Publications

marked depression of radiation-induced emesis by olfactory bulbectomy or pre-exposure using low doses.	acute emetic response to relatively low-doses of x-irradiation on suncus (suncus murinus) was examined. the behaviors recorded for each subject, using a video-cassette recorder system, were (1) the number of emesis, during exposure to a dose of 3.0 gy; (2) emesis threshold. results showed that the emetic threshold was observed at 0.85 gy, and the number of radioemesis during exposure was 29. however, the observed threshold dose became 2.22 gy following olfactory bulbectomy. the emetic number dec ...	1996	8631391
experimental models for carcinogenesis in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, insectivora.	animal carcinogenicity studies have mainly been performed on rodents. from the phylogenetic point of view, animals closer to humans must be included in these studies. insectivora are considered to be the most primitive placental mammals and much closer to the early primates than rodents. among the insectivora, the house musk shrew (suncus murinus, family soracidae), has been bred under laboratory condition. this animal is small having a short life span, and a comparatively low incidence of spont ...	1995	8573996
distribution of taste buds on the epiglottis of the rat and house shrew, with special reference to air and food pathways.	we investigated the positioning of the epiglottis in the pharyngo-laryngeal region and the distribution of taste buds on the epiglottis in the rat and house shrew, animals which have different feeding habits. in the fixed samples of both species, when the mouth was closed or slightly opened, the epiglottis was found to protrude into the nasopharyngeal hiatus above the soft palate. but it retracted from its position when the mouth was widely opened. in omnivorous rats (n = 6), the mean number (me ...	1995	8559556
emetic responses of sorex unguiculatus.	we have shown previously that suncus murinus, a species of the insectivore, can vomit in response to various emetogenic stimuli. in the present study we investigated whether or not sorex unguiculatus, which belongs to different subfamily (soricinae) of insectivore, vomits in response to emetogenic drugs. subcutaneous injection of veratrine and oral administration of copper sulfate caused emesis in the animal. histological study showed that bilateral structure of the area postrema was not importa ...	1993	8519299
muscle study of the musk shrew (suncus murinus riukiuanus). i. gluteal and thigh muscles.	the gluteal and thigh muscles of the musk shrew (suncus murinus riukiuanus) were macroscopically studied. the sartorius was not observed in any of the specimens examined. the gracilis was divided into two bellies. the semitendinosus had two heads of origin, the ischial and vertebral. however, most of the gluteal and thigh muscles of this animal were quite similar with respect to origin, insertion, and also nerve supply to those muscles of rodents and primates, including human beings. all the glu ...	1993	8517115
co-existence of gonadotrophins (fsh, lh) and thyrotrophin (tsh) in single anterior pituitary cells of the musk shrew, suncus murinus.	according to recent immunocytochemical studies of anterior pituitary cells, it is obvious that the "one cell-one hormone" theory must be modified. many pituitary morphologists have demonstrated that there are some cells that contain two hormones. in this study, we demonstrate by means of immuno-electronmicroscopy the co-existence of gonadotrophins (fsh and lh) and thyrotrophin (tsh) in the same anterior pituitary cells of the musk shrew. these cells were remarkably altered in their ultrastructur ...	1993	8513484
comparison of nucleotide sequences from upstream of the dq52 gene to the s mu region of immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene loci between suncus murinus, mouse and human.	the nucleotide sequence of a 4621 base pair fragment of dna, from a position upstream of dsq52 to the s mu region within immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene loci of suncus murinus was determined. the sequence contained one d gene, three jh genes and an enhancer. suncus murinus is an insectivore and is one of the most primitive mammals. both primates and rodents are thought to have originated from insectivores and to have evolved separately. we also determined the nucleotide sequence of a region betw ...	1993	8464428
[innervation of the external ear in humans and the musk shrew].	the external ear appears only in mammals and possesses a great diversity of forms. in addition, multiple nerves are distributed in the external ear. the nerves which are distributed in the external ear were investigated in humans and in the musk shrew (suncus murinus) in a macroscopic study. the following results were obtained. cranial nerves (cn) v, vii, x and cervical nerves supply the auricle and the external meatus in both humans and the musk shrew. branches of the third division of cn v sup ...	1993	8463885
[diurnal rhythms in locomotor activity of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus].	a diurnal rhythm of locomotor activity in male and female house musk shrews (jic:sun) aged approximately one year was observed under a schedule of 12 hr light and 12 hr darkness (light on at 07:00) over a period of 10 days. in general, the pattern of locomotor activity was similar in both sexes, with around 24-hr diurnal rhythm. a few typical patterns of locomotor activity in these animals were as follows: a. locomotion interval was close in the light phase, while was sparse in the dark phase. b ...	1993	8462628
embryonic development of the house shrew (suncus murinus). ii. embryos at stages 11 and 12 with 13 to 29 pairs of somites, showing limb bud formation and closed cephalic neural tube.	the embryonic development of the laboratory house shrew (suncus murinus) was observed during the period from 13 to 29 pairs of somites and was compared with that of other mammalian species. this period ranged from 10 to 12 days after fertilization. embryos were allocated to stages 11a-c and 12a-c according to somitic count. these embryos were characterized by the following features. 1. the curvature of the body became gradually enhanced, changing from a parenthesis-like to a bracket-like shape. ...	1993	8430900
esophageal carcinoma in house musk shrews, suncus murinus (insectivora), induced by n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine.	female 6-week-old shrews were given a solution of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml or 100 micrograms/ml in the drinking water. all 11 shrews receiving 100 micrograms/ml mnng died 8-13 days after the beginning of carcinogen administration and 6 of the 20 shrews receiving 50 micrograms/ml mnng died after 10-54 days. when animals were between 43 and 54 weeks of age, multiple esophageal lesions were evoked in all 14 that had received 50 micrograms/ml ...	1993	8408184
