Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| comparative antibody response in harbour and grey seals naturally infected by a morbillivirus. | the antibody response of free-ranging harbour and grey seals, naturally infected by a morbillivirus, was assessed using a virus neutralizing test and a radio-immunoprecipitation assay. the prevalence of antibody was similar between species, however, grey seals had significantly higher virus neutralizing titers. serum from clinically healthy grey seals precipitated the nucleocapsid (n) protein along with the hemagglutinin (h) and fusion (f) glycoproteins. by contrast, significantly fewer harbour ... | 1997 | 9151405 |
| [the structure of the fragments of 3 exons of the myoglobin gene in the baikal seal phoca sibirica]. | three exon regions of the myoglobin gene of baikal seal phoca sibirica have been amplified and sequenced. the sequences have been found identical to those for the myoglobin gene of the north atlantic seal halichoerus grypus. thus, these seal species have separated not earlier than 2.2 billion years before present. | 1996 | 9092243 |
| histological, histochemical, and fine structural observations on the lymph node of the common seal (phoca vitulina) and the grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | the recent seal death epizootic prompted interest in their immune system, for which no current morphological data were available. | 1997 | 9026002 |
| morphometric study of specific heart granules in the grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | specific heart granules in the grey seal, halichoerus grypus, a marine mammal, were studied and compared with those in the wistar rat by ultrastructural morphometry. there is extreme paucity of these granules in atrial cells of the seal, even in the region of the golgi apparatus, compared with those in the rat. by numerical concentration, granules in the seal are 23 times fewer in number than in the rat. they are also fewer in number than in bats and hamsters for which data is available. the mea ... | 1996 | 8993626 |
| metabolic and hormonal changes during the molt of captive gray seals (halichoerus grypus). | body mass, resting metabolic rates (rmrs), and serum thyroid hormones concentrations of six captive gray seals (halichoerus grypus) were measured at regular intervals before, during, and after the annual molt. changes in body mass suggested that the animals had increased energy expenditures during the last stage of the molt. these were associated with significantly elevated rmrs during the molt, the increase being more pronounced in juveniles ( < or = 53%) than in adults ( < or = 17%). the incre ... | 1996 | 8928905 |
| use of electroejaculation to collect semen samples from wild seals. | semen samples were obtained from 7 adult male gray seals (halichoerus grypus) at a colony on sable island, nova scotia, canada, using a portable electroejaculation system. males were anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam. a probe was inserted in the rectum, and a progressive series of 10 to 15 stimulations (1 to 9 v, 25 to 750 ma) was applied. males ejaculated after 15 to 29 minutes of stimulation and produced ejaculates with volumes of 4 to 17 ml that had vigorous, motile spermatozoa. although ... | 1996 | 8899030 |
| the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the donkey and mtdna comparisons among four closely related mammalian species-pairs. | the nucleotide sequence of the complete mitochondrial genome of the donkey, equus asinus, was determined. the length of the molecule is 16,670 bp. the length, however, is not absolute due to pronounced heteroplasmy caused by variable numbers of two types of repetitive motifs in the control region. the sequence of the repeats is (a) 5'-cacaccca and (b) 5'-tgcgcgca, respectively. the order of (a) and (b) can be expressed as {n[2(a)+(b)]+m(a)}. in 32 different clones analyzed the number of n and m ... | 1996 | 8875857 |
| the mitochondrial dna molecule of sumatran orangutan and a molecular proposal for two (bornean and sumatran) species of orangutan. | the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) molecule of sumatran orangutan, plus the complete mitochondrial control region of another sumatran specimen and the control regions and five protein-coding genes of two specimens of bornean orangutan were sequenced and compared with a previously reported complete mtdna of bornean orangutan. the two orangutans are presently separated at the subspecies level. comparison with five different species pairs-namely, harbor seal/grey seal, horse/donkey, fin whale/b ... | 1996 | 8875856 |
| chromosome survey of seals in the baltic sea in 1988-1992. | the populations of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) and ringed seals (phoca hispida botnica) in the baltic sea have decreased very much, especially during the last decades. environmental pollution has been seen as an important cause. as top predators, the seals accumulate pollutants from their environment. high concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals have been found in seals from the baltic sea. in the present study the possible mutagenic effects of environmental pollutants on ... | 1996 | 8854834 |
| contribution of coplanar and non-coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls to the toxic equivalence of grey seal (halichoerus grypus) milk. | we measured the concentration of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners #77, #126 and #169 in the milk of 21 individual grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from the same scottish colony. using the toxic equivalency factors (tefs) of ahlborg et al. (1994) we found teqs ranged between 8.4 and 45.7 pg/g, with a mean of 22.3 +/- 9.3 pg/g on a lipid weight basis (n = 32). for some samples we also had concentrations of mono-ortho and di-orthochlorinated pcbs. inclusion of these congeners approx ... | 1996 | 8799994 |
| isolation of brucella species from cetaceans, seals and an otter. | brucella organisms which differed from the recognised species of the genus, were isolated from nine seals, eight cetaceans and one otter. a method is described for the isolation of brucella species from sea mammals and the first isolations of brucella species are recorded from an atlantic white-sided dolphin (lagenorhynchus acutus), two striped dolphins (stenella coeuleoalba), a hooded seal (cystophora cristata), a grey seal (halichoerus grypus) and a european otter (lutra lutra). there were dif ... | 1996 | 8799984 |
