Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| ultrastructural features of the uterus in the sexually immature ostrich (struthio camelus) during periods of ovarian inactivity and activity. | the ultrastructure of the surface epithelium and tubular glands of the uterus in the immature ostrich is described. in ostriches with inactive ovaries the uterus is lined by a non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium, with basally located heterochromatic nuclei. scanning electron microscopy revealed that these non-ciliated cells have a dense microvillous cover. a simple columnar to pseudostratified columnar epithelium, comprised of non-ciliated and ciliated cells, lines the uterus in birds with a ... | 2007 | 17933362 |
| proteolytic cleavage of ostrich and turkey pancreatic lipases: production of an active n-terminal domain. | the aim of this study was to check some biochemical and structural properties of ostrich and turkey pancreatic lipases (opl and tpl, respectively). | 2007 | 17895836 |
| experimental infectious bursal disease in the ostrich (struthio camelus). | clinically severe disease was produced in ostriches aged 4 weeks by oral infection with a virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (vibdv), namely strain faragher 52/70. four days after infection the birds were humanely killed and tissue samples, including thymus, bursa of fabricius (bf), brain and kidney were collected for examination. histopathologically, the thymus and bf showed severe lymphoid depletion and necrosis, while immunolabelling with a polyclonal antibody demonstrated abu ... | 2007 | 17880991 |
| sexual practices of church youths in the era of hiv/aids: playing the ostrich. | the church could be a powerful force for social and behavioural change, particularly in the current efforts to combat the hiv/aids pandemic. anecdotal evidence suggests that church youths are sexually active but few studies have documented the sexual practices of these youths. we looked at the sexual practices of 341 youths in two churches in southern nigeria. sixty-five percent were sexually experienced; age at first sexual intercourse for males was seven years and eight years for females. by 1 ... | 2007 | 17851991 |
| effect of diet on the metabolic profile of ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus). | in order to study the metabolic profile of ostriches in relation to diet, 40 animals of both sexes were divided equally into two groups and fed two diets ad libitum consisting, on a dry matter basis, of the same commercial concentrate (60%) for the two groups and of corn silage (group a) or alfalfa hay (group b). in the morning, after about 12 h of fasting, blood was collected from the wing vein. the following haematological parameters were determined with an automatic system (ektachem 250 analy ... | 2007 | 17847821 |
| dating pleistocene archeological sites by protein diagenesis in ostrich eggshell. | eggshells of the african ostrich (struthio camelus), ubiquitous in archeological sites in africa, have been shown by laboratory simulation experiments to retain their indigenous organic matrix residues during diagenesis far better than any other calcified tissue yet studied. the rate of l-isoleucine epimerization to d-alloisoleucine follows reversible first-order kinetics and has been calibrated for local temperature effects and used to estimate the age range of stratified archeological sites. a ... | 1990 | 17843317 |
| paleognathous carinate birds from the early tertiary of north america. | fossils newly discovered in the paleocene and early eocene of western north america document some of the oldest birds known from nearly complete skeletons. these were medium-sized carinates with powers of sustained flight but which had a paleognathous palate like that of the flightless ostrich-like birds and the tinamous. the fossils provide additional evidence that the paleognathous palate is probably primitive and therefore should not be cited as a derived character state to define the ostrich ... | 1981 | 17789293 |
| parallel mutations in the ostrich. | 1920 | 17737045 | |
| the evolution of the avian genome as revealed by comparative molecular cytogenetics. | birds are characterised by feathers, flight, a small genome and a very distinctive karyotype. despite the large numbers of chromosomes, the diploid count of 2n approximately 80 has remained remarkably constant with 63% of birds where 2n = 74-86, 24% with 2n = 66-74 and extremes of 2n = 40 and 2n = 142. of these, the most studied is the chicken (2n = 78), and molecular cytogenetic probes generated from this species have been used to further understand the evolution of the avian genome. the ancest ... | 2007 | 17675846 |
| differences in stride between healthy ostriches (struthio camelus) and those affected by tibiotarsal rotation. | twenty healthy ostriches (ten cocks and ten hens), and twenty birds with tibiotarsal rotation (nine cocks and 11 hens) (14 months old) were isolated, hooded and weighed. a run (50 m x 2.5 m) was divided into sections marked 5 m, 10 m, 15 m and 20 m. time taken for each bird to pass these points was recorded and speed computed. the degree of tibiotarsal rotation in the right foot was mean +/- sem, 156 +/- 2.69 degrees. comparisons between left and right foot length in healthy birds showed no sign ... | 2007 | 17665768 |
| a preliminary study on normal electrocardiographic parameters of ostriches (struthio camelus). | electrocardiograms were taken from 100 normal healthy male and female ostriches which were 1 to 15 months old using a base apex lead. the heart rate of those less than 3 months old ranged from 107 to 250 beats per minute with a mean of 171.47 +/- 9.03 and that of ostriches of more than 3 months old ranged from 43 to 167 with a mean of 90.52 +/- 2.64 beats/minute. the p-waves were positive in all cases except in 1 ostrich which it was isoelectric. the ors complexes were mainly negative and either ... | 2007 | 17665766 |
| [the avian middle ear (struthio camelus). data for the physiology of sound transmission in systems with a single ossicle in the chain]. | the columella of birds, often cited in the literature, has yet to be adequately described. we aim to give an account of this transmission element, describing its anchoring systems and detailing the muscle associated to it. | 2007 | 17663944 |
| ostrich pancreatic phospholipase a(2): purification and biochemical characterization. | ostrich pancreatic phospholipase a(2) (opla(2)) was purified from delipidated pancreases. pure protein was obtained after heat treatment (70 degrees c), precipitation by ammonium sulphate and ethanol, respectively followed by sequential column chromatography on monoq sepharose and size exclusion hplc column. purified opla(2), which is not a glycosylated protein, was found to be monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 13773.93 da. a specific activity of 840u/mg for purified opla(2) was measure ... | 2007 | 17656163 |
