Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| agent-based modeling of malaria vectors: the importance of spatial simulation. | the modeling of malaria vector mosquito populations yields great insight into drivers of malaria transmission at the village scale. simulation of individual mosquitoes as "agents" in a distributed, dynamic model domain may be greatly beneficial for simulation of spatial relationships of vectors and hosts. | 2014 | 24992942 |
| the efficacy of vectron 20 wp, etofenprox, for indoor residual spraying in areas of high vector resistance to pyrethroids and organochlorines in zambia. | the selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors has the potential to compromise any insecticide-based vector control programme. to ensure that the insecticides used for indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets in zambia remain effective and their choice is evidence based, insecticide resistance surveillance and monitoring are essential. this study assessed and compared the residual efficacy of etofenprox (vectron 20 wp), an ether pyrethroid, at 0.1 g/m(2) with pyrethroids ... | 2012 | 24967135 |
| pirna pathway gene expression in the malaria vector mosquito anopheles stephensi. | the ability of transposons to mobilize to new places in a genome enables them to introgress rapidly into populations. the pirna pathway has been characterized recently in the germ line of the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster, and is responsible for downregulating transposon mobility. transposons have been used as tools in mosquitoes to genetically transform a number of species including anopheles stephensi, a vector of human malaria. these mobile genetic elements also have been proposed as too ... | 2014 | 24947897 |
| genetic basis of pyrethroid resistance in a population of anopheles arabiensis, the primary malaria vector in lower moshi, north-eastern tanzania. | pyrethroid resistance has been slower to emerge in anopheles arabiensis than in an. gambiae s.s and an. funestus and, consequently, studies are only just beginning to unravel the genes involved. permethrin resistance in an. arabiensis in lower moshi, tanzania has been linked to elevated levels of both p450 monooxygenases and β-esterases. we have conducted a gene expression study to identify specific genes linked with metabolic resistance in the lower moshi an. arabiensis population. | 2014 | 24946780 |
| ecophysiology of anopheles gambiae s.l.: persistence in the sahel. | the dry-season biology of malaria vectors is poorly understood, especially in arid environments when no surface waters are available for several months, such as during the dry season in the sahel. here we reappraise results on the dry-season physiology of members of the anopheles gambiae s.l. complex in the broad context of dormancy in insects and especially in mosquitoes. we examine evidence on seasonal changes in reproduction, metabolism, stress tolerance, nutrition, molecular regulation, and ... | 2014 | 24933461 |
| remotely-sensed, nocturnal, dew point correlates with malaria transmission in southern province, zambia: a time-series study. | plasmodium falciparum transmission has decreased significantly in zambia in the last decade. the malaria transmission is influenced by environmental variables. incorporation of environmental variables in models of malaria transmission likely improves model fit and predicts probable trends in malaria disease. this work is based on the hypothesis that remotely-sensed environmental factors, including nocturnal dew point, are associated with malaria transmission and sustain foci of transmission duri ... | 2014 | 24927747 |
| explaining the host-finding behavior of blood-sucking insects: computerized simulation of the effects of habitat geometry on tsetse fly movement. | male and female tsetse flies feed exclusively on vertebrate blood. while doing so they can transmit the diseases of sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in domestic stock. knowledge of the host-orientated behavior of tsetse is important in designing bait methods of sampling and controlling the flies, and in understanding the epidemiology of the diseases. for this we must explain several puzzling distinctions in the behavior of the different sexes and species of tsetse. for example, why is it t ... | 2014 | 24921243 |
| modeling larval malaria vector habitat locations using landscape features and cumulative precipitation measures. | predictive models of malaria vector larval habitat locations may provide a basis for understanding the spatial determinants of malaria transmission. | 2014 | 24903736 |
| anopheles ziemanni a locally important malaria vector in ndop health district, north west region of cameroon. | malaria transmission in cameroon is mediated by a plethora of vectors that are heterogeneously distributed across the country depending on the biotope. to effectively guide malaria control operations, regular update on the role of local anopheles species is essential. therefore, an entomological survey was conducted between august 2010 and may 2011 to evaluate the role of the local anopheline population in malaria transmission in three villages of the ndop health district in the northwest region ... | 2014 | 24903710 |
| delayed egg hatching of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) pending water agitation. | mosquito eggs laid on water surfaces typically hatch spontaneously soon after the embryos within them become fully formed first-instar larvae. however, we have found that anopheles gambiae giles, an important vector of malaria in africa, exhibits delayed hatching until the water surface is agitated, a feature overlooked in most laboratory colonies. agitation within 24 h postoviposition, before embryonation was complete, failed to stimulate delayed postembryonic hatching of isolated eggs on the f ... | 0 | 24897850 |
| ecological niche and potential distribution of anopheles arabiensis in africa in 2050. | the future distribution of malaria in africa is likely to be much more dependent on environmental conditions than the current distribution due to the effectiveness of indoor and therapeutic anti-malarial interventions, such as insecticide-treated nets (itns), indoor residual spraying for mosquitoes (irs), artemisinin-combination therapy (act), and intermittent presumptive treatment (ipt). future malaria epidemiology is therefore expected to be increasingly dominated by anopheles arabiensis, whic ... | 2014 | 24888886 |
| impact of permanet 3.0 on entomological indices in an area of pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae in south-western nigeria. | permanet® 3.0 is an insecticide synergist-combination long-lasting insecticidal net designed to have increased efficacy against malaria vectors with metabolic resistance, even when combined with kdr. the current study reports on the impact of this improved tool on entomological indices in an area with pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in nigeria. | 2014 | 24886399 |
| insecticide resistance in anopheles arabiensis in sudan: temporal trends and underlying mechanisms. | malaria vector control in sudan relies mainly on indoor residual spraying (irs) and the use of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets (llins). monitoring insecticide resistance in the main sudanese malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis, is essential for planning and implementing an effective vector control program in this country. | 2014 | 24886129 |
