fecal samples were collected from 299 working horses, 57 sporting horses, 66 donkeys and 37 mules during the period march 2014 to june 2016. thecollected fecal samples were processed within 48 hou ... | 2019 | 30316220 |
| detection of zoonotic agents and a new rickettsia strain in ticks from donkeys from south africa: implications for travel medicine. | in rural south africa, people are in close contact with tick-infested donkeys. this study aimed to investigate the presence of spotted fever group rickettsia, anaplasma, ehrlichia and coxiella species in these arthropods. | 2019 | 30312734 |
| a comparison among β-caseins purified from milk of different species: self-assembling behaviour and immunogenicity potential. | caseins are a family of proteins constituted by α-caseins (αs-1 and αs-2 caseins), β-caseins and κ-caseins. β-caseins, in particular, show a temperature and concentration-dependent self-assembling behaviour. recently, β-casein micelles have been proposed as natural nanocarriers for the delivery of hydrophobic compounds, promoting their bioavailability. until now, all studies regarding both chemical-physical characterization and applications of β-caseins have employed the protein of bovine origin ... | 2019 | 30296645 |
| genetic diversity and prevalence of piroplasm species in equids from turkey. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) is a protozoon disease caused by babesia caballi and theileria equi transmitted by ticks from the ixodidae family. this study investigated the genetic heterogeneity and diversity of piroplasm genotypes using the reverse line blotting (rlb) technique for piroplasm species in equids in turkey. a total of 233 blood samples from 142 horses and 91 donkeys were collected in şanlıurfa, tunceli, and iğdır. the rlb assay was performed for simultaneous detection of piroplasm spec ... | 2018 | 30290887 |
| chronic iron overload causing haemochromatosis and hepatopathy in 21 horses and one donkey. | iron toxicosis is rarely reported in horses and chronic excessive oral iron intake has not been reported to cause clinical symptoms in equids. | 2019 | 30269378 |
| effect of intravenous glucose and combined glucose-insulin challenges on energy-regulating hormones concentrations in donkeys. | metabolic disorders are highly prevalent in donkeys. differences in energy regulatory hormones and glucose dynamic testing, including the intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivgtt) and combined glucose-insulin test (cgit), have been documented between donkeys and horses. the aims of this study were to characterise the insulin:glucagon (igr) and glucagon:insulin (gir) molar ratios, at baseline and in response to the ivgtt and cgit in healthy donkeys, and to determine their correlation with endocr ... | 2018 | 30268332 |
| prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and neospora spp. in equids of western pará, brazil. | the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and neospora spp. in equids raised for distinct purposes in the western state of pará, brazil, and to identify potential risk factors associated with parasite infection. a cross-sectional study was conducted with cluster sampling in 101 farms from 18 municipalities (farm horses). in visited municipalities, samples from sport and cart horses were included. serum was obtained for detecting antibodies agains ... | 2019 | 30267659 |
| the nutritional ingredients and antioxidant activity of donkey milk and donkey milk powder. | the aim of this work was to shed light on the nutritional ingredients and antioxidant activity of donkey milk and powder. it indicated that basic components of donkey milk were closed to human milk, especially lactose. the fat content of donkey milk was lower than that of cow milk and human milk. the essential amino acids, fatty acids and taurine in donkey milk and powder were richer. the whey protein content of donkey milk was 49.08 g/100 g. the ratio of casein to whey protein in donkey milk an ... | 2018 | 30263762 |
| physiological responses in horses, donkeys and mules sold at livestock markets. | the horse welfare at markets includes fatigue, fear, fasting, dehydration and injuries. however, the scientific literature contains no readily-available information on the physiology responses of equids sold in livestock markets. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of holding in livestock markets on gas exchange, the acid-base balance, energy metabolism, and the mineral and water balance in 4 types of horses (equus caballus), donkeys (equus asinus) and mules ((equus asi ... | 2018 | 30255085 |
| anthelmintic drugs used in equine species. | internal parasites of horses comprise an intractable problem conferring disease, production and performance losses. parasitism can rarely be controlled in grazing horses by management alone and anthelmintic drugs have formed the basis of therapy and prophylaxis for the last sixty years. the pharmacology of the anthelmintic drugs available dictate their spectrum of activity and degree of efficacy, their optimal routes of administration and characteristics which prevent some routes of administrati ... | 2018 | 30253849 |
| distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes (pcns) in the whole blood of typical meat animals. | the concentrations and distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes (pcns) in the whole blood of eight typical terrestrial meat animals (chicken, duck, rabbit, pig, cattle, sheep, horse and donkey) consumed daily in our life were investigated. the total concentrations (on a liquid volume basis) of pcns were in a range from 305 to 987pg/l. donkey blood contained the highest pcn concentrations. mono-cns were the dominant homolog group, accounting for 38%-71% pcns. apart from the mono-cns and tri-c ... | 2018 | 30244747 |
| cell-lineage specificity of primary cilia during postnatal epididymal development. | where are primary cilia (pc) organelles located during postnatal epididymal development? | 2018 | 30239723 |
