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the l(2)gl homologue of drosophila pseudoobscura suppresses tumorigenicity in transgenic drosophila melanogaster.mutations in the tumour-suppressor gene lethal(2)giant larvae (l(2)gl) of drosophila cause malignant transformation of the optic centres of the larval brain and the imaginal discs. we report the cloning and sequencing of the l(2)gl gene from drosophila pseudoobscura. comparison of this sequence with d. melanogaster reveals a significant sequence conservation within the l(2)gl protein-coding domain and a strong sequence divergence in the 5' promoter region and in the introns. the deduced amino ac ...19938389031
codon usage bias and base composition of nuclear genes in drosophila.the nuclear genes of drosophila evolve at various rates. this variation seems to correlate with codon-usage bias. in order to elucidate the determining factors of the various evolutionary rates and codon-usage bias in the drosophila nuclear genome, we compared patterns of codon-usage bias with base compositions of exons and introns. our results clearly show the existence of selective constraints at the translational level for synonymous (silent) sites and, on the other hand, the neutrality or ne ...19938349115
estimates of linkage disequilibrium and the recombination parameter determined from segregating nucleotide sites in the alcohol dehydrogenase region of drosophila pseudoobscura.the alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) region of drosophila pseudoobscura, which includes the two genes adh and adh-dup, was used to examine the pattern and organization of linkage disequilibrium among pairs of segregating nucleotide sites. a collection of 99 strains from the geographic range of d. pseudoobscura were nucleotide-sequenced with polymerase chain reaction-mediated techniques. all pairs of the 359 polymorphic sites in the 3.5-kb adh region were tested for significant linkage disequilibrium ...19938244013
structural changes in the antennapedia complex of drosophila pseudoobscura.the discovery of the striking positional conservation between the antennapedia and bithorax homeotic gene complexes (ant-c and bx-c) in drosophila melanogaster and the murine hox and human hox clusters has had a substantial impact on our understanding of the evolution of development and its genetic regulation. structural differences do exist among the mammalian hox complexes and the ant-c in d. melanogaster. to gain further insight into the evolutionary changes among these complexes, the ant-c w ...19938099892
components acting in localization of bicoid mrna are conserved among drosophila species.substantial insights into basic strategies for embryonic body patterning have been obtained from genetic analyses of drosophila melanogaster. this knowledge has been used in evolutionary comparisons to ask if genes and functions are conserved. to begin to ask how highly conserved are the mechanisms of mrna localization, a process crucial to drosophila body patterning, we have focused on the localization of bcd mrna to the anterior pole of the embryo. here we consider two components involved in t ...19948070663
synonymous codon usage in drosophila melanogaster: natural selection and translational accuracy.i present evidence that natural selection biases synonymous codon usage to enhance the accuracy of protein synthesis in drosophila melanogaster. since the fitness cost of a translational misincorporation will depend on how the amino acid substitution affects protein function, selection for translational accuracy predicts an association between codon usage in dna and functional constraint at the protein level. the frequency of preferred codons is significantly higher at codons conserved for amino ...19948005445
functional nonequivalence of sperm in drosophila pseudoobscura.we report on a form of sperm polymorphism, termed polymegaly, that occurs in species of the drosophila obscura group. individual males of species in this group characteristically produce more than one discrete length of nucleated, motile sperm. hypotheses suggested to explain the evolutionary significance of sperm polymorphism have been either nonadaptive or adaptive, with the latter focusing on sperm competition or nutrient provisioning. these hypotheses assume all sperm types fertilize eggs; h ...19947972038
evolutionary conservation of the structure and expression of alternatively spliced ultrabithorax isoforms from drosophila.in drosophila melanogaster, alternatively spliced mrnas from the homeotic gene ultrabithorax (ubx) encode a family of structurally distinct homeoprotein isoforms. the developmentally regulated expression patterns of these isoforms suggest that they have specialized stage- and tissue-specific functions. to evaluate the functional importance of ubx isoform diversity and gain clues to the mechanism that regulates processing of ubx rnas, we have investigated whether the ubx rnas of other insects und ...19947911773