| ex vivo anti-malarial drugs sensitivity profile of plasmodium falciparum field isolates from burkina faso five years after the national policy change. | the recent reports on the decreasing susceptibility of plasmodium falciparum to artemisinin derivatives along the thailand and myanmar border are worrying. indeed it may spread to india and then africa, repeating the same pattern observed for chloroquine resistance. therefore, it is essential to start monitoring p. falciparum sensitivity to artemisinin derivatives and its partner drugs in africa. efficacy of al and asaq were tested by carrying out an in vivo drug efficacy test, with an ex vivo s ... | 2014 | 24885950 |
| alterations in mosquito behaviour by malaria parasites: potential impact on force of infection. | a variety of studies have reported that malaria parasites alter the behaviour of mosquitoes. these behavioural alterations likely increase transmission because they reduce the risk of vector death during parasite development and increase biting after parasites become infectious. | 2014 | 24885783 |
| acceptance of illness and satisfaction with life among malaria patients in rivers state, nigeria. | health condition is one of the basic factors affecting satisfaction with life, and the level of illness acceptance. the purpose of the study was to analyse the level of illness acceptance, the level of satisfaction with life among malaria patients, and the level of trust placed in the physician and the nurse. | 2014 | 24885562 |
| insecticidal and repellent activities of pyrethroids to the three major pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in western kenya. | the dramatic success of insecticide treated nets (itns) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) in african countries has been countered by the rapid development of pyrethroid resistance in vector mosquitoes over the past decade. one advantage of the use of pyrethroids in itns is their excito-repellency. use of the excito-repellency of pyrethroids might be biorational, since such repellency will not induce or delay the development of any physiological resistance. however, little is known about ... | 2014 | 24885499 |
| zoom in at african country level: potential climate induced changes in areas of suitability for survival of malaria vectors. | predicting anopheles vectors' population densities and boundary shifts is crucial in preparing for malaria risks and unanticipated outbreaks. although shifts in the distribution and boundaries of the major malaria vectors (anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis) across africa have been predicted, quantified areas of absolute change in zone of suitability for their survival have not been defined. in this study, we have quantified areas of absolute change conducive for the establishment and sur ... | 2014 | 24885061 |
| screening for adulticidal activity against anopheles arabiensis in ten plants used as mosquito repellent in south africa. | due to the development of resistance to synthetic insecticides, adverse effects to human health, non-target organisms and the environment, there is an urgent need to develop new insecticides, which are effective, safe, biodegrable and target-specific. this study was undertaken to evaluate the adulticidal activity of 10 plants used traditionally as mosquito repellents in south africa. | 2014 | 24884500 |
| domestic animal hosts strongly influence human-feeding rates of the chagas disease vector triatoma infestans in argentina. | the host species composition in a household and their relative availability affect the host-feeding choices of blood-sucking insects and parasite transmission risks. we investigated four hypotheses regarding factors that affect blood-feeding rates, proportion of human-fed bugs (human blood index), and daily human-feeding rates of triatoma infestans, the main vector of chagas disease. | 2014 | 24852606 |
| effective autodissemination of pyriproxyfen to breeding sites by the exophilic malaria vector anopheles arabiensis in semi-field settings in tanzania. | malaria vector control strategies that target adult female mosquitoes are challenged by the emergence of insecticide resistance and behavioural resilience. conventional larviciding is restricted by high operational costs and inadequate knowledge of mosquito-breeding habitats in rural settings that might be overcome by the juvenile hormone analogue, pyriproxyfen (ppf). this study assessed the potential for anopheles arabiensis to pick up and transfer lethal doses of ppf from contamination sites t ... | 2014 | 24779515 |
| metabolomic and ecdysteroid variations in anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes exposed to the stressful conditions of the dry season in burkina faso, west africa. | this study explored the metabolic adjustments prompted by a switch between the rainy and dry season conditions in the african malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae (m and s molecular forms) and anopheles arabiensis. mosquitoes were reared in contrasted experimental conditions reflecting environmental variation in burkina faso. thirty-five metabolites (including sugars, polyols, and amino acids) were monitored in newly emerged males and females, and their ecdysteroid titers were determined. metabo ... | 2014 | 24769712 |
| molasses as a source of carbon dioxide for attracting the malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus. | most odour baits for haematophagous arthropods contain carbon dioxide (co2). the co2 is sourced artificially from the fermentation of refined sugar (sucrose), dry ice, pressurized gas cylinders or propane. these sources of co2 are neither cost-effective nor sustainable for use in remote areas of sub-saharan africa. in this study, molasses was evaluated as a potential substrate for producing co2 used as bait for malaria mosquitoes. | 2014 | 24767543 |
| use of a semi-field system to evaluate the efficacy of topical repellents under user conditions provides a disease exposure free technique comparable with field data. | before topical repellents can be employed as interventions against arthropod bites, their efficacy must be established. currently, laboratory or field tests, using human volunteers, are the main methods used for assessing the efficacy of topical repellents. however, laboratory tests are not representative of real life conditions under which repellents are used and field-testing potentially exposes human volunteers to disease. there is, therefore, a need to develop methods to test efficacy of rep ... | 2014 | 24767458 |
| monitoring persistence of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae under simulated field conditions with the aim of controlling adult aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | entomopathogenic fungi are potential candidates for use in integrated vector management, with recent emphasis aimed at developing adult mosquito control methods. here we investigated the persistence of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae when tested against female a. aegypti under field conditions. | 2014 | 24766705 |
| igg1 and igg4 antibody responses to the anopheles gambiae salivary protein gsg6 in the sympatric ethnic groups mossi and fulani in a malaria hyperhendemic area of burkina faso. | human antibody response to the anopheles gambiae salivary protein gsg6 has recently emerged as a potentially useful tool for malaria epidemiological studies and for the evaluation of vector control interventions. however, the current understanding of the host immune response to mosquito salivary proteins and of the possible crosstalk with early response to plasmodium parasites is still very limited. we report here the analysis of igg1 and igg4 subclasses among anti-gsg6 igg responders belonging ... | 2014 | 24760038 |
