Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| babesia microti-like infections are prevalent in north american foxes. | babesia microti-like organisms have recently been identified as a cause of hemolytic anemia and azotemia in european dogs. a genetically and morphologically similar b. microti-like parasite has been identified in two foxes from north america. in order to assess the prevalence of this parasite in north american wild canids we screened blood samples from coyotes (canis latrans) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from eastern canada and red foxes and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) from north caro ... | 2010 | 20580162 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the red fox (vuples vuples) and phylogenetic analysis with other canid species. | the whole mitochondrial genome sequence of red fox (vuples vuples) was determined. it had a total length of 16 723 bp. as in most mammal mitochondrial genome, it contained 13 protein coding genes, two ribosome rna genes, 22 transfer rna genes and one control region. the base composition was 31.3% a, 26.1% c, 14.8% g and 27.8% t, respectively. the codon usage of red fox, arctic fox, gray wolf, domestic dog and coyote followed the same pattern except for an unusual att start codon, which initiates ... | 2010 | 20545001 |
| canine schistosomiasis in north america: an underdiagnosed disease with an expanding distribution. | heterobilharzia americana, a digenean trematode in the family schistosomatidae, is the etiologic agent of canine schistosomiasis in the southeastern united states.1 a few cases of canine schistosomiasis have been reported in florida, louisiana, north carolina, texas, and, recently, kansas.1-6 the natural definitive host for the fluke is the raccoon1; however, infections have been detected in nutrias, bobcats, mountain lions, opossums, white-tailed deer, swamp rabbits, armadillos, coyotes, red wo ... | 2010 | 20473851 |
| ecophysiology of riparian cottonwood and willow before, during, and after two years of soil water removal. | riparian cottonwood/willow forest assemblages are highly valued in the southwestern united states for their wildlife habitat, biodiversity, and watershed protection. yet these forests are under considerable threat from climate change impacts on water resources and land-use activities to support human enterprise. stream diversions, groundwater pumping, and extended drought have resulted in the decline of cottonwood/willow forests along many riparian corridors in the southwest and, in many cases, ... | 2010 | 20405792 |
| a deer-coyote episode. | 1947 | 20295987 | |
| captive coyotes compared to their counterparts in the wild: does environmental enrichment help? | this article attempts to determine the effects of environment (captive or wild) and a simple form of environmental enrichment on the behavior and physiology of a nonhuman animal. specifically, analyses first compared behavioral budgets and stereotypic behavior of captive coyotes (canis latrans) in kennels and pens to their counterparts in the wild. second, experiments examined the effect of a simple form of environmental enrichment for captive coyotes (food-filled bones) on behavioral budgets, s ... | 2009 | 20183476 |
| genetic differentiation of eastern wolves in algonquin park despite bridging gene flow between coyotes and grey wolves. | distinguishing genetically differentiated populations within hybrid zones and determining the mechanisms by which introgression occurs are crucial for setting effective conservation policy. extensive hybridization among grey wolves (canis lupus), eastern wolves (c. lycaon) and coyotes (c. latrans) in eastern north america has blurred species distinctions, creating a canis hybrid swarm. using complementary genetic markers, we tested the hypotheses that eastern wolves have acted as a conduit of se ... | 2010 | 20160760 |
| elucidating the spread of the emerging canid nematode angiostrongylus vasorum between palaearctic and nearctic ecozones. | angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging parasite that is currently distributed through western europe and parts of south america. an isolated population is also present in newfoundland, canada. this presents a risk of onward spread into north america, but its origin is unknown. to ascertain the phylogeographic relationships and genetic diversity of a. vasorum within the western palaearctic and eastern nearctic ecozones, a total of 143 adult and larval nematode specimens were collected from foxes ... | 2010 | 20139034 |
| aggression and rabid coyotes, massachusetts, usa. | 2010 | 20113587 | |
| colonization history and ancestry of northeastern coyotes. | 2010 | 20089539 | |
| jasmonate and pphsystemin regulate key malonylation steps in the biosynthesis of 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides, an abundant and effective direct defense against herbivores in nicotiana attenuata. | we identified 11 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides (hgl-dtgs) that occur in concentrations equivalent to starch (mg/g fresh mass) in aboveground tissues of coyote tobacco (nicotiana attenuata) and differ in their sugar moieties and malonyl sugar esters (0-2). concentrations of hgl-dtgs, particularly malonylated compounds, are highest in young and reproductive tissues. within a tissue, herbivore elicitation changes concentrations and biosynthetic kinetics of individual compounds. usi ... | 2010 | 20081114 |
| [seroprevalence of antibodies anti-neospora caninum and anti-toxoplasma gondii in captive wild canids]. | neosporosis is considered one of the main cause of abortion in dairy cattle in the world. the prevalence of neospora caninum in wild species has been studied since the coyote (canis latrans), a north american wild canid specie was discovered as definitive host of this parasite. the aim of the present study was to determine the serum prevalence of n. caninum and t. gondii in wild native canids species from brazil. serum samples of 25 crab-eating dogs (cerdocyon thous), five pampas fox (lycalopex ... | 2008 | 20059860 |
| identification of in vivo-induced conserved sequences from yersinia pestis during experimental plague infection in the rabbit. | in an effort to identify the novel virulence determinants of yersinia pestis, we applied the gene "discovery" methodology, in vivo-induced (ivi) antigen technology, to detect genes upregulated during infection in a laboratory rabbit model for bubonic plague. after screening over 70,000 escherichia coli clones of y. pestis dna expression libraries, products from 25 loci were identified as being seroreactive to reductively adsorbed, pooled immune serum. upon sequence analysis of the predicted ivi ... | 2010 | 20055582 |
