Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| a mechanism for chronic filarial hydrocele with implications for its surgical repair. | chronic hydrocele is the most common manifestation of bancroftian filariasis, an endemic disease in 80 countries. in a prospective study, we evaluated the occurrence of intrascrotal lymphangiectasia, gross appearance/consistency of the testis, and the efficacy of complete excision of hydrocele sac in patients living in a bancroftian filariasis endemic area who underwent hydrocelectomy at the center for teaching, research and tertiary referral for bancroftian filariasis (nepaf). | 2010 | 20532225 |
| molecular-based assay for simultaneous detection of four plasmodium spp. and wuchereria bancrofti infections. | four major malaria-causing plasmodium spp. and lymphatic filariasis-causing wuchereria bancrofti are co-endemic in many tropical and sub-tropical regions. among molecular diagnostic assays, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assays for the simultaneous detection of dnas from these parasite species are currently available only for p. falciparum and w. bancrofti or p. vivax and w. bancrofti. using a post-pcr oligonucleotide ligation detection reaction-fluorescent microsphere assay (ld ... | 2010 | 20519596 |
| retroperitoneal filariasis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration: a case report. | filarial worms lodge anywhere, from body fluids to subcutaneous tissue, as various case reports prove. | 2010 | 20518420 |
| microfilariae in lymph node aspirate associated with metastatic gastric carcinoma: a case report. | microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti inhabit peripheral blood, and nocturnal periodicity is observed in the indian subcontinent. however, microfilariae have been reported in various tissues and organs by needle aspiration cytology in atypical cases. occasionally, they were detected in cases with some diseases including malignancy. | 2010 | 20518418 |
| production and immunological characterization of a recombinant subunit of a loa loa polyprotein antigen. | diagnosis of loiasis and analysis of the specific immune response are limited by a paucity of parasite material. to circumvent this problem, a loa loa antigen has been expressed in a prokaryote vector (ptrchis). immunization of balb/c mice with this soluble recombinant protein produced a strong antibody response, with antibodies recognizing 2 major bands of 38 and 20 kda in a native crude extract of loa loa adult worms and microfilariae on western blots. the target molecule was located mainly in ... | 2010 | 20441677 |
| a multicenter evaluation of a new antibody test kit for lymphatic filariasis employing recombinant brugia malayi antigen bm-14. | antibody tests are useful for mapping the distribution of lymphatic filariasis (lf) in countries and regions and for monitoring progress in elimination programs based on mass drug administration (mda). prior antibody tests have suffered from poor sensitivity and/or specificity or from a lack of standardization. we conducted a multicenter evaluation of a new commercial elisa that detects igg4 antibodies to the recombinant filarial antigen bm14. four laboratories tested a shared panel of coded ser ... | 2010 | 20430004 |
| feasibility and effectiveness of basic lymphedema management in leogane, haiti, an area endemic for bancroftian filariasis. | approximately 14 million persons living in areas endemic for lymphatic filariasis have lymphedema of the leg. clinical studies indicate that repeated episodes of bacterial acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (adla) lead to progression of lymphedema and that basic lymphedema management, which emphasizes hygiene, skin care, exercise, and leg elevation, can reduce adla frequency. however, few studies have prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of basic lymphedema management or assessed the role of c ... | 2010 | 20422031 |
| evidence for wolbachia symbiosis in microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti from west bengal, india. | wolbachia are symbiotic endobacteria that infect the majority of filarial nematodes, including wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and onchocerca volvulus. recent studies have suggested that wolbachia are necessary for the reproduction and survival of filarial nematodes and have highlighted the use of antibiotic therapy such as tetracycline/doxycycline as a novel method of treatment for infections caused by these organisms. before such therapy is conceived and implemented on a large scale, it is ... | 2010 | 20413911 |
| mitochondrial genes for heme-dependent respiratory chain complexes are up-regulated after depletion of wolbachia from filarial nematodes. | the filarial nematodes brugia malayi, wuchereria bancrofti and onchocerca volvulus cause elephantiasis or dermatitis and blindness resulting in severe morbidity. annually, 1.3 billion people are at risk of infection. targeting the essential wolbachia endobacteria of filarial nematodes with doxycycline has proven to be an effective therapy resulting in a block in embryogenesis, worm development and macrofilaricidal effects. however, doxycycline is contraindicated for a large portion of the at ris ... | 2010 | 20362581 |
| at homeostasis filarial infections have expanded adaptive t regulatory but not classical th2 cells. | despite the well-documented immune suppression associated with human helminth infections, studies characterizing the immune response at the single-cell level are scanty. we used multiparameter flow cytometry to characterize the type of effector (th1, th2, and th17) and regulatory (natural t regulatory cells [ntregs] and adaptive treg cells [atreg/type 1 regulatory cells (tr1s)]) cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells in filaria-infected (fil(+)) and -uninfected (fil(-)) individuals at homeostasis (in the abs ... | 2010 | 20357251 |
| development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against wbsxp-1 for the detection of circulating filarial antigens. | the importance of developing effective assays to diagnose, monitor and evaluate human lymphatic filariasis has been emphasized by the world health organization. presently, few immunodiagnostics are available for filarial monitoring programmes. the wuchereria bancrofti (wb) sxp-1 parasite protein, with 84% homology to brugia malayi (bm) sxp-1, was found to be highly immunogenic. wbsxp-1 is one among the diagnostic candidate molecules that were used for developing a rapid-antibody-flow-through dia ... | 2011 | 20338077 |
| infectivity of pacific island wuchereria bancrofti to mosquitoes of the united states. | 1947 | 20292228 | |
| further studies on the treatment of filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti with lithium antimony thiomalate. | 1946 | 20274590 | |
| [not available]. | 1947 | 20270414 | |
| studies on filariasis; potential mosquito vectors of wuchereria bancrofti. | 1946 | 20244141 | |
