Publications

prevalence and factors associated with sexually transmitted infections among hiv positive women opting for intrauterine contraception.	women living with hiv/aids (wlha) are a high risk group for sexually transmitted infections (stis). however, the majority of women with stis are asymptomatic. data on prevalence of stis among wlha in uganda are limited. the objective of the study was to determine prevalence and factors associated with stis among wlha opting for intrauterine contraceptive device (iud).	2015	25859659
is trichomonas tenax a parasite or a commensal?	trichomonas tenax is considered a commensal organism found under poor oral hygiene conditions. t. tenax presents morphological similarities with t. vaginalis, and there are doubts concerning whether this protist is a parasite and whether it is a genetic variant of t. vaginalis. this study aimed to investigate the capacity of t. tenax to cause mammalian cell damage and compare its cytotoxicity with that of t. vaginalis. protozoan-host cell interaction assays were performed with madin-darby canine ...	2015	25835639
management of recalcitrant trichomonas vaginalis in pregnancy: a case report.	a case report of a pregnant woman with recalcitrant trichomonas vaginalis is described. this case was managed with suppressive treatment with metronidazole during pregnancy and cleared with paromomycin vaginal treatment after delivery.	2016	25829518
effect of recombinant prophenin 2 on the integrity and viability of trichomonas vaginalis.	trichomonas vaginalis is the causal agent of trichomoniasis, which is associated with preterm child delivery, low birth weight, and an increased risk of infection by human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus following exposure. several reports have established increasing numbers of trichomoniasis cases resistant to metronidazole, the agent used for treatment, and it is therefore important to identify new therapeutic alternatives. previously, our group reported the effect of tritrpti ...	2015	25815316
the efficacy of 2-nitrovinylfuran derivatives against leishmania in vitro and in vivo.	despite recent advances in the treatment of some forms of leishmaniasis, the available drugs are still far from ideal due to inefficacy, parasite resistance, toxicity and cost. the wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity of 2-nitrovinylfuran compounds has been described, as has their activity against trichomonas vaginalis and other protozoa. thus, the aim of this study was to test the antileishmanial activities of six 2-nitrovinylfurans in vitro and in a murine model of leishmaniasis. minimum paras ...	2015	25807467
synthesis of nitro(benzo)thiazole acetamides and in vitro antiprotozoal effect against amitochondriate parasites giardia intestinalis and trichomonas vaginalis.	we synthesized four 5-nitrothiazole (1-4) and four 6-nitrobenzothiazole acetamides (5-8) using an easy two step synthetic route. all compounds were tested in vitro against amitochondriate parasites giardia intestinalis and trichomonas vaginalis, showing excellent antiprotozoal effects. ic₅₀'s of the most potent compounds range from nanomolar to low micromolar order, being more active than their drugs of choice. compound 1 (ic₅₀=122 nm), was 44-times more active than metronidazole, and 10-fold mo ...	2015	25801157
natural and synthetic compound anti-trichomonas vaginalis: an update review.	trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoan that causes trichomonosis, a sexually transmitted disease of worldwide importance. however, the infection has long received much less attention than other parasitic and sexually transmitted diseases. this negligence leads to poor diagnosis and underestimated prevalence values, and consequently, it has been associated to increasing acquisition and transmission of hiv, pregnancy outcomes, infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, and cervical and pro ...	2015	25786392
prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis infection among egyptian women using culture and latex agglutination: cross-sectional study.	this is a cross-sectional study carried out in the obstetrics and gynecology department at kasr al- ainy cairo university hospitals.	2015	25783642
trichomonas vaginalis associated with chronic penile ulcers and multiple urethral fistulas.	the case of a 29-year-old, hiv-infected man presenting with trichomonas vaginalis (tv)-associated chronic penile ulcers and multiple urethral fistulas is described. to our knowledge, this is the first description of chronic tv infection being implicated as the probable cause of a destructive lesion leading to sinus drainage and fistula formation.	2015	25778505
synthesis and in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of substituted nitroquinoxalin-2-ones and 2,3-diones as novel trichomonacidal agents.	two series of ten novel 7-nitroquinoxalin-2-ones and ten 6-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-diones with diverse substituents at positions 1 and 4 were synthesized and evaluated against the sexually transmitted parasite trichomonas vaginalis. furthermore, diverse molecular and drug-likeness properties were analyzed to predict the oral bioavailability following the lipinski's "rule of five". 7-nitroquinoxalin-2-one derivatives displayed moderate to high in vitro activity while the efficiency of most nitroquin ...	2015	25771033
trichomoniasis: a brief review of diagnostic methods and our experience with real-time pcr for detecting infection.	trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection, and it is caused by the protozoan flagellate trichomonas vaginalis. although highly prevalent in sexually active women, it has long been overlooked in other groups of potentially infected people. recently, studies have shown that trichomoniasis increases the risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus and can cause adverse outcomes of pregnancy, which has increased interest in t. vaginalis and increased the need ...	2015	25770306
multipurpose prevention technologies: the future of hiv and sti protection.	every day, more than 1 million people are newly infected with sexually transmitted infections (stis) that can lead to morbidity, mortality, and an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) acquisition. existing prevention and management strategies, including behavior change, condom promotion, and therapy have not reduced the global incidence and prevalence, pointing to the need for novel innovative strategies. this review summarizes important issues raised during a satellite session a ...	2015	25759332