| oral rabies vaccination in north america: opportunities, complexities, and challenges. | steps to facilitate inter-jurisdictional collaboration nationally and continentally have been critical for implementing and conducting coordinated wildlife rabies management programs that rely heavily on oral rabies vaccination (orv). formation of a national rabies management team has been pivotal for coordinated orv programs in the united states of america. the signing of the north american rabies management plan extended a collaborative framework for coordination of surveillance, control, and ... | 2009 | 20027214 |
| seroprevalence of trypanosoma cruzi among eleven potential reservoir species from six states across the southern united states. | trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas' disease, is a substantial public health concern in latin america. although rare in humans and domestic animals in the united states, t. cruzi is commonly detected in some wildlife species, most commonly raccoons (procyon lotor) and virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana). to increase our understanding of the reservoir host species range and geographic distribution, 11 species of mammals from six states spanning the known range of t. cruzi (arizo ... | 2010 | 20020815 |
| bartonella rochalimae in raccoons, coyotes, and red foxes. | to determine additional reservoirs for bartonella rochalimae, we examined samples from several wildlife species. we isolated b. rochalimae from 1 red fox near paris, france, and from 11 raccoons and 2 coyotes from california, usa. co-infection with b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was documented in 1 of the coyotes. | 2009 | 19961681 |
| a 10-year wildlife survey of 15 species of canadian carnivores identifies new hosts or geographic locations for trichinella genotypes t2, t4, t5, and t6. | a survey of wild carnivores in canada was conducted over a 10-year period to determine the prevalence and genotypes of trichinella. muscle samples collected from 1409 animals representing 15 hosts species were enzymatically digested to recover trichinella larvae. larvae were recovered from a total of 287 (20.4%) animals and pcr identified four genotypes of trichinella. trichinella nativa was found in 5 host species and was the most commonly found genotype. trichinella t6 was present in 7 species ... | 2010 | 19926223 |
| endoparasites of the coyote (canis latrans), a recent migrant to insular newfoundland. | this study provides the first data on the helminth fauna of the coyote (canis latrans) in insular newfoundland. sixty-nine coyotes were collected between 2001 and 2003 and examined for helminths. a total of 10 helminth species were recorded: the cestodes taenia ovis krabbei (9%), taenia hydatigena (4%), taenia pisiformis (1%), and mesocestoides spp. (5%); and the nematodes toxocara canis (19%), toxascaris leonina (1%), crenosoma vulpis (19%), physaloptera rara (6%), uncinaria stenocephala (3%), ... | 2009 | 19901402 |
| human vaccinia infection after contact with a raccoon rabies vaccine bait - pennsylvania, 2009. | since 2003, the u.s. department of agriculture's wildlife services has coordinated a multistate oral rabies vaccination (orv) program for wildlife in a 15-state zone extending from maine to alabama and in texas. the program seeks to enhance local control and prevent the spread of epizootic rabies among raccoons and, in texas, among gray foxes and coyotes. the program uses baits containing liquid vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) recombinant virus vaccine. because contact with ruptured baits ca ... | 2009 | 19893480 |
| rapid adaptive evolution of northeastern coyotes via hybridization with wolves. | the dramatic expansion of the geographical range of coyotes over the last 90 years is partly explained by changes to the landscape and local extinctions of wolves, but hybridization may also have facilitated their movement. we present mtdna sequence data from 686 eastern coyotes and measurements of 196 skulls related to their two-front colonization pattern. we find evidence for hybridization with great lakes wolves only along the northern front, which is correlated with larger skull size, increa ... | 2010 | 19776058 |
| a serological survey of infectious disease in yellowstone national park's canid community. | gray wolves (canis lupus) were reintroduced into yellowstone national park (ynp) after a >70 year absence, and as part of recovery efforts, the population has been closely monitored. in 1999 and 2005, pup survival was significantly reduced, suggestive of disease outbreaks. | 2009 | 19756151 |
| alternate pathway of infection with hepatozoon americanum and the epidemiologic importance of predation. | the range of american canine hepatozoonosis (ach) is expanding from the southern usa northward. transmission of hepatozoon americanum occurs by ingestion of infected gulf coast ticks, amblyomma maculatum. the source of the protozoan for the tick remains undetermined; infected dogs are unusual hosts for the tick. | 2009 | 19709355 |
| surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in scavengers of white-tailed deer carcasses in the chronic wasting disease area of wisconsin. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a class of neurodegenerative transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse) occurring in cervids, is found in a number of states and provinces across north america. misfolded prions, the infectious agents of cwd, are deposited in the environment via carcass remains and excreta, and pose a threat of cross-species transmission. in this study tissues were tested from 812 representative mammalian scavengers, collected in the cwd-affected area of wisconsin, for tse inf ... | 2009 | 19697235 |
| influence of exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone on seasonal reproductive behavior of the coyote (canis latrans). | wild canis species such as the coyote (c. latrans) express a suite of reproductive traits unusual among mammals, including perennial pair-bonds and paternal care of the young. coyotes also are monestrous, and both sexes are fertile only in winter; thus, they depend upon social and physiologic synchrony for successful reproduction. to investigate the mutability of seasonal reproduction in coyotes, we attempted to evoke an out-of-season estrus in october using one of two short-acting gonadotropin- ... | 2009 | 19631975 |
| hematology, parasitology, and serology of free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) from south carolina. | blood and feces were collected from 34 adult (19 males, 15 females) and seven juvenile (three males, one female, three not reported) free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) on the us department of energy's savannah river site (south carolina, usa). significant (p<0.05) hematologic differences by sex were noted for red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. biochemical differences by sex occurred only for albumen (p<0.05). twenty-one adults were antibody positive for at least one of four vir ... | 2009 | 19617502 |