| a case of conjoined cephalopagus twinning in an ostrich (struthio camelus). | conjoined twinnings have been reported in most domestic animal species and in some avian species. cases of conjoined twins have not been reported in the ostrich so far. a hybrid blue neck x african black male ostrich conjoined twinning was born at the end of artificial egg incubation and died spontaneously 24 h after the hatching. it was frozen and sent to the unit of veterinary pathology of the university of messina for gross examination. the most important gross findings involved the external ... | 2007 | 17617102 |
| macroscopic features of the arterial supply to the reproductive system of the male ostrich (struthio camelus). | the macroscopic features of the arterial supply to the reproductive system of the male ostrich was studied in 16 pre-pubertal and eight sexually mature and active birds. the left and right cranial renal arteries arise from the aorta, between the cranial divisions of the kidneys. these vessels supply the cranial divisions of the kidneys, the testes, the epididymides and the cranial segments of the ducti deferentia. accessory testicular arteries which arise directly from the aorta are present in 4 ... | 2007 | 17617101 |
| muscle moment arms of pelvic limb muscles of the ostrich (struthio camelus). | muscle moment arms were measured for major muscles of the pelvic limb of the ostrich (struthio camelus) in order to assess specific functional behaviour and to apply this to locomotor performance. pelvic limbs of six juvenile ostriches were used for this study. the tendon travel technique was used to measure moment arms of 21 muscles at the hip, knee, ankle and metatarsophalangeal joints throughout the ranges of motion observed during level running. six of the 21 muscles measured were found to h ... | 2007 | 17608640 |
| the molecular basis of chromosome orthologies and sex chromosomal differentiation in palaeognathous birds. | palaeognathous birds (struthioniformes and tinamiformes) have morphologically conserved karyotypes and less differentiated zw sex chromosomes. to delineate interspecific chromosome orthologies in palaeognathous birds we conducted comparative chromosome painting with chicken (gallus gallus, gga) chromosome 1-9 and z chromosome paints (gga1-9 and ggaz) for emu, double-wattled cassowary, ostrich, greater rhea, lesser rhea and elegant crested tinamou. all six species showed the same painting pattern ... | 2007 | 17605112 |
| running in ostriches (struthio camelus): three-dimensional joint axes alignment and joint kinematics. | although locomotor kinematics in walking and running birds have been examined in studies exploring many biological aspects of bipedalism, these studies have been largely limited to two-dimensional analyses. incorporating a five-segment, 17 degree-of-freedom (d.f.) kinematic model of the ostrich hind limb developed from anatomical specimens, we quantified the three-dimensional (3-d) joint axis alignment and joint kinematics during running (at approximately 3.3 m s(-1)) in the largest avian biped, ... | 2007 | 17601959 |
| dermatitis & conjunctivitis in workers on an ostrich farm following thrips infestation. | 2007 | 17598947 | |
| use of faeces as an alternative inoculum to caecal content to study in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus). | 1. in order to find an alternative source of inoculum to caecal content for studying the in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus), caecal content and faeces of 4 male birds were used as inocula for an in vitro gas production trial. 2. about 1 g of each of 5 substrates (maize silage, cs; alfalfa hay, ah; barley, bg; soybean meal, sm; beet pulp, bp) was weighed, in quadruplicate per inoculum, in 120 ml flasks; 75 ml of anaerobic medium and 4 ml of re ... | 2007 | 17578699 |
| effects of cations on antimicrobial activity of ostricacins-1 and 2 on e. coli o157:h7 and s. aureus 1056mrsa. | ostricacin-1 and ostricacin-2 (osp-1 and osp-2) were beta-defensins antimicrobial peptides that were purified from ostrich leukocytes using a cation-exchange column and a semi-prep rp-hplc column. both ostricacins were subjected to increased concentrations of monovalent cations (k(+) and na(+)) and divalent cations (ca(2+) and mg(2+)) in order to investigate the effect of cations on the activity of these ostricacins on gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria. the radial diffusion assay ... | 2007 | 17554470 |
| is there a relationship between the chromatin status and dna fragmentation of boar spermatozoa following freezing-thawing? | in this study a radioisotope method, which is based on the quantitative measurements of tritiated-labeled actinomycin d ((3)h-amd) incorporation into the sperm nuclei ((3)h-amd incorporation assay), was used to assess the chromatin status of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. this study also tested the hypothesis that frozen-thawed spermatozoa with altered chromatin were susceptible to dna fragmentation measured with the neutral comet assay (nca). boar semen was diluted in lactose-hen egg yolk-glyc ... | 2007 | 17543381 |
| [experimental investigations on middle ear prostheses with an integrated micro joint]. | quasi static pressure changes as they occur in altitude changes or valsalva's manoeuvre are causing great tympanic membrane displacements. these can produce a prosthesis dislocation from the stapes footplate, in case of using a torp for reconstruction. additionally, prostheses extrusions can occur in the chronically poor ventilated middle ear. anatomical studies on the ostrich demonstrate that the flexible columella in the avian middle ear provides a good sound transmission and features an effec ... | 2007 | 17538859 |
| thysanoptera infestation on skin and periorbital cellulitis in ostriches (struthio camelus) aged 14 months. | to report the infestation of thysanoptera (limothrips denticornis) on ostriches (struthio camelus) and to determine their relative density. | 2007 | 17534415 |
| flexibility along the neck of the ostrich (struthio camelus) and consequences for the reconstruction of dinosaurs with extreme neck length. | the gross morphology and the flexibility along the neck of the ostrich (struthio camelus) were examined using fresh tissue as well as neck skeletons. the results of the morphologic studies were compared with results from observations of living ostriches. the investigation was focused on differences in the morphology and the function between different sections of the neck. additionally, the function of major dorsal neck ligaments was examined, including measurements of force-strain-relations. com ... | 2007 | 17514722 |
| phylogenetic analysis of low-pathogenicity avian influenza h6n2 viruses from chicken outbreaks (2001-2005) suggest that they are reassortants of historic ostrich low-pathogenicity avian influenza h9n2 and h6n8 viruses. | low-pathogenicity (lpai) and high-pathogenicity (hpai) avian influenza viruses are periodically isolated from south african ostriches, but during 2002 the first recorded outbreak of lpai (h6n2) in south african chickens occurred on commercial farms in the camperdown area of kwazulu/natal (kzn) province. sequence analysis of all eight genes were performed and phylogenetic analysis was done based on the hemagglutinin and neuraminidasc sequences. results from phylogenetic analyses indicated that th ... | 2007 | 17494567 |