trichomonas vaginalis infection among iranian general population of women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	trichomonas vaginalis (t. vaginalis) is one of the main causes of vaginitis, prostatitis, and cervicitis all over the world. little information is available regarding the burden of t. vaginalis infection in iranian women. this systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to determine the prevalence of t. vaginalis among general population of iranian women. data were systematically collected from 1992 to 2012 in iran on such electronic databases as pubmed, google scholar, science direct, ...	2015	25732256
opportunities and pitfalls of molecular testing for detecting sexually transmitted pathogens.	in the last 20 years, nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) have gradually replaced traditional methods for the detection of sexually transmitted infections. naat technology comes with some considerable benefits for diagnosis, including increased sensitivity, rapid result turnaround and suitability for high throughput screening of asymptomatic individuals using more-readily available specimens. however, the transition to naat has not come without its problems. false-negative and false-positiv ...	2015	25714587
prevalence of sexually transmitted infections including hiv in street-connected adolescents in western kenya.	the objectives of this study were to characterise the sexual health of street-connected adolescents in eldoret, kenya, analyse gender disparity of risks, estimate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (stis), and identify factors associated with stis.	2015	25714102
the c-terminal tail of tetraspanin proteins regulates their intracellular distribution in the parasite trichomonas vaginalis.	the parasite trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, a prevalent sexually transmitted infection. here, we report the cellular analysis of t.vaginalis tetraspanin family (tvtsps). this family of membrane proteins has been implicated in cell adhesion, migration and proliferation in vertebrates. we found that the expression of several members of the family is up-regulated upon contact with vaginal ectocervical cells. we demonstrate that most tvtsps are localized on the surfa ...	2015	25703821
pentamycin shows high efficacy against trichomonas vaginalis.	trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of the venereal disease trichomoniasis, which is the most frequent non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. since the 1960s, metronidazole has been the standard treatment, however an increasing number of cases with metronidazole-resistant strains is being reported. in this study, pentamycin, a polyene antibiotic, was tested for its in vitro efficacy against t. vaginalis using four strains with different metronidazole susceptibilities. it was ...	2015	25703311
genetic identification of trichomonas vaginalis by using the actin gene and molecular based methods.	trichomonas vaginalis is the agent of urogenital tract infection that causes human trichomoniasis with some serious health complications. more understanding about genetic features of the parasite can be helpful in the study of the pathogenesis, drug susceptibility and epidemiology of the infection. for this end, we conducted analysis of the actin gene of t. vaginalis by applying the pcr-sscp (pcr-single stranded conformational polymorphism) and nucleotide sequencing method.	2014	25678916
the biology of trichomonas vaginalis in the light of urogenital tract infection.	the human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protist. it is a representative of the eukaryotic supergroup excavata that includes a few other protist parasites such as leishmania, trypanosoma and giardia. t. vaginalis is the agent of trichomoniasis and in the us alone, one in 30 women tests positive for this parasite. the disease is easily treated with metronidazole in most cases, but resistant strains are on the rise. the biology of trichomonas is remarkable: it includes for example t ...	2014	25677793
comparison of four diagnostic techniques for detection of trichomonas vaginalis infection in females attending tertiary care hospital of north india.	trichomonas vaginalis causes a common sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis, which may lead to increased risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus infection and other pelvic inflammatory diseases. wet mount examination is the most common test for diagnosis, but it has low sensitivity. acridine orange staining can be used for diagnosis, but it requires special microscopic facility. culture is considered as the gold standard, but it takes a long time for diagnosis. osom trichomona ...	2015	25673589
trichomonas vaginalis infection: how significant is it in men presenting with recurrent or persistent symptoms of urethritis?	persistent or recurrent non-gonococcal urethritis has been reported to affect up to 10-20% of men attending sexual health clinics. an audit was undertaken to review the management of persistent or recurrent non-gonococcal urethritis in men presenting at whittall street clinic, birmingham, uk. detection of trichomonas vaginalis infection was with the newly-introduced nucleic acid amplification test. a total of 43 (8%) of 533 men treated for urethritis re-attended within three months with persiste ...	2016	25663246
prevalence of 3 sexually transmitted infections in a pediatric emergency department.	this study aimed to determine the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrheae, and trichomonas vaginalis and to describe factors associated with sexually transmitted infection (sti) in a pediatric emergency department (ed).	2015	25654676
evaluation of different staining techniques in the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection in females of reproductive age group.	trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan which causes most common non viral sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis. direct microscopic examination of vaginal fluid remains the most widely used diagnostic test. although, wet mount examination is the most cost-effective diagnostic test, but it has low sensitivity resulting in under diagnosis of the disease. therefore, to overcome this problem, various staining techniques like giemsa and acridine orange can be used along with wet mount e ...	2014	25653944
a mixed methods approach to assess the likelihood of testing for sti using self-collected samples among behaviourally bisexual women.	behaviourally bisexual women (women who have sex with women and men (wswm)) are more likely to report a history of sexually transmitted infections (sti) than women who have sex exclusively with men or exclusively with women. barriers to care may prohibit wswm from seeking sti testing. the present study investigated participant willingness to self-collect oral, vaginal and anal samples for sti testing.	2015	25637328
direct diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection on archived pap smears using nested pcr.	little information is available concerning pcr-based direct detection of trichomonas infections on archived pap (papanicolaou)-stained smears. this study investigates dna extraction and amplification from archived pap smears. trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan that infects the urogenital tract of women.	2015	25633887