| ultrastructural analysis of wuchereria bancrofti (nematoda: filarioidea) body wall. | bancroftian filariasis constitutes the principal mosquito-borne nematode infection of humans and the surface of adult of wuchereria bancrofti seems to be especially important in the intricate interplay between host and parasite. the study of the parasite's surface structure might help to understand the localization and function of various organelles. w. bancrofti adult worms were recovered from untreated patients during hydrocele repair surgery and studied by transmission electron microscopy. th ... | 2010 | 20236829 |
| molecular evidence for a functional ecdysone signaling system in brugia malayi. | filarial nematodes, including brugia malayi, the causative agent of lymphatic filariasis, undergo molting in both arthropod and mammalian hosts to complete their life cycles. an understanding of how these parasites cross developmental checkpoints may reveal potential targets for intervention. pharmacological evidence suggests that ecdysteroids play a role in parasitic nematode molting and fertility although their specific function remains unknown. in insects, ecdysone triggers molting through th ... | 2010 | 20231890 |
| filarial selenium glutathione peroxidase: a probable immunodiagnostic marker for lymphatic filariasis. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) caused by wuchereria bancrofti is widely prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. night blood film examination is most commonly used for diagnosis of filariasis but is cumbersome and labour intensive. in order to develop an indirect elisa-based immunodiagnostic test, the importance of antifilarial igg subclasses was evaluated in bancroftian filariasis patients. blood samples from healthy individuals and different categories of lf patients were used to estimate t ... | 2010 | 20227740 |
| an integrative treatment for lower limb lymphedema (elephantiasis). | 2010 | 20180687 | |
| detection of wuchereria bancrofti l3 larvae in mosquitoes: a reverse transcriptase pcr assay evaluating infection and infectivity. | detection of filarial dna in mosquitoes by pcr cannot differentiate infective mosquitoes from infected mosquitoes. in order to evaluate transmission risk an assay is needed that can specifically detect infective l3 stage parasites. we now report the development of an assay that specifically detects the infective stage of wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes. the assay detects an l3-activated mrna transcript by reverse-transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr). | 2010 | 20169115 |
| molecular characterization of a truncated antigen (wb14) of sxp-1 of wuchereria bancrofti from four endemic regions in india. | wb14 of wuchereria bancrofti, an orthologue of brugia malayi sxp-1 and w. bancrofti sxp-1, was amplified from genomic dna of w. bancrofti microfilaria collected from four distant geographical locations in india viz., vellore, bhubaneshwar, pondicherry and sevagram. the gene was sub-cloned in a prokaryotic vector prset and expressed in escherichia coli as a truncated protein (approximately 23kda). the nucleotide sequence of the gene is 98% similar to that of wbsxp-1 and is found to be intron-less ... | 2010 | 20138869 |
| the long battle against a horrific disease. | 2010 | 20133549 | |
| lymphatic filarial species differentiation using evolutionarily modified tandem repeats: generation of new genetic markers. | polymerase chain reaction based methods are promising tools for the monitoring and evaluation of the global program for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis. the currently available pcr methods do not differentiate the dna of wuchereria bancrofti or brugia malayi by a single pcr and hence are cumbersome. therefore, we designed a single step pcr strategy for differentiating bancroftian infection from brugian infection based on a newly identified gene from the w. bancrofti genome, abundant larv ... | 2010 | 20132908 |
| wuchereria bancrofti: diminished platelet activation in filarial patients. | blood platelets are the innate immune elements that have not been investigated in human filarial infections. platelet activation status in the endemic normals (en), microfilaria positive individuals (mf) and patients with chronic pathology (cp) was evaluated in whole blood, under unstimulated as well as antigen exposed (bma, e. coli) conditions for pac-1 expression by flow cytometry. a diminished pac-1 expression was observed in mf compared to cp and en spontaneously as well as upon antigen expo ... | 2010 | 20093116 |
| role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of filarial infestation. | filariasis is a tropical disease transmitted by the culex mosquitoes. the diagnosis of it is conventionally made by demonstrating microfilariae in the peripheral blood smear. however; microfilariae and adult filarial worm have been incidentally detected in fine needle aspirates of various lesions in clinically unsuspected cases. the cases of filariasis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) were retrieved from the archives of the cytopathology laboratory between the periods of janua ... | 2011 | 20091903 |
| doxycycline for mansonella perstans infection. | 2010 | 20089982 | |
| association between mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms and wuchereria bancrofti infection in two communities in north-eastern tanzania. | the association between selected mannose-binding lectin (mbl) genotype polymorphisms and wuchereria bancrofti infection status was assessed among individuals whose infection status had been monitored for three decades. blood samples were collected in 2006 and examined for polymorphisms in the mbl-2 gene and for w. bancrofti-specific circulating filarial antigen (cfa) status. logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between mbl genotype and cfa status, with low-expression mbl ... | 2010 | 20065005 |
| review on global co-transmission of human plasmodium species and wuchereria bancrofti by anopheles mosquitoes. | malaria and lymphatic filariasis are two of the most common mosquito-borne parasitic diseases worldwide which can occur as concomitant human infections while also sharing common mosquito vectors. this review presents the most recent available information on the co-transmission of human plasmodium species and wuchereria bancrofti by anopheles mosquitoes. important biological and epidemiological aspects are also described including the lifecycle of each parasite species and their specificities, th ... | 2010 | 19941975 |
| status of lymphatic filariasis in lucknow district, uttar pradesh. | lucknow district was endemic for lymphatic filariasis (lf). during march 2008, lf survey was carried out in 14 randomly selected villages (six primary health centres) and 4 mohallas of lucknow city. out of 3,654 night blood smears (nbs) collected and examined, 209 were found positive for wuchereria bancrofti (micrifilaria rate: 5.7%). microfilaria (mf) carriers were detected from all surveyed villages and mohallas. the age of these positive persons ranged from 6-70 years. in all areas, prevalenc ... | 2009 | 19886174 |