| apparently high leptospira antibody seropositivity in donkeys for slaughter in three municipalities in durango, mexico. | we determined the seropositive percentage and the determinants of leptospira exposure in domestic donkeys presented for slaughter in the state of durango, mexico. we examined 194 donkeys in 4 gathering premises. sera of donkeys were analyzed for anti- leptospira igg antibodies using a microscopic agglutination assay with a panel of 7 leptospira antigens. the association between leptospira seropositivity and general characteristics of donkeys was assessed by bivariate and multivariate analyses. a ... | 2018 | 30239293 |
| vitrification in straws conserves motility features better than spheres in donkey sperm. | sperm vitrification as alternative to conventional freezing is increasing in popularity in many species. it has been achieved by direct exposure of diluted semen to liquid nitrogen in spheres or straws. both techniques have been successfully developed, but they had not been compared yet in donkeys. the aim of this study was to compare these two methods of vitrification for donkey semen. ejaculates from six andalusian donkeys were collected and extended in gent without glycerol supplemented with ... | 2018 | 30238658 |
| modified culture methodology for specific detection of blastocystis hominis in stool samples. | blastocystis hominis provides major challenges for laboratory diagnosis due to its polymorphic nature in wet mounts which can result in confusion with other protozoa, yeast or even fat globules. studies revealed that simple smears were less sensitive than in vitro cultivation using different media for the detection of b. hominis in stool specimens. cultures of b. hominis are usually enriched by different types of sera to enhance growth and multiplication of the parasite. the aim of this study is ... | 2016 | 30230750 |
| prevalence and risk factors for igg antibodies to neospora spp. in three types of equids from southern punjab, pakistan. | equine hosts suffer from neurological disease, congenital infection, and reproductive problems associated with neospora spp. infection. we conducted a cross sectional study using sera from 631 equids (324 horses, 218 donkeys and 89 mules) from the southern region of punjab province, pakistan to determine the prevalence of antibodies against neospora spp. in this diverse group of equines. fisk factors associated with seropositivity were evaluated statistically based on equine type, breed, age, hu ... | 2018 | 30219554 |
| aflatoxin m1 in cow, sheep, and donkey milk produced in sicily, southern italy. | samples (n = 485) of raw (n = 394) or heat-treated (n = 91) milk of three different species (cow, n = 170; sheep, n = 133; donkey, n = 84), collected 2013-2016 in western sicily (southern italy), were analyzed for aflatoxin m1 (afm1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). positive elisa results were further analyzed by hplc with fluorescence detection. both methods had a detection limit for afm1 in milk of 7 ng kg-1. elisa yielded 12.9 and 5% positives in cows and sheep milk, respectively ... | 2019 | 30215192 |
| survey for equine herpesviruses in polar bears ( ursus maritimus) and exotic equids housed in us aza institutions. | infection by equine herpesvirus (ehv) strains (ehv-1, ehv-9) in ursid species, including polar bears ( ursus maritimus), has been associated with neurological disease and death. a serosurvey of captive exotic equid and polar bear populations in us association of zoos and aquaria institutions was performed to determine the prevalence of ehv strains using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests. equid species surveyed included zebra ( equus ... | 2018 | 30212313 |
| molecular detection of equine trypanosomiasis in the riyadh province of saudi arabia. | we conducted a cross-sectional study to detect trypanosome infections of horses and donkeys in the riyadh province of saudi arabia. dna was extracted from blood samples collected from 368 horses and 142 donkeys, and subjected to universal first ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (its1)-pcr followed by trypanosoma evansi species-specific rotat1.2-pcr. the universal its1-pcr revealed t. evansi infection in horses ( n = 12; 3.3%) and donkeys ( n = 4; 2.8%). there was no significant effect ... | 2018 | 30204053 |
| a maldi-tof ms approach for mammalian, human, and formula milks' profiling. | human milk composition is dynamic, and substitute formulae are intended to mimic its protein content. the purpose of this study was to investigate the potentiality of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms), followed by multivariate data analyses as a tool to analyze the peptide profiles of mammalian, human, and formula milks. breast milk samples from women at different lactation stages (2 (n = 5), 30 (n = 6), 60 (n = 5), and 90 (n = 4) days po ... | 2018 | 30189627 |
| diurnal rhythms of heart and respiratory rates in donkeys of different age groups during the cold-dry and hot-dry seasons in a tropical savannah. | the aim of this study was to determine the effect of season on diurnal rhythms of heart (hr) and respiratory rates (respr) in the adult, yearling, and foal donkeys during the cold-dry and hot-dry seasons under natural light/dark cycle. the resting hr and respr were recorded bihourly for 24 consecutive hours from 06:00 to 06:00 h (gmt +1) in 30, clinically healthy donkeys (10 adults,10 yearlings, and 10 foals). dry-bulb temperature (dbt), relative humidity (rh), temperature-humidity index (thi) a ... | 2018 | 30187687 |
| ergonomic study of donkeys administered with pycnogenol® and subjected to packing during the hot-dry season in northern nigeria. | the aim of the study was to determine some ergonomic parameters of donkeys administered with pycnogenol® (pyc) and subjected to packing during the hot-dry season in northern nigeria. fifteen donkeys served as experimental subjects. group 1 (n = 5) donkeys were subjected to trekking only (control), group 2 (n = 5) donkeys were subjected to packing (p-pyc), and group 3 (n = 5) were administered with pyc (10 mg/kg) and subjected to packing (p+pyc). each group covered a distance of 10 km. some ergon ... | 2019 | 30187245 |