protocols for the routine screening of drug sensitivity in the human parasite trichomonas vaginalis.	trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan parasite of humans. treatment of trichomoniasis is almost completely dependent on the old drug metronidazole and is hampered by resistance. new drug development, like routine screening for drug resistance, has however been hampered by the lack of reliable screening protocols with sufficient throughput. here we report on two separate in vitro protocols that use fluorescent dyes and allow for standardized drug sensitivity testing on the req ...	2015	25618339
trichomonas vaginalis infection induces vaginal cd4+ t-cell infiltration in a mouse model: a vaccine strategy to reduce vaginal infection and hiv transmission.	complications related to the diagnosis and treatment of trichomonas vaginalis infection, as well as the association between t. vaginalis infection and increased transmission of and susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus, highlight the need for alternative interventions. we tested a human-safe, aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted whole-cell t. vaginalis vaccine for efficacy in a balb/c mouse model of vaginal infection.	2015	25616405
sexually transmitted infections, benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptom-related outcomes: results from the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial.	to examine whether a history of sexually transmitted infections (stis) or positive sti serology is associated with prevalent and incident benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph)/lower urinary tract symptoms (luts)-related outcomes in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial.	2015	25601300
a multiplex pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis.	for developing countries, sexually transmitted infections (stis) and their complications are ranked in the top 5 disease categories for which adults seek medical treatment. chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng), and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) are the three most common stis worldwide, with tv accounting for over half of the cases. in developing countries, traditional methods for diagnosing stis are laborious, often not very sensitive, and have a long turnaround time with most rec ...	2015	25595915
dithiocarbamate-thiourea hybrids useful as vaginal microbicides also show reverse transcriptase inhibition: design, synthesis, docking and pharmacokinetic studies.	prophylactic prevention is considered as the most promising strategy to tackle sti/hiv. twenty-five dithiocarbamate-thiourea hybrids (14-38) were synthesized as woman controlled topical vaginal microbicides to counter trichomonas vaginalis and sperm along with rt inhibition potential. the four promising compounds (18, 26, 28 and 33) were tested for safety through cytotoxic assay against human cervical cell line (hela) and compatibility with vaginal flora, lactobacillus. docking study of most pro ...	2015	25592712
the antimicrobial effect of boric acid on trichomonas vaginalis.	the treatment options for trichomoniasis are largely limited to nitroimidazole compounds (metronidazole and tinidazole). few alternatives exist in cases of recalcitrant infections or in cases of nitroimidazole hypersensitivity. recently, the intravaginal administration of boric acid has been advocated as an alternative treatment of trichomoniasis. however, no in vitro studies are available that directly assess the sensitivity of trichomonas vaginalis to boric acid.	2014	25581807
etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens responsible for urethral discharge among men in harare, zimbabwe.	periodic etiological surveillance of sexually transmitted infection (sti) syndromes is required to validate treatment algorithms used to control stis. however, such surveys have not been performed in zimbabwe over the past decade.	2014	25581806
the secretory products of trichomonas vaginalis decrease fertilizing capacity of mice sperm in vitro.	trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in humans and is now recognized as an important cause of infertility in men. there is little information about the effect of extracellular polymeric substances (eps) from t. vaginalis on sperm, but previous reports do not provide a conclusive description of the functional integrity of the sperm. to investigate the impact of eps on the fertilizing capacity of sperm, we assessed sperm motility, acrosomal s ...	2016	25578937
clinical characteristics of aerobic vaginitis and its association to vaginal candidiasis, trichomonas vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis.	examine clinical characteristics of aerobic vaginitis and mixed infection for the purpose of better diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficiency.	2013	25568514
epidemiology and laboratory characteristics of trichomonas vaginalis infection in croatian men with and without urethritis syndrome: a case-control study.	the main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis in men with and without symptoms of urethritis, with concomitant analysis of sociodemographic and behavioural specificities of both groups. also, the objective is to evaluate laboratory methods used in the diagnostics of this parasitic disease.	2015	25568091
genome mining offers a new starting point for parasitology research.	parasites including helminthes, protozoa, and medical arthropod vectors are a major cause of global infectious diseases, affecting one-sixth of the world's population, which are responsible for enormous levels of morbidity and mortality important and remain impediments to economic development especially in tropical countries. prevalent drug resistance, lack of highly effective and practical vaccines, as well as specific and sensitive diagnostic markers are proving to be challenging problems in p ...	2015	25563615
improved antiparasitic activity by incorporation of organosilane entities into half-sandwich ruthenium(ii) and rhodium(iii) thiosemicarbazone complexes.	a series of ferrocenyl- and aryl-functionalised organosilane thiosemicarbazone compounds was obtained via a nucleophilic substitution reaction with an amine-terminated organosilane. the thiosemicarbazone (tsc) ligands were further reacted with either a ruthenium dimer [(η(6-i)prc6h4me)ru(μ-cl)cl]2 or a rhodium dimer [(cp*)rh(μ-cl)cl]2 to yield a series of cationic mono- and binuclear complexes. the thiosemicarbazone ligands, as well as their metal complexes, were characterised using nmr and ir s ...	2015	25559246