| interruption of annual single dose dec regimen administration: impact on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia, vector infection and infectivity rates. | the effect of single dose diethylcarbamazine regimen (6 mg/kg body wt.) in comparison to standard dec regimen i.e; 72 mg/kg body wt (administered in 12 consecutive days) in clearing wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae from low density micro filariae carriers (1- 8 mf per 20 microl) and its impact on vector infection rate were studied in an urban region endemic for bancroftian filariasis. the efficacy of dec regimens were determined by assessing the rate of successful treatment, percentage cure ra ... | 2009 | 19886172 |
| isolation of an antigen fraction from setaria cervi adults having potential for immunodiagnosis of human filariasis. | crude antigenic preparations from heterologous filarial parasites gave false positive results because of complex nature of these antigens and their cross-reactivity with other helminth parasites. in the present study, efforts have been made to isolate and characterize the antigens from setaria cervi important for diagnostic purposes. the fractionation of s. cervi somatic antigenic preparation on sephacryl s-200 resulted in separation of three major antigenic peak fractions. crossed immunoelectro ... | 2009 | 19860586 |
| integrated mapping of neglected tropical diseases: epidemiological findings and control implications for northern bahr-el-ghazal state, southern sudan. | there are few detailed data on the geographic distribution of most neglected tropical diseases (ntds) in post-conflict southern sudan. to guide intervention by the recently established national programme for integrated ntd control, we conducted an integrated prevalence survey for schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminth (sth) infection, lymphatic filariasis (lf), and loiasis in northern bahr-el-ghazal state. our aim was to establish which communities require mass drug administration (mda) with ... | 2009 | 19859537 |
| transplacental transfer of filarial antigens from wuchereria bancrofti-infected mothers to their offspring. | maternal infection has been considered to be a risk factor for filarial infection in offspring. in order to examine the influence of maternal infection in neonates, we have determined the prevalence of circulating filarial antigen (cfa) and anti-filarial antibodies in 119 maternal and corresponding cord blood samples collected from an area endemic for bancroftian filariasis. | 2010 | 19849889 |
| the sharp end - experiences from the tanzanian programme for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis: notes from the end of the road. | the tanzania lymphatic filariasis programme, which was launched in 2000, is, in terms of geographical coverage, among the largest disease-control programmes in tanzania's history, currently reaching 9.4 million people in 34 districts. the issues associated with this programme's implementation are reviewed here, in the context of the various players/stakeholders involved. this article provides an insight of how the programme began and discusses key areas in the programme's design. mainly, however ... | 2009 | 19843398 |
| lymphatic filariasis: patients and the global elimination programme. | the defining images of lymphatic filariasis are the horrendous disfigurements of lymphoedema, elephantiasis and hydrocele. these clinical presentations, although obviously important and life changing, are not, however, the only outcomes of this wide-spread filarial infection. the other effects of the disease range from severe, acute but short-term bouts of sickness to psychological impairment, poverty and family hardship. it is important to support cases of the disease through all means availabl ... | 2009 | 19843397 |
| ten years of managing the clinical manifestations and disabilities of lymphatic filariasis. | the aim of the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis is to eradicate one of the world's leading causes of permanent and long-term disability, at least as a public-health problem. the achievement of this goal is based on the interruption of the transmission of the causative parasites (so preventing new cases) and, as a 'second pillar', the prevention of disability in those who are infected. the disability is associated with the main clinical manifestations of human infection with wuc ... | 2009 | 19843392 |
| dna-based diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is still a major public health problem. the disease is ranked by the world health organization (who) as the second leading cause of permanent and long-term disability, and has been targeted for elimination by 2020. effective diagnosis lf is required for treatment of infected individuals, for epidemiological assessment and for monitoring of the control program. conventional diagnosis of lf depends on detection of microfilariae (mf) in blood specimens, which has low sensi ... | 2009 | 19842372 |
| imported bancroftian filariasis: diethylcarbamazine response and benzimidazole susceptibility of wuchereria bancrofti in dynamic cross-border migrant population targeted by the national program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in south thailand. | the implementation on the thailand-myanmar border of annual mass drug administration (mda) of a single 6 mg/kg dose of diethylcarbamazine (dec) plus 400mg albendazole, part of the national program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (pelf), has been challenging. in particular, chain migration of cross-border myanmar workers at risk for nocturnally periodic wuchereria bancrofti infection can lead to imported bancroftian filariasis (ibf) in thailand. ibf is targeted for multiple-dose mda with 300 mg ... | 2010 | 19835831 |
| filariasis and lymphoedema. | among the causes of lymphoedema (le), secondary le due to filariasis is the most prevalent. it affects only a minority of the 120 million people infected with the causative organisms of lymphatic filariasis (lf), wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi/timori, but is clustered in families, indicating a genetic basis for development of this pathology. the majority of infected individuals develop filarial-specific immunosuppression that starts even before birth in cases where mothers are infected a ... | 2009 | 19825106 |
| mosquito infection responses to developing filarial worms. | human lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito-vectored disease caused by the nematode parasites wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and brugia timori. these are relatively large roundworms that can cause considerable damage in compatible mosquito vectors. in order to assess how mosquitoes respond to infection in compatible mosquito-filarial worm associations, microarray analysis was used to evaluate transcriptome changes in aedes aegypti at various times during b. malayi development. changes in trans ... | 2009 | 19823571 |