| effect of the administration of alfaprostol 3 or 6 days after ovulation in jennies: ultrasonographic characteristic of corpora lutea and serum progesterone concentration. | donkey jenny's corpus luteum (cl) response to pgf2α analogues has not been investigated in depth. aim of this study was to evaluate the donkey jenny's corpus luteum (cl) ultrasonographic characteristics (diameter, area and vascularized area) by b-mode, color doppler and serum progesterone concentration ([p4]) after treatment with the prostaglandins f2α analogue alfaprostol at day 3 or day 6 after ovulation (groups pg3 and pg6, respectively). [p4] was positively correlated (p < 0.0001) with cl di ... | 2018 | 30165306 |
| comparative seroprevalence and risk factor analysis of trypanosoma evansi infection in equines from different agro-climatic zones of punjab (india). | as parasitaemia is low and fluctuating during the chronic stage of infection, accurate detection of trypanosoma evansi in blood is difficult. the primary aims of this investigation were to assess for the first time the seroprevalence of t. evansi in all agro-climatic zones of punjab, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) and card agglutination test (catt/t. evansi), and to evaluate the risk factors associated with latent trypanosomosis. a total of 319 equine serum samples collec ... | 2017 | 30160686 |
| evaluation of chromocystoscopy in the diagnosis of cystitis in female donkeys. | early detection of cystitis in equine is essential to improve the prognosis and outcome of therapy. however, the conventional white light endoscopy is not sufficiently accurate for this purpose. hence, this study evaluated chromoendoscopy as a recent diagnostic tool for cystitis in female donkeys. for this purpose, 5 apparently normal donkeys (control group) and 5 female donkeys with cystitis (diseased group) were used. physical and rectal examinations, urine analysis, white light cystoscopy, me ... | 2018 | 30157228 |
| gammaherpesvirus infections in equids: a review. | although the first equine gammaherpesvirus was identified over 50 years ago, the isolation and characterization of other members of this virus group has been relatively recent. even so, numerous clinical syndromes have been identified in equid species in association with these viruses. equid gammaherpesviruses are a genetically heterogeneous viral subfamily, the function of which in host immune modulation and disease pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated. while they share similarities with ga ... | 2015 | 30155436 |
| a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of equine (horse and donkey)-originated meat in processed bovine meat products. | meat is one of the most important basic foodstuffs in human nutrition. nowadays, adulteration and authenticity are common problems for meat products. identification of meat species is important in terms of consumer protection and prevention of adulteration. there are different methods to determine adulteration of meat and meat products. these methods are histological controls, serological tests, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. in this study, species identification and quantification ... | 2019 | 30149728 |
| a comparison of methanogens of different regions of the equine hindgut. | the diversity of the methanogenic archaea associated with the six segments of the horse and donkey hindgut (caecum, right ventral colon, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon, right dorsal colon, and rectum) was analyzed using 16s rdna gene clone library. a total of 641 positive clones, 321 from the horse and 320 from the donkey hindgut, were examined by the rflp, revealing 9 different ribotypes, 8 in the horse and 5 in the donkey hindgut. in both the animals methanobacteriales (methanobrevibact ... | 2018 | 30142409 |
| [determination of the ingredients of horse, ox, sheep, pig, camel and deer skin in colla corii asini by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. | a method was established for detecting the ingredients of horse, ox, sheep, pig, camel and deer skin in colla corii asini using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (uplc-ms/ms).theoretical marker peptides were selected by comparing the collagen sequences in the skins of donkeys, horses, oxen, sheep, pigs, camels, and deer.marker peptides were identified by protease cutting techniques and high resolution mass spectrometry and then analyzed by uplc-ms/ms.the separation ... | 2018 | 30136526 |
| effects of pasteurization and storage conditions on donkey milk nutritional and hygienic characteristics. | until now there are only few data on the effects of thermal treatments on the nutritional and hygienic characteristics of donkey milk. this research communication aims to provide information on the effects of pasteurization (at +65 °c for 30 min) and prolonged storage at refrigeration and freezing temperatures (21 d at + 3 °c ± 2 °c and up to 90 d at -20 °c ± 5 °c) on some nutritional and hygienic characteristics of amiata donkey milk. the milk was monitored by chemical and microbiological analy ... | 2018 | 30132435 |
| prevalence of mutilations and other skin wounds in working donkeys in tamil nadu, india. | wounds in working donkeys are a common and preventable welfare problem in many countries. mutilations, iatrogenic injuries carried out by owners, are a particularly distressing welfare issue. however, little is known about their nature and prevalence. the project aim was to assess the general health and establish the prevalence, nature and severity of mutilations and other skin wounds in donkeys from several communities in tamil nadu, india, that were part of a donkey welfare initiative run by t ... | 2018 | 30121636 |