big flies, small repeats: the "thr-gly" region of the period gene in diptera.the region of the clock gene period (per) that encodes a repetitive tract of threonine-glycine (thr-gly) pairs has been compared between dipteran species both within and outside the drosophilidae. all the non-drosophilidae sequences in this region are short and present a remarkably stable picture compared to the drosophilidae, in which the region is much larger and extremely variable, both in size and composition. the accelerated evolution in the repetitive region of the drosophilidae appears to ...19947815924
speciation driven by natural selection in drosophila.reinforcement is the process by which natural selection strengthens sexual isolation between incipient species, reducing the frequency of maladaptive hybridization and hence completing reproductive isolation. although this model of speciation was once widely accepted, its plausibility and experimental support have been recently attacked. here we provide an example of speciation by reinforcement, in the north american fruitfly drosophila pseudoobscura. the results suggest that females of d. pseud ...19957791899
founder-effect speciation theory: failure of experimental corroboration.the theory of founder-effect speciation proposes that colonization by very few individuals of an empty habitat favors rapid genetic changes and the evolution of a new species. we report here the results obtained in a 10-year-long and large-scale experiment with drosophila pseudoobscura designed to test the theory. in our experimental protocol, populations are established with variable numbers of very few individuals and allowed to expand greatly for several generations until conditions of severe ...19957732017
separate cis-regulatory sequences control expression of serendipity beta and janus a, two immediately adjacent drosophila genes.the genes janus (jan) a and b, and serendipity (sry) beta and delta are two pairs of duplicated genes that are adjacent to each other on the third chromosome of drosophila melanogaster. the jan a and sry beta genes are expressed throughout development in both males and females. they are transcribed in opposite orientations from start sites separated by only 173 bp of dna. we report here the complete sequence of the jan a and b genes in drosophila pseudoobscura, a species distantly related to d. ...19957700229
evidence for gene conversion in the amylase multigene family of drosophila pseudoobscura.the alpha-amylase (amy) multigene family in drosophila pseudoobscura is located on the third chromosome, which is polymorphic for more than 40 inverted gene arrangements. the number of copies in this family ranges from one to three, depending on the arrangement in question. a previous study of the three amy genes from the standard (st) arrangement suggested either that duplicated copies (amy2 and amy3) are functionally constrained or that they are undergoing gene conversion with amy1. in order t ...19957659012
conservation and function of the transcriptional regulatory protein runt.a phylogenetic approach was used to identify conserved regions of the transcriptional regulator runt. alignment of the deduced protein sequences from drosophila melanogaster, drosophila pseudoobscura, and drosophila virilis revealed eight blocks of high sequence homology separated by regions with little or no homology. the largest conserved block contains the runt domain, a dna and protein binding domain conserved in a small family of mammalian transcription factors. the functional properties of ...19957568078
maintenance of pre-mrna secondary structure by epistatic selection.linkage disequilibrium between polymorphisms in a natural population may result from various evolutionary forces, including random genetic drift due to sampling of gametes during reproduction, restricted migration between subpopulations in a subdivided population, or epistatic selection. in this report, we present evidence that the majority of significant linkage disequilibria observed in introns of the alcohol dehydrogenase locus (adh) of drosophila pseudoobscura are due to epistatic selection ...19957568070
the history of a genetic system.although the chromosomal polymorphism for inversions in drosophila pseudoobscura is one of the best studied systems in population genetics, the identity of the ancestral gene arrangement has remained unresolved for more than 50 years. there are more than 40 gene arrangements, and 4 of them (standard, hypothetical, santa cruz, and tree line) have been considered as candidates for the ancestral type. we propose a framework of competing hypotheses to distinguish among the alternatives. two conclusi ...19947518922
competition between mitochondrial haplotypes in distinct nuclear genetic environments: drosophila pseudoobscura vs. d. persimilis.a test for coadaptation of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes was performed using the sibling species, drosophila pseudoobscura and d. persimilis. two lines of flies with "disrupted" cytonuclear genotypes were constructed by repeated backcrossing of males from one species to females carrying mitochondrial dna (mtdna) from the other species. each "disrupted" strain was competed in population cages with the original stock of each species from which the recurrent males were obtained during the backc ...19957498735