| macrofilaricidal activity and amelioration of lymphatic pathology in bancroftian filariasis after 3 weeks of doxycycline followed by single-dose diethylcarbamazine. | in a placebo controlled trial, the effects of 21- and 10-day doxycycline treatments (200 mg/day) followed by single dose diethylcarbamazine (administered 4 months post treatment) on depletion of wolbachia endobacteria from wuchereria bancrofti, filaricidal activity, and amerlioration of scrotal lymph vessel dilation were studied in 57 men from orissa, india. the 21-day doxycycline course reduced wolbachia in w. bancrofti by 94% before diethylcarbamazine administration. after 12 months, all patie ... | 2009 | 19815891 |
| mansonella perstans--the importance of an endosymbiont. | 2009 | 19812409 | |
| a randomized trial of doxycycline for mansonella perstans infection. | mansonella perstans infection is common in areas of africa where wuchereria bancrofti, a causative agent of lymphatic filariasis, is endemic. m. perstans is refractory to standard antifilarial therapies. the recent discovery of bacterial endosymbionts (e.g., wolbachia) in most filarial species, including m. perstans, provides new therapeutic options for reducing microfilaremia. | 2009 | 19812401 |
| an allele specific pcr assay for screening for drug resistance among wuchereria bancrofti populations in india. | albendazole, a commonly used anthelminthic drug that targets the polymerization of alpha- and beta-tubulin dimer is currently co-administered with the antifilarial drug, diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) in the ongoing global programme for elimination of lymphatic filariasis (gpelf). the experience in veterinary field has shown that there can be a rapid development of resistance to this drug, which therefore, needs to be monitored regularly in gpelf. hence, we investigated the nucleotide polymorp ... | 2009 | 19797818 |
| a putative nuclear growth factor-like globular nematode specific protein. | expressed sequence tags (ests) are an effective approach for discovery of novel genes. in the current study, approximately 250 ests of the cattle parasitic nematode setaria digitata were examined and a cdna clone identified whose coding sequence could not be functionally annotated by searching over publicly available genome, protein, est and sts databases. here, we report the extensive characterization of this orf (up) and its homologues using a bioinformatic approach. uncharacterized protein (s ... | 2009 | 19759810 |
| heritable factors play a major role in determining host responses to wuchereria bancrofti infection in an isolated south pacific island population. | it is increasingly recognized that host genetic factors may play an important role in determining the outcome of filarial infections. to test this hypothesis in bancroftian lymphatic filariasis, pedigree data were collected twice during an 18-year period from an isolated polynesian population living on a pacific island where lymphatic filariasis is endemic. | 2009 | 19754310 |
| lymph scrotum: an unusual urological presentation of lymphatic filariasis. a case series study. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) causes a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms, including urogenital manifestations. transmission control and disability/morbidity management/control are the two pillars of the overall elimination strategy for lf. lymph scrotum is an unusual urological clinical presentation of lf with important medical, psychological, social and economic repercussions. a retrospective case series study was conducted on outpatients attended at the national reference service for filar ... | 2009 | 19738996 |
| an unusual presentation of wuchereria bancrofti infection. | 2009 | 19736421 | |
| seasonal changes of infectivity rates of bancroftian filariasis vectors in coast province, kenya. | bancroftian filariasis in kenya is endemic in coastal districts with an estimated number of 2.5 million people at risk of infection. the main mosquito genera involved in transmission of wuchereria bancrofti in these areas are anopheles, culex and mansonia. the study was envisaged to compare the infectivity rates of bancroftian filariasis vectors between the high transmission (wet) and the low transmission (dry) seasons. | 2009 | 19724086 |
| impact of season on filarial vector density and infection in raipur city of chhattisgarh, india. | bionomics and transmission dynamics of vector population are profoundly influenced by local climatic conditions. the study monitored variations in density, infection and infectivity rates of culex quinquefasciatus with respect to season in randomly selected localities of raipur city of chhattisgarh state. | 2009 | 19724085 |
| comparison of tests for the detection of circulating filarial antigen (og4c3-elisa and ad12-ict) and ultrasound in diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis in individuals with microfilariae. | significant advances were made in the diagnosis of filariasis in the 1990s with the emergence of three new alternative tools: ultrasound and tests to detect circulating antigen using two monoclonal antibodies, og4c3 and ad12-ict-card. this study aimed to identify which of these methods is the most sensitive for diagnosis of infection. a total of 256 individuals, all male and carrying microfilariae (1-15,679 mf/ml), diagnosed by nocturnal venous blood samples, were tested by all three techniques. ... | 2009 | 19722087 |
| filariasis of the breast, diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. | 2009 | 19700906 | |
| ecological meta-analysis of density-dependent processes in the transmission of lymphatic filariasis: survival of infected vectors. | the survival rate of infected vectors represents one of the fundamental components that influence the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne diseases. despite the occurrence of a number of studies investigating mosquito survival after infection with filarial worms, there remains conflicting evidence from both laboratory and field experiments as to the existence and mechanism for parasite-induced mortality among filarial mosquitoes. here, we used a mixed effects meta-analytical framework to comb ... | 2009 | 19645292 |
| intrascrotal nodules in adult men as a marker for filarial granuloma in a bancroftian filariasis-endemic area. | a retrospective study was undertaken in recife, brazil to evaluate the specificity of intrascrotal nodules detected by physical examination as a marker of dead or degenerating adult wuchereria bancrofti worms (filarial granuloma). a total of 372 nodules from 340 adult male patients (mean age 23.1 years) were studied. of those, 253 (68%) nodules were from 226 patients treated with antifilarial drugs (group 1) and 119 (32%) nodules were considered non-drug related and were obtained from 114 patien ... | 2009 | 19635891 |