emphysematous vaginitis.	emphysematous vaginitis is a rare condition, characterized by the presence of multiple gas-filled cysts in the vaginal and/or exocervical mucosa. although its etiology is not completely understood, it is self-limited, with a benign clinical course. vaginal discharge, sometimes bloody, and pruritus are the most common symptoms. chronic and acute inflammation can be found, and diseases that impair the immune system and pregnancy have been associated with this condition.	2015	25551590
trichomonas vaginalis metalloproteinase induces mtor cleavage of siha cells.	trichomonas vaginalis secretes a number of proteases which are suspected to be the cause of pathogenesis; however, little is understood how they manipulate host cells. the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, and transcription. we detected various types of metalloproteinases including gp63 protein from t. vaginalis trophozoites, and t. vaginalis gp63 metalloproteinase was confirmed by sequencing and weste ...	2014	25548410
performance evaluation of a dna chip assay in the identification of major genitourinary pathogens.	to prevent the recurrence of genitourinary infections and to reduce the risks of their complications, accurate and rapid diagnosis are required. stdetect® chip is a dna chip which allows for the simultaneous detection of 13 major genitourinary pathogens in a single vaginal swab or urine specimen. we evaluated the analytical performance of the stdetect® chip for detecting target pathogens that commonly cause genitourinary infections.	2015	25533217
sexually transmitted diseases: epidemiological and clinical aspects in adults.	sexually transmitted diseases (stds) are the first 10 causes of unpleased diseases in young adult women in the world. the concept of stds includes a series of syndromes caused by pathogens that can be acquired by sexual intercourse or sexual activity.adolescents and young adults are responsible for only 25% of the sexually active population and they represent almost 50% of all newly acquired stds.in this way, we evaluated the epidemiological and clinical aspects of most relevant pathogens as nei ...	2016	25532465
randomized trial of periodic presumptive treatment with high-dose intravaginal metronidazole and miconazole to prevent vaginal infections in hiv-negative women.	vaginal infections are common, frequently recur, and may increase women's risk for sexually transmitted infections (stis). we tested the efficacy of a novel regimen to prevent recurrent vaginal infections.	2014	25526757
high prevalence and incidence of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections during pregnancy and postdelivery in kwazulu natal, south africa.	we report the prevalence and incidence of 3 treatable sexually transmitted pathogens (neiserria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, and trichomonas vaginalis) in women who were hiv infected or at high risk for hiv infection, in pregnancy and postpartum, respectively.	2015	25504300
the recombinant prepro region of tvcp4 is an inhibitor of cathepsin l-like cysteine proteinases of trichomonas vaginalis that inhibits trichomonal haemolysis.	trichomonas vaginalis expresses multiple proteinases, mainly of the cysteine type (cps). a cathepsin l-like 34kda cp, designated tvcp4, is synthesized as a 305-amino-acid precursor protein. tvcp4 contains the prepro fragment and the catalytic triad that is typical of the papain-like cp family of clan ca. the aim of this work was to determine the function of the recombinant tvcp4 prepro region (pptvcp4r) as a specific inhibitor of cps. we cloned, expressed, and purified the recombinant tvcp4 prep ...	2015	25499446
trichomonas vaginalis among women raped in antananarivo, 2005-2011.	rape is a forensic emergency due to the possibility of sexually transmitted infections, including hiv/aids. moreover, an upsurge is currently underway. the objective of this study was to determine the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis in women undergoing tests at the microbiology unit of the joseph ravoahangy andrianavalona antananarivo hospital after being raped. this retrospective descriptive study covers the 7-year period from 2005 to 2011 and reports the results of direct examination of the ...	2014	25499225
trichomonas vaginalis origins, molecular pathobiology and clinical considerations.	to integrate a selection of the most recent data on trichomonas vaginalis origins, molecular cell biology and t. vaginalis interactions with the urogenital tract microbiota with trichomoniasis symptoms and clinical management.	2015	25485651
evidence for repeated gene duplications in tritrichomonas foetus supported by est analysis and comparison with the trichomonas vaginalis genome.	tritrichomonas foetus causes a venereal infection in cattle; the disease has mild or no clinical manifestation in bulls, while cows may present vaginitis, placentitis, pyometra and abortion in the more severe cases. t. foetus has one of the largest known genomes among trichomonads. however molecular data are fragmentary and have minimally contributed to the understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of this protozoan. in a search of new t. foetus genes, a detailed exploration was performed us ...	2014	25458117
design and synthesis of substituted morpholin/piperidin-1-yl-carbamodithioates as promising vaginal microbicides with spermicidal potential.	a series of seventeen morpholin/piperidin-1-yl-carbamodithioate (3-19) were synthesized as topical vaginal microbicidal spermicides. the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-trichomonas activity against mtz susceptible and resistant strains along with their spermicidal and antifungal potential. all the synthesized compounds were assessed for their safety through cytotoxic assay against human cervical cell line (hela) and compatibility with vaginal flora, lactobacillus. the study i ...	2014	25453819
gene-expression analysis of cold-stress response in the sexually transmitted protist trichomonas vaginalis.	trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in the world. this infection affects millions of individuals worldwide annually. although direct sexual contact is the most common mode of transmission, increasing evidence indicates that t. vaginalis can survive in the external environment and can be transmitted by contaminated utensils. we found that the growth of t. vaginalis under cold conditions is greatly inhibited, but rec ...	2015	25440978
deoxyadenosine family: improved synthesis, dna damage and repair, analogs as drugs.	improved synthesis of 2'-deoxyadenosine using escherichia coli overexpressing some enzymes and gram-scale chemical synthesis of 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates reported recently are described in this review. other topics include dna damage induced by chromium(vi), fenton chemistry, photoinduction with lumazine, or by ultrasound in neutral solution; 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine isomers as potential biomarkers; and a recapitulation of purine 5',8-cyclonucleoside studies. the mutagenicities of ...	2013	25436589