| the impact of the 1993 braer oil spill on grey seals in shetland. | signs of acute respiratory distress were reported in moulting grey seals (halichoerus grypus) hauled out on lady's holm, shetland, following the braer oil spill in january, 1993. behavioural observations carried out between 16 january and 13 february 1993 showed that the proportion of animals exhibiting a discharge of nasal mucus was significantly higher than the proportion at a control site in the north (papa stour). the proportion of animals affected on lady's holm increased for up to one mont ... | 1996 | 8685704 |
| an overview of exposure to, and effects of, petroleum oil and organochlorine pollution in grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | most incidences involving oil pollution of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) seem to have occurred at the breeding sites. because of the high concentration of animals at this time, even small oil spills will pollute many animals. as a result of chronic low-level pollution from coastal ship traffic and discharges from offshore petroleum activity in the north sea, approximately 50% of the grey seal pups at the largest breeding colony in norway are polluted each year by oil. in this case, as well as ... | 1996 | 8685703 |
| the "phoca standard": an external molecular reference for calibrating recent evolutionary divergences. | comparison of the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the high-arctic ringed seal (phoca hispida) and the sub-arctic harbour (p. vitulina) and grey (halichoerus grypus) seals shows that they are genetically equidistant from one another. we relate the evolutionary divergence of the three species to expanding glaciation in the arctic basin and establish, in conjunction with mtdna data, a standard reference for calibration of recent divergence events among mammalian taxa. in the present study, we ... | 1996 | 8660422 |
| organochlorine compounds in blubber, liver and brain in neonatal grey seal pups. | the present study focuses on the distribution and accumulation of persistent organochlorine compounds in different tissues and organs of grey seal (halichoerus grypus) pups. thus, levels of drins (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin), chlordanes (heptachlor, heptachlorepoxide, oxychlordane, transnonachlor), ddts (p,p'-dde, o,p'-ddd, p,p'-ddd, o,p'-ddt, p,p'-ddt) and 22 pcb congeners were determined in samples of brain, fat, and liver of 0-10 days old grey seal pups from the species' main breeding site in n ... | 1996 | 8653379 |
| isolation of a parapoxvirus from a grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | a grey seal (halichoerus grypus) developed cutaneous pocks which progressed to involve the skin extensively, necessitating euthanasia. macroscopically and histologically the lesions resembled previous descriptions of parapoxvirus infections of seals and virus particles were observed in preparations of a scab and a skin lesion. suspensions of the scab and skin lesion were prepared and inoculated on to monolayer cultures of grey seal kidney cells. after 25 days in culture and three passages, cytop ... | 1995 | 8644435 |
| selective retention of hydroxylated pcb metabolites in blood. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) are important environmental contaminants, and their toxicity to wildlife and humans are of major concern. pcbs form persistent and abundant metabolites, pcb methyl sulfones, that accumulate in biota. we now report that certain hydroxylated pcb metabolites show a strong and selective accumulation in mammalian blood. plasma from experimentally pcb-dosed rats and blood from environmentally exposed grey seals (halichoerus grypus) and humans were analyzed. among all p ... | 1994 | 8593850 |
| epizootiology of morbillivirus infection in north american harbor seals (phoca vitulina) and gray seals (halichoerus grypus). | a longitudinal study of morbillivirus infection among harbor (phoca vitulina) and gray (halichoerus grypus) seals on the atlantic coast of north america was carried out between 1980 and 1994. serology also was carried out on harbor seals from the pacific northwest coast collected in 1992 and 1993. the prevalence of morbillivirus neutralizing antibodies was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in gray (73%, n = 296) than in harbor seals (37%, n = 387) from the atlantic. titers were significantly (p ... | 1995 | 8592380 |
| leucocyte interleukin-1-like activity in the common seal (phoca vitulina) and grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | interleukin-1 (il-1) is an important cytokine with predominantly proinflammatory activities, which have been characterized in many mammals. this study showed the production of il-1-like bioactivity by cultured seal leucocytes. increasing concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (lps) (0-1 micrograms/ml) stimulated an increase in measurable il-1-like activity in cell culture supernates. this activity increased for the first 24 h after lps stimulation and the substance responsible had an apparent mole ... | 1995 | 8592051 |
| morbillivirus infections of aquatic mammals: newly identified members of the genus. | several disease outbreaks, which have caused the deaths of many thousands of seals and dolphins during the last decade, have now been attributed to infections with newly identified morbilliviruses. outbreaks in the late eighties amongst harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in northwestern europe and amongst baikal seals (phoca sibirica) in siberia were caused by the newly discovered phocine distemper virus and by a strain of canine distemper virus, respectively. alt ... | 1995 | 8588316 |
| lipoprotein lipase activity and its relationship to high milk fat transfer during lactation in grey seals. | lipoprotein lipase regulates the hydrolysis of circulating triglyceride and the uptake of fatty acids by most tissues, including the mammary gland and adipose tissue. thus, lipoprotein lipase is critical for the uptake and secretion of the long-chain fatty acids in milk and for the assimilation of a high-fat milk diet by suckling young. in the lactating female, lipoprotein lipase appears to be regulated such that levels in adipose tissue are almost completely depressed while those in the mammary ... | 1995 | 8576451 |
| microsatellite variation in grey seals (halichoerus grypus) shows evidence of genetic differentiation between two british breeding colonies. | eight highly variable microsatellite loci were used to examine the genetic variability and differentiation of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) at two widely spaced british breeding colonies. samples were collected from adults and pups on the island of north rona, off the north-west coast of scotland, and on the isle of may, situated at the mouth of the firth of forth on the east coast. highly significant differences in allele frequencies between these two sites were found for all eight loci, indi ... | 1995 | 8564005 |