| [paradigm shift in bancroftian filariasis]. | the way a particular subject is understood changes over time as a result of scientific research. in most cases, these changes are minor, with limited effect on the overall knowledge on the subject. sometimes, however, revolutionary changes occur and not only modify the understanding of the subject but open perspectives that can trigger new interpretations and new ways for expansion of scientific knowledge. the studies of gregor johann mendel were a good example. they led to discovery of the laws ... | 2009 | 19629359 |
| the heme biosynthetic pathway of the obligate wolbachia endosymbiont of brugia malayi as a potential anti-filarial drug target. | filarial parasites (e.g., brugia malayi, onchocerca volvulus, and wuchereria bancrofti) are causative agents of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, which are among the most disabling of neglected tropical diseases. there is an urgent need to develop macro-filaricidal drugs, as current anti-filarial chemotherapy (e.g., diethylcarbamazine [dec], ivermectin and albendazole) can interrupt transmission predominantly by killing microfilariae (mf) larvae, but is less effective on adult worms, whic ... | 2009 | 19597542 |
| identification of setaria cervi heat shock protein 70 by mass spectrometry and its evaluation as diagnostic marker for lymphatic filariasis. | using mass spectrometry and immunological approaches, a heat shock protein 70 associated with lymphatic filariasis (lf) has been identified from a bovine filarial parasite setaria cervi. a heat shock protein was detected in different life stages of s. cervi when exposed to an elevated temperature of 44 degrees c. a combination of atp-agarose column chromatography and electro-elution was used for its purification from adult female extract. on closer examination, it migrated as a single band at 68 ... | 2010 | 19573640 |
| the effect of hiv on filarial-specific antibody response before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine in wuchereria bancrofti infected individuals. | the effect of hiv on filarial-specific antibody response before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine (dec) was analysed by comparing two groups of wuchereria bancrofti-infected adult individuals (positive for circulating filarial antigen) who were positive (n=15) or negative (n=21) for hiv co-infection. prior to dec treatment there was no significant difference in filarial-specific igg1, igg2, igg4 and ige antibody response between the hiv negative and the hiv positive group, while a five ... | 2009 | 19567236 |
| patent filarial infection modulates malaria-specific type 1 cytokine responses in an il-10-dependent manner in a filaria/malaria-coinfected population. | the effect of filarial infections on malaria-specific immune responses was investigated in malian villages coendemic for filariasis (fil) and malaria. cytokines were measured from plasma and ag-stimulated whole blood from individuals with wuchereria bancrofti and/or mansonella perstans infections (fil(+); n = 19) and those without evidence of filarial infection (fil(-); n = 19). plasma levels of il-10 (geometric mean [gm], 22.8 vs 10.4) were higher in fil(+) compared with fil(-), whereas levels ... | 2009 | 19561105 |
| prolonged persistence of residual wuchereria bancrofti infection after cessation of diethylcarbamazine-fortified salt programme. | a diethylcarbamazine (dec)-fortified salt intervention programme was implemented between 1982 and 1986 in karaikal district, union territory of pondicherry, south india, to control culex transmitted bancroftian filariasis. the intervention reduced the microfilaria (mf) rate from 4.49% to 0.08%. to eliminate the residual microfilaraemia, the health department detected and treated mf carriers from 1987 to 2005 and mass-administered drugs in 2004 and 2005. surveillance from 1987 to 2005 revealed pe ... | 2009 | 19552662 |
| setaria cervi dual specific phosphatase: characterization and its effect on eosinophil degranulation. | setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite contains significant acid phosphatase (acp) activity in its various life stages. two forms of acp were separated from somatic extract of adult female parasite using cation exchange, gel filtration and concavalin affinity chromatography. one form having a molecular mass of 79 kda was characterized as dual specific protein tyrosine phosphatase (scdsp) based on substrate specificity and inhibition studies. with various substrates tested, it showed significa ... | 2009 | 19523248 |
| evaluation of wuchereria bancrofti gst as a vaccine candidate for lymphatic filariasis. | lymphatic filarial parasites survive within the lymphatic vessels for years despite the complex immune environment surrounding them. parasites possibly accomplish this by adopting various immunomodulatory strategies, which include release of glutathione-s-transferases (gsts) that counteract the oxidative free radicals produced by the host. since gsts produced by parasites appear to be critical for the survival of parasites in the host, several studies evaluated the potential of parasite gsts as ... | 2009 | 19513102 |
| [epidemiological study on lymphatic filariasis (wuchereria bancrofti) in sénégal]. | the purpose of this descriptive study conducted in an area endemic for lymphatic filariasis was to update information on the prevalence, clinical aspects, and awareness of this parasitic disease. all consenting inhabitants over 10 years old in three selected sectors were included. an entomological investigation was carried out to estimate the rate of vector infection. out of a total of 3.359 subjects examined, 57.3% reported familiarity with the disease and provided an accurate description. the ... | 2009 | 19499747 |
| current practices in the management of lymphatic filariasis. | lymphatic filariasis is a major cause of acute and chronic morbidity in 81 countries. the availability of safe treatment regimens along with rapid diagnostic tools resulted in a global program to eliminate the disease. the two main objectives of the global elimination program are to interrupt transmission of the parasites and to provide care for those with the disease. the strategy for transmission interruption is preventive chemotherapy through mass drug administration. this article reviews the ... | 2009 | 19485799 |
| reduction in levels of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor-a and improvement in hydrocele patients by targeting endosymbiotic wolbachia sp. in wuchereria bancrofti with doxycycline. | the treatment for hydrocele is expensive, invasive surgery-hydrocelectomy. a drug that could prevent or improve this condition could replace or supplement hydrocelectomy. in ghana, 42 hydrocele patients participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a six-week regimen of doxycycline, 200 mg/day. four months after doxycycline treatment, patients received 150 mug/kg of ivermectin and 400 mg of albendazole, which is used for mass chemotherapy in this area. patients were monitored for l ... | 2009 | 19478258 |