| perceptions and recommendations by scientists for a potential release of genetically modified mosquitoes in nigeria. | the use of genetically modified mosquitoes (gmms) for the control of malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases has been proposed in malaria-endemic countries, such as nigeria, which has the largest burden in africa. scientists are major stakeholders whose opinions and perceptions can adversely affect the success of the trials of gmms if they are not involved early. unfortunately, information on the awareness of nigerians scientists and their overall perception of the gmms is practically non-exis ... | 2014 | 24758165 |
| assessment of risk factors associated with malaria transmission in tubu village, northern botswana. | this study investigated potential risk factors associated with malaria transmission in tubu village, okavango subdistrict, a malaria endemic area in northern botswana. data was derived from a census questionnaire survey, participatory rural appraisal workshop, field observations, and mosquito surveys. history of malaria episodes was associated with several factors: household income (p < 0.05), late outdoor activities (or = 7.016; ci = 1.786-27.559), time spent outdoors (p = 0.051), travel outsid ... | 2014 | 24757573 |
| high burden of malaria following scale-up of control interventions in nchelenge district, luapula province, zambia. | malaria control interventions have been scaled-up in zambia in conjunction with a malaria surveillance system. although substantial progress has been achieved in reducing morbidity and mortality, national and local information demonstrated marked heterogeneity in the impact of malaria control across the country. this study reports the high burden of malaria in nchelenge district, luapula province, zambia from 2006 to 2012 after seven years of control measures. | 2014 | 24755108 |
| evaluation of the mosquitocidal effect of birbira (mellitia ferruginea) seed extract against anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) from ethiopia. | mosquito control using insecticides has been the most successful intervention known to reduce malaria prevalence and/or incidence. however, over time success has been hampered due to the development of resistance by mosquitoes against chemical insecticides recommended for public health use. development of effective botanical mosquitocidal compounds however can be potential alternatives tool in malaria vector control. thus, the present study aimed at investigating the mosquitocidal effect of "bir ... | 2014 | 24751416 |
| made-to-measure malaria vector control strategies: rational design based on insecticide properties and coverage of blood resources for mosquitoes. | eliminating malaria from highly endemic settings will require unprecedented levels of vector control. to suppress mosquito populations, vector control products targeting their blood hosts must attain high biological coverage of all available sources, rather than merely high demographic coverage of a targeted resource subset, such as humans while asleep indoors. beyond defining biological coverage in a measurable way, the proportion of blood meals obtained from humans and the proportion of bites ... | 2014 | 24739261 |
| the effects of oviposition-site deprivation on longevity and bloodfeeding rate in anopheles gambiae. | the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, needs surface water in order to lay their eggs. in many parts of africa, there are dry periods varying from days to months in length when suitable larval sites are not available and female mosquitoes experience oviposition-site deprivation (osd). previous studies have shown that egg-laying and egg-hatching rates were reduced due to osd. here, we assessed its effect on longevity and bloodfeeding rate of anopheles gambiae. we predicted that osd will ... | 2014 | 24708656 |
| molecular biology of insect sodium channels and pyrethroid resistance. | voltage-gated sodium channels are essential for the initiation and propagation of the action potential in neurons and other excitable cells. because of their critical roles in electrical signaling, sodium channels are targets of a variety of naturally occurring and synthetic neurotoxins, including several classes of insecticides. this review is intended to provide an update on the molecular biology of insect sodium channels and the molecular mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. although mammalian ... | 2014 | 24704279 |
| habitat discrimination by gravid anopheles gambiae sensu lato--a push-pull system. | the non-random distribution of anopheline larvae in natural habitats suggests that gravid females discriminate between habitats of different quality. whilst physical and chemical cues used by culex and aedes vector mosquitoes for selecting an oviposition site have been extensively studied, those for anopheles remain poorly explored. here the habitat selection by anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), the principal african malaria vector, was investigated when presented with a choice of two infusio ... | 2014 | 24693951 |
| an experimental hut study to quantify the effect of ddt and airborne pyrethroids on entomological parameters of malaria transmission. | current malaria vector control programmes rely on insecticides with rapid contact toxicity. however, spatial repellents can also be applied to reduce man-vector contact, which might ultimately impact malaria transmission. the aim of this study was to quantify effects of airborne pyrethroids from coils and ddt used an indoor residual spray (irs) on entomological parameters that influence malaria transmission. | 2014 | 24693934 |
| implications of low-density microfilariae carriers in anopheles transmission areas: molecular forms of anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus populations in perspective. | previous studies have shown a general reduction in annual transmission potential (atp) of anopheles species after mass drug administration (mda) in lymphatic filariasis endemic communities. whereas results obtained from a monitoring programme after three years of mda revealed a decrease in atp of anopheles funestus this was not the same for an. gambiae s.s. in ghana. in this study, the ability of these vectors in transmitting wuchereria bancrofti in nine lymphatic filariasis endemic communities ... | 2014 | 24690378 |
| laboratory and experimental hut evaluation of a long-lasting insecticide treated blanket for protection against mosquitoes. | long-lasting insecticide treated blankets (llibs) may provide additional protection against malaria where use of long lasting insecticidal nets (llin) is low or impractical such as in disaster or emergency situations. | 2014 | 24679345 |