| spatial analysis of plague in california: niche modeling predictions of the current distribution and potential response to climate change. | plague, caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis, is a public and wildlife health concern in california and the western united states. this study explores the spatial characteristics of positive plague samples in california and tests maxent, a machine-learning method that can be used to develop niche-based models from presence-only data, for mapping the potential distribution of plague foci. maxent models were constructed using geocoded seroprevalence data from surveillance of california ground s ... | 2009 | 19558717 |
| coyotes (canis latrans) and the matching law. | environmental change is accelerating due to anthropogenic influence. species that have greater behavioral flexibility may be better adapted to exploit new or constantly changing habitats. there are few mammals and even fewer carnivores that better illustrate widespread adaptability and behavioral flexibility in the wake of human disturbance than coyotes (canis latrans). yet how such predators successfully track resources, enabling them to survive and extend their range in stochastic environments ... | 2009 | 19555745 |
| integrity of mating behaviors and seasonal reproduction in coyotes (canis latrans) following treatment with estradiol benzoate. | coyotes (canis latrans) are seasonally monestrous and form perennial pair-bonds. breeding is dominated by each pack's alpha male and female, and both sexes share responsibility for territory defense and pup-rearing. they are also opportunistic predators on domestic livestock and pets. but while dominant adults have been implicated as primary killers, depredation is reduced when coyotes are without pups. contraception, therefore, may represent a non-lethal solution for conflicts between coyotes a ... | 2010 | 19523776 |
| origin and status of the great lakes wolf. | an extensive debate concerning the origin and taxonomic status of wolf-like canids in the north american great lakes region and the consequences for conservation politics regarding these enigmatic predators is ongoing. using maternally, paternally and biparentally inherited molecular markers, we demonstrate that the great lakes wolves are a unique population or ecotype of gray wolves. furthermore, we show that the great lakes wolves experienced high degrees of ancient and recent introgression of ... | 2009 | 19366404 |
| crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous), a south american canid, as a definitive host for hammondia heydorni. | hammondia heydorni is a cyst forming coccidia closely related to other apicomplexans, such as toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and hammondia hammondi with a two-host life cycle. dogs and other canids as red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans) may serve as definitive hosts for h. heydorni. sporulated oocysts are infective for cattle, sheep and goats, which may serve as intermediate hosts. herein, we describe the ability of crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous), a wild carnivore that ... | 2009 | 19303215 |
| trans-species amplification of prp(cwd) and correlation with rigid loop 170n. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an efficiently transmitted spongiform encephalopathy of cervids. whether cwd could represent a threat to non-cervid species remains speculative. here we show that brain homogenates from several cwd-susceptible non-cervid species, such as ferrets and hamsters, support amplification of prp(cwd) by spmca, whereas brain homogenates from cwd-resistant species, such as laboratory mice and transgenic mice expressing human prp(c) [tg(huprp) mice], do not. we also investi ... | 2009 | 19269662 |
| phytoremediation of chlorinated ethenes in seepline sediments: tree selection. | phytoremediation of chlorinated ethene (ce)-contaminated water was investigated at the savannah river site in aiken, sc, usa. perchloroethylene (pce) and trichloroethylene (tce) are present where ce-contaminated groundwater currently outcrops in seepline soils. results of constructed and planted test cells, filled with soil from a noncontaminated seepline area and supplied with ce-contaminated groundwater (48 ppb) in the field for one season are presented. these test cells were planted with lobl ... | 2008 | 19260231 |
| molecular and evolutionary history of melanism in north american gray wolves. | morphological diversity within closely related species is an essential aspect of evolution and adaptation. mutations in the melanocortin 1 receptor (mc1r) gene contribute to pigmentary diversity in natural populations of fish, birds, and many mammals. however, melanism in the gray wolf, canis lupus, is caused by a different melanocortin pathway component, the k locus, that encodes a beta-defensin protein that acts as an alternative ligand for mc1r. we show that the melanistic k locus mutation in ... | 2009 | 19197024 |
| detection of neospora caninum from farm-bred young blue foxes (alopex lagopus) in china. | neospora caninum has been detected in several wild mammalian species, i.e., deer, coyotes, dingoes, and foxes. farm-bred foxes were rarely reported to be affected by the parasite. in this study, we detected for the first time the infection of n.caninum in farm-bred young blue foxes (alopex lagopus) in china. neospora-like tissue cysts were observed in brains and kidneys of the foxes by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. one hundred and three sera from the clinically normal v ... | 2009 | 19194087 |
| linkage disequilibrium and demographic history of wild and domestic canids. | assessing the extent of linkage disequilibrium (ld) in natural populations of a nonmodel species has been difficult due to the lack of available genomic markers. however, with advances in genotyping and genome sequencing, genomic characterization of natural populations has become feasible. using sequence data and snp genotypes, we measured ld and modeled the demographic history of wild canid populations and domestic dog breeds. in 11 gray wolf populations and one coyote population, we find that ... | 2009 | 19189949 |
| protein hydrolysates are avoided by herbivores but not by omnivores in two-choice preference tests. | the negative sensory properties of casein hydrolysates (hc) often limit their usage in products intended for human consumption, despite hc being nutritious and having many functional benefits. recent, but taxonomically limited, evidence suggests that other animals also avoid consuming hc when alternatives exist. | 2009 | 19122811 |
| surveillance of coyotes to detect bovine tuberculosis, michigan. | bovine tuberculosis (tb) is endemic in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern portion of michigan's lower peninsula. bovine tb in deer and cattle has created immense financial consequences for the livestock industry and hunting public. surveillance identified coyotes (canis latrans) as potential bio-accumulators of mycobacterium bovis, a finding that generated interest in their potential to serve as sentinels for monitoring disease risk. we sampled 175 coyotes in the bovi ... | 2008 | 19046508 |