characterization of serum lipoproteins from suncus: a candidate animal model for abetalipoproteinemia.	we have previously reported that fatty liver was induced in a novel experimental animal, suncus murinus (suncus), by 24-h fasting and that apolipoprotein b (apo b) was not actively synthesized in the liver. however, a faint signal of apo b mrna was detected in the liver, suggesting possible synthesis of apo b. small amounts of vldl and ldl have been separated from suncus serum by ultracentrifugation. electron microscopic study of the lipoproteins revealed the existence of small particles in vldl ...	1993	8370676
x-irradiation-induced emesis in suncus murinus.	x-irradiation-induced emesis was investigated in suncus murinus, a house musk shrew. whole body x-irradiation caused emesis, and the calculated ed50 value that induced emesis in 50% of animals was 429 cgy. at the irradiation dose of 800 cgy all the animals vomited 10.0 +/- 2.4 times with a latency of 20.0 +/- 2.9 min. the emetogenic effect of x-irradiation was dependent on the part of the body exposed. abdominal x-irradiation at 1000 cgy caused emesis in all animals studied, whereas the same dos ...	1993	8360859
[lectin histochemical studies on the musk gland in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus)].	the musk gland of the adult house musk shrews (suncus murinus) of both sexes was studied lectin histochemically. the musk gland was a kind of scent gland, consisted of congregation of branched or unbranched simple tubuloalveolar gland holocrine in nature and was attached by an apocrine gland-like structure (sweat gland) in the deeper layer of its periphery. acinar cells of the musk gland were distinguishable into three type from basal to luminal parts of the acinus; immature cells, mature cells ...	1993	8354366
[fine structure of the vomeronasal organ in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus)].	fine structure of the vomeronasal organ (vno) was examined in an insectivore, house musk shrew (suncus murinus), from a viewpoint of comparative anatomy. the vno was a pair of tubular structure, about 6mm in length, and situated at the base of the nasal septum. the medial wall of the lumen of the vno was lined with the sensory epithelium (se) consisting of sensory, supporting and basal cells, while the respiratory epithelium (re) lining the lateral wall was pseudostratified and covered with micr ...	1993	8354364
characterization of mycoplasma strains isolated from house musk shrews (suncus murinus) and their infectivity in mice and rats.	five mycoplasma strains isolated from house musk shrews (suncus murinus) in the central institute for experimental animals were characterized and compared with three murine mycoplasma strains, mycoplasma pulmonis m 53, m. arthritidis pg6, and m. neurolyticum type a, and with reference strain g3-5 previously isolated from a house musk shrew. these isolates fermented glucose, but did not hydrolyze urea and arginine, passed through membrane filters of 450 nm pore size, were sensitive to digitonin, ...	1993	8354358
blood supply to the cranial venae cavae and the heart in the laboratory shrew (suncus murinus).	the blood supply to the cranial venae cavae on both sides and to the heart was studied macroscopically in 40 adult laboratory shrews (suncus murinus) of both sexes injected either with neoprene latex into the abdominal aorta (25 animals) or with mercox into the left ventricle (15 animals). the 1st branch of the left subclavian artery in 23 animals of the 1st group ramified caudal to the aortic arch and descended between the aorta and the trachea to supply mainly the large left cranial vena cava ...	1993	8300430
presence and differential distribution of distinct forms of immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the musk shrew brain.	gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) immunoreactive cells and fibers were revealed in olfactory regions, the ventral forebrain, and in the midbrain of the musk shrew (suncus murinus). immunoreactive neurons in olfactory and telencephalic areas were specific for the mammalian form of gnrh. cell bodies in the midbrain, however, cross-reacted with an antibody specific for chicken-ii gnrh. high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay analyses confirmed these results; high levels of c ...	1993	8264863
involvement of free radicals in cisplatin-induced emesis in suncus murinus.	the participation of free radicals in cisplatin-induced emesis was investigated in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. thiobarbituric acid (tba) values, which indicate the degree of lipid peroxidation, in brain, liver and small intestine were increased significantly 60 min after the treatment with cisplatin (20 mg/kg, i.p.). moreover, cisplatin (20 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced emesis was prevented by intraperitoneal injection of n-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine (mpg), a radical scavenging agent, with id ...	1993	8223958
effect of starving and refeeding on lipid metabolism in suncus.	we have previously reported that fatty liver is easily induced in a novel experimental animal, suncus murinus (suncus) by withholding food, and that apolipoprotein b (apo b) is not actively synthesized in the liver. in the present paper we describe the effect of starving and refeeding on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in suncus, in order to explore the mechanisms of induction of fatty liver by starving and of its improvement by refeeding. starvation induced increase in triglyceride content and ...	1994	8206866
oxygenation of unsaturated fatty acids by hepatic microsomes of musk shrew (suncus murinus).	the cytochrome p-450-dependent monooxygenase in musk shrew (suncus; suncus murinus) liver microsomes metabolized unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic and arachidonic acids) to a variety of oxygenated products. alpha-linolenic acid was the most active substrate. the oxygenation activity increased with an increase in the number of cis double-bonds in the c18 fatty acids. this suggests that the introduction of cis double-bonds in c18 fatty acids is important for the binding of ...	1994	8205390
identification of hairs of three asian commensal mammals: suncus murinus, bandicota bengalensis, and rattus exulans.	hairs of 3 major asian commensal mammals, suncus murinus (l.), bandicota bengalensis (gray and hardwicke), and rattus exulans (peale), were studied, identified, and compared with those of better-known commensal species to provide an overview of their hair morphologies. techniques were developed for authentic hair specimen collection and rapid slide mounting to aid in the timely analysis of food products. the study showed that hairs of b. bengalensis and r. exulans are easily identified to the re ...	1994	8199475