| an ostrich eye view of avian flu? | until recently i have had my head in the sand about a potential influenza pandemic. i hadn't fully taken in the implications of numbers of people infected, potential loss of life or the huge disruption to communities and services. i hadn't thought that it is not really a matter of if a pandemic occurs, but when. | 2007 | 17492059 |
| reptilian transferrins: evolution of disulphide bridges and conservation of iron-binding center. | transferrins, found in invertebrates and vertebrates, form a physiologically important family of proteins playing a major role in iron acquisition and transport, defense against microbial pathogens, growth and differentiation. these proteins are bilobal in structure and each lobe is composed of two domains divided by a cleft harboring an iron atom. vertebrate transferrins comprise of serotransferrins, lactoferrins and ovotransferrins. in mammals serotransferrins transport iron in physiological f ... | 2007 | 17466466 |
| crooked beak in a 14-month-old ostrich (struthio camelus) hen. | 2006 | 17458338 | |
| changes in numbers of large ovarian follicles, plasma luteinizing hormone and estradiol-17beta concentrations and egg production figures in farmed ostriches throughout the year. | in this study we described and analysed changes in the numbers of large ovarian follicles (diameter 6.1-9.0 cm) and in the plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (lh) and estradiol-17beta (e(2)beta) in relation to individual egg production figures of farmed ostriches (struthio camelus spp.) throughout one year. ultrasound scanning and blood sampling for plasma hormone analysis were performed in 9 hens on a monthly basis during the breeding season and in two periods of the non-breeding seas ... | 2007 | 17452050 |
| characterization of staphylococcus aureus isolates from buffalo, bovine, ovine, and caprine milk samples collected in rio de janeiro state, brazil. | eighty-four staphylococcal isolates were obtained from milk samples from cows, sheep, goats, and buffalo with subclinical mastitis and from colonization samples from ostriches. the animals were hosted in 18 small dairy herds and an ostrich breeding located in 10 municipalities of the state of rio de janeiro, brazil. thirty isolates were identified as staphylococcus aureus by biochemical and molecular techniques and were comparatively characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods. the molecul ... | 2007 | 17449696 |
| first finding of libyostrongylosis in farm-reared ostriches (struthio camelus) in croatia: unusual histopathological finding in the brain of two ostriches, naturally infected with libyostrongylus douglasi. | in the present work, the very first finding of libyostrongylus douglasi in farm-reared ostriches in croatia, was described, not only as the main cause of the death, but also as the cause of persistent infection. the results of histopathological examination of almost all parenchymatous organs in two routinely necropsied ostriches were presented, including atypical histopathological finding in the brain and the result of the l. douglasi scanning electron microscopical (sem) examination. in order t ... | 2007 | 17448602 |
| use of rabbits in ostrich rearing. | 1998 | 17424496 | |
| saskatchewan. conjunctivitis associated with staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus in an ostrich. | 1989 | 17423428 | |
| cdna cloning of proopiomelanocortin (pomc) and mass spectrometric identification of pomc-derived peptides from snake and alligator pituitaries. | proopiomelanocortin (pomc) is the precursor of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) and beta-endorphin, and is suggested to have evolved by the insertion and deletion of ancestral msh segments. here, the primary structure of pomc was determined with cdna cloning of brown tree snakes of squamata and american alligators of crocodylia to show an overview of the molecular evolution of pomc in reptiles. snake and alligator pomcs are composed of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-msh segments and a single beta- ... | 2007 | 17418842 |
| pneumo- and neurotropism of avian origin italian highly pathogenic avian influenza h7n1 isolates in experimentally infected mice. | an experimental infection of mice was performed in order to investigate the potential for interspecies transmission in mammals of italian hpai viruses of the h7n1 subtype. three avian origin isolates were selected, two strains obtained from ostrich (one of which contained a pb2-627 lysine residue) and one from a chicken. following intranasal infection of mice, clinical signs and mortality were recorded in the experimental groups challenged with the two ostrich isolates, while only weight loss wa ... | 2007 | 17408714 |
| mechanics of cutting maneuvers by ostriches (struthio camelus). | we studied the strategies used by cursorial bipeds (ostriches) to maneuver during running. eight ostriches were induced to run along a trackway and execute turns. ground reaction forces and three-dimensional kinematics of the body and leg joints were simultaneously recorded, allowing calculation of joint angles and quasi-static net joint torques. sidesteps, where the leg on the outside of the turn changes the movement direction, and crossovers using the inside leg, occurred with nearly equal fre ... | 2007 | 17401120 |
| a 3d interactive method for estimating body segmental parameters in animals: application to the turning and running performance of tyrannosaurus rex. | we developed a method based on interactive b-spline solids for estimating and visualizing biomechanically important parameters for animal body segments. although the method is most useful for assessing the importance of unknowns in extinct animals, such as body contours, muscle bulk, or inertial parameters, it is also useful for non-invasive measurement of segmental dimensions in extant animals. points measured directly from bodies or skeletons are digitized and visualized on a computer, and the ... | 2007 | 17363001 |
| analyzing the evolution of beta-endorphin post-translational processing events: studies on reptiles. | in many cartilaginous fishes, most ray-finned fishes, lungfishes, and amphibians, the post-translational processing of pomc includes the monobasic cleavage of beta-endorphin to yield an opioid that is eight to ten amino acids in length. the amino acid motif within the beta-endorphin sequence required for a monobasic cleavage event is -e-r-(s/g)-q-. mammals and birds lack this motif and as a result beta-endorphin(1-8) is a not an end-product in either group. since both mammals and birds were deri ... | 2007 | 17353011 |
| mechanisms of action of ostrich beta-defensins against escherichia coli. | to understand their mechanism of antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria, ostrich beta-defensins, ostricacins-1 and 2 (osp-1 and osp-2), were compared with those of sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide (smap)-29 and human neutrophil peptide (hnp)-1, well-characterized sheep alpha-helical and human alpha-defensin peptides, respectively. fluorescence-based biochemical assays demonstrated that the ostricacins bound lipopolysaccharides and disrupted both outer and cytoplasmic membrane i ... | 2007 | 17263840 |