| characterization of phocid herpesvirus-1 and -2 as putative alpha- and gammaherpesviruses of north american and european pinnipeds. | to study the relationships between herpesvirus recently isolated from different pinniped species, antigenic and genetic analyses were performed. first, herpesviruses isolated from north american harbour seals (phoca vitulina), a californian sea lion (zalophus californianus) and a european grey seal (halichoerus grypus) were examined in an enzyme immunoassay (eia) with a panel of monoclonal antibodies which had previously been shown to allow typing of herpesviruses from european harbour seals int ... | 1996 | 8558126 |
| levels of alpha-hch, lindane, and enantiomeric ratios of alpha-hch in marine mammals from the northern hemisphere. | the enantiomeric ratios of alpha-hch were determined by chiral gas chromatography in blubber of marine mammals from regions of the northern hemisphere (north sea, baltic sea, arctic and iceland). cetaceans (harbour porpoises and white-beaked dolphins) showed a preferential accumulation of (+)-alpha-hch. in blubber of harbour seals, grey seals and harp seals (+)-alpha-hch was also more abundant than (-)-alpha-hch. hooded seals formed an exception with a (+/-) enantiomeric ratio of alpha-hch < 1. | 1995 | 8528649 |
| prevalence of morbilliviruses among pinniped and cetacean species. | since 1987, morbillivirus infections have caused serious disease outbreaks with high mortality among aquatic mammals. baikal seals (phoca sibirica) in siberia were involved in an outbreak caused by a virus closely related to canine distemper virus (cdv) in 1987. harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in north-western europe were struck by a newly recognised morbillivirus of seals (pdv1). a serological survey has indicated that these morbillivirus infections frequently ... | 1993 | 8518442 |
| relationship between blood buffering properties, erythrocyte ph and water content, in gray seals (halichoerus grypus). | the separated plasma of gray seals (halichoerus grypus) has an unusually high non-bicarbonate buffering capacity (beta nb = d[hco3-]/dph = -21 slykes; slyke = mmol l-1 ph unit-1). to examine whether this represents a trait of mammalian carnivora, or is related instead to deep diving, we examined blood from dog and killer whale, respectively. the beta nb of separated plasma of dog was typically low (-4 to -8 slykes), as in other mammals, whereas that of the whale (-13.5 slykes), while significant ... | 1993 | 8475752 |
| the use of monoclonal antibodies specific for seal immunoglobulins in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect canine distemper virus-specific immunoglobulin in seal plasma samples. | a method is described for the measurement of antigen-specific immunoglobulin in seal pup plasmas. four monoclonal antibodies (h1a, h13a, h24b and h49a) raised against grey seal (halichoerus grypus) immunoglobulin were used in an elisa procedure. levels of canine distemper virus (cdv) specific macroglobulin (igm like protein) were found to peak approximately 10 days after the first vaccination. levels of other smaller cdv-specific immunoglobulins (igg like protein) also increased after vaccinatio ... | 1993 | 8459104 |
| growth in pinnipeds. | this review presents summary figures of, and fits growth curves to, data on body lengths (as standard length, sl, whenever possible) of pinnipeds at ages estimated to o.i y. (1) generalized von bertalanffy (vb) growth curves are fitted to most data: lx = l infinity (i - ea(x-x0)b, lx is length at age x, x0 is the origin of the curve (here chosen a priori as time of initiation of embryonic growth), l infinity is asymptotic length, a (which is negative) determines rate of approach to the asymptote ... | 1993 | 8457634 |
| phocine distemper in a harp seal (phoca groenlandica) from the gulf of st. lawrence, canada. | the first case of phocine distemper in a seal from canadian waters and the first case of clinical phocine distemper in a harp seal, phoca groenlandica, is reported. a two-month-old female harp seal stranded on prince edward island in may 1991. significant clinical findings were lethargy and severe conjunctivitis. pulmonary congestion was the main necropsy finding, and histological lesions included diffuse demyelinating nonsuppurative encephalitis and mild multifocal interstitial pneumonia. acido ... | 1993 | 8445769 |
| mammalian spinal biomechanics. ii. intervertebral lesion experiments and mechanisms of bending resistance. | three-point cyclic bending was applied to intervertebral joint complexes (three vertebrae with two intervertebral discs) of monkey (macaca fascicularis), wallaby (wallabia rufogrisea frutica), tiger (panthera tigris), jaguar (panthera onca) and seal (halichoerus grypus). force-displacement loops were recorded for intact specimens in both extension and flexion. reductions in peak forces at given displacements were measured, following lesions of ventral ligaments, superspinous ligaments, interspin ... | 1993 | 8440969 |
| mammalian spinal biomechanics. i. static and dynamic mechanical properties of intact intervertebral joints. | four-point bending was used to apply pure extension and flexion moments to the ligamentous lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle of monkey (macaca fascicularis), rabbit (domestic and wild, oryctolagus cuniculus), badger (meles meles), wallaby (wallabia rufogrisea frutica), sheep (ovis aries), seal (phoca vitulina) and tiger (panthera tigris). the absolute ranges of angular change in lumbar-lumbar joints (from x-radiographs) were considerable and similar in monkey and wallaby (greater in flexion) a ... | 1993 | 8440968 |
| cardiac responses of grey seals during diving at sea. | heart rate, swimming speed and diving depth data were collected from free-ranging grey seals, halichoerus grypus, as they foraged and travelled in the sea around the hebrides islands off western scotland. information was collected on a tracking yacht using a combination of sonic and radio telemetry. diving heart rate declined as a function of dive duration. in long dives, grey seals employed extreme bradycardia, with heart rates falling to 4 beats min-1 for extended periods, despite the animal b ... | 1993 | 8440964 |