| effect of combining mosquito repellent and insecticide treated net on malaria prevalence in southern ethiopia: a cluster-randomised trial. | a mosquito repellent has the potential to prevent malaria infection, but there has been few studies demonstrating the effectiveness of combining this strategy with the highly effective long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins). this study aimed to determine the effect of combining community-based mosquito repellent with llins in the reduction of malaria. | 2014 | 24678612 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of ddt indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets against insecticide resistant populations of anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae) from ethiopia using experimental huts. | indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) are major malaria vector control tools in ethiopia. however, recent reports from different parts of the country showed that populations of anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector, have developed resistance to most families of insecticides recommended for public health use which may compromise the efficacy of both of these key vector control interventions. thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of ddt irs and ll ... | 2014 | 24678605 |
| biting by anopheles funestus in broad daylight after use of long-lasting insecticidal nets: a new challenge to malaria elimination. | malaria control is mainly based on indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets. the efficacy of these tools depends on the behaviour of mosquitoes, which varies by species. with resistance to insecticides, mosquitoes adapt their behaviour to ensure their survival and reproduction. the aim of this study was to assess the biting behaviour of anopheles funestus after the implementation of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins). | 2014 | 24678587 |
| estimating the annual entomological inoculation rate for plasmodium falciparum transmitted by anopheles gambiae s.l. using three sampling methods in three sites in uganda. | the plasmodium falciparum entomological inoculation rate (pfeir) is a measure of exposure to infectious mosquitoes. it is usually interpreted as the number of p. falciparum infective bites received by an individual during a season or annually (apfeir). in an area of perennial transmission, the accuracy, precision and seasonal distribution (i.e., month by month) of apfeir were investigated. data were drawn from three sites in uganda with differing levels of transmission where falciparum malaria i ... | 2014 | 24656206 |
| comprehensive sterilization of malaria vectors using pyriproxyfen: a step closer to malaria elimination. | one of the main challenges to malaria elimination is the resilience of vectors, such as anopheles arabiensis, that evade lethal exposure to insecticidal control measures or express resistance to their active ingredients. this study investigated a novel technology for population control that sterilizes mosquitoes using pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analogue. females of an. arabiensis were released in a semifield system divided into four equal sections, and each section had a mud hut sheltering ... | 2014 | 24639296 |
| potential causes and consequences of behavioural resilience and resistance in malaria vector populations: a mathematical modelling analysis. | the ability of mosquitoes to evade fatal exposure to insecticidal nets and sprays represents the primary obstacle to eliminating malaria. however, it remains unclear which behaviours are most important for buffering mosquito and parasite populations against vector control. | 2014 | 24629066 |
| a description of malaria sentinel surveillance: a case study in oromia regional state, ethiopia. | in the context of the massive scale up of malaria interventions, there is increasing recognition that the current capacity of routine malaria surveillance conducted in most african countries through integrated health management information systems is inadequate. the timeliness of reporting to higher levels of the health system through health management information systems is often too slow for rapid action on focal infectious diseases such as malaria. the purpose of this paper is to: 1) describe ... | 2014 | 24618105 |
| design and testing of a novel, protective human-baited tent trap for the collection of anthropophilic disease vectors. | currently, there exists a deficit of safe, active trapping methods for the collection of host-seeking anopheles and other disease-causing arthropod vectors. the gold-standard approach for mosquito collection is that of human landing catch (hlc), in which an individual exposes bare skin to possibly infected vectors. here, we present the development of a new method for mosquito collection, the infoscitex tent, which uses modern tent materials coupled with a novel trap design. this provides an effi ... | 0 | 24605476 |
| mass production cage for aedes albopictus (diptera:culicidae). | mass production is an important co mponent of any pest or vector control program that requires the release of large number of insects. as part of efforts to develop an area-wide program involving the sterile insect technique (sit) for the control of mosquitoes, the insect pest control laboratory of the food and agriculture organization-international atomic energy agency (fao-iaea joint division) has developed a mass production cage (aedes mpc) for brood stock colonies in a mass production system ... | 2014 | 24605465 |
| seasonal variation in spatial distributions of anopheles gambiae in a sahelian village: evidence for aestivation. | changes in spatial distribution of mosquitoes over time in a sahelian village were studied to understand the sources of the mosquitoes during the dry season when no larval sites are found. at that time, the sources of anopheles gambiae giles may be local shelters used by aestivating mosquitoes or migrants from distant populations. the mosquito distribution was more aggregated during the dry season, when few houses had densities 7- to 24-fold higher than expected. the high-density houses during t ... | 0 | 24605449 |
| estimation of insecticide persistence, biological activity and mosquito resistance to permanet® 2 long-lasting insecticidal nets over three to 32 months of use in ethiopia. | information is needed on the expected durability of insecticidal nets under operational conditions. the persistence of insecticidal efficacy is important to estimate the median serviceable life of nets under field conditions and to plan for net replacement. | 2014 | 24602340 |
| using a near-infrared spectrometer to estimate the age of anopheles mosquitoes exposed to pyrethroids. | we report on the accuracy of using near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) to predict the age of anopheles mosquitoes reared from wild larvae and a mixed age-wild adult population collected from pit traps after exposure to pyrethroids. the mosquitoes reared from wild larvae were estimated as <7 or ≥7 d old with an overall accuracy of 79%. the age categories of anopheles mosquitoes that were not exposed to the insecticide papers were predicted with 78% accuracy whereas the age categories of resistant, ... | 2014 | 24594705 |
| in vivo antimalarial activity of the crude leaf extract and solvent fractions of croton macrostachyus hocsht. (euphorbiaceae) against plasmodium berghei in mice. | the issue of resistance in malarial infection makes development of novel drugs a necessity. an alternative source for discovering such drugs is natural products. croton macrostachyus h. (euphorbiaceae) is used in ethiopian folklore medicine for the treatment of malaria and found to possess antimalarial activity in vitro. however, no further scientific investigations have been carried out to substantiate the claim. this study therefore aimed at investigating the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of ... | 2014 | 24580778 |