| genetic characteristics of the ostrich population using molecular methods. | a genetic analysis was performed on polish ostriches from the 3 principal ostrich breeds: red-, blue-, and black-necks. the analysis was based on 2 molecular methods: dna fingerprinting and microsatellites. the dna fingerprinting patterns were obtained using the restriction enzyme hinfi and jeffrey's 33.15 probe. the second method consisted of a pcr procedure, for which 5 vias-os primers specific to the ostrich were used. the pcr products were separated on polyacrylamide gel using alfexpress (au ... | 2007 | 17234840 |
| comparison of the z and w sex chromosomal architectures in elegant crested tinamou (eudromia elegans) and ostrich (struthio camelus) and the process of sex chromosome differentiation in palaeognathous birds. | to clarify the process of avian sex chromosome differentiation in palaeognathous birds, we performed molecular and cytogenetic characterization of w chromosome-specific repetitive dna sequences for elegant crested tinamou (eudromia elegans, tinamiformes) and constructed comparative cytogenetic maps of the z and w chromosomes with nine chicken z-linked gene homologues for e. elegans and ostrich (struthio camelus, struthioniformes). a novel family of w-specific repetitive sequences isolated from e ... | 2007 | 17219176 |
| scorpion digestive lipase: a member of a new invertebrate's lipase group presenting novel characteristics. | unlike classical digestive lipases, the scorpion digestive lipase (sdl) has a strong basic character. the sdl activity's optimal ph, when using tributyrin or olive oil as substrate, was 9.0. added to that, the estimated isoelectric point of the native sdl using the electrofocusing technique, was found to be higher than 9.6. to our knowledge, this is the first report of an animal digestive lipase having such a basic character. when olive oil was used as substrate, sdl was shown to be insensitive ... | 2007 | 17212975 |
| the morphology of the pecten oculi of the ostrich, struthio camelus. | the pecten oculi is a structure peculiar to the avian eye. three morphological types of pecten oculi are recognized: conical type, vaned type and pleated type. the pleated type has been well studied. however, there exists only scanty data on the morphology of the latter two types of pectens. the structure of the vaned type of pecten of the ostrich, struthio camelus was investigated with light and electron microscope. the pecten of this species consists of a vertical primary lamella that arises f ... | 2006 | 17140144 |
| adolescent suicide in the middle east: ostrich head in sand. | 2006 | 17128365 | |
| muscle architecture and functional anatomy of the pelvic limb of the ostrich (struthio camelus). | the functional anatomy of the pelvic limb of the ostrich (struthio camelus) was investigated in order to assess musculoskeletal specialization related to locomotor performance. the pelvic limbs of ten ostriches were dissected and detailed measurements of all muscle tendon units of the pelvic limb were made, including muscle mass, muscle length, fascicle length, pennation angle, tendon mass and tendon length. from these measurements other muscle properties such as muscle volume, physiological cro ... | 2006 | 17118064 |
| pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of doxycycline in ostriches (struthio camelus) at two different dose rates. | a bioavailability and pharmacokinetics study of doxycycline was carried out on 30 healthy ostriches after a single intravenous (iv), intramuscular (im) and oral dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. the plasma doxycycline concentration was determined by hplc/uv at 0 (pretreatment), 0.08, 0.25, 0.5 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after administration. the plasma concentration-time curves were examined using non-compartmental methods based on the statistical moment theory for only the higher dose. after iv ... | 2006 | 17106222 |
| ultrastructural features of the follicular wall in developing follicles of the sexually immature ostrich (struthio camelus). | the ultrastructure of the follicular wall in primordial, previtellogenic and vitellogenic follicles of the sexually immature ostrich is described in the present study. the follicular wall consists of a zona radiata, granulosa cell layer, basal lamina and thecal layer. cytoplasmic processes from the plasma membranes of the granulosa cell layer and the ovocyte form the zona radiata in previtellogenic and vitellogenic follicles. the granulosa cell layer transforms from simple cuboidal epithelium in ... | 2006 | 17058442 |
| selenium distribution in eggs of avian species. | we studied the effect of egg mass of eight different avian species on se distribution between egg components and the effect of incubation on se accumulation by chicken eggshell and shell membrane. eight groups of birds received a diet without se supplementation. unfertile eggs were collected after 35 days of feeding; yolk, albumen, shell and shell membrane were assayed separately for se. all avian species studied showed identical se concentration in yolk-albumen complex equal to 38.7 microg se/1 ... | 2006 | 17055312 |
| detection of thermotolerant campylobacter in ostriches (struthio camelus) in italy. | during the period january 2004 to december 2005 four different ostrich farms were investigated to evaluate the presence of thermotolerant campylobacter. a total of 150 ostriches were examined and all were found to be clinically healthy. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 60/150 cloacal swabs. among the isolates, 48 were identified as campylobacter jejuni whereas the remainder were identified as campylobacter coli. campylobacter lari was not isolated. the ostriches, although apparently in a he ... | 2007 | 16959506 |
| immunoreactivities to protein gene product 9.5, neurofilament protein and neuron specific enolase in nerves in the oviduct of the sexually immature ostrich, struthio camelus. | the present study investigated the distribution of nerves in the oviduct of the sexually immature ostrich. the presence of protein gene product 9.5, neurofilament protein and neuron specific enolase nerve fibres were demonstrated in the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, shell gland and vagina. nerve fibres containing protein gene product 9.5, neuron specific enolase and neurofilament protein were particularly numerous in the tunica muscularis and intermuscular connective tissue areas of the shell g ... | 2006 | 16958264 |
| biochemical and structural comparative study between bird and mammal pancreatic colipases. | three colipases were purified from pancreas of two birds (ostrich and turkey) and one mammal (dromedary). after acidic and/or heat treatment and precipitation by sulfate ammonium and then ethanol, cofactors were purified by sephadex g-50 gel filtration followed by ion-exchange chromatography first on mono s and then on mono q. one molecular form was obtained from each species with a molecular mass of approximately 10 kda. cofactors were not glycosylated. the n-terminal sequences of the three pur ... | 2006 | 16957180 |