| male mating success and paternity in the grey seal, halichoerus grypus: a study using dna fingerprinting. | grey seals breed colonially on remote coastal sites. within the colony, males compete aggressively for access to the females. we compare field observations of breeding behaviour with paternity, as determined by dna fingerprinting, in the breeding colony on the island of north rona. in 89% of cases where paternity was assigned, the father was observed near the mother during her perioestrous period, although in some cases this was discovered retrospectively. however, the most likely candidate male ... | 1993 | 8394580 |
| mixed poxvirus and calicivirus infections of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in cornwall. | 1993 | 8384390 | |
| fatty acid composition in liver and blubber of the saimaa ringed seal (phoca hispida saimensis) compared with that of the ringed seal (phoca hispida botnica) and grey seal (halichoerus grypus from the baltic. | 1. the main differences in fatty acid composition of blubber between the saimaa seal (phoca hispida saimensis) and the baltic seals (phoca hispida botnica and halichoerus grypus) were, that in fresh water the proportions of polyunsaturated c18 acids and arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6) were high. 2. the trend became more evident when data on ringed seals from northern oceans were compared with the present data. 3. the proportions of exogenous 20:1 and 22:1 were extremely low in ringed seals from ... | 1993 | 8365111 |
| follicular fluid composition in the grey seal (halichoerus grypus) during the oestrous cycle. | during the period of lactational oestrus, the corpus luteum of ovaries of grey seals decreased in size following the birth of the pup, while on the contralateral ovary one major large follicle rapidly expanded. these large follicles had the highest concentration of oestradiol (4282 +/- 609 ng ml-1) and progesterone (499 +/- 168 ng ml-1). osmolality (322 +/- 3 mosmol kg-1) and the intrafollicular concentration of electrolytes (na: 126 +/- 1; cl: 96 +/- 1; ca: 1.3 +/- 0.1 mumol ml-1) and proteins ... | 1993 | 8345458 |
| [accumulation of hydroxylated pcb metabolites in blood]. | in order to investigate some potential accumulate properties of hydroxylated pcb metabolites, blood and tissues such as livers, kidneys, lungs and adipose tissue from rats exposed to a commercial pcb (aroclor 1254) were analyzed for hydroxylated pcbs (oh-pcbs). a large number of oh-pcbs were detected in the liver 1 day after exposure among which almost 13 have been identified in the blood. oh-pcbs were retained selectively in the blood probably due to binding between the oh-pcbs and a protein in ... | 1993 | 8330845 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna molecule of the grey seal, halichoerus grypus, and a comparison with mitochondrial sequences of other true seals. | the sequence of the mtdna of the grey seal, halichoerus grypus, was determined. the length of the molecule was 16,797 base pairs. the organization of the molecule conformed with that of other eutherian mammals but the control region was unusually long due to the presence of two types of repeated motifs. the grey seal and the previously reported harbor seal, phoca vitulina, belong to different but closely related genera of family phocidae, true (or earless) seals. in order to determine the degree ... | 1993 | 8308902 |
| larval nematodes infecting amphiporeia virginiana (amphipoda: pontoporeioidea) on sable island, nova scotia. | three species of larval nematodes were found infecting the nearshore subtidal amphipod amphiporeia virginiana collected from beaches on sable island, nova scotia. five and 2 sealworms, pseudoterranova decipiens s.l., were found in 2,020 and 2,044 amphipods, respectively, collected in 1991 and 1992, dissected, and examined microscopically. two sealworms, 1 paracuaria adunca and 1 ascarophis sp., were found in 5,157 amphipods collected in 1992 and enzymatically digested. infection with each specie ... | 1993 | 8277392 |
| identification and partial characterization of common seal (phoca vitulina) and grey seal (haliochoerus grypus) interleukin-6-like activities. | interleukin-6 (il-6) is a pleiotropic molecule with many important immune modulatory actions. we have investigated the production of biological activity of this cytokine in two species of european seal. il-6-like activity was detected in supernatants from cultured peripheral blood leucocytes. this il-6-like activity had an apparent molecular weight of 17-26 kda, similar to that of human il-6. il-6-like activity was also detected in plasma taken from seals with symptoms of systemic infection, but ... | 1993 | 8270096 |
| effects of fasting and lactation on blood chemistry and urine composition in the grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | 1. the effect of fasting and lactation on osmolality, electrolytes, zinc, protein, urea, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase and vitamin c (ascorbic acid) in plasma and urine was studied in grey seals (halichoerus grypus) during the breeding season. 2. plasma osmolality, electrolytes and proteins were not affected by lactation in females or by suckling and post-weaning fast in pups. higher levels of calcium, potassium and zinc were observed in fetal compared to maternal plasma. low urea levels in pl ... | 1993 | 8101164 |
| effects of energy mobilization during fasting and lactation on plasma metabolites in the grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | 1. the effects of fasting and lactation on plasma metabolites and insulin as well as morphometric parameters related to the mobilization of energy reserves were investigated in grey seals (halichoerus grypus) of different ages and sex during the 4 week terrestrial breeding period on sable island, ns, canada. 2. clear differences in body length and girth between the sexes were already recognizable in juveniles. fasting and lactation caused a marked decrease in adipose tissue thickness and girth i ... | 1993 | 8101163 |
| organochlorine contamination in pinnipeds. | organochlorines, such as pcbs and ddt, are ubiquitous contaminants. most studies reporting concentrations of organochlorines in pinnipeds have investigated ringed, grey, and harbour seals. very few studies have been carried out on pinnipeds from the southern hemisphere. pre-1980, the highest mean wet-weight blubber concentrations of ddt and related metabolites (911 +/- 582 micrograms g-1) were recorded in sea lions from california. the highest pre-1980 blubber concentrations of pcbs (1470 +/- 92 ... | 1994 | 8029490 |