| economic evaluation of an oral rabies vaccination program for control of a domestic dog-coyote rabies epizootic: 1995-2006. | to conduct a benefit-cost analysis of the results of the domestic dog and coyote (ddc) oral rabies vaccine (orv) program in texas from 1995 through 2006 by use of fiscal records and relevant public health data. | 2008 | 19046031 |
| defining the immune response to ehrlichia species using murine models. | pathogenic bacteria belonging to the family anaplasmataceae include species of the genera ehrlichia and anaplasma. ehrlichia chaffeensis, first known as the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, also infects several vertebrate hosts including white-tailed deer, dogs, coyotes and goats. e. chaffeensis is transmitted from the bite of an infected hard tick, such as amblyomma americanum. e. chaffeensis and other tick-transmitted pathogens have adapted to both the tick and vertebrate host ... | 2008 | 19028013 |
| the molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidium and giardia infections in coyotes from alberta, canada, and observations on some cohabiting parasites. | coyotes from southern alberta and saskatchewan, canada, were examined for the presence of giardia and cryptosporidium and cohabiting helminths. toxascaris was present in over 90% of the 70 animals examined, and taenia sp. in 6.5-25% of the two groups of animals studied. giardia (12.5-21.7%) and cryptosporidium (0-17.4%) were also common and molecular characterisation revealed both zoonotic and host-adapted genotypes of giardia, whereas the cryptosporidium proved to be a variant of the canine spe ... | 2009 | 19019549 |
| risk factors associated with anthrax outbreak in animals in north dakota, 2005: a retrospective case-control study. | we identified the risk factors associated with the anthrax outbreak of 2005 in animals in north dakota. | 2008 | 19006977 |
| detection of lawsonia intracellularis by real-time pcr in the feces of free-living animals from equine farms with documented occurrence of equine proliferative enteropathy. | the objective of this study was to determine whether lawsonia intracellularis was present in the feces of free-living animals collected on two equine premises with documented occurrence of equine proliferative enteropathy (epe). fresh feces from black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus, n=100), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis, n=22), feral cats (felis catus, n=14), brewer's blackbirds (euphagus cyanocephalus, n=10), virginian opossums (didelphis virginiana, n=9), raccoons (procyon lotor, n ... | 2008 | 18957657 |
| parallels between playbacks and pleistocene tar seeps suggest sociality in an extinct sabretooth cat, smilodon. | inferences concerning the lives of extinct animals are difficult to obtain from the fossil record. here we present a novel approach to the study of extinct carnivores, using a comparison between fossil records (n=3324) found in late pleistocene tar seeps at rancho la brea in north america and counts (n=4491) from playback experiments used to estimate carnivore abundance in africa. playbacks and tar seep deposits represent competitive, potentially dangerous encounters where multiple predators are ... | 2009 | 18957359 |
| hybridization among three native north american canis species in a region of natural sympatry. | background: population densities of many species throughout the world are changing due to direct persecution as well as anthropogenic habitat modification. these changes may induce or increase the frequency of hybridization among taxa. if extensive, hybridization can threaten the genetic integrity or survival of endangered species. three native species of the genus canis, coyote (c. latrans), mexican wolf (c. lupus baileyi) and red wolf (c. rufus), were historically sympatric in texas, united st ... | 2008 | 18841199 |
| prey behavior, age-dependent vulnerability, and predation rates. | variation in the temporal pattern of vulnerability can provide important insights into predator-prey relationships and the evolution of antipredator behavior. we illustrate these points with a system that has coyotes (canis latrans) as a predator and two species of congeneric deer (odocoileus spp.) as prey. the deer employ different antipredator tactics (aggressive defense vs. flight) that result in contrasting patterns of age-dependent vulnerability in their probability of being captured when e ... | 2008 | 18840071 |
| analysis of forensic snps in the canine mtdna hv1 mutational hotspot region. | a 60 bp sequence variation hotspot in the canine mitochondrial dna hypervariable region 1 was evaluated for its use in forensic investigations. nineteen haplotypes containing 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed among laboratory-generated and genbank-derived domestic dog sequences representing five regional localities in the u.s. samples from the different localities were highly variable with the levels of intra-population variability being similar among the populations studied. amov ... | 2008 | 18808373 |
| np1ec degradation pathways under oxic and microxic conditions. | the degradation pathway of nonylphenol ethoxyacetic acid (np1ec) and the conditions favoring dicarboxylated alklyphenol ethoxyacetic acid (canp1ec; where n = the number of aliphatic carbon atoms) formation were studied in oxic microcosms constructed with organic carbon-poor soil from the mesa soil aquifer treatment (sat) facility (arizona) and pristine organic carbon-rich sediments from coyote creek (california). results suggest that the availability of dissolved oxygen determines the dominant b ... | 2008 | 18800508 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2007. | summary: during 2007, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,258 cases of rabies in animals and 1 case in a human to the cdc, representing a 4.6% increase from the 6,940 cases in animals and 3 cases in humans reported in 2006. approximately 93% of the cases were in wildlife, and 7% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,659 raccoons (36.6%), 1,973 bats (27.2%), 1,478 skunks (20.4%), 489 foxes (6.7%), 274 cats (3.8%), 93 dogs (1.3%), and 57 ca ... | 2008 | 18795848 |
| trichinella murrelli in scavenging mammals from south-central wisconsin, usa. | tissues and serum from 59 raccoons (procyon lotor), 42 coyotes (canis latrans), and seven striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) collected in dane and iowa counties, wisconsin, usa, between october 2005 and march 2006 were microscopically and serologically examined for the presence of trichinella spp. encapsulated larvae were found on compression slides prepared from tongue tissues from a few animals. complete tissue digestion of tongues revealed that 19% of the raccoons, 26% of the coyotes, and non ... | 2008 | 18689648 |