| filarial infection is resisted differentially by subjects having different blood group phenotypes. | this study was aimed to elucidate the relationship between major blood group antigens (bgas) and susceptibility or resistance to human lymphatic filariasis. a total of 492 human subjects, living in raipur city of chhattisgarh, endemic for bancroftian filariasis in central india, were screened for the presence of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae and disease manifestations. the frequency of bgas was tabulated as a function of the status of filariasis, namely normal (no infection), mf carrier (pr ... | 2009 | 19455632 |
| the nematode parasite onchocerca volvulus generates the transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta). | transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta) is a highly conserved cytokine that has a well-known regulatory role in immunity, but also in organ development of most animal species including helminths. homologous tgf-b genes and mrna have been detected in the filaria brugia malayi. the in situ protein expression is unknown for filariae. therefore, we examined several filariae for the expression and localization of latent (stable) tgf-beta in adult and larval stages. a specific goat anti-human laten ... | 2009 | 19452170 |
| oral filariasis--a case report. | filarial worms are nematodes that dwell in the subcutaneous tissues and lymphatics of human hosts. in india, filariasis is predominantly caused by a species of nematode called wuchereria bancrofti. the disease is transmitted through the bite of blood sucking mosquitoes. the salient clinical feature of the disease is lymphangitis leading to elephantiasis of the legs, arms, scrotum and breast. oral or perioral involvement is very rare. we report a case of filariasis which was diagnosed after biops ... | 2010 | 19446380 |
| a four-antigen mixture for rapid assessment of onchocerca volvulus infection. | onchocerciasis, an infection caused by the filarial nematode onchocerca volvulus, is a major public health concern. given the debilitating symptoms associated with onchocerciasis and concerns about recrudescence in areas of previous onchocerciasis control, more efficient tools are needed for diagnosis and monitoring of control measures. we investigated whether luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (lips) may be used as a more rapid, specific, and standardized diagnostic assay for onchocerca vol ... | 2009 | 19436728 |
| xenomonitoring of wuchereria bancrofti and dirofilaria immitis infections in mosquitoes from american samoa: trapping considerations and a comparison of polymerase chain reaction assays with dissection. | entomologic monitoring of filarial infections, xenomonitoring, may have advantages in certain epidemiologic situations to assess the presence of infections in humans. hemalum staining and dissection and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were compared to determine the filarial infection status of aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes in american samoa. the overall prevalences of wuchereria bancrofti and dirofilaria immitis infections in ae. polynesiensis were, respectively, 0.16% and 1.06% by dissection and ... | 2009 | 19407123 |
| assessing transmission of lymphatic filariasis using parasitologic, serologic, and entomologic tools after mass drug administration in american samoa. | assessing the interruption of lymphatic filariasis transmission after annual mass drug administration (mda) requires a better understanding of how to interpret results obtained with the available diagnostic tools. we conducted parasitologic, serologic, and entomologic surveys in three villages in american samoa after sentinel site surveys suggested filarial antigen prevalence was < 1% after five annual mdas with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole. antigen and antifilarial antibody prevalence ran ... | 2009 | 19407122 |
| host melatonin secretion is a timing signal for the release of w. bancrofti microfilaria into the circulation. | infection of the lymphatic system by wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria is the most common cause of elephantiasis, a disease that affects over 100 million people. the nightly release of microfilaria into the circulation coincides with the feeding activity of its mosquito vector, a synchronization that is presumably an evolutionary adaptation favoring survival and transmission of the parasite. during the daytime hours, the microfilaria are thought to be sequestered in the lungs, and because they a ... | 2009 | 19398280 |
| ultrastructural analysis of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti obtained from persistent carriers after repeated courses of diethylcarbamazine. | single dose of diethylcarbamazine (dec) used in control programs is effective in breaking the transmission of filariasis. in order to investigate the effect of aggressive therapy on wuchereria bancrofti (wb) microfilariae, dec was given to 29 patients who were positive for the circulating filarial antigen (cfa) assay but did not have clinical manifestations of filariasis, at 6 mg/kg/day for 12 days and again six months later using the same dosing regimen. for each patient, microfilarial density ... | 2009 | 19359187 |
| epidemiological, clinical and entomological observations on lymphatic filariasis in urban puri, orissa. | 2008 | 19301704 | |
| disseminated microfilaremia associated with lung cyst and empyema: an autopsy report. | clinical manifestations of extralymphatic disease caused by filariasis are varied and range from symptoms due to tropical pulmonary eosinophilia to hematuria, proteinuria, splenomegaly, and rarely arthritis. disseminated microfilaremia in association with loculated lung cyst and empyema is of rare occurrence and to the best of our knowledge has not been documented in the literature so far. we report here a case of disseminated microfilaremia due to wuchereria bancrofti infection accompanied by a ... | 2009 | 19290091 |
| susceptibility of various mosquitoes of thailand to nocturnal subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti. | ten different mosquito species representing five genera were allowed to feed on human blood containing microfilariae (5.5-6.5 mf/microl) of nocturnal subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti from kanchanaburi province, thailand. aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, aedes desmotes, downsiomyia species (=finlaya niveus group), culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles dirus a, an. maculatus, an. minimus, armigeres subalbatus, and mansonia uniformis were fed under laboratory conditions using an artificial membrane fee ... | 2008 | 19263851 |
| evaluation of crude antigen of dirofilaria immitis third-stage larva for detection of antibody against wuchereria bancrofti infection by indirect elisa. | dirofilaria immitis is an important heart worm in dogs. an immunodiagnostic test is frequently applied to use an alternative antigen from other parasites. a crude antigen from infective third stage larva (l3) of d. immitis was employed in detecting the antibody to bancroftian filariasis in humans by indirect elisa. it was shown that 25 cases of bancroftian filariasis (76%) at a cut-off value of 0.230, were positive. cross-reactivity was tested using available sera of other helminthic infections. ... | 2003 | 19230575 |