| parapox infection in grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in cornwall. | in the winter of 1991/92 there was an outbreak of parapox infection in grey seals (halichoerus grypus) around the coast of cornwall. pups were cared for at a seal rehabilitation centre and the infection occurred in most of them. the presence of parapox virus was confirmed by electron microscopy. the clinical and pathological findings, together with details of the morphology of the virus, are compared with those in previous outbreaks in north america. | 1994 | 8009786 |
| diseases and environmental contaminants in seals from the baltic and the swedish west coast. | investigations have shown that baltic grey seal (halichoerus grypus) and ringed seal (phoca hispida) suffer from a disease complex described as a primary lesion in the adrenals causing secondary reactions in various other organs. studies on historical baltic grey seal skull bone material show that the prevalence of affected animals started to increase after world war ii. the disease complex explains the dramatic decrease in the baltic grey and ringed seal population during the 1960s and 1970s an ... | 1994 | 7973608 |
| the metabolic characteristics of the locomotory muscles of grey seals (halichoerus grypus), harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and antarctic fur seals (arctocephalus gazella). | it is not known precisely how marine mammals are able to maintain muscle function during active swimming in breath-hold dives, when ventilation stops and heart rate falls. examination of muscle biochemistry and histochemistry can provide information on the relative importance of different metabolic pathways, the contractile potential of the muscle fibres, the oxygen storage capacity of the muscle and the capillary distribution in these animals. in this study, samples of locomotory muscle were ta ... | 1994 | 7964404 |
| nasal heat and water exchange is not an effector mechanism for water balance regulation in grey seals. | phocid seals may effectively restrict respiratory heat and water loss by nasal heat and water exchange (nhe), and respiratory heat loss is, in fact, subject to thermoregulatory control. we have investigated whether phocid seals also control nhe and respiratory water loss to regulate water balance. three resting juvenile female grey seals (halichoerus grypus) were subjected to: (i) 5 days of food and water deprivation, (ii) intravenous infusion of 1000 ml of a hypersomotic (930 mm) solution of th ... | 1994 | 7942059 |
| gas exchange of captive freely diving grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | when at sea, phocids dive for long periods and spend a high percentage of their time submerged. this behaviour requires some combination of an increased oxygen storage capacity, rapid oxygen loading at the surface and reduced oxygen utilisation when submerged. to assess these adaptations, breath-by-breath ventilation was studied in four adult grey seals (two male, two female, 160-250 kg), freely diving in a large outdoor tank where surface access was restricted to one breathing hole. the dive pa ... | 1994 | 7931034 |
| transfer of fat-soluble vitamins and pcbs from mother to pups in grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | lactation in seals is characterized by a rapid and enormous lipid transfer from mother to pups within a milk rich in lipids. since grey seals do not feed during lactation, all milk constituents are solely derived from body stores. monitoring levels of fat-soluble vitamins as well as pcbs in blubber and milk may give an insight into the mechanisms involved in their mobilization from blubber, transfer into milk and deposition in the blubber of pups. during lactation, total lipids in milk increased ... | 1994 | 7881814 |
| isolation of a parapoxvirus from pox-like lesions in grey seals. | 1994 | 7794344 | |
| isolation of parapoxvirus from grey seals. | 1995 | 7740722 | |
| milk intake, growth and energy consumption in pups of ice-breeding grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from the gulf of st. lawrence, canada. | in this study we document growth, milk intake and energy consumption in nursing pups of ice-breeding grey seals (halichoerus grypus). change in body composition of the pups, change in milk composition as lactation progresses, and mass transfer efficiency between nursing mothers and pups are also measured. mass transfer efficiency between mother-pup pairs (n = 8) was 42.5 +/- 8.4%. pups were gaining a daily average of 2.0 +/- 0.7 kg (n = 12), of which 75% was fat, 3% protein and 22% water. the to ... | 1995 | 7738230 |
| a molecular view of pinniped relationships with particular emphasis on the true seals. | phylogenetic analysis of conservative nucleotide substitutions in 18 complete sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of phocidae (true seals), odobenidae (walruses), and otariidae (sea lions and fur seals), plus three ursid and three felid sequences, identified the pinnipeds as monophyletic with otariidae and odobenidae on a common evolutionary branch. analysis of total nucleotide differences separated the evolutionary lineages of northern and southern phocids. both lineages are distin ... | 1995 | 7714914 |
| organochlorine and mercury contamination in united kingdom seals. | in 1988 and 1989 tissue samples were obtained from the grey seal (halichoerus grypus) population found in the dee estuary in the north west of england and from harbour seals (phoca vitulina) from the populations in the wash and north east scotland and analysed for mercury and organochlorine compounds. adult seals from the dee estuary were highly contaminated with mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and one animal from the dee contained traces of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt), s ... | 1993 | 7682371 |
| pineal and thyroid functions in newborn seals. | daily variations of pineal and plasma melatonin and plasma thyroid hormones were measured in harp seals (phoca groenlandica), grey seals (halichoerus grypus), and hooded seals (cystophora cristata), ranging in age from newborn to 14 days. in newborn harp seals the mean mass of the pineal gland was 273 mg (+/- 45 sem, n = 11), containing 49 ng (median) melatonin. in newborn, 4- and 10-day-old grey seals, the pineal mass was similar, weighing on average 337 mg (+/- 74, n = 6) and containing 90 ng ... | 1995 | 7628691 |
| genetic variation in phoca vitulina (the harbour seal) revealed by dna fingerprinting and rapds. | genetic variation in two harbour seal (phoca vitulina) populations from the dutch wadden sea and scotland was examined by rapd analysis and dna fingerprinting. for comparison a population of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) was studied. the rapd method revealed a very low number of polymorphic bands. the multilocus dna fingerprinting technique showed very low levels of variation both within and between populations of the harbour seals. for one probe a significant difference in variation between p ... | 1995 | 7615403 |