| to what extent do microsatellite markers reflect genome-wide genetic diversity in natural populations? | microsatellite variability is widely used to infer levels of genetic diversity in natural populations. however, the ascertainment bias caused by typically selecting only the most polymorphic markers in the genome may lead to reduced sensitivity for judging genome-wide levels of genetic diversity. to test this potential limitation of microsatellite-based approaches, we assessed the degree of nucleotide diversity in noncoding regions of eight different carnivore populations, including inbred as we ... | 2008 | 18647238 |
| downside risk of wildlife translocation. | translocation has been used successfully by wildlife professionals to enhance or reintroduce populations of rare or extirpated wildlife, provide hunting or wildlife viewing opportunities, farm wild game, and reduce local human-wildlife conflicts. however, accidental and intentional translocations may have multiple unintended negative consequences, including increased stress and mortality of relocated animals, negative impacts on resident animals at release sites, increased conflicts with human i ... | 2008 | 18634483 |
| origin and phylogenetic analysis of tibetan mastiff based on the mitochondrial dna sequence. | at present, the tibetan mastiff is the oldest and most ferocious dog in the world. however, the origin of the tibetan mastiff and its phylogenetic relationship with other large breed dogs such as saint bernard are unclear. in this study, the primers were designed according to the mitochondrial genome sequence of the domestic dog, and the 2,525 bp mitochondrial sequence, containing the whole sequence of cytochrome b, trna-thr, trna-pro, and control region of the tibetan mastiff, was obtained. usi ... | 2008 | 18571121 |
| phylogenetic analysis of porphyromonas species isolated from the oral cavity of australian marsupials. | porphyromonas species are frequently isolated from the oral cavity and are associated with periodontal disease in both animals and humans. black, pigmented porphyromonas spp. isolated from the gingival margins of selected wild and captive australian marsupials with varying degrees of periodontal disease (brushtail possums, koalas and macropods) were compared phylogenetically to porphyromonas strains from non-marsupials (bear, wolf, coyote, cats and dogs) and porphyromonas gingivalis strains from ... | 2008 | 18564186 |
| perfluorochemicals in water reuse. | faced with freshwater shortages, water authorities are increasingly utilizing wastewater reclamation to augment supplies. however, concerns over emerging trace contaminants that persist through wastewater treatment need to be addressed to evaluate potential risks. in the present study, perfluorinated surfactant residues were characterized in recycled water from four california wastewater treatment plants that employ tertiary treatment and one that treats primary sewage in a wetland constructed f ... | 2008 | 18547612 |
| landscape ecology of eastern coyotes based on large-scale estimates of abundance. | since their range expansion into eastern north america in the mid-1900s, coyotes (canis latrans) have become the region's top predator. although widespread across the region, coyote adaptation to eastern forests and use of the broader landscape are not well understood. we studied the distribution and abundance of coyotes by collecting coyote feces from 54 sites across a diversity of landscapes in and around the adirondacks of northern new york. we then genotyped feces with microsatellites and fo ... | 2008 | 18536259 |
| recolonizing wolves and mesopredator suppression of coyotes: impacts on pronghorn population dynamics. | food web theory predicts that the loss of large carnivores may contribute to elevated predation rates and, hence, declining prey populations, through the process of mesopredator release. however, opportunities to test predictions of the mesopredator release hypothesis are rare, and the extent to which changes in predation rates influence prey population dynamics may not be clear due to a lack of demographic information on the prey population of interest. we utilized spatial and seasonal heteroge ... | 2008 | 18488620 |
| indirect effects and traditional trophic cascades: a test involving wolves, coyotes, and pronghorn. | the traditional trophic cascades model is based on consumer resource interactions at each link in a food chain. however, trophic-level interactions, such as mesocarnivore release resulting from intraguild predation, may also be important mediators of cascades. from september 2001 to august 2004, we used spatial and seasonal heterogeneity in wolf distribution and abundance in the southern greater yellowstone ecosystem to evaluate whether mesopredator release of coyotes (canis latrans), resulting ... | 2008 | 18459344 |
| coyotes demonstrate how habitat specialization by individuals of a generalist species can diversify populations in a heterogeneous ecoregion. | the tendency for individuals to disperse into habitat similar to their natal habitat has been observed in a wide range of species, although its population genetic consequences have received little study. such behavior could lead to discrete habitat-specific population subdivisions even in the absence of physical dispersal barriers or habitat gaps. previous studies of coyotes have supported this hypothesis in a small region of california, but its evolutionary significance ultimately depends on th ... | 2008 | 18391065 |
| application of cfd (fluent) to lng spills into geometrically complex environments. | recent discussions on the fate of lng spills into impoundments have suggested that the commonly used combination of source5 and degadis to predict the flammable vapor dispersion distances is not accurate, as it does not account for vapor entrainment by wind. source5 assumes the vapor layer to grow upward uniformly in the form of a quiescent saturated gas cloud that ultimately spills over impoundment walls. the rate of spillage is then used as the source term for degadis. a more rigorous approach ... | 2008 | 18359557 |
| seasonal variation in serum testosterone, testicular volume, and semen characteristics in the coyote (canis latrans). | the coyote is a seasonally breeding mammal, with most copulations occurring between december and april (depending on location). the objective of this study was to characterize seasonal changes in serum testosterone concentrations, testicular volume, and ejaculate quantity and quality in captive male coyotes. there were seasonal differences in testicular volume, with the greatest volume (20.2+/-5.4cm2), mean+/-s.e.m.) in february, corresponding with peak breeding season. circulating serum testost ... | 2008 | 18359065 |
| characterization of toxoplasma gondii from raccoons (procyon lotor), coyotes (canis latrans), and striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) in wisconsin identified several atypical genotypes. | during 2005-2006, sera and tissues from raccoons (procyon lotor), coyotes (canis latrans), and skunks (mephitis mephitis) from the state of wisconsin were tested for toxoplasma gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 32 of 54 (59.2%) raccoons, 18 of 35 (51.4%) coyotes, and 5 of 7 (71.4%) skunks using the modified agglutination test and a cut-off titer of 1:20. pooled tissues (brains, hearts, and tongues) from 30 raccoons, 15 coyotes, and 1 skunk were bioassayed for t. gondii infe ... | 2007 | 18314705 |