distinctive features of the gametes and reproductive tracts of the asian musk shrew, suncus murinus.	insectivora are of special interest as the most primitive of the eutherian mammals, but essentially nothing is known of their gamete function. in this respect, the asian musk shrew (suncus murinus), investigated in the present study, displays many idiosyncrasies. in the epididymis, the giant acrosome undergoes further stabilization, its unusual resilience being especially evident in a "rim" created by a persistent close alignment of the outer acrosomal and overlying plasma membranes. however, un ...	1994	8199263
effects of iron and deferoxamine on cisplatin-induced emesis: further evidence for the role of free radicals.	the effects of ferric chloride and deferoxamine, an iron chelator, on cisplatin-induced emesis were studied in suncus murinus. pretreatment with ferric chloride (fecl3, 16-64 mg/kg) increased the number of 20 mg/kg cisplatin-induced vomiting episodes. deferoxamine (256 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of vomiting episodes and prolonged the latency. these results further support the involvement of free radicals in the generation of cisplatin-induced emesis.	1993	8181539
distribution and steroid dependence of aromatase enzyme immunoreactivity in limbic nuclei of the female musk shrew brain.	in the female musk shrew (suncus murinus) neural aromatization of testosterone to estradiol is critical for the expression of sexual behavior. to localize the brain regions capable of aromatization, we used immunocytochemistry to map the distribution of aromatase enzyme. aromatase immunoreactivity (arom-ir) has a discrete distribution primarily limited to the lateral septum (ls), central nuclei of the amygdala (ce) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (bst). in these nuclei the intensity ...	1994	8156384
activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver of suncus murinus: possible lack of n-acetyltransferase activity in liver cytosol.	the amounts of several drug-metabolizing enzymes in livers of suncus murinus (suncus) were studied in comparison with rats. the content of cytochrome p450 in suncus was less than one third that seen in rats. activities of glutathione s-transferase, udp-glucuronyltransferase and arylhydroxycarbon hydroxylase in suncus were less than half those in rats. activity of flavin-containing monooxygenase in suncus was 71% that of rats. interestingly, n-acetyltransferase (nat) activity in suncus liver cyto ...	1994	8153148
adenosine induces contractions in suncus ileum.	purinoceptor-mediated responses were characterized in the ileum of suncus murinus. adenosine as well as adenosine 5'-triphosphate (atp) contracted the ileum in a concentration-dependent manner. contractile responses to transmural electrical stimulation were attenuated by adenosine only at high concentrations. theophylline competitively blocked the adenosine-induced contraction. atropine also inhibited the adenosine-induced contraction but in a non-competitive manner. the atp-induced contraction ...	1993	8121076
tess line: a laboratory line of the musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora), triple-homozygous for the curly hair (ch), cream coat-color (cr) and red-eyed dilution (rd) genes and segregating the sucrase deficients (suc/suc).	the tess line, the first tester line of the suncus has been developed. the tess shrews are homozygous for three morphological mutant genes, ch, cr and rd. the gene (suc) for sucrase activity deficiency in intestinal brush-border membranes also exists in the line, and its frequency was 34.3%. the deficients could easily be identified by the drastic body-weight losing up to more than 15% of the initial weight, that aroused two days after replacement of the drinking water for its 10%-sucrose soluti ...	1994	8119332
follicular growth rate and lack of influence of oestradiol valerate, testosterone propionate and aminoglutethimide phosphate on ovarian follicular development in the musk shrew, suncus murinus l.	growth rate of follicles and effects of administration of oestradiol valerate (ev), testosterone propionate (tp) and aminoglutethemide phosphate (agp) on the development of ovarian follicles of the adult musk shrew were investigated. the follicular growth rate was estimated by mitotic index before and 2 hr after colchicine treatment to the shrews. mitotic index of granulosa cells increased linearly with the increase in the follicular diameter. the calculated mean duration of mitosis was 0.48 hr. ...	1993	8112760
electrophysiological properties of suncus (suncus murinus) cardiac muscle.	1. electrophysiological properties of cardiac muscle in suncus murinus were compared with those of rat and guinea pig. 2. the resting potential and resting potassium permeability were smallest in suncus heart. 3. the action potential duration in suncus was also shortest, and effects of tetraethylammonium suggested that transient outward current is well developed in suncus. 4. elicitation of slow response was very difficult in suncus, suggesting poor development of the calcium channel.	1993	8102963
absence of emetic effects of morphine and loperamide in suncus murinus.	the house musk shrew suncus murinus recently has been introduced for the study of emesis. we investigated the emetic effects of the opioids morphine (0.1-21.5 mg/kg i.p.) and loperamide (0.01-10 mg/kg i.p.) and found a complete lack of emetogenic potential. nicotine, however, dose dependently induced vomiting in the suncus with an ed50 of 8.8 mg/kg s.c. and a 100% incidence at 20 mg/kg. this drug-induced vomiting was reduced by morphine or loperamide: ed50 values obtained were 1.2 mg/kg i.p. for ...	1994	8045273
antiemetic effects of serotonergic 5-ht1a-receptor agonists in suncus murinus.	the antiemetic effects of six serotonergic 5-ht1a-receptor agonists, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetrarin (8-oh-dpat), 4-(4-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1,4-benzoxazepine-3,5-dione (sun8399), buspirone, gepirone, ipsapirone and tandospirone, against motion sickness were investigated in suncus murinus. subcutaneous injection of all six agonists completely and dose-dependently suppressed motion-induced emesis. pretreatment with 8-oh-dpat or sun8399 dose-dependently ...	1994	8028227
induction of emesis in suncus murinus by pyrogallol, a generator of free radicals.	1. we investigated whether or not pyrogallol, a generator of free radicals, is emetogenic in suncus murinus, the house musk shrew. pyrogallol (i.p.) caused dose-dependent emesis in suncus with an ed50 value of 77.3 mg kg-1. at a dose of 128 mg kg-1, all suncus vomited with mean latency of 18.8 +/- 5.2 min and the number of vomiting episodes was 8.6 +/- 2.9. 2. the prophylactic effects of n-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (mpg), an antioxidant, and tropisetron, a 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-ht3) recept ...	1994	8004387