| effect of beauveria bassiana infection on detoxification enzyme transcription in pyrethroid resistant anopheles arabiensis: a preliminary study. | fungal biopesticides are of great interest to vector control scientists as they provide a novel and environmentally friendly alternative to insecticide use. the aim of this study was to determine whether genes associated with pyrethroid resistance in anopheles arabiensis from sudan and south africa are further induced following exposure to the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana (strain gha). | 2014 | 24561325 |
| behavioural divergence of sympatric anopheles funestus populations in burkina faso. | in burkina faso, two chromosomal forms of the malaria vector anopheles funestus, folonzo and kiribina, are distinguished by contrasting frequencies of shared polymorphic chromosomal inversions. sympatric and synchronous populations of folonzo and kiribina mate assortatively, as indicated by a significant deficit of heterokaryotypes, and genetic associations among inversions on independently segregating chromosome arms. the present study aimed to assess, by intensive longitudinal sampling, whethe ... | 2014 | 24559382 |
| interplay of population genetics and dynamics in the genetic control of mosquitoes. | some proposed genetics-based vector control methods aim to suppress or eliminate a mosquito population in a similar manner to the sterile insect technique. one approach under development in anopheles mosquitoes uses homing endonuclease genes (hegs)-selfish genetic elements (inherited at greater than mendelian rate) that can spread rapidly through a population even if they reduce fitness. hegs have potential to drive introduced traits through a population without large-scale sustained releases. t ... | 2014 | 24522781 |
| the antimosquito properties of extracts from flowering plants in south africa. | extracts of selected flowering plants, which are considered eco-friendly, are used for the treatment of numerous ailments and vector control worldwide. this has resulted in approximately 25 per cent of currently used drugs being derived from herbal sources. the aqueous and methanolic extracts of twelve plant species, psidium guajava (pink fruit), psidium guajava (white fruit), psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum, psidium guineense and psidium x durbanensis, achyranthes aspera, alternanthera ses ... | 2013 | 24522123 |
| insect repellent plants traditional usage practices in the ethiopian malaria epidemic-prone setting: an ethnobotanical survey. | the usage of insect repellent plants (irps) is one of the centuries-old practices in africa. in ethiopia, malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, subsequently the majority of people have a tendency to apply various plants as repellents to reduce or interrupt the biting activity of insects. accordingly, this survey was undertaken to document and evaluate knowledge and usage practices of the local inhabitants on irps in the malaria epidemic-prone setting of ethiopia. | 2014 | 24521138 |
| impacts of insecticide treated bed nets on anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in mbita district and suba district, western kenya. | abundance and species composition of sympatric malaria vector species are the important factors governing transmission intensity. a widespread insecticidal bed net coverage may replace endophagic species with exophagic species. however, unique local environments also influence a vector population. this study examined the impacts of insecticidal bed nets on an. gambiae s.l populations in mbita district and suba district. | 2014 | 24517160 |
| antimosquito properties of 2-substituted phenyl/benzylamino-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-3,6-dihydropyrimidin--ium chlorides against anopheles arabiensis. | eight novel dihydropyrimidine analogs named dhpm1-dhpm8 was synthesized in their hydrochloride salt form using one pot synthesis between methyl 2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate and substituted arylamines in isopropanol. the antimosquito effect of the test compounds were assessed against the adult mosquito anopheles arabiensis. for adulticidal properties the test compounds were sprayed onto ceramic tiles and screened using the cone bio-assay method. the lar ... | 2014 | 24506684 |
| re-evaluation of microscopy confirmed plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria by nested pcr detection in southern ethiopia. | with 75% of the ethiopian population at risk of malaria, accurate diagnosis is crucial for malaria treatment in endemic areas where plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax co-exist. the present study evaluated the performance of regular microscopy in accurate identification of plasmodium spp. in febrile patients visiting health facilities in southern ethiopia. | 2014 | 24502664 |
| characterization of anopheline (diptera: culicidae) larval habitats in nouakchott, mauritania. | despite the increasing number of reported autochthonous malaria cases in nouakchott and the identification of anopheles arabiensis as the major malaria vector in this saharan city, anopheline larval habitats have never been identified so far. the objective of this study was to identify and characterize anopheline larval habitats in nouakchott. | 2013 | 24499854 |
| physico-chemical and biological characterization of anopheline mosquito larval habitats (diptera: culicidae): implications for malaria control. | a fundamental understanding of the spatial distribution and ecology of mosquito larvae is essential for effective vector control intervention strategies. in this study, data-driven decision tree models, generalized linear models and ordination analysis were used to identify the most important biotic and abiotic factors that affect the occurrence and abundance of mosquito larvae in southwest ethiopia. | 2013 | 24499518 |
| the influence of physiological status on age prediction of anopheles arabiensis using near infra-red spectroscopy. | determining the age of malaria vectors is essential for evaluating the impact of interventions that reduce the survival of wild mosquito populations and for estimating changes in vectorial capacity. near infra-red spectroscopy (nirs) is a simple and non-destructive method that has been used to determine the age and species of anopheles gambiae s.l. by analyzing differences in absorption spectra. the spectra are affected by biochemical changes that occur during the life of a mosquito and could be ... | 2013 | 24499515 |
| mario coluzzi (1938-2012). | 2014 | 24498979 | |
| ownership and use of long-lasting insecticidal nets for malaria prevention in butajira area, south-central ethiopia: complex samples data analysis. | despite the encroaching of endemic malaria to highland-fringe areas above 2000 meters above sea level in ethiopia, there is limited information on ownership and use of mosquito nets for malaria prevention. thus, this study was designed to assess long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) possession and use for malaria prevention in highland-fringe of south-central ethiopia. | 2014 | 24479770 |
| large fluctuations in the effective population size of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae s.s. during vector control cycle. | on bioko island, equatorial guinea, indoor residual spraying (irs) has been part of the bioko island malaria control project since early 2004. despite success in reducing childhood infections, areas of high transmission remain on the island. we therefore examined fluctuations in the effective population size (n e ) of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae in an area of persistent high transmission over two spray rounds. we analyzed data for 13 microsatellite loci from 791 an. gambiae specimens co ... | 2013 | 24478799 |