| new insights into the phylogeny of entamoeba species provided by analysis of four new small-subunit rrna genes. | sequences of small-subunit rrna genes have been obtained for four new isolates of entamoeba. phylogenetic analyses give new insights into the evolution of these organisms. a novel entamoeba from pigs in vietnam that produces uninucleate cysts proved to be unrelated to other uninucleated cyst-producing species. revival of the name entamoeba suis for this organism is proposed. instead of being related to entamoeba polecki, it shares a recent common ancestor with the non-encysting entamoeba gingiva ... | 2006 | 16957127 |
| an ostrich contemplates pbc. | 2006 | 16954016 | |
| outbreaks of avian influenza h6n2 viruses in chickens arose by a reassortment of h6n8 and h9n2 ostrich viruses. | the first recorded outbreak of avian influenza (ai) in south african chickens (low pathogenicity h6n2) occurred at camperdown, kwazulu/natal province (kzn) in june 2002. to determine the source of the outbreak, we defined the phylogenetic relationships between various h6n2 isolates, and the previously unpublished gene sequences of an h6n8 virus isolated in 1998 from ostriches in the leeu gamka region (a/ostrich/south africa/kk98/98). we demonstrated that two distinct genetic h6n2 lineages (sub-l ... | 2007 | 16927114 |
| shelf life of ostrich (struthio camelus) liver stored under different packaging conditions. | ostrich (struthio camelus) liver is an important edible meat by-product. however, it has a low commercial value, and it is underutilized. the present study was conducted to establish the shelf life of ostrich liver, stored at 2 +/- 1 degrees c for 18 days, under different packing conditions. fresh livers were sliced and packed under air exposure, vacuum, and modified atmosphere (ma: 80% co2 plus 20% n2). shelf-life evaluation was based on color, lipid and hemopigment oxidation, microbial counts, ... | 2006 | 16924918 |
| head injury caused by an ostrich: a rare entity. | human injuries caused by animals are not uncommon and have been reported in the literature on many occasions. most of the animals commonly involved are dogs, cats, cows, horses and camels. injuries are usually on the trunk or limbs and sometimes on the face. human injuries caused by an ostrich are rare and only three cases have been reported with severe ocular injury. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of head injury caused by an ostrich in a child. | 2006 | 16902344 |
| effect of different procedures of ejaculate collection, extenders and packages on dna integrity of boar spermatozoa following freezing-thawing. | whole ejaculate or sperm-rich fraction, collected from four sexually mature boars, was frozen in an extender containing lactose-hen egg yolk with glycerol (lactose-hey-g) or extender containing lactose, lyophilized lipoprotein fractions isolated from ostrich egg yolk and glycerol (lactose-lpfo-g), and orvus es paste, respectively. the sperm samples were also frozen in a standard boar semen extender (kortowo-3), without the addition of cryoprotective substances. sperm dna integrity was assessed u ... | 2007 | 16889911 |
| [the case of acaridosis in african ostrich (struthio camelus) breeding]. | the aim of the study was to determine a reason for failing health eondition and deaths among the ostriches in the newly-established breeding farm situated within the boundaries of toruĊ voivodship. both initial observations and examinations of three alive and two dead birds presupposed an appearance of ectoparasitical disease. the autopsies were performed and the specimens for bacteriological and parasitological studies were subsequently obtained. the ectoparasitically-directed studies were the ... | 1999 | 16886464 |
| biological studies and molecular characterization of a cryptosporidium isolate from ostriches (struthio camelus). | there are many reports of cryptosporidial infection in ostriches, but none with molecular characterization of the isolates. a study was undertaken for the characterization of a brazilian cryptosporidium sp. ostrich isolate by using molecular phylogenetic analysis of fragments of the 18s ribosomal dna, heat-shock protein (hsp) 70 coding gene, and actin coding gene. biological studies were accomplished by the experimental inoculation of chickens via oral or intratracheal routes with fresh ostrich ... | 2006 | 16884009 |
| experimental verification of the crucial roles of glu73 in the catalytic activity and structural stability of goose type lysozyme. | the roles of glu(73), which has been proposed to be a catalytic residue of goose type (g-type) lysozyme based on x-ray structural studies, were investigated by means of its replacement with gln, asp, and ala using ostrich egg-white lysozyme (oel) as a model. no remarkable differences in secondary structure or substrate binding ability were observed between the wild type and glu(73)-mutated proteins, as evaluated by circular dichroism (cd) spectroscopy and chitin-coated celite chromatography. sub ... | 2006 | 16877771 |
| [case report: libyostrongylus douglassii-associated proventriculitis in ostriches in germany]. | cases of libyostrongylus douglassii-associated proventriculitis in an adult female ostrich and two ostrich chicks occurring on two farms in different federal states of germany are described. the adult bird was recently bought and kept under quarantaine conditions without contact to other animals of the herd. without developing clinical signs of illness, the animal died. at necropsy, typical lesions of wireworm infection were found. the lining of the stomach had a moth-eaten appearance. massive a ... | 2006 | 16856612 |
| the morphology of the efferent ducts of the testis of the ostrich, a primitive bird. | the efferent duct of the ostrich consists of two segments, the proximal efferent duct (ped) and the distal efferent duct (ded) that are continuous, as in some other birds. both segments of the duct possess an epithelium comprising non-ciliated and ciliated cells in varying proportions between the two segments. the non-ciliated cell (type i) of the ped contains a well-developed, subapical endocytic apparatus of apical tubules and endocytic vacuoles, a solitary, large, heterogeneous lipid droplet, ... | 2006 | 16850342 |
| proliferative response by the ostrich proventriculus in idiopathic gastric stasis: a case report. | in this report, the late clinical, necropsy, and histopathological findings of idiopathic gastric stasis in an ostrich are described, with special attention to the proventriculus. an ostrich with clinical signs of gastric stasis was brought to our clinic in a state of impending death that could not be reversed with emergency medical care. at necropsy, the koilin layer of the gizzard was uneven without ulcerations. the proventriculus was distended with food items without impaction and mucosal les ... | 2006 | 16841759 |