testosterone implants in specific neural sites activate female sexual behaviour.	sexual behaviour in most female mammals is regulated by oestrogen, often acting synergistically with progesterone. moreover, the most important neural site of action for oestradiol is the ventromedial nucleus. in the female musk shrew, suncus murinus, testosterone (t) activates sexual behaviour. virgin females first engage in copulatory behaviour many hours in advance of follicular development and ovulation, when plasma oestradiol levels are very low. testosterone, produced by the ovaries and th ...	1994	7987373
occipital roof development in the japanese musk shrew, suncus murinus.	the occipital squama of the japanese musk shrew, suncus murinus, consists only of membrane bone which arises from the periosteal bony band of the supraoccipital cartilage. no cartilaginous tectum posterius, generally forming the dorsal border to the foramen magnum, was found in the developing chondrocranium. also additional intramembranous ossification centres were occasionally observed, and could be interpreted as being the primordium of the interparietal bone. these observations indicate that ...	1994	7961150
mating alters gonadotropin-releasing hormone cell number and content.	female musk shrews (suncus murinus) are induced ovulators, which lack a behavioral and ovarian estrous cycle. females mate the first time they are introduced to a male, but a second or third mating, at least 24 h later, is usually required to induce ovulation. because gnrh-immunoreactive (gnrh-ir) cell numbers increase during and after exposure to a male, we hypothesized that mating promotes synthesis of this important peptide. to test this hypothesis, we examined changes in gnrh-ir cell number ...	1995	7895675
morphogenesis of esophageal carcinoma induced by n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus (insectivora).	the histological changes occurring in the esophageal mucosa of shrews (suncus murinus) after n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) treatment were investigated sequentially. six-week-old female shrews were given a 50 micrograms/ml mnng solution as drinking water for 30 weeks, and 5 selected at random were killed at 10 and 20 weeks of age, and thereafter at 5-week intervals until 45 weeks of age. controls were killed at 45 weeks of age. the mnng-induced esophageal lesion in shrews began from ...	1994	7852183
phenotypic changes of aadc-only immunopositive premammillary neurons in the brain of laboratory shrew suncus murinus by systemic administration of monoamine precursors.	after 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan (5-htp) and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) were injected i.p. in the laboratory shrew suncus murinus, immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence studies were conducted on continuous or same sections of the brain, using specific anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (th), anti-aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (aadc), anti-dopamine (da) and anti-serotonin (5-ht) antisera which were produced in our laboratory. the results of double-staining by the immunofluorescence method ...	1994	7845627
evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 peroxisomal and mitochondrial targeting. a survey of its subcellular distribution in the livers of various representatives of the classes mammalia, aves and amphibia.	as part of a wider study on the molecular evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (agt1) intracellular compartmentalization, we have determined the subcellular distribution of immunoreactive agt1, using postembedding protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy, in the livers of various members of the classes mammalia, aves, and amphibia. as far as organellar distribution is concerned, three categories could be distinguished. in members of the first category (type i), all, or nearly all, ...	1994	7813517
a novel dodecadepsipeptide, cereulide, is an emetic toxin of bacillus cereus.	a vacuole-formation substance, cereulide of bacillus cereus, is an emetic toxin in animals. both oral administration and intraperitoneal injection of cereulide caused dose-dependent emesis in suncus murinus, a new animal model of emesis. vagotomy or a 5-ht3 receptor antagonist completely abolished this emetic effect. therefore, cereulide causes emesis through the 5-ht3 receptor and stimulation of the vagus afferent. we also found that our purified cereulide caused swelling of mitochondria of hep ...	1995	7781985
blockade of motion- and cisplatin-induced emesis by a 5-ht2 receptor agonist in suncus murinus.	1. the effects of (+/-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (dol), a 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-ht2a/5-ht2c receptor agonist, on motion- and cisplatin-induced emesis were studied in suncus murinus. subcutaneous injection of dol, 30 min prior to the emetic stimuli, dose-dependently blocked the emesis induced by motion sickness and cisplatin (20 mg kg-1, i.p.) with estimated id50 values of 640 and 780 micrograms kg-1, respectively. 2. alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (alpha-me-5-ht), a periph ...	1995	7780647
relationships between morphometric and mitochondrial dna differentiation in laboratory strains of musk shrews (suncus murinus).	morphometric differentiation among six strains of musk shrews (suncus murinus) originating in bangladesh (ban), sri lanka (sri), and four japanese areas, nagasaki (nag), okinawa island (oki), tokunoshima island (tku), and taramajima island (tr), was examined by use of skull and external measurements. these data were compared with mitochondrial dna (mtdna) differentiation previously reported. significant sexual dimorphism was observed in all morphometric characters of the six strains, except for ...	1995	7772382
identification of chicken gnrh ii in brains of metatherian and early-evolved eutherian species of mammals.	two molecular forms of gnrh (chicken gnrh ii and a second variant) are present in the brains of species from all the major vertebrate groups. in mammals, two forms are present in metatherian species and early-evolved eutherian species, but chicken gnrh ii has not been identified in more advanced eutherian species. we investigated the nature of gnrh molecular forms in several early-evolved mammalian species, using high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay with specific gnrh anti ...	1994	7716279
sedative effect of medetomidine and its reversal by atipamezole in house musk shrews (suncus murinus).	this study was undertaken to evaluate the sedative effect of medetomidine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, and the counteractive effect of atipamezole, an antagonist to medetomidine, in house musk shrews (suncus murinus). two hundred, 300, 400, or 600 micrograms/kg of medetomidine was intraperitoneal injected into 89 house musk shrews. a sedative effect was produced in one to two minutes after injection. the dose-dependent prolongation of the sedative duration and the dose-dependent appearance ...	1995	7705479