| rapid detection of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi in mosquito vectors (diptera: culicidae) using a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer multiplex pcr and melting curve analysis. | we developed a single-step real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) merged with melting curve analysis for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi dna in blood-fed mosquitoes. real-time fret multiplex pcr is based on fluorescence melting curve analysis of a hybrid of amplicons generated from two families of repeated dna elements: the 188 bp sspi repeated sequence, specific to w. bancrofti, and the 153-bp hhai repeated seque ... | 2009 | 19198529 |
| screening of different classes of proteases in microfilarial and adult stages of setaria cervi. | many of the filarial proteases involved in critical physiological functions are expressed in stage-specific manner and belong to various mechanistic classes. setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite express different classes of proteases. this parasite shows strong antigenic cross-reactivity with human filarial parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. somatic extracts of s. cervi microfilariae (mf) and adult stages as well as their excretory-secretory (es) products were screened for th ... | 2009 | 19184106 |
| filaria control and elimination: diagnostic, monitoring and surveillance needs. | gold standard diagnosis using blood films or skin snips has dimished relevance as mass drug distribution programmes for control of filaria infections expand. the view of 'diagnosis' and its relevance at the individual level has changed, as it has been recognised that the spectrum of programmatic processes (mapping, mass drug interventions, monitoring and evaluation, and surveillance) require different approaches as different questions are asked at each stage. the feasibility and relevance of ski ... | 2009 | 19181357 |
| subperiodic, asymptomatic microfilaremia in an adult male from mysore: a nonendemic area. | wuchereria bancrofti is found throughout tropics and subtropics like asia, pacific islands, africa, areas of south america and caribbean basin. in all these areas, except pacific islands, microfilaria occurs in the periodic form, in which case the microfilaria are found in large numbers in the peripheral blood during night. in the pacific islands, they occur in the subperiodic form, i.e., microfilaria are present in the peripheral blood at all times and reach the maximum level of parasitemia in ... | 2009 | 19136806 |
| awareness of health personnel about lymphatic filariasis and mass drug administration in kerala state. | the mass drug administration programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis with dec in kerala was started in 1997, extended to all the 11 endemic districts by 2005. since the beginning of mass drug administration, the drug consumption rate was found to be not satisfactory. the reasons for noncompliance indicated that the community is not fully convinced about the programme. the knowledge of the medical and para medical workers is certainly a factor in the success of implementation of the programme ... | 2008 | 19127667 |
| locomotor disability in bancroftian filarial lymphoedema patients. | disability prevention in cases with lymphatic filarial disease has been a research priority in view of the current programme on global elimination of lymphatic filariasis. this is also important for estimation of disease burden, impact evaluation, developing strategy for morbidity management and rehabilitation for lymphoedema patients in the endemic countries. in this communication, we are presenting the results of quantification of functional limitations of lower extremities with lymphoedema ca ... | 2008 | 19127664 |
| identification of immune-responsive genes in the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus infected with the filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti. | several antimicrobial/parasitic peptides are known to be upregulated in mosquitoes upon infection with parasites. the aim of this study was to identify immune-responsive genes in the vector mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) against the human lymphatic filarial parasite, wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) (spirurida: onchocercidae). suppression subtractive hybridization was performed using rna from filarial infected and non-infected mosquitoes to obtain differentially expresse ... | 2008 | 19120967 |
| subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by dirofilaria repens diagnosed by histopathologic and polymerase chain reaction analysis. | a 31-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug abuse presented with an inflamed subcutaneous nodule in his left thigh. the nodule measured up to 1.2 cm in largest diameter. under the clinical impression of an inflamed epidermal cyst or a subcutaneous abscess, surgical excision was performed. histopathologic examination of the nodule and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis revealed the presence of the helminth dirofilaria (d.) repens, a member of the family filarioidea. diro ... | 2008 | 19111148 |
| lymphadenovarix of the head-neck region--a rare presentation of bancroftian filariasis. | cystic swellings of the neck in children have limited differential diagnoses, often either lymphatic or vascular malformations. other cystic inflammations can be the result of tuberculous abscesses, suppurated lymph nodes and actinomycosis. microfilaria causing lmphadenovarix of head-neck region has not yet been described in the literature. a 10-year-old indian boy presented with an asymptomatic cystic neck mass of 8 months duration. aspiration of the swelling demonstrated numerous wuchereria ba ... | 2009 | 19095694 |
| microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti in cytologic smears: a report of 5 cases with unusual presentations. | endemicity of filariasis in tropical countries calls for its high incidence. however, the disease is often overlooked or misdiagnosed because unusual presentations. as a result the patients are often subjected to numerous investigations before a definitive diagnosis is made. | 2008 | 19068676 |
| micronutrient status indicators in individuals single- or double-infected with hiv and wuchereria bancrofti before and after dec treatment. | to identify possible associations between selected micronutrient status indicators (serum ferritin, retinol, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and the acute phase reactant alpha-1 antichymotrypsin) and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or wuchereria bancrofti, and to assess the effect of the antifilarial drug diethylcarbamazine (dec) on the micronutrient status indicators in individuals positive for one or both of the two infections. | 2009 | 19017312 |