| zearalenone exposure enhanced the expression of tumorigenesis genes in donkey granulosa cells via the pten/pi3k/akt signaling pathway. | zearalenone (zea) is a natural contaminant existing in food and feed products that exhibits a negative effect on domestic animals' reproduction. donkeys possess high economic value in china and are at risk of exposure to zea. however, few information is available on zea-induced toxicity and no report on toxicity in donkeys can be found in scientific literature. we investigated the biological effects of zea exposure on donkey granulosa cells (dgcs) by using rna-seq analysis. zea at 10 and 30 μm w ... | 2018 | 30108608 |
| hair histology as a tool for forensic identification of some domestic animal species. | animal hair examination at a criminal scene may provide valuable information in forensic investigations. however, local reference databases for animal hair identification are rare. in the present study, we provide differential histological analysis of hair of some domestic animals in upper egypt. for this purpose, guard hair of large ruminants (buffalo, camel and cow), small ruminants (sheep and goat), equine (horse and donkey) and canine (dog and cat) were collected and comparative analysis was ... | 2018 | 30108469 |
| bioactive properties of fermented donkey milk, before and after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. | indigenous strains of lactic acid bacteria previously isolated from raw donkey milk samples were used to ferment donkey milk. each sample was subjected to an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (sgid) and analysis of the digesta by hplc-ltq-orbitrap xl was performed in order to obtain a comprehensive peptide profile of fermented donkey milk. functional properties such as ace-inhibitory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the resulting fermented donkey milks, as well as charact ... | 2018 | 30064786 |
| development and evaluation of recombinant antigen and monoclonal antibody based competition elisa for the sero- surveillance of surra in animals. | trypanosoma evansi, a haemoflagellated protozoan parasite, is responsible for chronic as well as the acute debilitating disease called surra in a wide range of herbivores and carnivores including domestic and wild animals. since the parasite is having wide host range, there is a need for diagnostic test which can detect the t. evansi specific antibody in different species of animals for generating sero-surveillance data. in the present study we developed and evaluated competitive enzyme immunoas ... | 2018 | 30056943 |
| short communication: technological and seasonal variations of vitamin d and other nutritional components in donkey milk. | vitamin d is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism and also acts as a hormone. although several studies on the content of vitamin d in bovine milk have been conducted, little information is available regarding donkey milk. in the context of the nutritional assessment of donkey milk, the aim of this study was to assess the vitamin d content in donkey milk and its chemical profile, with particular reference to seasonal and technological modifica ... | 2018 | 30055917 |
| horse y chromosome assembly displays unique evolutionary features and putative stallion fertility genes. | dynamic evolutionary processes and complex structure make the y chromosome among the most diverse and least understood regions in mammalian genomes. here, we present an annotated assembly of the male specific region of the horse y chromosome (emsy), representing the first comprehensive y assembly in odd-toed ungulates. the emsy comprises single-copy, equine specific multi-copy, par transposed, and novel ampliconic sequence classes. the emsy gene density approaches that of autosomes with the high ... | 2018 | 30054462 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in equines in spain. | hepatitis e (he) is an important emerging disease in european countries. to analyse the role of equids as potential reservoirs for he virus (hev), we determined the prevalence of hev infection in 861 equines from 464 herds in spain. hev rna in serum was detected in 0.4% (3/692) of horses, 1.2% (1/86) of donkeys and 3.6% (3/83) of mules. phylogenetic analysis identified the zoonotic genotype 3 as being closely related to viral human and swine strains. in this first report on hev in equids in euro ... | 2019 | 30047239 |
| first molecular evidence of babesia caballi and theileria equi infections in horses in cuba. | equine piroplasmosis is a disease of equidae, including horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras, caused by either theileria equi or babesia caballi. this disease represents a serious problem for the horse industry and its control is critical for the international trade of horses. the objective of the present study was to detect b. caballi and t. equi infections in horses reared in western cuba. blood samples from 100 horses were tested for the presence of piroplasms by using giemsa-stained blood smea ... | 2018 | 30033488 |
| first evidence of besnoitia bennetti infection (protozoa: apicomplexa) in donkeys (equus asinus) in belgium. | besnoitiosis is caused by different species of intracellular protozoan parasites belonging to the family sarcocystidae and affecting multiple host species worldwide. including b. besnoiti, ten species are described infecting animals. among ungulates, besnoitia bennetti infects horses, donkeys and zebras and was described in africa and in the usa where donkey besnoitiosis is considered as an emerging disease. | 2018 | 30021659 |