immunohistochemical characterization of b cells and t cells in musk shrew (suncus murinus) lymphoid tissues using monoclonal antibodies.	we have developed and characterized three monoclonal antibodies (mabs), which recognize the surface antigens of musk shrew b cells and t cells. about 30% of all lymph node cells reacted with the mab st1. staining of frozen sections showed that st1-positive cells were located in the primary lymphoid follicles of lymph nodes, and were absent in the thymus. mabs st4 and st2 were also surface-reactive. the st1-negative (about 60% of the total) lymph node cells reacted positively with st4, and about ...	1994	7698900
distribution of chicken-ii gonadotropin-releasing hormone in mammalian brain.	brains of nonmammalian vertebrates typically contain multiple forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh). until recently, only the mammalian form of gnrh (mgnrh) had been isolated in placental mammals. biochemical and histological data show that both mgnrh and chicken-ii gnrh (cgnrh-ii) are present in a primitive placental mammal, the musk shrew (suncus murinus). similar to the case in nonmammalian species, in the musk shrew, neurons that express cgnrh-ii are located in a discrete cluster in ...	1995	7673483
spermatogenesis and ultrastructure of a peculiar acrosomal formation in the musk shrew, suncus murinus.	spermatogenesis and acrosomal formation in the musk shrew, suncus murinus, were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium was divided into 13 stages based on the characteristics of acrosomal change and nuclear shape, appearance of meiotic figures, location of spermatids, and period of spermiation. the relative frequencies of stages 1 to 13 were 5.1, 5.9, 10.1, 8.8, 12.5, 11.5, 10.6, 7.9, 6.0, 4.8, 8.9, 3.1 and 4.8, respectively. additionally, ...	1994	7649786
genetic variation and geographic distribution on the mitochondrial dna in local populations of the musk shrew, suncus murinus.	the musk shrew (suncus murinus) is widely distributed throughout asia and east africa. the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of this species was analyzed in individuals from 31 local populations in nine asian countries and mauritius, using 17 restriction endonucleases. although fourteen and nine mtdna haplotypes were detected from bangladesh and nepal, respectively, one to four haplotypes were found in each southeast asian country, and one common haplotype existed in japan, philippines, vietnam, thailan ...	1995	7632440
immunocytochemical identification of serotonergic supraependymal nerve fibers in the third ventricle of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus.	supraependymal fibers of the house musk shrew (suncus murinus) were examined by conventional scanning electron microscopy (sem), backscattered electron (bse) imaging of enzyme immunohistochemistry and by immunotransmission electron microscopy in the dorsal part of the third ventricular wall. in this region, ependymal cells were not so heavily ciliated and conventional sem studies showed two main categories of supraependymal fibers. the first type consisted of long fibers fasciculated which were ...	1995	7625602
development of the chondrocranial base of the musk shrew, suncus murinus (insectivora).	to reveal the developmental process of the chondrocranial base of the musk shrew, suncus murinus (insectivora), light microscopic observation of serial sections and macroscopic observation with whole-mount differential staining of bone and cartilage were performed on day-17 to -22 embryos. the following unusual findings were obtained: (1) the sphenoethmoidal commissure formed a part of the posterior edge of the tectum nasi, implying that the posterior portion of the paries nasi in the mammalian ...	1995	7601229
characterization of a novel brain neutral glycosphingolipid composition in house musk shrew (suncus murinus).	glycosphingolipids were extracted from the brain of house musk shrew (suncus murinus). neutral glycosphingolipids were purified by qae-sephadex column chromatography followed by high-performance liquid chromatography using an iatrobeads column. purified glycosphingolipids were identified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography, carbohydrate analysis, fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry and tlc immunostaining. the ganglioside pattern was almost the same as the pattern obtained for rat b ...	1995	7601161
distribution of lectin binding in the testes of the musk shrew, suncus murinus.	distribution of lectin binding in the testis of the musk shrew, suncus murinus, was investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy. not only spermatogenic cells but also sertoli cells bound some lectins. canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (con a) and wheat germ agglutinin (wga, triticum vulgaris), indicating the presence of d-mannose and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine respectively, showed an intense reaction in the acrosomal region of early to late spermatids. ricinus communis agglutinin i (rca ...	1995	7591995
lymphoid tissue in the kidney of the musk shrew, suncus murinus.	we describe a lymphoid tissue in the kidney of the musk shrew, suncus murinus. an anatomically well organised lymphoid tissue, resembling the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, is associated with the epithelium of the renal pelvis and the ureter, respectively. lymphoid tissue distributed along the arcuate artery and arcuate vein is not structurally organised in centre and periphery. this tissue type is most prominently developed between blood vessels. immunocytochemistry revealed s-100-immunorea ...	1995	7570577
collagen fibrils in the odontoblast layer in the teeth of the rat and the house shrew, suncus murinus, by scanning electron microscopy using a maceration method.	it is not well known whether there are gaps in the tight junctions between odontoblasts and whether the fluid flows from the pulp to the predentin through these gaps. the collagen fibrils in the odontoblast layer were investigated using a maceration method in order to show the existence of the gaps between tight junctions of the odontoblasts. the mandibles containing teeth of the rat and the house shrew were digested by naoh maceration and revealed the architecture of the collagen fibrils under ...	1995	7554943
