Publications

effects of mk-801 on vicarious trial-and-error and reversal of olfactory discrimination learning in weanling rats.	the effects of dizocilpine maleate (mk-801) on vicarious trial-and-error (vte), and on simultaneous olfactory discrimination learning and its reversal, were observed in weanling rats. the term vte was used by tolman (the determiners of behavior at a choice point. psychol. rev. 1938;46:318-336), who described it as conflict-like behavior at a choice-point in simultaneous discrimination learning. it takes the form of head movements from one stimulus to the other, and has recently been proposed by ...	1998	9867228
an avian reservoir (turdus merula) of the lyme borreliosis spirochetes.	the reservoir competence of passerine birds for the lyme borreliosis spirochetes was studied in an enzootic focus in switzerland. skin aspirates and skin biopsies were used to isolate borrelia spirochetes from turdus species. b. burgdorferi sensu lato was isolated and/or pcr-detected in bsk medium containing skin biopsy or skin aspirate from 5 blackbirds (t. merula) and one song thrush (t. philomelos). seven isolates were obtained from 3 different blackbirds. either b. garinii or borrelia from t ...	1998	9638881
propagation of bird acoustic signals: comparative study of starling and blackbird distress calls.	previous works have demonstrated that the information supported by a bird distress call is encoded both by the energy distribution among harmonics and the temporal evolution of the frequency modulation. in the present study, using these parameters, we compared long-range information transfer in a dense vegetation environment between the starling sturnus vulgaris and the blackbird. turdus merula distress calls. it appears that excess attenuation of high frequencies (higher than 4 khz) after a lon ...	1997	9499938
estimation of distribution parameters of some avian parasites.	occurrence of nematodes (mostly dominating and common species of porrocaecum ensicaudatum and p. semiteres) in host populations of birds (turdus merula, t. philomelos, sturnus vulgaris and scolopax rusticola) was summarized in frequency distributions, and tests of agreement with the poisson model as well as the modified binomial have been computed. comparisons of the observed frequencies with the expected ones showed the high values (3--257) of the coefficient of dispersion, the so-called "overd ...	1997	9374592
a study of sleep in the european blackbird.	sleep states in the blackbird, turdus merula, were determined by recording the electroencephalogram (eeg), electrooculogram (eog), electromyogram (emg), and heart rate (hr), and from behavioral observations and responses to auditory stimulation by natural calls. the presence of changes in slow wave activity was determined from the power spectra of the eeg. spectral power density in the 0.5-4.0 hz band during slow wave sleep (sws) attained highest values in the first part of the night, then decli ...	1996	8884941
validity of the vaginal gram stain for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.	to determine the sensitivity and specificity of vaginal gram stain as interpreted by the nugent criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, and to consider the use of gram stain as the criterion standard for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.	1996	8841221
borreliae in immature ixodes ricinus (acari:ixodidae) ticks parasitizing birds in the czech republic.	of 411 forest birds of 33 species examined near valtice, czech republic, 29% were infested with ixodes ricinus (l.); 2.2% were parasitized by haemaphysalis concinna koch. borreliae were detected in 5.1 and 11.7% of larval and nymphal i. ricinus, respectively. none of the 13 h. concinna tested was infected. in total, 3.2% of the birds examined were parasitized by i. ricinus immatures infected by borreliae. borreliae-containing ticks parasitized european robin, erithacus rubecula (l.); eurasian bl ...	1996	8840682
therapy of bacterial vaginosis using exogenously-applied lactobacilli acidophili and a low dose of estriol: a placebo-controlled multicentric clinical trial.	the efficacy of vaginal tablets (gynoflor) containing 50 mg of a lyophilisate of viable, h2o2-producing lactobacillus acidophilus (at least 10(7) colony forming units/tablet) and 0.03 mg estriol (cas 50-27-1) for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (bv) was tested in a multicentric, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial with parallel-group design. 32 non-menopausal women with positive diagnoses for bv, including intermediate cases, participated in the trial. patients were diagnosed usin ...	1996	8821521
effects of air pollution on hematological parameters in passerine birds.	the effects of atmospheric air pollution on some hematological, and bioquimic parameters, of passerine birds were analyzed. the studies were undertaken in the area of cercs (polluted area in spain), where there is a coal-fired power plant that emanates so2, nox, and particles, and the area of st. jaume de frontanya (nonpolluted area) located 40 km from the area of cercs with similar climatology, relief, and altitude, but without air pollution. the results showed that there was a significant decr ...	1996	8688002