| identification, characterisation, and measurement of immunoglobulin concentrations in grey (haliocherus grypus) and common (phoca vitulina) seals. | concentrations of macroglobulin, total gammaglobulin, and a gammaglobulin subclass were measured in grey and common seals. in pups, immunoglobulin m (igm) was found to rise rapidly, concentrations reaching adult values by approximately 14 days postpartum. total igg concentrations increased more slowly, only approaching 50% of juvenile and adult male values by 30 days after birth. concentrations of the igg subclass did not change significantly postpartum. total igg concentrations measured in adul ... | 2006 | 7535255 |
| organochlorine residues in two seal species from western iceland. | harbour seals and grey seals from faxaflói (western iceland) were analyzed for contamination with organochlorines (hcb, pcbs, p,p'-ddt,p,p'-dde, chlordanes and the enantiomers of alpha-hch). although the values strongly varied, both harbour seals and grey seals on averaged showed comparable levels of pcbs, p,p'-ddt, p,p'-dde and alpha-hch, as well as chlordanes (sigma cd). differences were measured in the hcb content of the seal species. the hcb/alpha-hch ratio in harbour seals was < 1 and in gr ... | 1995 | 7481739 |
| the pathology of the grey seal (haliochoerus grypus). i. pups. | 1980 | 7407541 | |
| adaptive hormone changes in harp seals, phoca groenlandica, and gray seals, halichoerus grypus, during the postnatal period. | 1980 | 7372092 | |
| cyclic dermatitis associated with fusarium sp infection in pinnipeds. | dermatitis associated with fusarium sp infection developed in 3 california sea lions (zalophus californianus) and 3 gray seals (halichoerus grypus) at the national zoological park in washington dc. the lesions were papular or nodular and were distributed mainly on the face, trunk, and flippers. one sea lion died 6 weeks after extensive cutaneous involvement. the lesions regressed after 1 mild exacerabtion in the other 2 sea lions. in the gray seals, the skin condition appeared to worsen during t ... | 1981 | 7328003 |
| the pathology of the grey seal (haliochoerus grypus). ii. juveniles and adults. | 1980 | 7225770 | |
| [post-mortem findings in seals which died in nature (author's transl)]. | the findings in seals submitted to the research institute for nature management, arnhem, for post-mortem examination during the period from 1960 to 1981 are reviewed with reference to three tables. a striking feature was the large proportion (55 per cent) of young seals, well over 38 percent of which died in the first two months of life. there also was a large proportion of young seals and yearlings with parasitic infections, which would appear to suggest that it is difficult for the young anima ... | 1982 | 7101258 |
| luteal regression, follicle growth and the concentration of some plasma steroids during lactation in grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | ovaries of lactating grey seals, which had been shot, were measured to obtain the size of each follicle and corpus luteum. plasma samples were collected by temporarily immobilizing lactating females. the single corpus luteum regressed rapidly after pupping and circulating progesterone levels declined at parturition and remained low throughout most of lactation. a single wave of follicular growth began about the time of parturition and gave rise to a single mature follicle towards the end of lact ... | 1983 | 6887132 |
| the ancestral karyotype of carnivora: comparison with that of platyrrhine monkeys. | the karyotypes of six species of carnivora (mungos mungo, paradoxurus hermaphroditus, potos flavus, mustela furo, felis serval, and halichoerus grypus), representative of five different families, were studied and compared. correspondence between almost all chromosome segments was found, and a presumed ancestral karyotype of carnivora is proposed. analogies to human chromosomes are also given, and the results obtained are in excellent agreement with previously published gene mapping data on man a ... | 1983 | 6861525 |
| cardiac output and its distribution through capillaries and a-v shunts in diving seals. | regional blood flow and cardiac output were determined by distribution of radioactive microspheres injected via catheter into the left ventricle during experimental diving and recovery in juvenile spotted seals (phoca vitulina largha) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus). cardiac output was 9.7 l/min before diving, declined 90% during submersion and increased to 12.1 l/min after 40 s of recovery. left ventricular myocardial perfusion declined from 179 +/- 24 (21) to 25 +/- 2 (6) ml/min . 100 g at ... | 1983 | 6624500 |
| organization of the human myoglobin gene. | cross-hybridization of the grey seal myoglobin gene to human dna detected a single human myoglobin gene plus an extensive family of sequences apparently related to the central exon of this gene. the functional human gene is 10.4 kb long and has a haemoglobin-like three exon/two intron structure with long non-coding regions similar to its seal homologue. at least 300 bp of 5'-flanking region are closely homologous between the two genes, with the exception of a divergent purine-rich region 68-114 ... | 1984 | 6571704 |
| gonadotrophin and progesterone concentrations in placentae of grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | chorionic gonadotrophin (cg) measured by bioassay and progesterone by immunoassay were present in the placentae of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from about 20 days after implantation until parturition. during this period a small and significant decrease in the concentration and a large increase in the total amount of placental cg occurred. the biological activity of seal placental cg was neutralized with an anti-hcg serum. there was a correlation between fetal length and the total amount of pr ... | 1984 | 6512774 |
| molecular cloning of seal myoglobin mrna. | grey seal skeletal muscle containing high levels of myoglobin was used to prepare poly(a)+ rna. in vitro translation of this rna produced a range of polypeptides including myoglobin. cdna was prepared by reverse transcription of muscle poly(a)+ rna and cloned into the plasmid pat 153. 4% of cdna recombinants were shown to contain myoglobin cdna inserts. dna sequence analysis of one clone (psm 178) which contained a relatively large myoglobin cdna insert showed an incomplete cdna comprising the t ... | 1982 | 6185919 |