| molecular survey and characterization of trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected camels with suspicion of a trypanozoon infection in horses by molecular detection in egypt. | in egypt, although the trypanosoma evansi has been reported frequently among domestic animals, there is no published data on t. evansi in horses. therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and characterization of t. evansi in three governorates by examining blood samples from 40 local camels, 35 imported camels, 25 horses and 10 donkeys by pcr targeting the sequences of tbr and rotat 1.2vsg. the overall prevalence of t. evansi was 54.5% and 21.8% by tbr pcr and rotat 1.2vsg pcr, respec ... | 2018 | 30016680 |
| zoonotic fecal pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in canadian petting zoos. | this study aimed to better understand the potential public health risk associated with zoonotic pathogens in agricultural fairs and petting zoos in canada. prevalence of salmonella, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7, and top six non-o157 stec serogroups in feces (n = 88), hide/feather (n = 36), and hand rail samples (n = 46) was assessed, as well as distributions of antimicrobial resistant (amr) broad and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing e. coli. prevalence of m ... | 2018 | 30012975 |
| implementation of biological control to the integrated control of strongyle infection among wild captive equids in a zoological park. | the integrated control of strongyles was assayed for a period of three years in wild equids (zebras, european donkeys, and african wild asses) captive in a zoo and infected by strongyles. during three years control of parasites consisted of deworming with ivermectin + praziquantel; equids also received every two days commercial nutritional pellets containing a blend of 104 - 105 spores of the fungi mucor circinelloides + duddingtonia flagrans per kg meal. coprological analyses were done monthly ... | 2018 | 29984232 |
| genome data uncover four synergistic key regulators for extremely small body size in horses. | miniature size in horses represents an extreme reduction of withers height that originated after domestication. in some breeds, it is a highly desired trait representing a breed- or subtype-specific feature. the genomic changes that emerged due to strong-targeted selection towards this distinct type remain unclear. | 2018 | 29940849 |
| a case of work-related donkey milk allergy. | 2018 | 29939141 | |
| first detection of anti-besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in horses and donkeys in italy. | among apicomplexa protozoa infecting equids, besnoitia spp., toxoplasma gondii and neospora spp. represent important issues from a sanitary and zootechnical viewpoint. however, only scarce epidemiological data are available on the spread of the infections in horses and donkeys in europe. therefore, a serosurvey was planned to estimate the prevalence of these sarcocystidae species in italian equids. serum samples from 268 horses and 18 donkeys raised in italy were collected and serologically anal ... | 2018 | 29935266 |
| use of registered donkeys on the areas of natural constraint scheme in ireland. | data concerning the numbers, locations and types of donkeys being officially registered (passported) in ireland (32 counties) via horse passport issuing organisations were gathered. the numbers of agricultural area aid scheme (areas of natural constraint (anc)) applicants registering passported donkeys (as compared with horses) as livestock units (lus), the numbers of donkeys they registered and the value of payments that thus accrued to the applicants are also reported for each of 26 counties f ... | 2018 | 29934398 |
| technological attempts at producing cheese from donkey milk. | the work described in this research communication addressed the hypothesis that it is possible to produce cheese from donkey milk by appropriate adjusting of the cheesemaking parameters. a series of coagulation trials were performed on donkey milk, alone or fortified with goat milk (85/15 and 70/30, v/v), using calf rennet under different technological conditions. the parameters that changed were ph and concentration of soluble calcium, amount of rennet added and temperature of coagulation. donk ... | 2018 | 29923468 |
| a review of eimeria infections in horses and other equids. | there is considerable confusion concerning validity of eimeria species in equids, and endogenous developmental stages and pathogenicity of equid eimeria. this paper summarizes worldwide information on history, structure, life cycle, pathogenicity, prevalence, epidemiology, and diagnosis of eimeria infections in equids. the following conclusions were drawn. although three species of eimeria; e. solipedum, e. uninugulata, and e. leuckarti were named from horses, only e. leuckarti is a valid specie ... | 2018 | 29887031 |
| survey of biochemical and oxidative profile in donkey foals suckled with one natural and one semi-artificial technique. | dairy donkey milking procedures require separating foals from their dams for a few hours a day. artificial suckling in this species is a good technique for improving milk production and foal welfare. the aim of the work is to compare the effect of two different diets on donkey foals when separated from jennies for milking procedures with and without a milk replacer. forty newborn martina franca donkey foals were subdivided into two experimental groups. both groups were separated from their respe ... | 2018 | 29874272 |
| parasitic profile of traction equids in the semi-arid climate of paraíba state, northeastern, brazil. | the objective of this study was to determine the parasitological profiles of traction equids from the semi-arid climate of paraíba (pb) state. we analyzed 96 equids that performed traction work, with no defined breed, males and females, and all older than 24 months. among the analyzed animals, 51% were donkeys, 41.7% mules, and 7.3% horses. fecal material and blood were collected for parasitological examination and to determine the packed cell volume (pcv), respectively. the samples were sent to ... | 2019 | 29846453 |