interchromosomal exchange of genetic information between gene arrangements on the third chromosome of drosophila pseudoobscura.during the last 60 years, the inversion polymorphism on the third chromosome of drosophila pseudoobscura has become a case study of the evolution of linked blocks of genes, isolated from each other by the suppression of recombination in heterozygotes for different inversions. due to its location within inverted regions in most gene arrangements, the amylase (amy) gene region can be used to elucidate the molecular pattern of evolution in these inversions. we studied this region in the tree line p ...19957476140
photobehavioral differentiation in natural populations of drosophila: changes of photoresponse over time in drosophila pseudoobscura and drosophila persimilis.the photobehavior of a sympatric assemblage of drosophila pseudoobscura and d. persimilis from california was examined over a 13-month period. during that time, certain aspects of the behavior remained constant (e.g., the mean resting photoresponse), while other aspects changed (e.g., the level of genotypic variation of the resting photoresponse of d. persimilis). the data support the contention of rockwell et al. [rockwell, r. f., cooke, f., and harmsen, r. (1975). behav. genet. 5:189-202] that ...19807469972
apparent absence of a separate beta-oscillator in phasing the circadian rhythm of eclosion in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19807458798
gene flow and the geographical distribution of a molecular polymorphism in drosophila pseudoobscura.this paper discusses the relation between the geographical distribution of an enzyme polymorphism and population structure in drosophila pseudoobscura. california populations of this species living in very different montane and lowland habitats separated by several kilometers are similar to each other in the frequency of an esterase allele. previous estimates suggest that gene flow is too limited to account for this homogeneity of genetic structure, so that it must reflect some balancing force o ...19817338302
components of maze running in drosophila pseudoobscura dn drosophila persimilis. 19817325947
a critical examination of the dual system theory in ostrinia nubilalis.beck's dual system theory (dst) is examined theoretically and experimentally by investigating the oviposition rhythm of ostrinia nubilalis and its entrainment by light cycles. several well-known circadian phenomena are not accounted for by the dst. 1) it does not generate transient cycles when light pulses fall during the advance portion of the circadian cycle. this is also reflected in dst-predicted phase-response curves (prc's) for both drosophila pseudoobscura and o. nubilalis. steady-state p ...19817304776
density- and frequency-dependent selection at the mdh-2 locus in drosophila pseudoobscura.we have studied differences in the number of drosophila pseudoobscura produced in a culture when the flies differ with respect to two alleles (f and s) at the mdh-2 locus, which codes for a malate dehydrogenase enzyme. the studies were done at low and at high density in two- and three-genotype combinations (s/s, f/f and s/f), with one-genotype cultures as controls.--density affects the fitness of the mdh-2 genotypes. different genotypes are differently affected, and the genotype of the competito ...20177297852
activity variants of acid phosphatase-3 among chromosome 3 inversions of drosophila pseudoobscura.allozymes of the ap-3 locus in drosophila pseudoobscura show very strong associations with chromosome 3 inversions. the 0.98 electrophoretic allele is associated with the tl, sc, ch and pp gene arrangements, while the 1.00 electrophoretic allele is characteristic of the ar and st gene arrangements. variation in relative 0.98 and 1.00 ap-3 allozyme activities of chromosome 3 isogenic strains was examined on acrylamide gels in f1 heterozygotes obtained by crossing these strains individually to a r ...19807262544
clan lethals and inter-year allelism in death valley drosophila pseudoobscura.a chromosome 2 lethal allelism rate of about 3% found in the 1974 population of d. pseudoobscura in death valley, california. this rate was significantly higher than allelism rates in other southern california populations. the death valley population was sampled again in 1975 and 1977, with allelism rates of 1% and 0.5%, respectively. in 1974, several lethals were in high frequencies (about 1%), a pattern that reappeared in 1975 and 1977. however, none of the lethals in high frequency one year w ...19807203006
genic variation in abundant soluble proteins of drosophila melanogaster and drosophila pseudoobscura.genic variation was surveyed for 20 proteins of drosophila melanogaster and 18 proteins of d. pseudoobscura. analysis was by extraction and one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions, followed by staining with coomassie brilliant blue to detect soluble proteins present in relatively large amounts ("abundant soluble proteins"). d. melanogaster was polymorphic for 65% of its protein loci and an individual was heterozygous for 10% of its loci. the respective f ...19827173605