electrophysiological and behavioral correlates of sleep in the blackbird (turdus merula).	sleep in five blackbirds was investigated by continuous 24-h recordings of eeg, eog, emg, hr, and behavior. because these recordings were similar in many respects to those obtained previously in other species, it was possible to define the electrophysiological correlates of active wakefulness (aw), quiet wakefulness (qw), slow wave sleep (sws), and paradoxical sleep (ps). the time spent in sws and ps was 32.2% and 5.7% of the 24-h period, respectively. the amount of sws decreased during the cour ...	1993	8346306
ixodes ricinus immatures on birds in a focus of lyme borreliosis.	the infestation of birds by immature ixodes ricinus was studied during 6 months in a swiss woodland, where lyme borreliosis is endemic. thirteen passerine species were found to be parasitized by i. ricinus subadults and specially turdus merula, t. philomelos and erithacus rubecula. overall, 300 larvae and 162 nymphs were collected on 95 avian hosts. prevalence of infestation of nymphs on birds was higher in spring; larvae peaked in summer. the infection of birds by borrelia burgdorferi was also ...	1993	8314179
postnatal high-peak blood ethanol concentration and external cue-based discrimination learning and reversal in the preweanling rat: comparison with memory-based discrimination learning.	postnatal exposure to ethanol that produces high-peak blood ethanol concentrations (hp-bec) in artificially reared infant rats affects hippocampal neuroanatomy and discrimination learning based on memorial cues from a patterned (single) alternation (pa) schedule in preweanling rats (p. l. greene, j. l. diaz-granados, & a. amsel, 1992). in the present experiments, discrimination by preweanling rats exposed to ethanol in the same way was tested with nonmemorial, external cues. in this external cue ...	1994	8037877
a study of the ciliar tracheal epithelium on passerine birds and small mammals subjected to air pollution: ultrastructural study.	a study was made of the ciliar tracheal epithelium on passerine birds and small mammals subjected to nox, so2 emissions and particulates from a coal-fired power plant. the results were compared to those of a non-polluted area, very similar in vegetation, relief, and climatology. we studied carduelis carduelis (goldfinch), emberiza cia (rock bunting), parus major (great tit), turdus merula (blackbird), and apodemus sylvaticus (wood mouse). all animals were captured in the wild. we also used goldf ...	1994	8024317
midazolam administered to rats induces anterograde amnesia for changes in reward magnitude.	l. p. crespi (1942) showed that rats trained to run an alley for a large food reward slowed down when shifted to a small reward. this effect is usually interpreted as an aversive emotional response to reward reduction (a. amsel, 1958). benzodiazepines attenuate the behavioral effects of reward reduction (cf. c. f. flaherty, 1990), but the emphasis has been on their anxiolytic, not memory-impairing, effects. researchers trained rats (175-200 g) to run an alley for food until asymptote was reached ...	1994	7893398
[bacterial vaginosis. prevention of recurrence].	bacterial vaginosis (bv) is the main cause of vaginitis. the condition is characterised by an abundant and odorous vaginal loss, but more than half the patients with demonstrable signs of bv do not report symptoms at all. gardnerella vaginalis (gv) is often associated with bv, but it is not the sole factor responsible, as is shown by the fact that it can be isolated in the vagina of women withbv. in 1992 and 1993, 2630 patients, 1460 of them gynaecological and 1170 obstetric, were admitted to th ...	1994	7885610
a wet smear criterion for bacterial vaginosis.	to evaluate a simpler criterion for bacterial vaginosis than the recommended criterion of amsel.	1994	7863139
[diagnosis and treatment of bacterial vaginosis by general practitioners].	in order to evaluate which diagnostic procedures and treatments general practitioners (gp) used for bacterial vaginosis, and to describe their knowledge of the disease, all the gps in two counties were asked to fill in a questionnaire. two hundred and sixty-six (59%) answered. the gp used the criteria of amsel in 9%, the wet smear criteria in 12%, clue cells in 6%, the amine test in 30%, culture of gardnerella vaginalis in 29%, 8% only used clinical examination and 6% did not use any criteria. m ...	1995	7483026
[ornithofilaria mavis (leiper 1909) gönnert, 1937 in blackbird (turdus merula l.) in poland].		1981	7336749