| long-lasting control of anopheles arabiensis by a single spray application of micro-encapsulated pirimiphos-methyl (actellic® 300 cs). | pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes are an increasing threat to malaria vector control. the global plan for insecticide resistance management (gpirm) recommends rotation of non-pyrethroid insecticides for indoor residual spraying (irs). the options from other classes are limited. the carbamate bendiocarb and the organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl (p-methyl) emulsifiable concentrate (ec) have a short residual duration of action, resulting in increased costs due to multiple spray cycles, and user fatig ... | 2014 | 24476070 |
| multiple pathways for plasmodium ookinete invasion of the mosquito midgut. | plasmodium ookinete invasion of the mosquito midgut is a crucial step of the parasite life cycle but little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. previously, a phage display peptide library screen identified sm1, a peptide that binds to the mosquito midgut epithelium and inhibits ookinete invasion. sm1 was characterized as a mimotope of an ookinete surface enolase and sm1 presumably competes with enolase, the presumed ligand, for binding to a putative midgut receptor. here we identif ... | 2014 | 24474798 |
| push by a net, pull by a cow: can zooprophylaxis enhance the impact of insecticide treated bed nets on malaria control? | mass insecticide treated bed net (itn) deployment, and its associated coverage of populations at risk, had "pushed" a decline in malaria transmission. however, it is unknown whether malaria control is being enhanced by zooprophylaxis, i.e., mosquitoes diverted to feed on hosts different from humans, a phenomenon that could further reduce malaria entomological transmission risk in areas where livestock herding is common. | 2014 | 24472517 |
| reemergence of anopheles funestus as a vector of plasmodium falciparum in western kenya after long-term implementation of insecticide-treated bed nets. | historically, the malaria vectors in western kenya have been anopheles funestus, anopheles gambiae s.s., and anopheles arabiensis. of these species, an. funestus populations declined the most after the introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) in the 1990s in asembo, and collections of an. funestus in the region remained low until at least 2008. contrary to findings during the early years of itn use in asembo, the majority of the anopheles collected here in 2010 and 2011 were an. funes ... | 2014 | 24470562 |
| insecticide resistance mechanisms associated with different environments in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae: a case study in tanzania. | resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides is a growing concern in africa. since only a few insecticides are used for public health and limited development of new molecules is expected in the next decade, maintaining the efficacy of control programmes mostly relies on resistance management strategies. developing such strategies requires a deep understanding of factors influencing resistance together with characterizing the mechanisms involved. among factors likely to influence insecticide resistan ... | 2014 | 24460952 |
| field study site selection, species abundance and monthly distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in the northern kruger national park, south africa. | knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of a target species is a prerequisite for the successful development of any vector control strategy. before the implementation of any strategy it is essential to have comprehensive information on the bionomics of species in the targeted area. the aims of this study were to conduct regular entomological surveillance and to determine the relative abundance of anopheline species in the northern kruger national park. in addition to this, the impact of weather c ... | 2014 | 24460920 |
| infravec: research capacity for the implementation of genetic control of mosquitoes. | mosquitoes represent a major and global cause of human suffering due to the diseases they transmit. these include parasitic diseases, i.e. malaria and filariasis, and viral infections such as dengue, encephalitis, and yellow fever. the threat of mosquito-borne diseases is not limited to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. trade and climate changes have opened new niches to tropical vectors in temperate areas of the world, thus putting previously unaffected regions at risk of disease t ... | 0 | 24428829 |
| exploring anopheles gut bacteria for plasmodium blocking activity. | malaria parasite transmission requires the successful development of plasmodium gametocytes into flagellated microgametes upon mosquito blood ingestion, and the subsequent fertilization of microgametes and macrogametes for the development of motile zygotes, called ookinetes, which invade and transverse the anopheles vector mosquito midgut at around 18-36 h after blood ingestion. within the mosquito midgut, the malaria parasite has to withstand the mosquito's innate immune response and the detrim ... | 2014 | 24428613 |
| entomological and parasitological impacts of indoor residual spraying with ddt, alphacypermethrin and deltamethrin in the western foothill area of madagascar. | in madagascar, indoor residual spraying (irs) with insecticide was part of the national malaria control programme since the middle of the twentieth century. it was mainly employed in the highlands and the foothill areas, which are prone to malaria epidemics. prior to a policy change foreseeing a shift from ddt to pyrethroids, a study was carried out to assess the entomological and parasitological impacts of irs in areas with ddt or pyrethroids and in areas without irs. | 2014 | 24423246 |
| differential effects of inbreeding and selection on male reproductive phenotype associated with the colonization and laboratory maintenance of anopheles gambiae. | effective mating between laboratory-reared males and wild females is paramount to the success of vector control strategies aiming to decrease disease transmission via the release of sterile or genetically modified male mosquitoes. however mosquito colonization and laboratory maintenance have the potential to negatively affect male genotypic and phenotypic quality through inbreeding and selection, which in turn can decrease male mating competitiveness in the field. to date, very little is known a ... | 2014 | 24418094 |
| genomic analyses of three malaria vectors reveals extensive shared polymorphism but contrasting population histories. | anopheles gambiae s.l. are important malaria vectors, but little is known about their genomic variation in the wild. here, we present inter- and intraspecies analysis of genome-wide radseq data, in three anopheles gambiae s.l. species collected from east africa. the mosquitoes fall into three genotypic clusters representing described species (a. gambiae, a. arabiensis, and a. merus) with no evidence of cryptic breeding units. anopheles merus is the most divergent of the three species, supporting ... | 2014 | 24408911 |
| co-occurrence and distribution of east (l1014s) and west (l1014f) african knock-down resistance in anopheles gambiae sensu lato population of tanzania. | insecticide resistance molecular markers can provide sensitive indicators of resistance development in anopheles vector populations. assaying these makers is of paramount importance in the resistance monitoring programme. we investigated the presence and distribution of knock-down resistance (kdr) mutations in anopheles gambiae s.l. in tanzania. | 2014 | 24386946 |