| lymfasim, a simulation model for predicting the impact of lymphatic filariasis control: quantification for african villages. | lymfasim is a simulation model for lymphatic filariasis transmission and control. we quantified its parameters to simulate wuchereria bancrofti transmission by anopheles mosquitoes in african villages, using a wide variety of reported data. the developed model captures the general epidemiological patterns, but also the differences between communities. it was calibrated to represent the relationship between mosquito biting rate and the prevalence of microfilariae (mf) in the human population, the ... | 2008 | 19006602 |
| activation and regulation of toll-like receptors (tlrs) by helminth parasites. | helminth (worm) infections are major public health problems that have important socioeconomic consequences for the more than 2 billion infected individuals. chronicity (their hallmark) can lead to anemia (in hookworm infection), river blindness (onchcerciasis), cirrhosis (schistosomiasis), and elephantiasis (lymphatic filariasis). although there have been many studies examining innate immune responses (including tlr expression and function) in response to intracellular pathogens, fewer have exam ... | 2009 | 18982454 |
| filariasis: new drugs and new opportunities for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. | chemotherapy against onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis has been discussed mainly within the framework of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin and albendazole. although strong reductions in infection prevalence were achieved, the regimes for these drugs do not fully cover needs of individual patients who seek treatment because of symptoms. chemotherapy against filarial wolbachia endosymbionts with doxycycline showed higher antiparasitic efficacy in onchocerciasis and ... | 2008 | 18978537 |
| successful laparoscopic management of unilateral chyluria in a 5 year old. | chyluria is defined as abnormal passage of chyle in the urine. it is usually seen in adults and is bilateral. the commonest cause is infestation with wuchereria bancrofti. other causes include trauma, tumours, tuberculosis and congenital malformations. this report describes the successful management of a 5-year-old child with long-standing, resistant and symptomatic unilateral chyluria. failure of conservative treatment led to use of laparoscopic techniques to perform a lymphorenal disconnection ... | 2007 | 18947703 |
| the use of a phenyl arsenoxide in the treatment of wuchereria bancrofti infection. | 1948 | 18889631 | |
| filarial/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in urban southern india. | the disease course of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is often altered by existing or newly acquired coinfections. treatment or prevention of these concomitant infections often improves the quality and duration of life of hiv-infected persons. the impact of helminth infections on infections with hiv is less clear. however, hiv is frequently most problematic in areas where helminth infections are common. in advance of the widespread distribution of drugs for elimination of lymphatic filariasis ... | 2008 | 18840744 |
| antifilarial lead molecules isolated from trachyspermum ammi. | lymphatic filariasis is caused by infection with the parasitic filarial nematodes wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. timori, transmitted by mosquitoes. the lack of an adulticidal drug poses a challenge to filariasis elimination, hence it is essential to develop an effective antifilarial drug which could either kill or permanently sterilize the adult worms. in the reported work the in vitro activity of a methanolic extract of fruits of trachyspermum ammi (apiaceae) against adult bovine fi ... | 2008 | 18830147 |
| cytological diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis in lesions clinically anticipated as neoplastic. | filariasis is a common disabling parasitic disease in this region and cytological diagnosis is often not required. cytology has important role in diagnosis of sub-clinical filariasis. most cases of cytologically diagnosed filariasis are clinically unanticipated. microfilaria, ova and fragments of adult worm of wuchereria bancrofti, in exfoliative as well as aspiration cytology have been reported and are useful in cytological detection of bancroftian filariasis. microfilaria is frequently detecte ... | 2008 | 18828433 |
| manson's triple error. | the author discusses the significance, implications and limitations of manson's work. how did patrick manson resolve some of the major problems raised by the filarial worm life cycle? the amoy physician showed that circulating embryos could only leave the blood via the percutaneous route, thereby requiring a bloodsucking insect. the discovery of a new autonomous, airborne, active host undoubtedly had a considerable impact on the history of parasitology, but the way in which manson formulated and ... | 2008 | 18814729 |
| expression of defensin, cecropin, and transferrin in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) infected with wuchereria bancrofti (spirurida: onchocercidae), and the abnormal development of nematodes in the mosquito. | the temporal expression of defensin, cecropin and transferrin was assessed in aedes aegypti naturally refractory to wuchereria bancrofti upon infection with this worm, in parallel to analysis of filarial development in the insect. compared to controls, transcription of defensin and cecropin was higher in infected mosquitoes as soon as 2h post infection and peaked before 48h. transferrin transcription was higher in infected mosquitoes at 24h, and at 48h was almost leveled to controls. at 72h and ... | 2008 | 18809401 |
| antigenemia in young children living in wuchereria bancrofti-endemic areas of orissa, india. | the prevalence of filarial antigenemia (an indicator of adult worm burden) among 610 children, aged 3-15 years, was determined in three endemic villages of khurda district, orissa, india, during 2005. prevalence of antigenemia, detected using og4c3 circulating filarial antigen elisa, was 32.6% compared with 10% microfilaraemia. although the prevalence of antigenemia increased marginally with increase in age, no significant difference was observed among the children of different age groups (28.3% ... | 2009 | 18809193 |
| rt-pcr assay for the detection of infective (l3) larvae of lymphatic filarial parasite, wuchereria bancrofti, in vector mosquito culex quinquefasciatus. | periodic monitoring of vector population for infection and infectivity rates is central to the evaluation of the filariasis elimination strategies in endemic areas to monitor the success of mda and also to establish endpoints for intervention. the main objective of this study was to develop a rt-pcr assay, based on l3 stage-specific primers to detect the presence of infective stage larvae of filarial parasite, wuchereria bancrofti in the vector culex quinquefasciatus. | 2008 | 18807377 |