| a morphological and immunohistochemical study of healthy and atretic follicles in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich (struthio camelus). | the morphology of healthy and atretic follicles in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich was described in the present study. in addition, the distribution of the intermediate filaments desmin, vimentin and smooth muscle actin, in these ovarian follicles, was demonstrated. healthy and atretic primordial, pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic follicles were present in the ovaries of the sexually immature ostrich. atresia occurred during all stages of follicular development. atretic primordial and ... | 2006 | 16836590 |
| antibody responses in ostriches (struthio camelus) vaccinated with commercial live and killed newcastle disease vaccines. | three ostriches (struthio camelus) were immunized with commercially available live and killed newcastle disease (nd) vaccines for chickens and the antibody responses to the nd vaccines were evaluated by a virus-neutralization (vn) test. primary vaccination with the live vaccine, b1, by eye drop was followed with two shots of alum-precipitated killed vaccine via subcutaneous injection in the neck. as a final booster, another live vaccine, clone 30, was used by eye drop. a vn antibody titer, more ... | 2006 | 16820723 |
| serological and virological studies of newcastle disease and avian influenza in slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) in japan. | serum samples from 191 ostriches (struthio camelus) in japan were tested for antibodies to newcastle disease virus (ndv) and avian influenza virus (aiv). twenty-two (12%) contained ndv-specific neutralizing antibodies by a virus-neutralization (vn) test without vaccination. antibodies to aiv were not detected in the any sera by an agar gel precipitation test. seven serum samples that had vaccinated with live ndv by eye drop were all positive by the vn test at 1 month post vaccination. a haemaggl ... | 2006 | 16757893 |
| sensitive innervation of the copulatory organ in struthio camelus: comparison to the corresponding district in female proctodeum. | the aa. have studied the nerve component of male copulatory organ and ventral part of female proctodeum in the ostrich. this paper represents the concluding part of the plan of research that aimed to verify some data and hypothesis referred in previous observations. the innervation of the considered districts was always constituted by autonomic and sensitive somatic nerve components. the autonomic innervation was represented by isolated and grouped ganglion cells located along the course of nerv ... | 2006 | 16736716 |
| morphological and histological study of the ostrich (struthio camelus l.) liver and biliary system. | the peculiarity of the digestive system of the ostrich (struthio camelus l.), which is characterized by the continuous production of bile, led us to undertake macroscopical and histological studies of the liver and its biliary system, since very little bibliographic data exist on the subject. for this purpose we observed the organs of male and female ostriches 16-18 months of age, in situ, in order to describe their location, relationships and morphology. samples of the liver were processed for ... | 2006 | 16736712 |
| microbiological profiles, ph, and titratable acidity of chorizo and salchichón (two spanish dry fermented sausages) manufactured with ostrich, deer, or pork meat. | microbial counts, ph, and titratable acidity were determined in 102 spanish dry fermented sausages (chorizo and salchichón) made with ostrich, deer, or pork meat. average microbial counts (log cfu per gram) varied from 5.46 +/- 0.24 to 8.25 +/- 0.80 (total viable counts), from 4.79 +/- 0.36 to 7.99 +/- 0.20 (psychrotrophs), from 0.00 +/- 0.00 to 0.99 +/- 1.10 (undetectable values were assumed to be zero) (enterobacteriaceae), from 0.00 +/- 0.00 to 4.27 +/- 1.47 (enterococci), from 5.15 +/- 1.15 ... | 2006 | 16715825 |
| female-specific dna sequences in ostriches. | ostrich absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes, unique sequences or markers located in the ostrich w-chromosome. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting was carried out to investigate the sex-specific dna sequence for sexing in ostrich. one hundred and forty random primers were used for random amplified polymorphic dna-polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr). one of these primers, opaj-13, produced a sex-specific band only found in tested females, which was isolated and constructed ... | 2006 | 16714099 |
| biochemical and mechanical behavior of ostrich pericardium as a new biomaterial. | we have performed a comparative analysis of glutaraldehyde-preserved ostrich pericardium, as a novel biomaterial, with bovine pericardium. the biochemical characteristics (histology, water content, amino acid composition, and collagen and elastin contents), mechanical properties, and in vivo calcification in a subcutaneous rat model were examined. ostrich pericardium is slightly thinner and shows a higher water content (70+/-2% vs. 62+/-2%) than bovine pericardium. additionally, ostrich pericard ... | 2006 | 16701880 |
| the presence of quill mites (gabucinia bicaudata) and lice (struthiolipeurus struthionis) in ostrich wing feathers. | quill mites (gabucinia bicaudata) and lice (struthiolipeurus struthionis) may infest ostrich feathers, resulting in skin damage, pruritus and excessive feather preening and loss. four different feather types (prime white, femina extra wide, femina class 1, and femina short; n = 10) were collected. the quill mites and lice were removed with fine forceps, studied using a photographic optical microscope and counted microscopically at x 100 magnification following collection by sedimentation. they w ... | 2006 | 16700469 |
| violence, zero tolerance and the subversion of professional practice. | assaults on health care staff have been a fact of life since the earliest years of organised health services, but it is only in recent years that governments have begun to acknowledge the problem. assaults not only inflict physical and emotional injury, but undermine morale, create a climate of fear, and subvert the quality of care. they are also costly in terms of lost labour, compensation, and legal and procedural expenses. the response to violence in health care settings has thus far ranged f ... | 2006 | 16696604 |
| biochemistry of fern spore germination: globulin storage proteins in matteuccia struthiopteris l. | two globulin storage proteins have been identified in spores of the ostrich fern, matteuccia struthiopteris (l.) todaro. the two proteins comprise a significant amount of the total spore protein, are predominantly salt-soluble, and can be extracted by other solvents to a limited extent. the large 11.3 svedberg unit (s) globulin is composed of five polypeptides with molecular weights of 21,000, 22,000, 24,000, 28,000 and 30,000. each polypeptide has several isoelectric point (pi) variants between ... | 1987 | 16665699 |