prevalence and risk factors for cervical neoplasia: a cervical cancer screening program in beijing.	cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and cause of cancer-related death for women worldwide. the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of cervical neoplasia and examine factors associated with high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsil) among women taking part in a cervical cancer screening program in beijing.	2014	25410572
abuse impedes prevention: the intersection of intimate partner violence and hiv/sti risk among young african american women.	intimate partner violence (ipv) is associated with risky sexual behavior and stis among diverse groups of women. ipv was examined as a moderator of efficacy for an hiv/sti intervention. 848 african american women, 18-29, were randomly assigned to an hiv/sti intervention or control condition. participants completed measures on sociodemographics, ipv, risky sexual behavior and received sti testing. ipv predicted inconsistent condom use and a risky sexual partner over 12-month follow-up. a signific ...	2015	25399033
trichomonas vaginalis: clinical relevance, pathogenicity and diagnosis.	trichomonas vaginalis is the etiological agent of trichomoniasis, the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. trichomoniasis is a widespread, global health concern and occurring at an increasing rate. infections of the female genital tract can cause a range of symptoms, including vaginitis and cervicitis, while infections in males are generally asymptomatic. the relatively mild symptoms, and lack of evidence for any serious sequelae, have historically led to this disease ...	2016	25383648
three-dimensional structure of a protozoal double-stranded rna virus that infects the enteric pathogen giardia lamblia.	giardia lamblia virus (glv) is a small, nonenveloped, nonsegmented double-stranded rna (dsrna) virus infecting giardia lamblia, the most common protozoan pathogen of the human intestine and a major agent of waterborne diarrheal disease worldwide. glv (genus giardiavirus) is a member of family totiviridae, along with several other groups of protozoal or fungal viruses, including leishmania rna viruses and trichomonas vaginalis viruses. interestingly, glv is more closely related than other totivir ...	2014	25378500
incidence of curable sexually transmissible infections among adolescents and young adults in remote australian aboriginal communities: analysis of longitudinal clinical service data.	to undertake the first comprehensive analysis of the incidence of three curable sexually transmissible infections (stis) within remote australian aboriginal populations and provide a basis for developing new control initiatives.	2015	25371420
prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis by pcr in men attending a primary care urology clinic in south korea.	trichomonas vaginalis, a causative agent of trichomoniasis, may trigger symptomatic or asymptomatic nongonococcal urethritis and chronic prostatitis in men. despite the availability of highly sensitive diagnostic tests, such as nucleic acid amplification tests, including pcr, few prospective studies present data on male t. vaginalis infection in south korea. in the present study, the prevalence of t. vaginalis and associated clinical conditions were evaluated in 201 male patients from a primary ...	2014	25352707
coinfection with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and trichomonas vaginalis: a cross-sectional analysis of positivity and risk factors in remote australian aboriginal communities.	to determine the co-occurrence and epidemiological relationships of chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) in a high-prevalence setting in australia.	2015	25352691
multisite direct determination of the potential for environmental contamination of urine samples used for diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections.	the detection of a sexually transmitted infection (sti) agent in a urine specimen from a young child is regarded as an indicator of sexual contact. false positives may conceivably arise from the transfer of environmental contaminants in clinic toilet or bathroom facilities into urine specimens.	2013	25349693
biological roles of cysteine proteinases in the pathogenesis of trichomonas vaginalis.	human trichomonosis, infection with trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease in the world. the host-parasite interaction and pathophysiological processes of trichomonosis remain incompletely understood. this review focuses on the advancements reached in the area of the pathogenesis of t. vaginalis, especially in the role of the cysteine proteinases. it highlights various approaches made in this field and lists a group of trichomonad cysteine proteinases in ...	2014	25348828
an emerging mycoplasma associated with trichomoniasis, vaginal infection and disease.	humans are colonized by thousands of bacterial species, but it is difficult to assess the metabolic and pathogenic potential of the majority of these because they have yet to be cultured. here, we characterize an uncultivated vaginal mycoplasma tightly associated with trichomoniasis that was previously known by its 16s rrna sequence as "mnola." in this study, the mycoplasma was found almost exclusively in women infected with the sexually transmitted pathogen trichomonas vaginalis, but rarely obs ...	2014	25337710
male infertility: a public health issue caused by sexually transmitted pathogens.	sexually transmitted diseases (stds) are caused by several pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and protozoa, and can induce male infertility through multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. additionally, horizontal transmission of std pathogens to sexual partners or vertical transmission to fetuses and neonates is possible. chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma spp., human papillomavirus, hepatitis b and hepatitis c viruses, hiv-1 and human cytomegalovirus have all been detected in semen from symp ...	2014	25330794
the parasite trichomonas vaginalis expresses thousands of pseudogenes and long non-coding rnas independently from functional neighbouring genes.	the human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis is a parabasalian flagellate that is estimated to infect 3% of the world's population annually. with a 160 megabase genome and up to 60,000 genes residing in six chromosomes, the parasite has the largest genome among sequenced protists. although it is thought that the genome size and unusual large coding capacity is owed to genome duplication events, the exact reason and its consequences are less well studied.	2014	25326207