apical cell escape from the neuroepithelium and cell transformation during terminal lip fusion in the house shrew embryo.	the house shrew embryo has many cells in the ventricular lumen and on the luminal surface of the fusing terminal lip of the cephalic neural tube. the origin and fate of these cells were studied by means of light and electron microscopy, and by dii labeling in a whole-embryo culture system. the cells appeared at stage 11a and persisted until stage 12a. most of the cells seemed to originate from the neuroepithelium, as shown by frequent observations of epithelial cell escape and dii labeling analy ...	1994	7526743
neurofilament expression in lens cells of the house shrew, suncus murinus.	immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that lens cells of the laboratory house shrew, suncus murinus, expressed many intracellular filaments that immunoreacted with pooled monoclonal antibodies against 70-kda, 160-kda, and 210-kda neurofilament triplet proteins. immunopositive filaments in lens cells first appeared in day 13 embryos, while the invaginating lens placode was thickening, and this immunoreactivity was still present in immature lens fiber cells of the adult animal. western blot an ...	1994	7522420
[histological studies on postnatal development of the musk gland in house musk shrews (suncus murinus)].	the development of the musk gland in house musk shrews aged 0 to 21 days was studied lectin histochemically. on about 3 days of age, the musk gland could be discriminated from surrounding skin. this organ developed markedly on days 3 to 7, and its development continued to 21 days of age. histologically, on day 1, the bulges that should develop into musk glands were identified in the vicinity of hair germs. on days 3 to 7, these bulges developed markedly, and on day 21 their structure revealed al ...	1995	7498330
evidence for the lack of hepatic n-acetyltransferase in suncus (suncus murinus).	the abilities of liver cytosol fractions from the suncus and sprague-dawley (sd) rats to n-acetylate aniline, p-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminosalicylic acid and 2-aminofluorene (af) were compared. the cytosol from rats n-acetylated these substrates at efficient rates, whereas the cytosol from the suncus did not n-acetylate these substrates at detectable rates. when af was given to the suncus, 2-acetylaminofluorene (aaf), a metabolite of af formed by n-acetyltransferase (nat), was not detectable in s ...	1995	7488230
a brief note on the morphological and histochemical features of the duodenal glands in 5 species of insectivore.	the duodenal glands of the insectivores studied form a narrow, compact glandular collar immediately distal to the pyloric sphincter. the duodenal glands generally empty into overlying intestinal glands however, in 2 species, suncus murinus and talpa europaea, they may empty directly into the intestinal lumen. the glands of all 5 species consist of coiled secretory tubules that show frequent distal branchings. cells of the secretory tubules are pyramidal in shape and show numerous apical secretor ...	1980	7457897
rodent and scrub typhus survey in a ricefield at kramat tunngak area, tanjung priok, jakarta, indonesia.	trapping of small mammals in a ricefield at kramat tunggak around tanjung priok in jakarta city, was carried out from july 1977 through june 1978. of three species of rodents, r.argentiventer was found to be the predominant species in the ricefield. r.r.diardii was an intermittent resident, and the presence of r.norvegicus was interesting observation. s.murinus, a house shrew, was also present. r.argentiventer was the dominant species during the periods when the rice grains were available as a s ...	1980	7434074
c-banding pattern on the chromosomes of the japanese house shrew, suncus murinus riukiuanus, and its implication.	the c-band on the chromosomes of the japanese house shrew, suncus murinus riukiuanus (insectivora), was studied. various types of c-banding patterns were found in the genome of this subspecies. such banding patterns could be useful for an understanding of autosome and sex-chromosome polymorphisms within s. murinus.	1980	7418836
a study of small mammals in the ciloto field station area, west java, indonesia, with special reference to vectors of plague and scrub typhus.	from june 1977 to june 1978 a study of smal mammals was carried out in the ciloto field station area, west java, indonesia by the who vector biology and control research unit-ii. the objectives of the investigations were to determine the diversity and density of rodent species, to find potential plague and scrub typhus vectors and to study their host-parasite relationships. in the 13 month period a total of 6 species of murids were identified; two species of campestral rats (r. tiomanicus and r. ...	1980	7403957
ovulation, ovum maturation and changes in plasma and adrenal progesterone concentrations in the musk shrew (suncus murinus).		1980	7378540
[electrophysiological and electronmicroscopical study of the retina of suncus murinus (author's transl)].		1980	7377033
morphological study on the intestine of the must shrew, suncus murinus.		1980	7366055
effect of vasectomy on the epididymis of a non-scrotal mammal suncus murinus l.		1981	7309137
the primary structure of adult hemoglobin of musk shrew (suncus murinus).	an alpha chain and two beta chains beta i and beta ii) were obtained from adult hemoglobin of the musk shrew (suncus murinus) by cm-cellulose column chromatography. the s-carboxymethylated alpha chain and the s-aminoethylated beta chains were each digested with trypsin and the amino acid sequences of the tryptic peptides obtained were established. the ordering of these peptides in the alpha and beta chains was deduced from their homology with the primary structures of the alpha and beta chains o ...	1981	7309005
response of calcitonin cells, parathyroid, serum calcium and serum inorganic phosphorus during glucagon-induced hypocalcemia in the house shrew, suncus murinus.		1981	7296607
effect of vasectomy on the testis and accessory sex glands of the musk shrew, suncus murinus l.	the effects of uni- and bilateral vasectomy on the testis and accessory sex glands were studied at intervals up to six months. vasectomy induced degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules during the first four months after the operation; thereafter a partial recovery of spermatogenesis was noticed at six months post-vasectomy. unilateral vasectomy induced degenerative changes only in the ipsilateral testis; the contralateral testis presented normal histology and showed no evidence of compe ...	1981	7262038
failure of 5-thio-d-glucose to induce antispermatogenic effects in the musk shrew, suncus murinus l.		1981	7236825
morphological studies on the nasal turbinates of the musk shrew (suncus murinus riukiuanus).		1980	7218621