| characterization of ethoxyresorufin o-de-ethylase in grey seal halichoerus grypus. | ethoxyresorufin o-de-ethylase (erod), a typical mixed function oxidase enzyme, was studied in liver and kidney of adult and pup grey seals, halichoerus grypus. erod activity was present in most liver samples but was only barely detectable in a few of the kidney samples. liver erod activity was greatest at ph 7.5-8.0; activity increased with temperature from 20 degrees c to a plateau starting at about 33 degrees c and extending to 37 degrees c, and fell off sharply above 37 degrees c. km values r ... | 1984 | 6151450 |
| candidiasis in captive pinnipeds. | diagnosis, treatment, and possible pathogenesis of candidiasis were studied in 5 species of pinnipeds in captivity: gray seal (halichoerus grypus), harbor seal (phoca vitulina), northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus), california sea lion (zalophus californianus), and northern elephant seal (mirounga angustirostris). the animals were kept outdoors in a freshwater exhibit. candidiasis was characterized by purulent nasal discharge, inflammation of the lips at the mucocutaneous junction, periocular ... | 1984 | 6096327 |
| breeding behavior in a colony of western atlantic gray seals. | 1967 | 6073489 | |
| blood values in young gray seals. | 1971 | 5571825 | |
| the karyotype of the grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | 1970 | 5525744 | |
| uterine tumours in a grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | 1971 | 5105853 | |
| [the reproduction of the grey seal, halichoerus grypus fabricius, in brittany]. | 1974 | 4448304 | |
| the lipid composition of the blood of marine mammals. ii. atlantic bottlenose dolphins, tursiops truncatus and two species of seals, halichoerus grypus and phoca vitulina. | 1971 | 4330449 | |
| energy sources in fasting grey seal pups evaluated with computed tomography. | grey seal pups (halichoerus grypus) were collected at the time of weaning (early november) and starved for 31 days at thermoneutrality. during starvation body weight decreased linearly, whereas metabolic rate was stable at 1.58 +/- 0.13 (sd) w x kg-1. metabolic rate as related to body weight was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than predicted by kleiber (the fire of life, new york: kreiger, 1975). respiratory quotient averaged 0.67 +/- 0.03 during the 1st wk but increased to an average of ... | 1985 | 4051033 |
| use of carfentanil and a ketamine-xylazine mixture to immobilise wild grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | carfentanil was used to anaesthetise 46 adult grey seals (halichoerus grypus) on 78 occasions during two breeding seasons. the mean dose was 9.92 micrograms/kg bodyweight during the first season and 10.22 micrograms/kg during the second. naloxone hydrochloride was used as the antagonist, averaging 0.53 mg/kg and 1.73 mg/kg over the two periods although the latter is probably unnecessarily high. ketamine and xylazine at a ratio of 5:1 were also used during the same two seasons, 57 seals being ana ... | 1985 | 3984197 |
| potentially conflicting metabolic demands of diving and exercise in seals. | metabolic replacement rates (ra) for glucose and free fatty acids (ffa) were determined during rest, exercise, and diving conditions in the gray seal using bolus injections of radiotracers. in the exercise experiments the seal swam at a metabolic rate elevated twofold over resting ra for glucose and ffa while resting were similar to values found in terrestrial mammals and other marine mammal species. during exercise periods glucose turnover increased slightly while ffa turnover changes were vari ... | 1985 | 3980347 |
| retinal epithelial fine structure in the grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | the morphology of the retinal epithelium and the closely associated choriocapillaris and bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) has been investigated in the eye of the grey seal (halichoerus grypus) by electron microscopy. the retinal epithelium is composed of a single layer of cuboidal cells joined laterally by apically-located junctional complexes. basally (sclerally) these cells display numerous infoldings while apically (vitreally) abundant processes enclose rod outer segments. internally the ... | 1986 | 3811817 |
| fine structure of the tapetum cellulosum of the grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | the morphology of the tapetum lucidum of the grey seal (halichoerus grypus) has been studied by light and electron microscopy. the reflective layer in this species is a tapetum cellulosum situated in the choroid and covering the entire effective fundus. posteriorly the tapetum is composed of 30-35 layers of flattened polygonal cells. this number gradually declines to 15-20 layers in the extreme periphery. near the retinal epithelial layer the tapetal cells are larger and more regular (brick-like ... | 1986 | 3788459 |
| gonadotrophin in the term placenta of the dolphin (tursiops truncatus), the californian sea lion (zalophus californianus), the grey seal (halichoerus grypus) and man. | chorionic gonadotrophin activity in extracts of the term placenta of a dolphin, a sea lion and a grey seal was measured by its effectiveness in increasing uterine weight in the mouse and by solid-phase ria using hcg as immunogen and labelled antigen. bioreactive (b) gonadotrophin was found in these placentae and, compared to the human term placenta, the concentration of cg in the dolphin was higher, in the sea lion similar and in the grey seal lower. the biological activity in each species was n ... | 1986 | 3701703 |
| vitamin a status in the grey seal (halichoerus grypus) on sable island. | vitamin a and beta-carotene concentrations in serum, liver and blubber fat were investigated in 65 grey seals of different age and sex in the pupping colony on sable island, canada to determine the vitamin a status. in none of the investigated samples could beta-carotene be detected. there were no differences in the concentration of vitamin a in serum, liver and blubber between male (213 micrograms/l, 376 micrograms/g, 22 micrograms/g respectively) and female (205 micrograms/l, 319 micrograms/g, ... | 1987 | 3679694 |
| ascorbic acid concentrations in serum and urine of the grey seal (halichoerus grypus) on sable island. | 1987 | 3654117 | |
| causes of mortality and morbidity in wild juvenile and adult grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | 1987 | 3594192 | |