| forensic utility of the mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 of domestic dogs, in conjunction with breed and geographic information. | the 608-bp hypervariable region 1 (hv1) sequences from 36 local dogs were analyzed to characterize the population genetic structure of canid mitochondrial dna (mtdna). sixteen haplotypes were identified. a 417-bp segment of this sequence was compared with genbank sequences from a geographically representative sample of 201 dogs, two coyotes, and two wolves. sixty-six haplotypes were identified including 62 found only in domestic dogs. fourteen of these correspond to the 16 local haplotypes and w ... | 2008 | 18279243 |
| fatal footsteps: murder of undocumented border crossers in maricopa county, arizona. | in the past 5 years, the mortality rate among undocumented workers in arizona has increased steadily. in 1998-1999, the number of deaths among border crossers was 28. that number increased dramatically in 1999-2000 to 106 and has exceeded 200 in each of the past 2 years. in the past, many immigrant deaths occurred as a result of dehydration and exposure (1). more recently, a new trend has emerged, that is, death of border crossers at the hands of the persons ("coyotes") hired to lead them across ... | 2008 | 18279237 |
| relationships between human disturbance and wildlife land use in urban habitat fragments. | habitat remnants in urbanized areas typically conserve biodiversity and serve the recreation and urban open-space needs of human populations. nevertheless, these goals can be in conflict if human activity negatively affects wildlife. hence, when considering habitat remnants as conservation refuges it is crucial to understand how human activities and land uses affect wildlife use of those and adjacent areas. we used tracking data (animal tracks and den or bed sites) on 10 animal species and infor ... | 2008 | 18254856 |
| captive breeding and the reintroduction of mexican and red wolves. | mexican and red wolves were both faced with extinction in the wild until captive populations were established more than two decades ago. these captive populations have been successfully managed genetically to minimize mean kinship and retain genetic variation. descendants of these animals were subsequently used to start reintroduced populations, which now number about 40-50 mexican wolves in arizona and new mexico and about 100 red wolves in north carolina. the original captive mexican wolf popu ... | 2008 | 18173506 |
| a means to distinguish skulls of coyotes and domestic dogs. | 1949 | 18121322 | |
| natural attenuation potential of downwelling streams for perfluorochemicals and other emerging contaminants. | stream augmentation with tertiary treated municipal wastewater-i.e., recycled water-is increasingly considered as an ecologically beneficial way to utilize recycled water, especially in semi-arid regions of the american southwest. there is concern that emerging contaminants, i.e. unregulated but biologically active organic compounds, may be present in recycled water and will impact on the aquatic environment and the underlying groundwater. emerging contaminants include a wide variety of chemical ... | 2007 | 18057642 |
| native great lakes wolves were not restored. | wolves from the great lakes area were historically decimated due to habitat loss and predator control programmes. under the protection of the us endangered species act, the population has rebounded to approximately 3000 individuals. we show that the pre-recovery population was dominated by mitochondrial dna haplotypes from an endemic american wolf referred to here as the great lakes wolf. in contrast, the recent population is admixed, and probably derives also from the grey wolf (canis lupus) of ... | 2008 | 17956840 |
| ruptured aortic aneurysm in a coyote (canis latrans) from south carolina. | a radio-collared adult female coyote (canis latrans) from south carolina was found dead with no apparent signs of trauma or struggle. necropsy revealed a ruptured aortic aneurysm within the thoracic cavity as well as severe heartworm infection, with parasites present in the caudal vena cava. histologically, inflammatory cell infiltrates were frequent in the aneurysm and consisted of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. bacteria, fungi, and parasites were not foun ... | 2007 | 17939363 |
| does interference competition with wolves limit the distribution and abundance of coyotes? | interference competition with wolves canis lupus is hypothesized to limit the distribution and abundance of coyotes canis latrans, and the extirpation of wolves is often invoked to explain the expansion in coyote range throughout much of north america. we used spatial, seasonal and temporal heterogeneity in wolf distribution and abundance to test the hypothesis that interference competition with wolves limits the distribution and abundance of coyotes. from august 2001 to august 2004, we gathered ... | 2007 | 17922704 |
| prevalence of antibodies to leishmania infantum and trypanosoma cruzi in wild canids from south carolina. | wild canids are reservoir hosts for leishmania infantum and trypanosoma cruzi. the present study examined the prevalence of antibodies to these zoonotic parasites in a population of wild canids from a nonagricultural setting in south carolina. sera from 26 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) and 2 coyotes (canis latrans) were examined for antibodies to l. infantum and t. cruzi using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test and commercially available parasite-specific immunochromatigraphic ... | 2007 | 17918387 |
| social communication in canids: evidence for the evolution of a stereotyped mammalian display. | the variability in the duration and form of the canid play bow was studied in infant coyotes, wolves, wolf-dog hybrids, beagles, and adult free-ranging dogs. both duration and form showed marked stereotypy. it appears that the role of this context-specific social signal in the communication of play intention has been fostered by selection for "morphological" stereotypy. | 1977 | 17836077 |
| predation and aversive conditioning in coyotes. | 1975 | 17799690 | |
| coyote research facility trashed. | 1992 | 17789076 | |
| battle renewed over coyote poison. | 1981 | 17775262 | |
| tough times at la brea: tooth breakage in large carnivores of the late pleistocene. | one million to two million years ago, most of today's large, predatory mammals coexisted with larger extinct species, such as saber-toothed cats and giant running bears. comparisons of tooth fracture frequencies from modern and pleistocene carnivores imply that predator-prey dynamics and interspecific interactions must have been substantially different 36,000 to 10,000 years ago. tooth fracture frequencies of four rancho la brea species-dire wolf, coyote, saber-toothed cat, and american lion-wer ... | 1993 | 17770024 |