morphology and distribution of calcitonin cells in the house shrew, suncus murinus.	the thyroparathyroid complex of house shrews was cut into serial sections. for demonstration of calcitonin cells (c cells) the sections were stained by he, pas/haematoxylin, heidenhain's iron haematoxylin, mallory's aniline blue, toluidine blue, davenport's silver impregnation and lead haematoxylin. the c cells are oval to slender in shape and are distributed unevenly (totally lacking from the peripheral, cranial, caudal and isthmus region). they are also encountered in the internal parathyroid ...	1982	7168575
effect of calcitonin on calcitonin cells, parathyroid glands and serum electrolytes in the house shrew (suncus murinus).	porcine calcitonin (ct) (0.5 mrc unit daily) was administered intraperitoneally to house shrews, suncus murinus, for 42 days. the changes in serum calcium and phosphate levels as well as the light microscopical alterations of the parathyroid and calcitonin cells (c cells) between the 1st and 42nd day of treatment were recorded. the serum calcium level shows a fall up to the 7th day of treatment and thereafter it increases to normal values. the hypophosphataemic effect of ct increases progressive ...	1982	7148381
effect of glucagon administration on kidney morphology in house shrew, suncus murinus.		1982	7145317
induction of ovulation in the musk shrew suncus murinus l. by hcg administration.		1982	7118189
spontaneous development of pilosebaceous tumors in the japanese house musk shrew (suncus murinus).	cutaneous pilosebaceous tumors developed spontaneously in high incidence in a colony of the japanese house musk shrew (suncus murinus) that has been adapted to laboratory breeding. multiple tumors of this sort developed in the scalp, back, and hip of older animals, with a marked preponderance in males. the co-presence of tumors with a wide variety of histological grading from benign to malignant in a host or in a single tumor mass was a unique feature.	1982	7117740
taste preferences for amino acids in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus.	taste preferences in house musk shrews for amino acids as well as nacl, sucrose, quinine hydrochloride, hcl and saccharin na were studied by employing the two-bottle preference technique. shrews showed a preference for 0.2--05. m sucrose but a moderate rejection to nacl and a strong rejection to quinine, hcl and saccharin. they exhibited a marked preference for many naturally occurring l-alpha-amino acids with aliphatic side chains at both 0.02 and 0.2 m. increase in the aliphatic side chain len ...	1982	7100283
nuclear uptake of radioactivity by cells of pituitary, brain, uterus, and vagina of the asian musk shrew (suncus murinus) following [3h] estradiol administration.		1982	7084657
population indices of chiggers (leptotrombidium deliense) and incidence of scrub typhus in chinese military personnel, pescadores islands of taiwan, 1976-77.	larval leptotrombidium deliense were recovered from live-trapped suncus murinus, rattus rattus and r. norvegicus captured in the pescadores islands of taiwan during 1976 and 1977. weekly and monthly indices of chigger infestation expressed as a percentage of hosts infested and the number of chiggers per host for s. murinus and rattus spp. were calculated. close correlations were observed between monthly indices of l. deliense measured for s. murinus and rattus spp. and the number of laboratory-c ...	1982	7080163
light and electron microscopic observations of the spleen in the musk shrew, suncus murinus.	in the spleen of the musk shrew, a marginal zone was clearly demonstrable between the white pulp and the red pulp. the white pulp was separated from the marginal zone by a septum, a circumferential layer of reticular cells and fibres, and between the marginal zone and red pulp there was a population difference of blood cells. the white pulp consisted of periarterial lymphatic sheaths and lymphoid follicles including germinal centres. the marginal zone was filled by numerous erythrocytes, some ly ...	1982	7076539
[suncus (suncus murinus) and cancer research].		1981	7032955
[length and weight of gastrointestinal tracts of pikas, suncus, millardias, mice and rats].	the length and weight of gastrointestinal tracts including contents of ten week old male pikas (ochotona rufescens rufescens) and suncus (suncus murinus) were measured and they were investigated and compared with those of millardias, icr-mice and wistar-rats. the length from the duodenum to the anus of pikas was much longer and the weight from the stomach to the anus was about 16g per 100g of body weight. the weight of cecum was about 7g per body weight and they were heavier than those of other ...	1983	6852120
acidic glycolipids from kidney of suncus (insectivora).	lipids were extracted from the kidney of house musk shrew (suncus murinus), which belongs to the order insectivora. acidic glycosphingolipids were purified from lipid extracts by mild alkaline methanolysis followed by column chromatographies on deae-sephadex and silica beads (iatrobeads). purified glycolipids were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, mild acid hydrolysis, gas liquid chromatography of the methyl glycosides after methanolysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the parti ...	1984	6746617
cytochrome p-450-dependent fatty acid hydroxylase system in japanese house musk shrew, suncus murinus.	the substrate specificity and other properties of a fatty acid hydroxylase system in liver microsomes of the japanese house musk shrew, suncus murinus, were examined. shrew liver microsomes catalyzed the hydroxylation of various saturated fatty acids (c8-c18) to the corresponding omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxy derivatives. the relative activities of the hydroxylase with these substrates were as follows: c12 (100, actual conversion: 7.05 nmol/mg of microsomal protein/min), c10 (90), c14 (87), c16 ( ...	1984	6725235
osteology of the musk shrew (suncus murinus).	in the present study using 29 adult musk shrew of both sexes, most findings were identified to be similar to those by sharma (1958) on the osteology , and there was no remarkable difference between skeletal structure of wild musk shrew in india and that of breeding species in japan except the number of the vertebra lumbalis and existance of the dens caninus . however, it was elucidated that the os articulare coccygis like h-letter in shape is characteristic for this animal, and shows 17 componen ...	1984	6721174
behavior of sex chromosomes during meiosis in the house shrew.	the behavior of the sex chromosomes during meiosis in the house shrew, suncus murinus, shows some interesting features. both x- and y-chromosomes are large and biarmed and have huge segments of c-band material in noncentromeric areas. a distinct chiasma is formed between the short arms of the x and y chromosomes and the heterochromatic regions in the bivalents show desynapsis in the form of a bulge.	2003	6715866