[two filariae of the genus eufilaria in turdus merula; development in culicoides nubeculosus (author's transl)].	turdus merula from nevers (france) is infected by two species of microfilariae which both evolve in eight days (26 degrees c) in culicoides nubeculosus. we determine as eufilaria delicata supperer, 1958, the females with the longest microfilariae, the male with slightly unequal spicules and the largest infective larvae. we consider the species with the shorter microfilariae, males with more markedly unequal spicules and a relatively short infective larva as e. bartlettae n. sp. the female of thi ...	1980	7224536
[trematoda of birds of lower silesia. i. euamphimerus pancreaticus baer, 1960 (opisthorchiidae, trematoda) - new parasite of the blackbird (turdus merula l.) in poland and remarks with regard to the systematic position of other species of the genus euamphimerus yamaguti, 1941].		1982	7183016
amobarbital sodium and the effects of reward and nonreward in the amsel double runway.		1967	6043012
[the neurosecretory system of the diencephalon of the european blackbird (turdus merula l.). after one year expiration and following water deprivation].		1966	5990090
[differential accumulation of chlorinated pesticides in the tissues of turdus merula].		1974	4464006
[sequence of verses in the song of the black-bird turdus merula].		1967	4385032
[periodic recurrence of verses in the song of the black-bird turdus merula].		1967	4385031
the amsel frustration effect: interpretations and research.		1973	4196467
blackbird, turdus merula l., and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus.		1973	4148119
sparing of patterned alternation but not partial reinforcement extinction effect after prenatal chronic exposure to ethanol in infant rats.	the effects of in utero administration of ethanol on single patterned alternation (pa) and the partial reinforcement extinction effect (pree) were studied in 15-day-old rat pups. this fetal-alcohol treatment had no effect on pa but eliminated the pree by reducing persistence in extinction after partial reinforcement (prf) training to its level after continuous reinforcement (crf) training, which was not affected by the treatment. the results are discussed in terms of prenatal damage to the hippo ...	1988	3355656
investigation of the significance of heavy metal contents of blackbird feathers.	the lead, cadmium and zinc in untreated blackbird (turdus merula l.) feathers is predominantly of exogenous origin. the endogenous concentration is of minor importance. the degree of surface metal pollution depends on exposure time. the exogenous fraction of heavy metals cannot be completely removed by washing procedures. the difference between washed and unwashed feathers is demonstrated by sem micrographs.	1988	3232078
vaginitis: a common malady.	approximately 90 per cent of all the vaginitides are caused by bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or trichomoniasis. bacterial vaginosis is the most frequent, causing approximately 50 per cent of vaginal infections. as described by amsel and colleagues, three of four findings indicate bacterial vaginosis: amine odor, ph greater than 4.5, clue cells, and a thin homogeneous discharge. because g. vaginalis colonizes the vagina, treatment should not be instituted in an asymptomatic woman on the basis ...	1988	3054961
the hemoglobins of the adult blackbird (turdus merula, passeriformes). the sequence of the major (hba) and minor component (hbd).	the blood of the adult blackbird contains one major hemoglobin component (hba = alpha a2, beta 2, ca. 80%) and one minor one (hbd = alpha d2 beta 2, ca. 20%). the hb-components were separated by fplc on a tsk sp-5 pw column, and eluted with a linear nacl gradient, while the globin chains were purified on a cation exchange (cm-cellulose). tryptic peptides from the globin chains were separated by hplc on an rp-2 lichrosorb column. the complete amino acid sequence was determined by automatic edman ...	1989	2757791
[phoresy and hyperparasitism in ornithomya (diptera, hippoboscidae) in the federal republic of germany].	243 louse-flies of the genus ornithomya were examined for mites and mallophaga. 12 out of 71 o. fringillina and 4 out of 153 o. avicularia were infested by microlichus avus. myialges uncus were found on 5 o. avicularia. one o. avicularia was infested by myialges pari. mallophaga were found on 8 o. avicularia. the following species were identified: allobruelia abluda, a. amsel, turdinirmus merulensis, trichodectes sp., brueelia sp.	1989	2729647
resistance to extinction following habituation to behaviourally disruptive novel stimuli.	three experiments tested the prediction, derived from generalized frustration theory (amsel, 1972), that habituation to behaviourally disruptive stimuli increases resistance to extinction in the runway. in each experiment, rats received initial consistent reinforcement (crf) training and then either continued crf (groups c), partial reinforcement (prf) training (groups p), or crf accompanied by presentations of a novel tactile, tone, or obstacle stimulus (groups d) in experiments 1-3, respective ...	1989	2595008