an experimental study of neutrality at the malic dehydrogenase and esterase-5 loci in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19827085337
variation in biochemical properties of allozymes of xanthine dehydrogenase in drosophila pseudoobscura.twenty-six d. pseudoobscura strains isogenic for xanthine dehydrogenase alleles from mesa verde, colorado, were tested for differences in the biochemical properties of different allelic forms of xanthine dehydrogenase. no significant differences in binding affinity (km) or substrate specificity of the enzyme were found. significant variation among strains, in activity (vmax) and among electromorphs, as well as among strains, in thermolability was found. for the few strains tested, the activity a ...19806943118
composite stepwise mutation model under the neutral mutation hypothesis.as an extension of the conventional ("ohta-kimura") stepwise mutation model, a new model is proposed. in this model, it is assumed that each charge state ("electromorph") is represented by k alleles and that a mutation changes an allele either by one step in the charge space or to one of the other members of the identical electromorph. it is shown that the net genetic variability within a population is similar to that predicted by the infinite-allele model ("kimura-crow" model) rather than to th ...19806928979
tissue localization of esterase-5 in drosophila pseudoobscura.disc gel electrophoresis of dissected adults of drosophila pseudoobscura showed that most of the esterase-5 activity was in the head (36%) and thorax (51%), with little activity in the abdomen (13%). no activity was found in digestive tissues, reproductive tissues, or nervous tissues. most of the est-5 activity (61%) was found to be associated with hemolymph. however, the eyes contained 39% of the total est-5 activity. these results were supported by spectrophotometric assays of esterase activit ...19836870773
origin of x/o progeny from crosses of sex-ratio trait males of drosophila pseudoobscura.males of drosophila pseudoobscura carrying the sex-ratio chromosome (sr) were studied to determine the cause of x/o male progeny that they produce. it was found that among 3671 x/o progeny virtually all resulted from nullo-x sperm. the experiment also revealed a dramatic clustering of the frequency of x/o progeny among sr/y males. this is interpreted to indicate that premeiotic events in the male germ line are the cause of nullo-x sperm.20036863891
studies on the pathogenicity of spiroplasmas for drosophila pseudoobscura.representatives of several currently available spiroplasma serovars were used in feeding and injection experiments involving drosophila pseudoobscura adult flies in order to evaluate the host-range of the spiroplasmas and to determine their pathogenicity for flies. many of the isolates injected into flies either do not survive or grow poorly, and have no negative effects on longevity or fecundity. two spiroplasma strains, honey-bee (serovar i-2) and cornstunt (serovar i-3), can grow to high titr ...19846712059
selection for light preference during ovipositing in drosophila pseudoobscura.selection was carried out on a population of drosophila pseudoobscura to obtain lines preferring high-light intensity or low-light intensity during oviposition. this species is generally characterized as preferring low-light intensities. it was possible to select for increased preference for high-light intensity, but not for low-light intensity during oviposition. however, additive genetic variability exists in preferences for both high- and low-light intensities. the original population was pro ...19836652564
mitochondrial gene flow.to account for the transmission of mitochondrial dna between conspecific species drosophila pseudoobscura and d. persimilis in sympatry reported by j.r. powell [powell, j.r. (1983) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 80, 492-495], a simple model of gene flow and selection in infinite populations is analyzed. the model assumes two alleles at each of two loci, one of which is coded by an autosome and the other by mitochondrial dna. viability selection is presumed to be underdominant--i.e., heterozygous inf ...19846584909
a note on barometric pressure and behavior in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19846487232
the isolation of biological rhythm mutations on the autosomes of drosophila melanogaster.a selection for autosomal circadian rhythm variants in drosophila melanogaster resulted in the isolation of 3 new mutants, all of which display an abnormal synchronization of daily rhythms to entraining environmental cycles. in populations of phase-angle-2 (psi-2) and phase-angle-3 (psi-3) mutants, daily peaks of adult emergence are hours earlier than normal when the strains are entrained to cycles of either light and dark or high and low temperature. like an early-emerging strain previously iso ...19836443122