| biochemistry of fern spore germination: protease activity in ostrich fern spores. | protease activities were detected in quiescent and germinating spores of the ostrich fern (matteuccia struthiopteris [l.] todaro). peak endopeptidase, aminopeptidase, and carboxypeptidase activities were detected 12 to 24 hours after spores began imbibing under light. there was a correlation between activities of proteases, the onset of a decline in levels of soluble protein, and an increase in levels of free amino acids. the earliest visible event of spore germination, breakage of the spore coa ... | 1986 | 16664754 |
| differential response in the water status of immature and mature fronds of the ostrich fern (matteuccia struthiopteris [l.] todaro) to a mild water stress. | experiments were conducted in growth chambers to examine the effect of a mild water stress (-200 kilopascals polyethylene glycol) on frond elongation and water status of the ostrich fern (matteuccia struthiopteris [l.] todaro). measurements were taken for two days, starting one day after the application of polyethylene glycol. total water potential in control (well-watered) plants was always significantly higher in immature fronds than in mature fronds. the osmotic potential in mature fronds was ... | 1983 | 16662990 |
| variance components for live weight, body measurements and reproductive traits of pair-mated ostrich females. | estimates of genetic parameters for reproductive traits, live weight and body measurements were obtained using data from a pair-mated ostrich flock at oudtshoorn in south africa. reproductive traits included total egg and chick production, along with hatchability percentage. live weight, chest circumference and tail circumferences were recorded at the commencement and cessation of breeding. heritability estimates (h(2)) were 0.23 for egg production, 0.20 for chick production, 0.10 for hatchabili ... | 2006 | 16641025 |
| immunoreactivities to protein gene product 9.5, neurofilament protein and neuron specific enolase in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich (struthio camelus). | the innervation of the ovary has been studied in various species of birds and mammals. despite the fact that the innervation of any organ is an essential factor in controlling its growth and function, no information is available on the distribution of nerve fibers in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich. thus, the present study was undertaken to investigate the distribution of nerve fibers in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich, using antibodies against neurofilament protein type m ... | 2006 | 16639498 |
| determination of the force necessary for the propagation of tears in ostrich and calf pericardium. | the durability of prosthetic heart valve leaflets made of biological materials is limited. a tear in the biomaterial accelerates their early failure, but microtearing of the collagen fibers may be responsible for their medium-term failure. we studied the force necessary to propagate tearing in two biomaterials: ostrich and calf pericardium. one hundred twenty samples of each tissue were tested in an elmendorf pendulum capable of measuring the force required to tear a tissue in which a predefined ... | 2006 | 16637030 |
| isolation, cloning and sequencing of transferrins from red-eared turtle, african ostrich, and turkey. | transferrins form an important class of iron-binding proteins widely distributed in the physiological fluids of vertebrates and invertebrates. in vertebrates they are present mostly in serum as serotransferrins. in birds and reptiles transferrins are also found in eggs as ovotransferrins. however, until now only chicken and duck ovotransferrin sequences have been published. this paper presents data on the purification, biochemical analysis, cloning and sequencing of ovotransferrins from red-eare ... | 2006 | 16631400 |
| haptoglobin, a hemoglobin-binding plasma protein, is present in bony fish and mammals but not in frog and chicken. | hemoglobin (hb) released from erythrocytes may cause oxidation of lipids and proteins. haptoglobin (hp), which occurs in the plasma of all mammals, binds free hb and inhibits its oxidative activity. it is not known whether this protective protein also exists in lower vertebrates. by analyzing available genomic sequences, we have found that bony fish, but not more primitive animals, have a gene coding for a protein homologous to mammalian hp. furthermore, we show that this protein is present in t ... | 2006 | 16537503 |
| struthiopterolichus bicaudatus (gervais) (acari: pterolichidae): a feather mite pest of the ostrich in australia. | 2006 | 16498841 | |
| egg storage period and weight effects on hatchability of ostrich (struthio camelus) eggs. | we studied the affects of storage period and egg weight on the hatchability of 314 ostrich (struthio camelus) eggs. eggs were stored at 20 degrees c and 65% rh before incubation at the poultry research, teaching and extension center at texas a&m university (college station, tx). eggs were classed by storage period (< or = 5, > 5 < or = 10, > 10 < or = 15, or > 15 < 24 d) and egg weight (< or = 1,450, > 1,450 < or = 1,650, or > 1,650 g) to determine the influence of storage period and egg weight ... | 2005 | 16479949 |
| identification of three novel ostricacins: an update on the phylogenetic perspective of beta-defensins. | three new beta-defensins, ostricacins-2, 3 and 4 (osp-2, 3 and 4), have been successfully purified and characterised from ostrich heterophils in addition to ostricacin-1 (osp-1). these peptides are composed of 36-42 amino acids with a molecular weight range of 4.70-4.98 kda. in vitro, osp-1, 3 and 4 were active against escherichia coli o157:h7 and staphylococcus aureus 1056 mrsa, whilst osp-2 was active against bacterial strains plus the yeast candida albicans 3153a. minimal inhibitory concentra ... | 2006 | 16459058 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of preproopiomelanocortin (prepomc) cdna from the ostrich (struthio camelus). | to date proopiomelanocortin (pomc), the precursor protein for melanotropin (msh), adrenocorticotropin (acth), lipotropins (lph), and beta-endorphin (beta-end) in the pituitary gland, has been studied extensively over a wide spectrum of vertebrate classes. a paucity of information exists, however, with regard to pomc in the avian class, where to date pomc from only one species, the domestic chicken, appears to have been fully characterized. in the present study, we report the use of three clones ... | 2006 | 16457826 |
| distribution of neurotrophin and trk receptor-like immunoreactivity in the adrenal gland of birds. | the occurrence and localization of neurotrophins and their specific trk receptor-like proteins in the adrenal gland of chicken, duck and ostrich were examined by immunohistochemical methods. in all species studied ngf-, trk a- and trk c-like immunoreactivity was observed in neurons and fibers of adrenal ganglia. thin trk a- and trk c-like immunoreactive fibers were also observed among chromaffin cells. nt-3-like immunoreactivity was detected in chromaffin cells as revealed by the double immunola ... | 2006 | 16456836 |