changes in learning about aversive nonreward accounts for ontogeny of paradoxical appetitive reward effects in the rat pup: a mathematical model (dmod) integrates results.	baby rats do not show any paradoxical appetitive reward effects (e.g., faster extinction following partial than continuous reinforcement, contrast effects when large and small rewards are given) until they are at least 12-14 days old, but can learn to pattern when reward and nonreward are alternated (e.g., amsel, 1986). these results have been puzzling, but are now successfully integrated by dmod (daly modification of rescorla and wagner's [1972] mathematical model; daly & daly, 1982). it was as ...	1991	2034754
[trematodes of birds from lower silesia. iii. urotocus rossitensis (mühling, 1898)--new for poland species of trematode parasitism in passeriform birds].	during the studies on trematode fauna of birds from lower silesia, the rare species--urotocus rossitensis (mühling, 1898)--was found. it parasitized in the bursa fabricii of sylvia borin, erithacus rubecula and turdus philomelos, and in the cloaca of turdus merula. all these birds are new hosts for u. rossitensis which was recorded for the first time in poland. it is worth mentioning that the localization of this trematode in the cloaca of t. merula is nontypical, since the parasite has underdev ...	1991	1844788
[a case of bringing along mediterranean ticks ixodes (ixodes) festai rondelli, 1926 (acari: ixodida: ixodidae) to poland by migrating birds].	a partly fed female of i. festai was collected from turdus merula l. caught in hel peninsula (southern coast of baltic sea). this species (known only as females) is a parasite of birds, and inhabits western part of the mediterranean area. i. festai is a second species after hyalomma marginatum which probably every spring is transferred by migratory bird into territory of poland. this finding is the first recorded case of transfer of i. festai to poland, therefore the description of female is giv ...	1991	1823490
[turdus merula l. as a proper host of capillaria ovopunctata (nematoda, capillariidae)].	biometrical analysis of four morphometric characters of male and female specimens of capillaria ovopunctata parasitizing in sturnus vulgaris, erithacus rubecula, turdus philomelos and turdus merula, i.e. length of body, oesophagus, number of stichocytes or length of spicula and vulvar appendage respectively was carried out. it has been proved, that characters of females c. ovopunctata parasitizing in t. merula significantly differ from those of the nematodes found in other hosts. the present and ...	1991	1822042
loss of lyme disease spirochetes from ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on european blackbirds.	to determine whether blackbirds (turdus merula), the most abundant and most abundantly tick-infested ecotonal bird of central europe, may contribute to the transmission of the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi), we compared the infectivity to ticks of naturally as well as experimentally infected blackbirds and rodents. european blackbirds experience intense exposure to ixodes ricinus ticks and to the pathogens that they transmit. in nature, subadult i. ricinus ticks found feeding on ...	1992	1740177
statistical evaluation of diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis.	bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginitis in women of reproductive age. in an attempt to clarify diagnosis of this condition, various parameters of signs and symptoms and groups of parameters were compared with classical diagnostic criteria in 310 patients. there was no significant difference in positive diagnosis rates between the amsel et al. criteria and those of thomason et al. (p = 0.25). the single most reliable indicator of bacterial vaginosis was the presence of clue cell ...	1990	1689107
seasonal differences in resting metabolic rate of turdus merula.		1975	1196402
[new faunal and biological observations on ticks in abruzzo].	ticks collected during the years 1975-76 in abruzzo (prov. l'aquila and chieti) italy are reported. the following species have been identified: ixodes canisuga, ixodes frontalis, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes ricinus, dermacentor marginatus, haemaphysalis sulcata, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus sanguineus, hyalomma marginatum. new hosts are: felis catus for ixodes canisuga; scolopax rusticola, motacilla flava, corvus cornix for ixodes frontalis; sciurus vulgaris for haemaphysalis punctata; garrul ...	1976	1032325
effects of consistent to partial reinforcement or partial reinforcement in the amsel frustration effect.		1978	663026
[physaloptera (pseudophysaloptera) soricina (bayliss, 1934) in a blackbird turdus merula l].		1979	574688
[nematoda of blackbird (turdus merula l.) and mavis (turdus philomelos br.) from the wroclaw region. i. faunistic studies].		1979	524890
[nematoda of blackbird (turdus merula l.) and mavis (turdus philomelos br.) from the wroclaw district. ii. ecological study].		1979	516737