| do topical repellents divert mosquitoes within a community? health equity implications of topical repellents as a mosquito bite prevention tool. | repellents do not kill mosquitoes--they simply reduce human-vector contact. thus it is possible that individuals who do not use repellents but dwell close to repellent users experience more bites than otherwise. the objective of this study was to measure if diversion occurs from households that use repellents to those that do not use repellents. | 2013 | 24376852 |
| occurrence of natural anopheles arabiensis swarms in an urban area of bobo-dioulasso city, burkina faso, west africa. | the swarming behaviour of natural populations of anopheles arabiensis was investigated by conducting transect surveys on 10 consecutive days, around dusk, from march to april and from september to october 2012 in dioulassoba, a district of bobo-dioulasso city in burkina faso (west africa). swarms were observed outside, around identified larval breeding sites on the banks of the houet river, as well as in the open-air courtyards found at the centre of many homes in the region. swarms were found t ... | 2014 | 24373897 |
| clinical signs and symptoms cannot reliably predict plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in pregnant women living in an area of high seasonal transmission. | malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem in endemic countries. though the signs and symptoms of malaria among pregnant women have been already described, clinical presentation may vary according to intensity of transmission and local perceptions. therefore, determining common signs and symptoms among pregnant women with a malaria infection may be extremely useful to identify those in need of further investigation by rapid diagnostic test or microscopy. | 2013 | 24373481 |
| indoor application of attractive toxic sugar bait (atsb) in combination with mosquito nets for control of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. | attractive toxic sugar bait (atsb) sprayed onto vegetation has been successful in controlling anopheles mosquitoes outdoors. indoor application of atsb has yet to be explored. the purpose of this study was to determine whether atsb stations positioned indoors have the potential to kill host-seeking mosquitoes and constitute a new approach to control of mosquito-borne diseases. | 2013 | 24367638 |
| x-ray sterilization of the an. arabiensis genetic sexing strain 'ano ipcl1' at pupal and adult stages. | with a view to area wide integrated pest management programs with a sterile insect technique (sit) component against the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis, the effects of x-ray exposure of males of the genetic sexing strain (gss) of an. arabiensis, "ano ipcl1" have been tested. the suitability of x-ray was assessed in comparison to gamma-ray for mosquito sterilization in operational settings where the acquisition of gamma ray irradiators may be problematic. pupae and adult males were sterilize ... | 2014 | 24361725 |
| selection for chloroquine-sensitive plasmodium falciparum by wild anopheles arabiensis in southern zambia. | the emergence of parasite drug resistance, especially plasmodium falciparum, persists as a major obstacle for malaria control and elimination. to develop effective public health containment strategies, a clear understanding of factors that govern the emergence and spread of resistant parasites in the field is important. the current study documents selection for chloroquine-sensitive malaria parasites by wild anopheles arabiensis in southern zambia. | 2013 | 24354640 |
| differences in timing of mating swarms in sympatric populations of anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. (formerly an. gambiae m and s molecular forms) in burkina faso, west africa. | the m and s molecular forms of anopheles gambiae s.s. giles appear to have speciated in west africa and the m form is now formally named an. coluzzii coetzee & wilkerson sp.n. and the s form retains the nominotypical name (abbreviated here to an. gambiae). reproductive isolation is thought to be the main barrier to hybridisation; even though both species are found in the same mating swarms, hybrid fertilisations in copulae have not been found in the study area. the aim of the study, therefore, w ... | 2013 | 24330578 |
| status of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in anopheles gambiae sensu lato from the south and north benin, west africa. | with the rapid spread of pyrethroid resistance in the main malaria vectors from benin and the various resistance mechanisms involved (metabolic resistance and knock-down resistance (kdr), it is important to foresee effective resistance management strategies. thus, the knowledge of the insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ace-1r) effects on phenotypes of an. gambiae will help us to strengthen basic and operational research on the development of strategies that will use organophosphates or carbamates ... | 2013 | 24330550 |
| microarray and rnai analysis of p450s in anopheles gambiae male and female steroidogenic tissues: cyp307a1 is required for ecdysteroid synthesis. | in insects, the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) coordinates major developmental transitions. while the first and the final steps of 20e biosynthesis are characterized, the pathway from 7-dehydrocholesterol to 5β-ketodiol, commonly referred as the "black box", remains hypothetical and whether there are still unidentified enzymes is unknown. the black box would include some oxidative steps, which are believed to be mediated by p450 enzymes. to identify new enzyme(s) involved in steroid sy ... | 2013 | 24324583 |
| the dynamics of pyrethroid resistance in anopheles arabiensis from zanzibar and an assessment of the underlying genetic basis. | the emergence of pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis, threatens to undermine the considerable gains made towards eliminating malaria on zanzibar. previously, resistance was restricted to the island of pemba while mosquitoes from unguja, the larger of the two islands of zanzibar, were susceptible. here, we characterised the mechanism(s) responsible for resistance on zanzibar using a combination of gene expression and target-site mutation assays. | 2013 | 24314005 |
| swarming and mating behavior of male anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae) in an area of the sterile insect technique project in dongola, northern sudan. | the problems facing the conventional mosquito control methods including resistance to insecticides have led to the development of alternative methods such as the sterile insect technique (sit) to suppress populations of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis in northern sudan. this method entails the release of large numbers of irradiated males to compete against wild conspecifics for mating with virgin females in the field. the swarming and mating behaviors of this species were conducted at tw ... | 2014 | 24291461 |