| vitrification of ovarian tissue of brazilian north-eastern donkeys (equus asinus) using different cryoprotectants. | the aim of this study was to assess a vitrification protocol for asinine ovarian tissue, to preserve preantral follicles using different cryoprotectant solutions, composed of various concentrations (eg 3 m or 6 m) of dimethyl sulfoxide or ethylene glycol isolate, or as a combination (dmso 3 m + eg 3 m). ten pairs of ovaries from brazilian north-eastern breed jennies were obtained through videolaparoscopy, and cortical fragments were submitted to a solid-surface vitrification (ssv) using each cry ... | 2018 | 29809292 |
| induction of anesthesia and recovery in donkeys sedated with xylazine: a comparison of midazolam-alfaxalone and midazolam-ketamine. | to compare the induction and recovery characteristics and selected cardiopulmonary variables of midazolam-alfaxalone or midazolam-ketamine in donkeys sedated with xylazine. | 2018 | 29804882 |
| donkey milk as a supplement in infant formula: benefits and technological challenges. | the aim of this review paper is to assess the applicability of donkey's milk to infants suffering from cow milk protein allergy (cmpa) compared to human and other available milk types. the bioactive and immune-supportive character which could be beneficial as a fortifier to the formula-fed infants is described while limitations of this type of milk are also discussed. studies showed that human and donkey's milk have similar, overall, chemical composition as well as protein homogeneity and antige ... | 2018 | 29803466 |
| focusing on fatty acid profile in milk from different species after in vitro digestion. | we report the fatty acid profile of raw milk and of the corresponding digested milk from different sources (human milk, formula milk and donkey, bovine, ovine and caprine milk) to gain information on the nutritional quality of different milk sources in infant nutrition.short chain fatty acids (sc-fa) were higher in bovine and caprine milk, intermediate in ovine and donkey and lower in human and formula milk. medium chain fatty acids (mc-fa) showed the highest values for bovine and caprine milk a ... | 2018 | 29785916 |
| earliest evidence for equid bit wear in the ancient near east: the "ass" from early bronze age tell eṣ-ṣâfi/gath, israel. | analysis of a sacrificed and interred domestic donkey from an early bronze age (eb) iiib (c. 2800-2600 bce) domestic residential neighborhood at tell eṣ-ṣâfi/gath, israel, indicate the presence of bit wear on the lower premolar 2 (lpm2). this is the earliest evidence for the use of a bit among early domestic equids, and in particular donkeys, in the near east. the mesial enamel surfaces on both the right and left lpm2 of the particular donkey in question are slightly worn in a fashion that sugge ... | 2018 | 29768439 |
| indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats and the protective effect of donkey milk. | indomethacin is an anti-inflammatory drug with clearly known side effects on gastric mucosa. new treatment and side effect prevention methods are being studied. donkey milk, as a nutritional support, has recently come into the spotlight with its anti-oxidant features, high antibody content and low allergenic properties. in this study, we investigated donkey milk's possible protective effect against acute gastric mucosal damage by indomethacin. | 2018 | 29765456 |
| evolutionary analysis provides insight into the origin and adaptation of hcv. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) belongs to the hepacivirus genus and is genetically heterogeneous, with seven major genotypes further divided into several recognized subtypes. hcv origin was previously dated in a range between ∼200 and 1000 years ago. hepaciviruses have been identified in several domestic and wild mammals, the largest viral diversity being observed in bats and rodents. the closest relatives of hcv were found in horses/donkeys (equine hepaciviruses, ehv). however, the origin of hcv as a ... | 2018 | 29765366 |
| genetic parameter and breeding value estimation of donkeys' problem-focused coping styles. | donkeys are recognized therapy or leisure-riding animals. anecdotal evidence has suggested that more reactive donkeys or those more easily engaging flight mechanisms tend to be easier to train compared to those displaying the natural donkey behaviour of fight. this context brings together the need to quantify such traits and to genetically select donkeys displaying a neutral reaction during training, because of its implication with handler/rider safety and trainability. we analysed the scores fo ... | 2018 | 29763646 |
| improved de novo genomic assembly for the domestic donkey. | donkeys and horses share a common ancestor dating back to about 4 million years ago. although a high-quality genome assembly at the chromosomal level is available for the horse, current assemblies available for the donkey are limited to moderately sized scaffolds. the absence of a better-quality assembly for the donkey has hampered studies involving the characterization of patterns of genetic variation at the genome-wide scale. these range from the application of genomic tools to selective breed ... | 2018 | 29740610 |
| biochemical blood analysis along pregnancy in martina franca jennies. | the availability of biochemical blood data specific for the pregnant condition are essential for the correct management of both normal pregnancies and also for the prompt recognition of every abnormality. because of the lacking knowledge about biochemical blood analysis in the donkey along the entire pregnancy, the study was designed to provide first preliminary data about the values and possible changes of blood alanine aminotransferase (alt), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), total bilirubin ( ... | 2018 | 29734125 |
| autopsy features of fatal donkey attack. | lethal donkey attacks have very rarely been described. the case of a 65-year-old man who was found deceased on a country road with 2 domestic donkeys nearby is, therefore, reported. examination of the body revealed contusions and lacerations of the face and scalp, a comminuted fracture of the left maxilla, comminuted fracturing of the right radius and ulna and of the left anterior superior iliac spine, a flail chest, and pulmonary contusions. in addition, there were bite marks on the left thigh, ... | 2018 | 29727315 |