drug-free chitosan coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles are active against trichomonas vaginalis and non-toxic towards pig vaginal mucosa.	the present work reports a non-conventional therapeutic strategy based on the use of vaginally-applied formulations for the treatment of trichomoniasis due to trichomonas vaginalis without adding a drug.	2015	25319099
prevalence and risk factors for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women in papua new guinea.	to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women in madang, papua new guinea (png).	2015	25313204
trichomonas vaginalis induces cytopathic effect on human lung alveolar basal carcinoma epithelial cell line a549.	trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of trichomoniasis is generally known to inhabit the genitourinary tract. however, several case reports with supporting molecular and immunological identifications have documented its occurrence in the respiratory tract of neonates and adults. in addition, the reports have documented that its occurrence is associated with respiratory failures. the medical significance or consequence of this association is unclear. thus, to establish the possible outcome ...	2014	25307688
identification of cytolytic vaginosis versus vulvovaginal candidiasis.	this study aimed to observe the morphological characteristic of vaginal discharge in patients with cytolytic vaginosis (cv) under the microscope and to identify it in patients with cv and in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc).	2015	25279977
trichomonas gypaetinii n. sp., a new trichomonad from the upper gastrointestinal tract of scavenging birds of prey.	in the context of an epidemiological study carried out by several wildlife recovery centers in spain, trichomonads resembling trichomonas gallinae were found in the oropharyngeal cavity of 2 egyptian vultures (neophron percnopterus) and 14 cinereous vultures (aegypius monachus) which did not show any symptoms of trichomonosis. in order to characterize them, these isolates along with seven other t. gallinae isolates obtained from different hosts and from different geographical origin were analyze ...	2015	25273632
genetic characterization of oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates from wild birds indicates that genotype is associated with host species, diet and presence of pathognomonic lesions.	oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates of wild birds from spain were studied. a total of 1688 samples (1214 of predator birds and 474 of prey species) from wildlife recovery centres and scientific bird-ringing campaigns were analysed from 2011 to 2013. the overall infection prevalence was 20.3% (11.4% in predator birds and 43.3% in prey species). pathognomonic lesions were present in 26% of the infected birds (57.3% in predator birds and 4.9% in prey species). the most commonly parasitized species w ...	2014	25262786
prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis, chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and human papillomavirus in a sexual health clinic setting in urban sri lanka.	the prevalences of trichomonas vaginalis, chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus (hpv) in sri lanka are not well reported; the objective of this study is to describe the prevalences of these four sexually transmitted infections among attendees of sexual health clinic in an urban setting. vaginal swabs were collected from consenting women attending a sexual health clinic and tested for the presence of the above sexually transmitted infections using nucleic acid amp ...	2015	25258396
putrescine-dependent re-localization of tvcp39, a cysteine proteinase involved in trichomonas vaginalis cytotoxicity.	polyamines are involved in the regulation of some trichomonas vaginalis virulence factors such as the transcript, proteolytic activity, and cytotoxicity of tvcp65, a cysteine proteinase (cp) involved in the trichomonal cytotoxicity. in this work, we reported the putrescine effect on tvcp39, other cp that also participate in the trichomonal cytotoxicity. parasites treated with 1,4-diamino-2-butanone (dab) (an inhibitor of putrescine biosynthesis), diminished the amount and proteolytic activity of ...	2014	25251406
cultivation of parasites.	parasite cultivation techniques constitute a substantial segment of present-day study of parasites, especially of protozoa. success in establishing in vitro and in vivo culture of parasites not only allows their physiology, behavior and metabolism to be studied dynamically, but also allows the nature of the antigenic molecules in the excretory and secretory products to be vigorously pursued and analyzed. the complex life-cycles of various parasites having different stages and host species requir ...	0	25250227
high prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections among women living in kwazulu-natal, south africa.	sexually transmitted infections (stis) contribute largely to the burden of health in south africa and are recognized as major contributors to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic. young women are particularly vulnerable to stis. the purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the risk factors associated with prevalent and incident stis among women who had participated in three clinical trials.	2014	25243015
epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in rural haitian men.	the study attempts to determine the prevalence of organisms associated with urethritis in men in rural southwestern haiti and to determine the association with demographic, clinical and laboratory variables. a standardised verbal interview was conducted; genital examinations were done; urethral swabs were collected for nucleic acid amplification testing, and first void urine was obtained for urinalysis. the mean participant age was 54; 88.8% lived in a rural area. swabs were positive for trichom ...	2015	25228665
impact of public housing relocations: are changes in neighborhood conditions related to stis among relocaters?	cross-sectional and ecologic studies suggest that place characteristics influence sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (stis). using data from a predominately substance-misusing cohort of african american adults relocating from us public housing complexes, this multilevel longitudinal study tested the hypothesis that participants who experienced greater postrelocation improvements in neighborhood conditions (i.e., socioeconomic disadvantage, social disorder, sti prevalence, and m ...	2014	25211249
immunity in urogenital protozoa.	innate and adaptive immunity play a significant role in urogenital infections. innate immunity is provided by the epithelial cells and mucus lining along with acidic ph, which forms a strong physical barrier against the pathogens in female reproductive tract. cells of innate immune system, antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, chemokines and adaptive immunity in the reproductive tract are evolved during infection, and a pro-inflammatory response is generated to fight against the invading pathogen t ...	2014	25201404
epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in rural southwestern haiti: the grand'anse women's health study.	the study attempts to define socioeconomic, clinical, and laboratory correlates in vaginitis and other sexually transmitted infections in rural southwestern haiti. a convenience sample of subjects recruited from a rural women's health clinic and attending an established clinic at the haitian health foundation (hhf) clinic was studied. a standardized history and physical examination, including speculum examination, and collection of blood, urine, and vaginal swabs were obtained from the women at ...	2014	25200263
trichocystatin-2 (tc-2): an endogenous inhibitor of cysteine proteinases in trichomonas vaginalis is associated with tvcp39.	the causal agent of trichomoniasis is a parasitic protist, trichomonas vaginalis, which is rich in proteolytic activity, primarily carried out by cysteine proteases (cps). some cps are known virulence factors. t. vaginalis also possesses three genes encoding endogenous cystatin-like cp inhibitors. the aim of this study was to identify and characterize one of these cp inhibitors. using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) and mass spectrometry (ms), a cystatin-like peptidase inhibitor dubbe ...	2014	25200185
comparative protein structure modeling using modeller.	functional characterization of a protein sequence is one of the most frequent problems in biology. this task is usually facilitated by accurate three-dimensional (3-d) structure of the studied protein. in the absence of an experimentally determined structure, comparative or homology modeling can sometimes provide a useful 3-d model for a protein that is related to at least one known protein structure. comparative modeling predicts the 3-d structure of a given protein sequence (target) based prim ...	2014	25199792
signal transduction triggered by iron to induce the nuclear importation of a myb3 transcription factor in the parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis.	iron was previously shown to induce rapid nuclear translocation of a myb3 transcription factor in the protozoan parasite, trichomonas vaginalis. in the present study, iron was found to induce a transient increase in cellular camp, followed by the nuclear influx of myb3, whereas the latter was also induced by 8-bromo-cyclic amp. iron-inducible camp production and nuclear influx of myb3 were inhibited by suramin and sq22536, respective inhibitors of the gα subunit of heterotrimeric g proteins and ...	2014	25183012
trichomonas vaginalis infection among young pregnant women in brazil.	our goal was to determine the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis and its associated risk factors in parturient women aged 15-24 years attending brazilian public maternity units. participants answered a demographic, behavioral, and clinical data questionnaire. a sample of urine was screened for t. vaginalis. a total 299 women participated in this study. the prevalence rate of t. vaginalis was 7.7% (95% ci: 4.7-10.7%). the factors associated with t. vaginalis were use of illicit drugs [or=4.70 (9 ...	2014	25181400
comparative evaluation of roche aurora flow, becton and dickinson viper system, and dynex ds2 for detection of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis in various clinical specimens.	the purpose of this study is to introduce a high-throughput system, aurora flow, for the simultaneous detection of 3 clinically relevant pathogens of sexually transmitted infections. comparative evaluation with other systems revealed an overall concordance of 97.9% for chlamydia trachomatis and comparable performance for neisseria gonorrhoeae and trichomonas vaginalis.	2014	25172824
gonococcal polyarthritis with sternoclavicular joint involvement in pregnant woman: a case report.	pregnancy is one of conditions that increase the risk of gonococcal arthritis which result from blood dissemination of neisseria gonorrhoeae. a 20-year-old africain female patient (in the second trimester of pregnancy), was admitted to hospital because of fever, asymmetric joint swollen affecting the hands, wrists, left ankle, and right sternoclavicular joint. laboratory findings (erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 117 mm in first hour, the serum c-reactive protein level was 152 mg/l) the gram s ...	2014	25170386
a service evaluation of the gen-probe aptima nucleic acid amplification test for trichomonas vaginalis: should it change whom we screen for infection?	a service evaluation of the new gen-probe aptima nucleic acid amplification test was performed to determine the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) infection in a uk sexual health clinic and identify risk factors to inform an appropriate tv screening strategy.	2014	25170162
successful treatment of refractory trichomonas vaginalis infection using intravenous metronidazole.	trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan infection resulting in a vulvo-vaginitis and altered vaginal discharge in symptomatic women. since its introduction in the 1960 s, metronidazole has been the first-line drug for trichomonal infection. other nitroimidazoles, such as tinidazole, are used as alternative regimens with similar activity but at a greater expense. treatment failure usually represents patient non-compliance or reinfection, although metronidazole resistance has pre ...	2015	25161176
unusually low prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium in urine samples from infertile men and healthy controls: a prevalence study.	to detect mycoplasma genitalium in urine samples of infertile men and men without any signs of infection in order to investigate whether m. genitalium and other genital mycoplasmas (mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma spp) are found more often in urine samples of infertile men than in asymptomatic controls and to determine resistance to macrolides.	2014	25157184
the vaginal microbiota: what have we learned after a decade of molecular characterization?	we conducted a systematic review of the medline database (u.s. national library of medicine, national institutes of health, bethesda, md, u.s.a) to determine if consistent molecular vaginal microbiota (vmb) composition patterns can be discerned after a decade of molecular testing, and to evaluate demographic, behavioral and clinical determinants of vmb compositions. studies were eligible when published between 1 january 2008 and 15 november 2013, and if at least one molecular technique (sequenci ...	2014	25148517