| the changing burden of malaria and association with vector control interventions in zambia using district-level surveillance data, 2006-2011. | malaria control was strengthened in zambia over the past decade. the two primary interventions for vector control are indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins). using passive malaria surveillance data collected from 2006 to 2011 through the zambian district health information system, the associations between increased coverage with llins and irs and the burden of malaria in zambia were evaluated. | 2013 | 24289177 |
| diversity, differentiation, and linkage disequilibrium: prospects for association mapping in the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis. | association mapping is a widely applied method for elucidating the genetic basis of phenotypic traits. however, factors such as linkage disequilibrium and levels of genetic diversity influence the power and resolution of this approach. moreover, the presence of population subdivision among samples can result in spurious associations if not accounted for. as such, it is useful to have a detailed understanding of these factors before conducting association mapping experiments. here we conducted wh ... | 2014 | 24281424 |
| needs for monitoring mosquito transmission of malaria in a pre-elimination world. | as global efforts to eliminate malaria intensify, accurate information on vector populations and transmission dynamics is critical for directing control efforts, developing new control tools, and predicting the effects of these interventions under various conditions. currently available sampling tools for mosquito population monitoring suffer from well-recognized limitations. as reported in this workshop summary, a recent gathering of medical entomologists, modelers, and malaria experts reviewed ... | 2013 | 24277786 |
| impacts of agricultural practices on insecticide resistance in the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis in khartoum state, sudan. | agricultural pesticides may play a profound role in selection of resistance in field populations of mosquito vectors. the objective of this study is to investigate possible links between agricultural pesticide use and development of resistance to insecticides by the major malaria vector anopheles arabiensis in northern sudan. | 2013 | 24260414 |
| positive selection drives accelerated evolution of mosquito salivary genes associated with blood-feeding. | the saliva of bloodsucking animals contains dozens to hundreds of proteins that counteract their hosts' haemostasis, inflammation and immunity. it was previously observed that salivary proteins involved in haematophagy are much more divergent in their primary sequence than those of housekeeping function, when comparisons were made between closely related organisms. while this pattern of evolution could result from relaxed selection or drift, it could alternatively be the result of positive selec ... | 2013 | 24237399 |
| low prevalence of the molecular markers of plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine in asymptomatic children in northern benin. | in benin, very few studies have been done on the genetics of plasmodium falciparum and the resistance markers of anti-malarial drugs, while malaria treatment policy changed in 2004. chloroquine (cq) and sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (sp) have been removed and replaced by artemisinin-combination therapy (act). the objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of p. falciparum and the prevalence of p. falciparum molecular markers that are associated with resistance to cq and sp in no ... | 2013 | 24225351 |
| dynamics of malaria transmission and susceptibility to clinical malaria episodes following treatment of plasmodium falciparum asymptomatic carriers: results of a cluster-randomized study of community-wide screening and treatment, and a parallel entomology study. | in malaria-endemic countries, large proportions of individuals infected with plasmodium falciparum are asymptomatic and constitute a reservoir of parasites for infection of newly hatched mosquitoes. | 2013 | 24215306 |
| elevated dry-season malaria prevalence associated with fine-scale spatial patterns of environmental risk: a case-control study of children in rural malawi. | understanding the role of local environmental risk factors for malaria in holo-endemic, poverty-stricken settings will be critical to more effectively implement- interventions aimed at eventual elimination. household-level environmental drivers of malaria risk during the dry season were investigated in rural southern malawi among children < five years old in two neighbouring rural traditional authority (ta) regions dominated by small-scale agriculture. | 2013 | 24206777 |
| exploring the seasonality of reported treated malaria cases in mpumalanga, south africa. | south africa, having met the world health organisation's pre-elimination criteria, has set a goal to achieve malaria elimination by 2018. mpumalanga, one of three provinces where malaria transmission still occurs, has a malaria season subject to unstable transmission that is prone to sporadic outbreaks. as south africa prepares to intensify efforts towards malaria elimination, there is a need to understand patterns in malaria transmission so that efforts may be targeted appropriately. this paper ... | 2013 | 24204650 |
| ecology and behavior of anopheles arabiensis in relation to agricultural practices in central kenya. | ecological changes associated with anthropogenic ecosystem disturbances can influence human risk of exposure to malaria and other vector-borne infectious diseases. this study in mwea, kenya, investigated the pattern of insecticide use in irrigated and nonirrigated agroecosystems and association with the density, survival, and blood-feeding behavior of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis. the parity rates of adult an. arabiensis from randomly selected houses were determined by examining their ... | 2013 | 24199496 |
| evaluation of polyethylene-based long lasting treated bed net netprotect on anopheles mosquitoes, malaria incidence, and net longivity in western kenya. | we studied the effect on malaria incidence, mosquito abundance, net efficacy, net use rate, chemical analysis, and holes of a long lasting insecticide treated bed net (netprotect) in western kenya, 2007-2010. nets were hung in 150 households 6 months before they were hung in a second, 2 km away. indoor resting densities were monitored by pyrethrum spray catch and malaria cases by passive detection using clinical manifestations and rapid diagnostic test. the probability of finding an. arabiensis ... | 2013 | 24194770 |
| impact of housing condition on indoor-biting and indoor-resting anopheles arabiensis density in a highland area, central ethiopia. | exposure of individuals to malaria infection may depend on their housing conditions as houses serve as biting and resting places of vectors. this study describes the association of housing conditions with densities of indoor-biting and indoor-resting anopheles arabiensis in hobe, dirama and wurib villages of a highland area in central ethiopia. | 2013 | 24191901 |
| ecology and habitat characterization of mosquitoes in saudi arabia. | the kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa) contains many of the world's mosquito vectors of parasitic and arboviral diseases. however, few studies addressed their geographic distribution and larval habitat characteristics. we carried out a 14-months mosquito survey in three ksa regions: makkah and al-baha (western) and jezan (south-western). larvae were collected by dipping from various water habitats and adults by cdc light and bg sentinel traps. climatic conditions and physicochemical characteristics o ... | 2013 | 24189671 |