| occurrence of libyostrongylus sp. (nematoda) in ostriches (struthio camelus linnaeus, 1758) from the north region of the state of rio de janeiro, brazil. | domestic production of ostrich in brazil started in the beginning of the last decade, but its sanitary state has not been reported. libyostrongylus sp. is an ostrich specific nematode whose parasitism can severely affect the birds. thus, libyostrongylus spp. larvae were identified in commercial ostriches in the north region of the state of rio de janeiro, brazil. the epg was determined and fecal cultivation was performed. the eggs presented typical characteristics of strongylid and were present ... | 2006 | 16448757 |
| ecology and molecular epidemiology of h9n2 avian influenza viruses isolated in israel during 2000-2004 epizootic. | the first two isolates of h9n2 influenza virus were picked up from turkey and chicken hosts in may 2000, but the actual epizootic of the low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) h9n2 virus started in december 2001, following a 1.5-year period of silence, during which the h10n7 and h6n3 influenza viruses were isolated sporadically. the outbreak of the h9n2 influenza began in northern israel, from where the epizootic spread all over the country. damage was relatively limited because of the widespr ... | 2006 | 16447512 |
| phylogenetic analyses of genes from south african lpai viruses isolated in 2004 from wild aquatic birds suggests introduction by eurasian migrants. | in 2004, south africa experienced its first recorded outbreak of a highly pathogenic notifiable avian influenza (hpnai) viral strain of the h5n2 subtype in ostriches in the eastern cape province. the traditional ostrich-farming areas in the western cape province report almost yearly outbreaks of low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) in ostriches, which is attributed to introduction by wild birds and certain climatic patterns. during the winter of 2004, lpai h3n8, h4n8, h5n2 and h5n1 avian inf ... | 2006 | 16447511 |
| ecology and epidemiology of avian influenza in ostriches. | avian influenza is important because of its potential devastating effect on poultry health and trade. the ostrich industry of south africa has not escaped the consequences of control and export restrictions resulting from notifiable virus infections. ostrich farmers first observed a syndrome of green urine in the early and mid 1980s. an h7n1 subtype, causing high mortality in young ostriches but with a low pathogenicity index for chickens, was first isolated in 1991. the first highly pathogenic ... | 2006 | 16447494 |
| the ostrich (struthio camelus) blastoderm and embryo development following storage of eggs at various temperatures. | 1. the gross morphology of blastoderms in fresh unstored ostrich eggs and in eggs subjected to different regimen of storage and incubation was studied. then the effects of storage duration of eggs (1, 2 and 3 weeks) and storage temperature (15, 20 and 25 degrees c) on blastoderm and embryo development were investigated.2. only incubation following overnight storage at 18 degrees c advanced blastoderm development (1.5-fold increase in diameter) to a stage comparable to hypoblast. 3. storage of eg ... | 2005 | 16428106 |
| the ostrich strategy towards affective issues in alexithymic patients with fibromyalgia. | 2006 | 16426801 | |
| amino acid sequences and phosphorylation sites of emu and rhea eggshell c-type lectin-like proteins. | avian calcified eggshell layers contain in their organic matrix one or two c-type lectin-like proteins. previously characterized eggshell proteins of this family are chicken ovocleidin-17 (oc-17), goose ansocalcin and ostrich struthiocalcins 1 and 2 (sca-1, sca-2). in this report we present the amino acid sequences of two emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) (dromaiocalcin-1 and -2; dca-1, dca-2) and of two rhea (rhea americana) (rheacalcin-1 and -2; rca-1, rca-2) c-type lectin-like eggshell proteins, ... | 2006 | 16403478 |
| the ostrich syndrome in american pharmacy. | 2006 | 16397304 | |
| effects of freezing-thawing on dna integrity of boar spermatozoa assessed by the neutral comet assay. | a modified version of the neutral comet assay was employed to evaluate the effect of the freezing-thawing process on boar-sperm dna integrity. the sperm-rich fractions were collected from four mature boars and frozen into aluminium tubes and straws after extension in lactose-hen egg yolk-glycerol extender (lactose-hey-g) or an extender containing lactose, lyophilized lipoprotein fractions extracted from ostrich egg yolk and glycerol (lactose-lpfo-g). the semen samples were also frozen in a stand ... | 2005 | 16324079 |
| first report of a field outbreak of the oriental eye-fluke, philophthalmus gralli (mathis & leger 1910), in commercially reared ostriches (struthio camelus) in zimbabwe. | a total of 17 commercially reared ostriches (struthio camelus) from msengi farm, chinhoyi, zimbabwe, observed with swollen eyes, severe conjunctivitis and constant lacrimation accompanied by a purulent exudate, were restrained for further clinical examination. some of the birds were semi-blind with severe loss of body condition. when examined, tiny organisms were observed attached to the nictitating membranes and the conjuctival sacs of both eyes. the organisms were identified as philophthalmus ... | 2005 | 16300188 |
| morphological features of the luminal surface of the magnum in the sexually immature ostrich (struthio camelus). | summary observations were made, using scanning electron microscopy, of the surface features of the magnum in the immature ostrich during periods of ovarian inactivity, activity and regression. in birds with inactive ovaries the luminal surface of the magnum was lined with non-ciliated cells, which were densely covered by microvilli. in contrast, the magnum in birds with active ovaries was composed of ciliated and non-ciliated cells. the distribution of ciliated cells was not uniform, with clumps ... | 2005 | 16288605 |
| identification of three novel mycoplasma species from ostriches in south africa. | mycoplasmas have been implicated in certain clinical syndromes in ostriches and are associated with upper respiratory tract infections. as these infections result in production losses, they are of considerable economic importance to the south african ostrich industry. although poultry mycoplasmas have been shown to infect ostriches, the existence of unique ostrich-specific mycoplasmas has been suggested. in this study, mycoplasmas were isolated from ostriches in the klein karoo, central karoo an ... | 2005 | 16280203 |
| autonomic and sensitive somatic innervation of the ostrich elbow and knee joints articular capsule. | the present research was carried out on the fibrous layer of the ostrich's elbow and knee joints articular capsule, employing opportunely modified gold chloride ruffini's method, to study the autonomic and sensitive somatic nerve components. the distribution of both nerve components followed frequently the vascular networks. the autonomic innervation was represented by isolated or grouped ganglion cells, frequently placed along the course of nerve trunks, close to the epineurium or located withi ... | 2005 | 16277161 |