| protein sequence evidence for monophyly of the carnivore families procyonidae and mustelidae. | the amino acid sequence of the eye lens protein alpha-crystallin a of the ring-tailed cat, bassariscus astutus, has been determined. the sequence of the bassariscus alpha a chain, which is 173 residues long, was compared with the previously determined set of 41 mammalian alpha a sequences. among the investigated carnivores (dog, cat, sloth bear, american mink, gray seal, and california sea lion) the bassariscus alpha a sequence exclusively shares two amino acid replacements with the alpha a chai ... | 1986 | 3444403 |
| nasal heat and water exchange in gray seals. | metabolic rate (mr), expired air temperature (tex), respiratory frequency (f), respiratory minute volume (v), and skin (ts) and body (tb) temperatures were recorded in three gray seals (halichoerus grypus) at ambient air temperatures (ta) between -40 and +20 degrees c. at ta within the thermoneutral zone, mr averaged 3.7 w.kg-0.75, while mean v was 0.26 1.min-1.kg-0.75. at ta below -11 degrees c [apparent lower critical temperature (tlc)], both mr and v increased linearly with decreasing ta. ave ... | 1987 | 3425766 |
| the use of a ketamine-diazepam mixture to immobilise wild grey seals (halichoerus grypus) and southern elephant seals (mirounga leonina). | a mixture of ketamine and diazepam, at doses of 6 mg/kg and 0.30 mg/kg respectively, proved to be a reliable and reasonably safe immobilisation agent for field work on grey and southern elephant seals. it was better than previously reported drugs used either singly or in combination. | 1988 | 3195003 |
| further studies on grey seal (halichoerus grypus) pup mortality on north rona. | 1988 | 3191378 | |
| sealpox in captive grey seals (halichoerus grypus) and their handlers. | histopathologic, ultrastructural, and negative-staining studies indicated that nodular lesions on the flippers, head, and necks of recently weaned, captive grey seals (halichoerus grypus) were similar to sealpox lesions reported from several other species of seals. virions associated with the nodules were characteristic of the parapoxvirus subgroup of pox viruses. two of the three persons handling the seals developed nodular lesions similar to "milker's nodules," the characteristic lesion in per ... | 1987 | 3029439 |
| weight loss and catabolic adaptations to starvation in grey seal pups. | five grey seal pups lost from 18 to 32% of their initial body weight during a 21 day starvation period. blubber fat mass density was 0.93 +/- 0.03 g/cm3. a considerable loss of blubber fat was recorded, but analysis of the weight loss and body size data indicated that blubber fat was retained for thermoregulatory reasons, particularly in the lean, smaller seals. it is possible that phocid seals during periods of negative energy balance have a higher rate of protein catabolism than normal for ter ... | 1985 | 2867854 |
| in vitro effect of ivermectin on pseudoterranova decipiens survival. | third larval stages (l3) removed from fish fillets, fourth larval stages (l4) raised in in vitro culture, and adults of pseudoterranova decipiens, collected from grey seal (halichoerus grypus) stomachs, were exposed to the broad spectrum anthelmintic, ivermectin. l3 and l4 parasites were exposed, in vitro, to 500, 100, 50, 20, 5 and 1 micrograms/ml concentrations of the drug, in culture media. adult p. decipiens were exposed in vitro to a concentration of 500 micrograms/ml ivermectin, only. cont ... | 1989 | 2723387 |
| natural causes of death in non-suckling grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | thirty-four grey seals which died of natural causes were examined. they ranged in age from aborted fetuses to adults, but suckling pups were excluded from the study. the commonest primary cause of death was pneumonia and a variety of parasitoses occurred as secondary lesions. | 1989 | 2595979 |
| pollution-associated uterine lesions in grey seals from the liverpool bay area of the irish sea. | 1989 | 2510393 | |
| characterisation of the european seal morbillivirus. | the elisa test originally developed for the detection of serum antibodies to rinderpest virus has been shown to detect cross-reacting antibodies in sera of diseased common and grey seals. analysis of sera collected from various seal populations is in progress to establish the correlation between different morbillivirus neutralisation tests, elisa tests and the disease status of the animals. rna purified from post-mortem tissues removed from diseased seals has been analysed by hybridisation with ... | 1990 | 2402877 |
| pathological findings indicative of distemper in european seals. | the first recorded cases of the recent epizootic were harbour seals observed at the danish island of anholt, 12 april 1988. the disease then spread throughout the sea waters of north-western europe. the total mortality in europe up to november 1988, was estimated to be at least 17,000 seals. the mortality rate in danish-swedish waters was about 60%. autopsies including sampling for histology of most organs were performed on 37 harbour seals and 12 grey seals, collected mainly at the swedish west ... | 1990 | 2402876 |
| depressed metabolism and low protein catabolism in fasting grey seal pups. | grey seal pups (halichoerus grypus) were collected at the time of weaning (mid-october) and fasted for 52 days at thermoneutrality in separate cages. body weight decreased exponentially, while metabolic rate dropped 45% from an average of 2.95 +/- 0.15 (sem) w kg-1 at day 2 of fasting to a stable level of 1.62 +/- 0.06 (sem) w kg-1 from day 10 to day 47 of fasting. respiratory quotient was low, indicating extensive catabolism of triglycerides, while plasma cortisol was fairly stable at 110 +/- 8 ... | 1990 | 2368622 |
| grey seal (halichoerus grypus) milk composition and its variation over lactation. | analysis of 56 samples of grey seal milk produced a mean composition of 50% fat, 36.2% water, 12% protein, 0.7% lactose and 0.8% ash. for the first 3 days of lactation the fat content was particularly low while the water content was high, but during lactation the fat content increased whilst the water content fell. no trends were seen in protein, lactose or ash content. | 1990 | 2364254 |
| use of a tiletamine-zolazepam mixture to immobilise wild grey seals and southern elephant seals. | a mixture of tiletamine and zolazepam at a combined dose of 1 mg/kg was a reliable and safe agent for immobilising wild grey seals (halichoerus grypus) and southern elephant seals (mirouga leonina). the agent had a number of advantages over all the other agents used previously. | 1990 | 2309387 |