| coyote predation control by aversive conditioning. | conditioned aversions were induced in coyotes by producing lithium chloride illness in them following a meal, and the effects upon eating and attack behavior were observed. one trial with a given meat and lithium is sufficient to establish a strong aversion which inhibits eating the flesh of that prey. one or two trials with a given flesh (lamb or rabbit) specifically suppresses the attack upon the averted prey but leaves the coyote free to attack the alternative prey. a method of saving both pr ... | 1974 | 17755036 |
| coyote or bear? | 1893 | 17746218 | |
| evaluation of repetitive extragenic palindromic-pcr for discrimination of fecal escherichia coli from humans, and different domestic- and wild-animals. | the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of repetitive extragenic palindromic anchored polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) in differentiating fecal escherichia coli isolates of human, domestic- and wild-animal origin that might be used as a molecular tool to identify the possible source(s) of fecal pollution of source water. a total of 625 fecal e. coli isolates of human, 3 domestic- (cow, dog and horse) and 7 wild-animal (black bear, coyote, elk, marmot, mule deer, raccoon a ... | 2007 | 17704635 |
| presence of antibotulinum neurotoxin antibodies in selected wild canids in israel. | serum samples from 35 golden jackals (canis aureus syriacus), eight wolves (canis lupus), and four red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from various regions of israel were collected during the years 2001-04 and tested for antibodies to clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (bont) types c and d. antibodies against bont types c and d were detected in 10 (29%) and in 3 (9%) of 35 golden jackals, respectively, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. this report describes detection of anti bont antibodies in wild c ... | 2007 | 17699099 |
| species-specific visitation and removal of baits for delivery of pharmaceuticals to feral swine. | within the domestic swine industry there is growing trepidation about the role feral swine (sus scrofa) play in the maintenance and transmission of important swine diseases. innovative disease management tools for feral swine are needed. we used field trials conducted in southern texas from february to march 2006 to compare species-specific visitation and removal rates of fish-flavored and vegetable-flavored baits with and without commercially available raccoon (procyon lotor) repellent (trial 1 ... | 2007 | 17699086 |
| feasibility of using coyotes (canis latrans) as sentinels for bovine mycobacteriosis (mycobacterium bovis) infection in wild cervids in and around riding mountain national park, manitoba, canada. | elk (cervus elaphus manitobensis) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in the riding mountain national park (rmnp) region of southwestern manitoba have been identified as a likely wildlife reservoir of mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine mycobacteriosis in livestock. the feasibility of using coyotes (canis latrans) collected from trappers as a sentinel species was investigated. retropharyngeal, mesenteric, and colonic lymph nodes and tonsils collected at necropsy from 82 ... | 2007 | 17699081 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2006. | during 2006, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,940 cases of rabies in animals and 3 cases in humans to the cdc, representing an 8.2% increase from the 6,417 cases in animals and 1 case in a human reported in 2005. approximately 92% of the cases were in wildlife, and 8% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,615 raccoons (37.7%), 1,692 bats (24.4%), 1,494 skunks (21.5%), 427 foxes (6.2%), 318 cats (4.6%), 82 cattle (1.2%), and 79 dogs (1. ... | 2007 | 17696853 |
| patterns in the occurrence of saprophytic fungi carried by arthropods caught in traps baited with rotted wood and dung. | fungi from approximately 1700 individual arthropods that had been captured in traps set in aspen-dominated woodland in western canada and baited with coyote dung, moose dung, white-rotted wood, brown-rotted wood and fiberglass were isolated in pure culture and identified. these data were analysed with principal components analysis (pca) to determine whether different types of substrate attracted specific arthropods and whether these animals carried unique assemblages of fungi with known proclivi ... | 2007 | 17663118 |
| genetic polymorphism of tetrazolium oxidase in dogs. | two alleles, to(a) and to(b), determine a genetic polymorphism of tetrazolium oxidase in canine erythrocytes. the approximate gene frequencies for most dog breeds are 0.94 for to(a) and 0.06 for to(b). the gene frequencies' of the german shepherd, 0.8 for to(a) and 0.2 for to(b), differ significantly from those of other breeds. the electrophoretic tetrazolium oxidase isozyme pattern of canis latrans closely resembles the tetrazolium oxidase a pattern of canis familiaris. | 1969 | 17655049 |
| symptoms noted in rabid coyotes in alberta. | 1958 | 17649031 | |
| agouti sequence polymorphisms in coyotes, wolves and dogs suggest hybridization. | domestic dogs have been shown to have multiple alleles of the agouti signal peptide (asip) in exon 4 and we wished to determine the level of polymorphism in the common wild canids of canada, wolves and coyotes, in comparison. all canadian coyotes and most wolves have banded hairs. the asip coding sequence of the wolf did not vary from the domestic dog but one variant was detected in exon 4 of coyotes that did not alter the arginine at this position. two other differences were found in the sequen ... | 2007 | 17630272 |
| patterns of gastrointestinal parasitism among five sympatric prairie carnivores: are males reservoirs? | male vertebrates are believed to be disproportionately vulnerable to parasites, but empirical support for this contention is mixed. we tested the hypothesis of higher levels of parasitism in males with the use of counts of gastrointestinal helminths in 5 sympatric mammalian carnivores (american badgers, coyotes, red foxes, raccoons, striped skunks) from central saskatchewan. parasite burdens for females and males of each host species were compared with the use of prevalence (percentage of hosts ... | 2007 | 17626341 |
| canine bartonellosis: serological and molecular prevalence in brazil and evidence of co-infection with bartonella henselae and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii. | the purpose of this study was to determine the serological and molecular prevalence of bartonella spp. infection in a sick dog population from brazil. at the são paulo state university veterinary teaching hospital in botucatu, 198 consecutive dogs with clinicopathological abnormalities consistent with tick-borne infections were sampled. antibodies to bartonella henselae and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii were detected in 2.0% (4/197) and 1.5% (3/197) of the dogs, respectively. using 16s-2 ... | 2007 | 17583666 |