phylogenomic study indicates widespread lateral gene transfer in entamoeba and suggests a past intimate relationship with parabasalids.	lateral gene transfer (lgt) has impacted the evolutionary history of eukaryotes, though to a lesser extent than in bacteria and archaea. detecting lgt and distinguishing it from single gene tree artifacts is difficult, particularly when considering very ancient events (i.e., over hundreds of millions of years). here, we use two independent lines of evidence--a taxon-rich phylogenetic approach and an assessment of the patterns of gene presence/absence--to evaluate the extent of lgt in the parasit ...	2014	25146649
trichomonas vaginalis infections are rare among young patients attending an sti clinic in sweden.		2015	25137630
prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis infection in kashan city, iran (2012-2013).	trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in humans. t.vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan with a predilection for human urogenital tract and causative agent for vaginitis, cervicitis and urethritis in females. t.vaginalis infection is associated with risk of human immunodeficiency virus infectivity and pregnancy complication.	2014	25114674
defining genital tract cytokine signatures of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in women at high risk of hiv infection: a cross-sectional study.	sexually transmitted infections (sti) and bacterial vaginosis (bv) cause female genital tract inflammation. this inflammation, which is often present in the absence of symptoms, is associated with increased susceptibility to hiv infection. we aimed to evaluate genital cytokine profiles and the degree of inflammation associated with common stis and bv.	2014	25107710
a sequential procedure for rapid and accurate identification of putative trichomonacidal agents.	in the current report, a sequential step-wise methodology based on in silico, in vitro and in vivo experimental procedures for the prompt detection of potential trichomonacidal drugs is proposed. a combinatorial of 12 qsar (quantitative structure-activity relationship) models based on linear discrimination analysis (lda) are suggested for the rational identification of new trichomonacidal drugs from virtual screening of in house chemical libraries and drug databases. subsequently, compounds sele ...	2014	25107376
detection of infectious organisms in archival prostate cancer tissues.	seroepidemiological studies have reported associations between exposure to sexually transmitted organisms and prostate cancer risk. this study sought dna evidence of candidate organisms in archival prostate cancer tissues with the aim of assessing if a subset of these cancers show any association with common genital infections.	2014	25106851
clinical characteristics associated with mycoplasma genitalium among female sex workers in nairobi, kenya.	the prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium is high in vulnerable populations of women in low-resource settings. however, the epidemiology of infection in these populations is not well established. to determine the prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium and its association with cervical cytology and other correlates, we recruited 350 female sex workers (fsw) who were 18 to 50 years old in nairobi, kenya, for a cross-sectional study. a questionnaire was administered at baseline to obtain information on ...	2014	25100823
sexually transmitted infections in women.	sexually transmitted infections (stis) are highly prevalent and cause a wide spectrum of disease. however, the majority of these infections may be unrecognized due to lack of overt signs or symptoms of infection. asymptomatic infections remain significant as a result of the potential for long-term sequelae, predominately in women, and the risks of complications during pregnancy as well as mother-to-child transmission. laboratory diagnostics play an important role in identifying infection and in ...	2014	25083897
trichomonas vaginalis: unusual presentation with ulcerative lesions.		2014	25070617
chemical composition of essential oil and anti trichomonas activity of leaf, stem, and flower of rheum ribes l. extracts.	trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in humans and is caused by the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. nowadays, increasing resistance to drugs such as metronidazole resulted in many problem, so new effective remedies are needed. in this study, we evaluate constituents of essential oil and anti-trichomonas activity of rheum ribes.	2014	25050317
whole slide imaging of pap cell block preparations versus liquid-based thin-layer cervical cytology: a comparative study evaluating the detection of organisms and nonneoplastic findings.	cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, yet it is preventable by population screening. in a previous study, we confirmed the feasibility of utilizing whole slide imaging (wsi) of cell block (cb) preparations to overcome the limitations of digitizing cytologic samples. in this study, we evaluated the accuracy of wsi in identifying various organisms and nonneoplastic findings.	2014	25033897
in silico single strand melting curve: a new approach to identify nucleic acid polymorphisms in totiviridae.	the pcr technique and its variations have been increasingly used in the clinical laboratory and recent advances in this field generated new higher resolution techniques based on nucleic acid denaturation dynamics. the principle of these new molecular tools is based on the comparison of melting profiles, after denaturation of a dna double strand. until now, the secondary structure of single-stranded nucleic acids has not been exploited to develop identification systems based on pcr. to test the p ...	2014	25030031
design and synthesis of γ-butyrolactone derivatives as potential spermicidal agents.	a series of γ-butyrolactone derivatives has been designed and synthesized from commercially available 2-acetyl butyrolactone (3-acetyldihydrofuran-2(3h)-one, 1) by aminoalkylating its active methylene followed by condensation with different aldehydes. compounds having amino group were further converted to their respective tartrate salts and were evaluated for spermicidal activity against human sperm in vitro. compounds showing appreciable spermicidal activity at ⩽0.5% [3c, 4d (0.5%); 2c, 3d (0.1 ...	2014	25027939
epidemiology of curable sexually transmitted infections among women at increased risk for hiv in northwestern tanzania: inadequacy of syndromic management.	curable, non-viral pathogens account for a significant burden of sexually transmitted infections (stis), and there is established evidence that stis increase both hiv acquisition and transmission. we investigated the prevalence, trends, and factors associated with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis and treponema pallidum, and the performance of syndromic management, among a cohort of women working in bars, hotels, and other food and recreational facilities near l ...	2014	25025338