| histomorphometric analysis of the choroid of donkeys, buffalos, camels and dogs. | the present study was carried out to investigate the morphological and histomorphometric characters of choroid in donkeys, buffalos, camels and dogs. | 2019 | 29721841 |
| shape variation and modularity of skull and teeth in domesticated horses and wild equids. | in horses, the morphological changes induced by the process of domestication are reportedly less pronounced than in other species, such as dogs or pigs - although the horses' disparity has rarely been empirically tested. we investigated shape differences and modularity of domesticated horses, przewalski's horses, donkeys and zebras. mandibular and tooth shape have been shown to be valuable features for differentiating wild and domesticated forms in some mammals. | 2018 | 29713365 |
| birth, evolution, and transmission of satellite-free mammalian centromeric domains. | mammalian centromeres are associated with highly repetitive dna (satellite dna), which has so far hindered molecular analysis of this chromatin domain. centromeres are epigenetically specified, and binding of the cenpa protein is their main determinant. in previous work, we described the first example of a natural satellite-free centromere on equus caballus chromosome 11. here, we investigated the satellite-free centromeres of equus asinus by using chip-seq with anti-cenpa antibodies. we identif ... | 2018 | 29712753 |
| effect of cooling rate on sperm quality of cryopreserved andalusian donkey spermatozoa. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cooling rates on post-thaw quality of cryopreserved donkey spermatozoa. eighteen ejaculates from six adult andalusian donkeys (three ejaculates per donkey) were collected using an artificial vagina. pooled semen samples (two ejaculates per pool) were divided into three aliquots, and frozen in gent freezing extender using three different cryopreservation protocols (p): p1 (conventional slow freezing, as control): semen pre-cooled in an ... | 2018 | 29699919 |
| fasciola hepatica eggs in paleofaeces of the persian onager equus hemionus onager, a donkey from chehrabad archaeological site, dating back to the sassanid empire (224-651 ad), in ancient iran. | fascioliasis is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease caused by the liver trematodes fasciola hepatica and f. gigantica. within the multidisciplinary initiative against this disease, there is the aim of understanding how this disease reached a worldwide distribution, with important veterinary and medical repercussions, by elucidating the spreading steps followed by the two fasciolids from their paleobiogeograhical origins. fasciola eggs were detected in paleofaeces of a donkey, probably the prese ... | 2018 | 29698771 |
| unraveling cryptic epizootiology of equid trypanosomosis in punjab state of india by parasitological and sero-molecular techniques. | to unravel equid trypanosomosis caused by trypanosoma evansi in punjab state of india, a cross sectional study was designed by utilizing parasitological and sero-molecular tools with objective to assess the prevalence of t. evansi in association with various risk factors in all agroclimatic zones of punjab state of india. parasitological romanowksy stained thin blood smears (rstbs) to detect patent infection, molecular techniques polymerase chain reaction i (pcr i; tbr 1/2 primers; targeting min ... | 2018 | 29698659 |
| status of theileriosis among herbivores in iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | theileriosis is a protozoal disease caused by theileria spp. mostly in warm-blooded vertebrates worldwide. it is one of the common tick-borne diseases among domestic animals in tropical and sub-tropical regions, which have a variety of unlikable effects on health economy and animal welfare. in the present study, the prevalence of theileriosis among domestic farm animals in iran was systematically evaluated. | 2018 | 29657426 |
| donkey milk kefir induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation of ehrlich ascites carcinoma by decreasing inos in mice. | donkey milk and donkey milk kefir exhibit antiproliferative, antimutagenic and antibacterial effects. we investigated the effects of donkey milk and donkey milk kefir on oxidative stress, apoptosis and proliferation in ehrlich ascites carcinoma (eac) in mice. thirty-four adult male swiss albino mice were divided into four groups as follows: group 1, administered 0.5 ml water; group 2, administered 0.5 ml water + eac cells; group 3, administered 0.5 ml donkey milk + eac cells; group 4, administer ... | 2018 | 29642726 |
| the stress response of ragusano donkey (equus asinus) to different semen collection techniques. | the aim of the present study was to characterize the stress response of donkeys to different semen collection techniques, comparing the physiological patterns of hormonal (adrenocorticotropic hormone: acth, cortisol) and biochemical variables (creatinine, total protein, urea, aspartate aminotransferase: ast, alanine aminotransferase: alt), and routine seminal parameters and sexual behaviour. twenty two healthy ragusano donkeys were used and were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups based on diff ... | 2017 | 29611652 |
| polymorphism at donkey β-lactoglobulin ii locus: identification and characterization of a new genetic variant with a very low expression. | in the last years, donkey milk had evidenced a renewed interest as a potential functional food and a breast milk substitute. in this light, the study of the protein composition assumes an important role. in particular, β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), which is considered as one of the main allergenic milk protein, in donkey species consists of two molecular forms, namely β-lg i and β-lg ii. in the present research, a genetic analysis coupled with a proteomic approach showed the presence of a new allele, ... | 2018 | 29572574 |