| food webs and intraguild predation: community interactions of a native mesocarnivore. | trophic level interactions between predators create complex relationships such as intraguild predation. theoretical research has predicted two possible paths to stability in intraguild systems: intermediate predators either outcompete higher-order predators for shared resources or select habitat based on security. the effects of intraguild predation on intermediate mammalian predators such as swift foxes (vulpes velox) are not well understood. we examined the relationships between swift foxes an ... | 2007 | 17479752 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium species in wildlife populations within a watershed landscape in southeastern new york state. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium in wildlife in the new york city (nyc) watershed in southeastern new york state. a total of 6227 fecal samples were collected and evaluated from 5892 mammals (38 species), 263 birds (14 species), 2 reptiles (2 species), 8 amphibians (4 species), and 62 fish (15 species). cryptosporidium was detected in 30 species. of the species found positive for cryptosporidium, 16 represented new records for this parasite-alo ... | 2007 | 17466459 |
| mitochondrial dna analysis of the domestic dog: control region variation within and among breeds. | the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control regions of 125 domestic dogs (canis familiaris) encompassing 43 breeds, as well as one coyote and two wolves were sequenced and subsequently examined for sequence variation in an effort to construct a reference dog mtdna data set for forensic analysis. forty informative variable sites were identified that described 45 haplotypes, 29 of which were observed only once. substantial variation was found both within and among breeds in the mtdna derived from tissue ... | 2007 | 17456083 |
| locating hybrid individuals in the red wolf (canis rufus) experimental population area using a spatially targeted sampling strategy and faecal dna genotyping. | hybridization with coyotes (canis latrans) continues to threaten the recovery of endangered red wolves (canis rufus) in north carolina and requires the development of new strategies to detect and remove coyotes and hybrids. here, we combine a spatially targeted faecal collection strategy with a previously published reference genotype data filtering method and a genetic test for coyote ancestry to screen portions of the red wolf experimental population area for the presence of nonred wolf canids. ... | 2007 | 17444895 |
| oral rabies vaccine (orv) bait uptake by captive striped skunks. | aerial delivery of oral rabies vaccine (orv) baits has proven effective in large-scale efforts to immunize wildlife against rabies, and in north america this strategy currently is being used to immunize foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus and vulpes vulpes), raccoons (procyon lotor), and coyotes (canis latrans). skunks are also a major reservoir and vector of rabies, but at present oral vaccines for use in skunks are not licensed. furthermore, given differences in morphology (smaller jaws) and behav ... | 2007 | 17347398 |
| giardia and cryptosporidium species and genotypes in coyotes (canis latrans). | feces and duodenal scrapings were collected from 22 coyotes (canis latrans) killed in managed hunts in northeastern pennsylvania. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods were used to detect giardia and cryptosporidium spp. pcr-amplified fragments of giardia and cryptosporidium spp. ssu-rrna genes were subjected to dna sequence analysis for species/genotype determination. seven coyotes (32%) were positive for g. duodenalis: three assemblage c, three assemblage d, and one assemblage b. six coyotes ... | 2006 | 17312792 |
| neospora caninum-like oocysts observed in feces of free-ranging red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans). | the aim of this study was to examine the feces of free-ranging foxes and coyotes for the presence of neospora caninum oocysts. feces were collected from 271 foxes and 185 coyotes in the canadian province of prince edward island, processed by sucrose flotation, and examined by light microscopy for the presence of coccidian oocysts. in 2 fox and 2 coyote samples, oocysts morphologically and morphometrically similar to oocysts of n. caninum were observed. dna was extracted from these samples and su ... | 2006 | 17304805 |
| sodium fluoroacetate poisoning. | sodium fluoroacetate was introduced as a rodenticide in the us in 1946. however, its considerable efficacy against target species is offset by comparable toxicity to other mammals and, to a lesser extent, birds and its use as a general rodenticide was therefore severely curtailed by 1990. currently, sodium fluoroacetate is licensed in the us for use against coyotes, which prey on sheep and goats, and in australia and new zealand to kill unwanted introduced species. the extreme toxicity of fluoro ... | 2006 | 17288493 |
| evaluation of four serological techniques to determine the seroprevalence of neospora caninum in foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans) on prince edward island, canada. | the objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the performance and agreement of serological assays (elisa, ifat, neospora caninum agglutination test and immunoblot) using reference sera and field sera from foxes and coyotes and (2) to estimate the n. caninum seroprevalence in foxes and coyotes on prince edward island, canada. with fox and coyote reference sera the test performance of the elisa, ifat and ib was excellent (100% sensitivity and specificity). nat showed a low sensitivity (50%). s ... | 2007 | 17223270 |
| canine scavenging of human remains in an indoor setting. | this case study documents the nearly complete consumption of adult human remains by two domestic dogs (canis familiaris) inside a residence. while scavenging behavior has been observed for coyotes, wolves, hyenas and other canines in natural outdoor environments, little information is available concerning canine scavenging of human remains in an indoor setting. in this case, the dogs were confined with the body inside a residence for approximately 1 month. the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic f ... | 2007 | 17210237 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2005. | during 2005, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,417 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the cdc, representing a 6.2% decrease from the 6,836 cases in nonhuman animals and 8 cases in human beings reported in 2004. approximately 92% of the cases were in wildlife, and 8% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,534 raccoons (39.5%), 1,478 skunks (23%), 1,408 bats (21.9%), 376 foxes (5.9%), 269 cats (4.2%), 93 cat ... | 2006 | 17173527 |