cream, a new coat-color mutant in the musk shrew.	a coat-color mutant was found in the wild musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora). five musk shrews with gray pelage, the common coat color of this species, were captured in the village of tambum near jakarta, indonesia. two males and two females were transported to japan and mated. matings between one male and two females segregated several cream-colored offspring, a color that had never been seen before in this species. from the pedigree record and data on mating experiments, it was confirmed ...	2003	6715865
changes in the renal morphology after calcitonin treatment in the house shrew, suncus murinus.		2006	6677197
mammary growth and plasma progesterone level during pregnancy in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus linnaeus.	the process of growth of the mammary gland and change in the plasma concentration of progesterone were investigated throughout the course of pregnancy (30 days) in the home musk shrew, suncus murinus l. development of the mammary gland of the musk shrew was limited during the first half of pregnancy. extensive branching of ducts and conspicuous alveolar formation and a marked increase in the dna content of the gland started between day 15 and 20 of pregnancy, and continued until term. milk synth ...	1983	6671463
effect of clomiphene citrate on the testis, epididymis and accessory sex glands of the musk shrew (suncus murinus l.).	the effects of oral administration of clomiphene citrate (50 mg/kg body weight) on the testis, epididymis and accessory sex glands of the musk shrew were investigated. the drug induced duration-dependent alterations in the weight and histology of these organs. the drug produced significant reduction in testicular weight with severe degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules; leydig cells were also atrophied. however, no significant change was found in the levels of protein, rna and dna in the ...	2016	6614857
some observations on the structure of suncus liver with special reference to the vitamin a-storing cell.	the structure of the liver of the thick-tailed shrew (suncus murinus) was studied with special reference to the vitamin a-storing cell. the macroscopic arrangement of hepatic lobes was the same as those of rodents. connective tissues of glisson's sheath were not prominent. there were gradual differences in the size and the cytoplasmic contents of hepatocytes among perihepatic, intermediate, and periportal regions. these correspond to the acinar zones 3, 2, and 1 of rappaport, respectively. the u ...	1983	6613904
an androgen-dependent pilosebaceous tumor spontaneously developed in the japanese house musk shrew suncus murinus.	following administration of [3h]testosterone to castrated male japanese house musk shrews (suncus murinus), radioactive metabolites were detected in sidegland nuclei and the major one of them was dihydrotestosterone (dht). the androgen binding capacity of the cytoplasmic fraction of sideglands was measured in vitro by the use of [3h]r1881 as a ligand. the binding showed a high affinity for r1881 (kd = 6.2 x 10(-10) m) and a low capacity (bmax = 22 fmol/mg protein). sucrose density gradient centr ...	1983	6604195
[electron microscopy studies on the myoepithelial cells of the submandibular gland of the musk shrew, suncus murinus].		1983	6587251
genetic polymorphism of the vitamin d binding protein (gc) in the musk shrew (suncus murinus).	in the musk shrew (suncus murinus), the electrophoretic bands in the post-albumin region were identified as vitamin d binding protein (gc) by the [3h] vitamin d3 binding method. three gc phenotypes were distinguished from each other: a single faster band (gc-a), a single slower band (gc-b) and the double bands (gc-ab). results of mating experiments indicated that the gc-a and gc-b are controlled by two codominant alleles, gca and gcb at an autosomal locus (gc), respectively. it was noticed that, ...	1984	6547578
effect of flutamide on the testis and accessory sex glands of the musk shrew, suncus murinus l.	administration (100 mg/kg body weight/day, for 14 and 21 days) of flutamide induced duration-dependent regressive changes in the male reproductive organs. the seminiferous tubules in drug-treated shrews exhibited marked regressive changes with suppression of spermatogenesis; the tubules were devoid of spermatozoa and contained sertoli cells and spermatogonia. however, there was no change in testicular weight, leydig cell appearance and the concentrations of testicular protein, rna and dna in dru ...	1984	6541143
fine structure of the lutein cell in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus.	the ultrastructure of lutein cells during pregnancy and the post partum period was examined by transmission electron microscopy in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. lutein cells on day 13 of pregnancy contained an extensive system of anastomosing tubules or cisternae of smooth er and many enlarged mitochondria with numerous tubulovesicular cristae. from day 13 on, the number of small granules, possibly lysosomes, increased gradually. between day 20 and 25, the loss of smooth er began and elo ...	1984	6525615
the occurrence of salmonellae in house shrews and rats in ipoh, malaysia.	house shrews (suncus murinus) and rats (rattus rattus diardii), trapped during a survey period from july 1978 to december 1979 and thereafter on a random basis, from residences within and outside the veterinary research institute, ipoh, malaysia campus, were bacteriologically examined for the presence of salmonellae. of the 55 shrews and 8 rats examined, 39 (71%) shrews and 2 (25%) rats were found positive. there were 46 salmonella isolates which included 5 dual infections. these were serotyped ...	1984	6523172
fecal pellets from a commensal shrew (suncus murinus) and a house gecko (gekkonidae).	examination of excreta pellets from commensal shrew (suncus murinus) and tropical house geckos (gekkonidae) showed several characteristics that were useful in distinguishing these pellets from those of commensal rodents. commensal shrew pellets contained a large number of embedded insect fragments but no embedded hairs. each shrew pellet was associated with a distinctive circular stain on the floor or container surface where it was found. gecko pellets were composed entirely of tightly packed in ...	2013	6520076
role of progesterone on the control of scent marking in suncus murinus viridescens (blyth).	the effect of castration and administration of progesterone in different doses on the specialized integumentary glands and scent marking behavior in male musk shrew, suncus murinus viridescens were studied. castration effected a considerable atrophy of the secretory epithelial tissues of the flank, oral lip and perineal glands with marked regression in their secretory output. further, the scent marking frequencies were also reduced and attained a minimum level by the end of 4 weeks after castrat ...	1984	6514831
laryngeal cartilages in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus).		1984	6507028