| sequence variation and detection of a functional promoter polymorphism in the lysozyme c-type gene from ragusano and grigio siciliano donkeys. | 2018 | 29569733 | |
| sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of low doses of xylazine with and without acepromazine in nordestino donkeys. | information on appropriate protocols for sedation of nordestino donkeys is scarce. | 2018 | 29569401 |
| risk factor meta-analysis and bayesian estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values for hypersensibility to cutaneous habronematidosis in donkeys. | cutaneous habronematidosis (ch) is a highly prevalent seasonally recurrent skin disease that affects donkeys as a result from the action of spirurid stomach worm larvae. carrier flies mistakenly deposit these larvae on previous skin lesions or on the moisture of natural orifices, causing distress and inflicting relapsing wounds to the animals. first, we carried out a meta-analysis of the predisposing factors that could condition the development of ch in andalusian donkeys. second, basing on the ... | 2018 | 29559159 |
| morphological and molecular characteristics of sarcocystis bertrami from horses and donkeys in china. | while sarcocystis parasites from the muscles of donkey and horse have been characterized as different species, similarities between the parasites in these host raises questions about this assignment (levine and tadros, 1980; matuschka, 1983; odening et al., 1995b). to resolve this, we examined the tissue cysts of sarcocystis collected from donkeys and horses were studied by morphological and molecular methods. morphological studies performed by light microscopy (lm) revealed that each of two typ ... | 2018 | 29559158 |
| prevalence of neospora spp. in donkeys in china. | this study was conducted to detect specific anti-neospora antibodies using a commercial competitive-inhibition elisa kit, and to evaluate the risk factors for neospora spp. infection. out of a total of 2,228 donkey sera collected in three provinces in china, 211 (9.5%) were found to be positive for anti-neospora antibodies. statistical analysis revealed that age (p = 0.019, or = 1.62, 95%ci: 1.08-2.44), feeding status (p < 0.001, or = 3.79, 95%ci: 2.65-5.43), miscarriage history (p = 0.006, or = ... | 2018 | 29557777 |
| trypanosoma equiperdum low molecular weight proteins as candidates for specific serological diagnosis of dourine. | the diagnosis of dourine can be difficult because the clinical signs of this disease in horses are similar to those of surra, caused by trypanosoma evansi. moreover, t. equiperdum and t. evansi are closely related and, so far, they cannot be distinguished using serological tests. in a previous work, the t. equiperdum protein pattern recognized by antibodies from dourine-infected horses and the humoral immune response kinetics were investigated by immunoblotting assay; a total of 20 sera from nat ... | 2018 | 29556505 |
| first genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii infection in donkey meat slaughtered for human consumption in shandong province, eastern china. | until now, limited information on the molecular epidemiology and genotypes of toxoplasma gondii infection in donkeys is available in china. thus, the present study was conducted to characterize t. gondii genotypes in donkeys, intended for human consumption in shandong province, eastern china. a total of 618 muscle tissue samples of donkeys was collected in shandong province from january 2016 to august 2017 and were used to detect the t. gondii b1 gene by a semi-nested pcr, and the positive sampl ... | 2018 | 29530661 |
| intraocular pressure reference intervals in eyes of clinically normal miniature donkeys (equus africanus asinus). | to determine intraocular pressure (iop) reference intervals in eyes of healthy miniature donkeys (equus africanus asinus) via rebound and applanation tonometry. | 2019 | 29517162 |
| reproductive parameters of donkey jacks undergoing puberty. | in male donkeys, puberty and the related events have been poorly characterized. the aim of this study was to evaluate the age at which male donkeys reach puberty, and characterize age associated changes in testicular size, testicular blood flow, serum testosterone concentration and semen quality. every two months, starting at 6 months and finishing at 24 months of age, five male donkeys born in may to july were subjected to b-mode ultrasound examination to assess testicular size and scrotum cont ... | 2018 | 29500053 |
| epidemiological survey of equine influenza in andalusia, spain. | equine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease considered the most important respiratory disease in equids. although influenza a virus (iav) has caused outbreaks in equids worldwide, surveillance in these species in spain has not been conducted. a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the individual and herd prevalence of antibodies against h3n8 and h7n7 iav in equids in andalusia (southern spain). antibodies againsts iav were measured by the single radial haemolysis as ... | 2018 | 29496107 |
| a study on prevalence and molecular characterization of trypanosomal species infecting equines in lahore region, pakistan. | trypanosomiasis is an important protozoal disease with a diverse range of susceptible host including human. in the current study, molecular characterization of prevalent species was done through a pan-trypanosome polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). a total of three hundred (n = 300) equines including horses, donkeys and mules (100 each) were randomly selected and the equine blood samples were subjected to screening for trypanosomes through ... | 2018 | 29491567 |
| the elephant - or donkey - in the exam room. | 2018 | 29490318 |