chromatin structure and transcriptional activity of an x-linked heat shock gene in drosophila pseudoobscura.nuclease digestion of isolated nuclei was used to test whether differential chromatin structure exists for a dosage-compensated heat shock gene in drosophila pseudoobscura. no differences were observed in nuclease sensitivity at this locus in males and females, either under heat shock or non-heat shock conditions, using micrococcal nuclease or dnase i. although the higher level of nuclease sensitivity characterized by the induced state was removed when nuclei were prepared in high salt (0.45 m s ...19836315715
interspecific cytoplasmic gene flow in the absence of nuclear gene flow: evidence from drosophila.mtdna polymorphism has been studied by restriction endonuclease site variation in drosophila pseudoobscura and its sibling species d. persimilis. eight enzymes have been used to study 54 isofemale strains from areas where the two species are sympatric and d. pseudoobscura is allopatric. where sympatric, 75-80% of the strains have mitochondrial genomes found in both species. where allopatric, d. pseudoobscura has diverged to the point where none of the strains have mtdna in common with d. persimi ...19836300849
population genetics of drosophila amylase. iv. selection in laboratory populations maintained on different carbohydrates.two polymorphic systems impinging on alpha-amylase in drosophila pseudoobscura have been studied in laboratory populations maintained on medium in which the only carbohydrate source was starch (the substrate of amylase) and replicas maintained on medium in which the only carbohydrate source was maltose (the product of amylase). the two polymorphic systems were alleles at the structural gene (amy) coding for the enzyme (allozymes) and variation in the tissue-specific expression along the adult mi ...19836189764
distinctions among allelic variants associated with chromosome 3 inversions in drosophila pseudoobscura and drosophila persimilis.efforts were made to discriminate new genetic variants among electrophoretic alleles that are associated with chromosome 3 inversions of drosophila pseudoobscura and d. persimilis. apparent genetic similarities for electrophoretic alleles between these two species and among the common inversions they carry were reexamined by altering gel concentration and buffer ph. at the amylase locus, the 1.09 electrophoretic allele could be further separated into two allelic classes that differentiated the w ...19806167488
variation in activities of amylase allozymes associated with chromosome inversions in drosophila pseudoobscura, d. persimilis and d. miranda.different electrophoretic alleles of amylase show associations with particular chromosome 3 inversions in d. pseudoobscura and d. persimilis. relative adult amylase activities were compared in 37, 37 and 10 strains of d. pseudoobscura, d. persimilis and d. miranda, respectively. strains carrying the same electrophoretic allele were compared by crossing these lines individually to a reference strain carrying a different electrophoretic mobility allele. this procedure allows comparisons among spec ...19806159250
dosage compensation of x-linked heat-shock puffs in drosophila pseudoobscura.four major puffs are inducible by heat shock in the larval salivary gland chromosomes of d. pseudoobscura. two of these puffs are present at 23 and 39-40 on the right arm of the x chromosome and two are present at 53 and 58 on chromosome 2. by means of in situ hybridization, residual homologies were demonstrated between the puffs at 23 in d. pseudoobscura and at 63 c in d. melanogaster, and between the two chromosome 2 puffs of d. pseudoobscura and 87a and 87c of d. melanogaster. rna synthesis w ...19806155244
genetic loads affecting longevity in natural populations of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19676057227
gene arrangements in the third chromosome of drosophila pseudoobscura. ii. all possible configurations. 20036055325
genetic loads affecting fecundity in natural populations of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19676040492
an experiment on migration and simultaneous selection for several traits in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19676036950
variability within and between strains for mating behavior parameters in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19676032107
a new gene arrangement in the third chromosome of drosophila pseudoobscura. 20036031680
gene arrangements in the third chromosome of drosophila pseudoobscura. i. configurations with tester chromosomes. 20035971037
purification of esterase-5 from drosophila pseudoobscura. 19665969303
comparison of selection responses on body weight under divergent larval density conditions in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19665968645
a molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. ii. amount of variation and degree of heterozygosity in natural populations of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19665968643
a molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. i. the number of alleles at different loci in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19665968642
genetics of natural populations. xxxvii. the coadapted system of chromosomal variants in a population of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19665929240
equilibria for inversions induced by x-rays in isogenic strains of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19665929239
the mutational load in two natural populations of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19665913286
genetics of natural populations. xxxvi. epistatic interactions of the components of the genetic load in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19655863911
genetic differentiation within laboratory populations of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19645849558
on the absence of circadian rhythmicity in drosophila pseudoobscura pupae. 19695798455
action spectra for phase shifts of a circadian rhythm in drosophila.action spectra were determined for lightinduced phase shifts of the circadian rhythm of adult emergence in drosophila pseudoobscura. the action spectra for advance and delay phase shifts are similar; the most effective wavelengths are in the blue region, with a sharp cutoff above 500 nanometers. this similarity suggests that the same photoreceptive pigment mediates both advance and delay phase shifts.19695762935
further evidence for coadaptation in crosses between geographic populations of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19685713603
the genetics of drosophila mating behaviour. i. organization of mating speed in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19685709775
courtship and mating time in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19685709773
genetics of natural populations. xl. heterotic and deleterious effects of recessive lethals in populations of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19685705830
parental age effects in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19685697303
genetics of natural populations. xxxix. a test of the possible influence of two insecticides on the chromosomal polymorphism in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19685668291
selection for and against gregariousness in the choice of oviposition sites by drosophila pseudoobscura. 19685664388
temperature compensation of the circadian oscillation in drosophila pseudoobscura and its entrainment by temperature cycles. 19685655535
frequency dependence of mating success in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19685647626
selection for higher fitness in populations of drosophila pseudoobscura.four laboratory populations, each consisting of flies homozygous for a wild second chromosome, were maintained in population cages. three of them were initially characterized by low fecundity of the females; the fourth was a control. after 15 months, in all three populations with low fecundity this character was much improved; two of them, have reached the control level. the changes observed were presumably due to mutation and selection under highly competitive conditions.19685642574
genetic divergence in m. vetukhiv's experimental populations of drosophila pseudoobscura. iv. relative viability. 19675587945
genetic loads affecting fertility in natural populations of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19675586879
association of karyotype with body weight and resistance to desiccation in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19715563332
a population cage test for heterosis in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19705512472
concurrent inbreeding and selection in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19705479389
"sex ratio" in drosophila pseudoobscura: spermiogenic failure.contrary to earlier reports, testes of "sex ratio" drosophila pseudoobscura males have only half as many sperm per bundle as testes of normal males do. this fact, determined from electron micrographs, indicates that the functional pole hypothesis is not applicable to the action of "sex ratio."19705432586
selection in experimental populations of drosophila pseudoobscura with different initial frequencies of chromosomal variants. 19705415223
adaptation by natural selection in populations of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19705413803
the relationship between the intensity of light phases and the extent of phase shifts of the circadian rhythm in the eclosion rate of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19695372004
the genetics of drosophila mating behavior. ii. the genetic architecture of mating speed in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19695371028
the genetic basis of sound production in drosophila pseudoobscura and d. persimilis. 19695370966
chromosomal polymorphism and genetic load in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19695364967
a molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. iv. patterns of genic variation in central, marginal and isolated populations of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19695364966
artificial and natural selection for two behavioral traits in drosophila pseudoobscura.in an attempt to elucidate the genetic architecture of two behavioral traits, populations of drosophila pseudoobscura were selected for positive and for negative phototaxis and geotaxis. the selected populations diverged rapidly in their behavior (figs. 1 and 2). the selection was relaxed after 20 generations in the phototactic, and after 30 generations in the geotactic populations. the relaxation resulted in convergence almost as rapid as was the divergence under selection. the average phototac ...19695253666
circadian systems. i. the driving oscillation and its assay in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19675237901
sexual isolation caused by selection for positive and negative phototaxis and geotaxis in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19665229969
stability of chromosomal polymorphism in populations of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19665226966
mating speed and duration of copulation in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19665226959
the genotypic control of mating speed and duration of copulation in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19655218343
measurement of fitness at the esterase-5 locus in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19715097534
crystalline inclusions in the salivary gland cells of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19715092852
direct evidence of genic differentiation between sex ratio and standard gene arrangements of x chromosome in drosophila pseudoobscura.evidence of strong association of alleles at the esterase-5 and adult acid phosphatase-6 loci with the sex ratio and the standard x chromosome arrangements in d. pseudoobscura is presented. there is no differentiation at these two loci, either in the sex ratio or the standard arrangement from two widely separated geographic populations. at the esterase-5 locus, alleles characteristic of one arrangement are found in low frequencies in the other arrangement. it is concluded, from these and other o ...19725073855
origin of reproductive isolation in the absence of apparent genic differentiation in a geographic isolate of drosophila pseudoobscura.f(1) males obtained from the cross of d. pseudoobscura females from bogotá (colombia) x males of this species from mainland, i.e. populations from various locations in the united states and from guatemala, are sterile. this sterility is due to genes located on the x chromosome and the autosomes; the y chromosome is not involved. the percentage of sterile males in backcrosses can be explained by assuming an interaction between two loci on the bogotá x chromosome and probably two loci, one each on ...19725073854
age, experience, and rare-male mating advantages in drosophila pseudoobscura. 19744842092
cold temperature resistance, chromosomal polymorphism and interpopulation heterosis in drosophila pseudoobscura.descendants of two colorado, u.s.a., populations of d. pseudoobscura, boulder and la foret, were exposed to +2 degrees and -2 degrees . in third instar larvae from boulder ar and pp third chromosome gene arrangements survived better than tl and others, while the reverse situation occurred for la foret. deleterious dominant effects were observed for ar from la foret. in adults from boulder there was a trend towards greater survival for ar and pp than for other gene arrangements, while ar from la ...19744838761
studies on the sal locus in drosophila pseudoobscura. 3. the molecular pattern of dna in active and inactive chromosome regions. 19734762789
genetic analysis of geotactic and phototactic behavior in selected strains of drosophila pseudoobscura. 19724664205
viabilities of third chromosomes of drosophila pseudoobscura differing in relative competitive fitness.arrowhead (ar) third chromosome arrangements of drosophila pseudoobscura, whose competitive fitnesses had been determined in population cages, were tested for their genetic loads in homozygous, heterozygous (homokaryotypic), and heterokaryotypic (ar/ch) combinations. the results showed that their competitive population cage performances were correlated to their viabilities as homozygotes but were not correlated to their viabilities as heterozygotes or as heterokaryotypes. however, the results do ...19724652876
studies on the sal locus in drosophila pseudoobscura. i. the banding pattern of the tip of salivary chromosome 3 in larvae homozygous and heterozygous for sal.in the mutant sal the banding pattern at the tip of chromosome 3 is changed. certain bands are compacted instead of being partially puffed. in sal(+)/sal heterozygotes, when the chromosome tips are paired they both show the sal(+) pattern or are intermediate; but when unpaired, each shows the pattern characteristic of its own genotype.19724647718
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