Publications

fgk3 glycogen synthase kinase is important for development, pathogenesis, and stress responses in fusarium graminearum.	wheat scab caused by fusarium graminearum is an important disease. in a previous study, the fgk3 glycogen synthase kinase gene orthologous to mammalian gsk3 was identified as an important virulence factor. although gsk3 orthologs are well-conserved, none of them have been functionally characterized in fungal pathogens. in this study, we further characterized the roles of fgk3 gene. the δfgk3 mutant had pleiotropic defects in growth rate, conidium morphology, germination, and perithecium formatio ...	2015	25703795
the potential of antagonistic fungi for control of fusarium graminearum and fusarium crookwellense varies depending on the experimental approach.	to investigate the potential of fungal antagonists to control fusarium head blight (fhb) causing pathogens (fusarium graminearum and f. crookwellense) with two different experimental approaches.	2015	25692943
identification and mapping of quantitative trait loci (qtl) conferring resistance to fusarium graminearum from soybean pi 567301b.	a major novel qtl was identified in a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross of 'wyandot' × pi 567301b for fusarium graminearum, a seed and seedling pathogen of soybean. fusarium graminearum is now recognized as a primary pathogen of soybean, causing root, seed rot and seedling damping-off in north america. in a preliminary screen, 'wyandot' and pi 567301b were identified with medium and high levels of partial resistance to f. graminearum, respectively. the objective of this stu ...	2015	25690715
altered gene expression profiles of wheat genotypes against fusarium head blight.	fusarium graminearum is responsible for fusarium head blight (fhb), which is a destructive disease of wheat that makes its quality unsuitable for end use. to understand the temporal molecular response against this pathogen, microarray gene expression analysis was carried out at two time points on three wheat genotypes, the spikes of which were infected by fusarium graminearum. the greatest number of genes was upregulated in nobeokabouzu-komugi followed by sumai 3, whereas the minimum expression ...	2015	25690694
antagonistic mechanism of iturin a and plipastatin a from bacillus amyloliquefaciens s76-3 from wheat spikes against fusarium graminearum.	controlling toxigenic fusarium graminearum (fg) is challenging. a bacterial strain (s76-3, identified as bacillus amyloliquefaciens) that was isolated from diseased wheat spikes in the field displayed strong antifungal activity against fg. reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses revealed that s76-3 produced three classes of cyclic lipopeptides including iturin, plipastatin and surfactin. each class consisted of several different ...	2015	25689464
synthesis and antifungal activity of chalcone derivatives.	in the present study, using chalcone as a lead compound, a series of its derivatives (compounds 1-30) were designed and synthesised. their activity of anti-pathogenic fungi of plants has been evaluated. it is found that these compounds have good antifungal activity against sclerotinia sclerotiorum, helminthosprium maydis, botrytis cinerea, rhizoctonia solani and gibberella zeae. among them, the inhibition of growth for compound 30 against s. sclerotiorum showed 89.9%, with the median effective c ...	2015	25675372
deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and fusarium graminearum contamination of cereal straw; field distribution; and sampling of big bales.	sampling of straw bales from wheat, barley, and oats was carried out after harvest showing large variations in deoxynivalenol (don) and zearalenone (zen) levels. in the wheat field, don was detected in all straw samples with an average don concentration of 976 μg/kg and a median of 525 μg/kg, while in four bales, the concentrations were above 3000 μg/kg. for zen, the concentrations were more uniform with an average concentration of 11 μg/kg. the barley straw bales were all positive for don with ...	2015	25665688
a proteomics survey on wheat susceptibility to fusarium head blight during grain development.	the mycotoxigenic fungal species fusarium graminearum is able to attack several important cereal crops, such as wheat and barley. by causing fusarium head blight (fhb) disease, f. graminearum induces yield and quality losses and poses a public health concern due to in planta mycotoxin production. the molecular and physiological plant responses to fhb, and the cellular biochemical pathways used by f. graminearum to complete its infectious process remain still unknown. in this study, a proteomics ...	2015	25663750
trichothecene genotype composition of fusarium graminearum not differentiated among isolates from maize stubble, maize ears, wheat spikes, and the atmosphere in new york.	in order to test the hypothesis that the trichothecene genotype composition of local populations of fusarium graminearum is structured by specific habitats, a collection of 1,407 isolates was obtained from overwintered maize stubble, mature maize ears and wheat spikes, and the atmosphere 1.5 m aboveground during the flowering stage of these crops. these isolates were sampled at three diverse agricultural locations in new york state: namely, aurora (sampled in 2012 and 2013) in central new york, ...	2015	25651052
whole-genome sequencing reveals that mutations in myosin-5 confer resistance to the fungicide phenamacril in fusarium graminearum.	to determine the mechanism of resistance to the fungicide phenamacril (js399-19) in fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight, we sequenced and annotated the genome of the resistant strain yp-1 (generated by treating the f. graminearum reference strain ph-1 with phenamacril). of 1.4 million total reads from an illumina-based paired-end sequencing assay, 92.80% were aligned to the f. graminearum reference genome. compared with strain ph-1, strain yp-1 contained 1,989 single-n ...	2015	25648042
individual and combined roles of malonichrome, ferricrocin, and tafc siderophores in fusarium graminearum pathogenic and sexual development.	intra- and extracellular iron-chelating siderophores produced by fungal non-ribosomal peptide synthetases have been shown to be involved in reproductive and pathogenic developmental processes and in iron and oxidative stress management. here we report individual and combined contributions of three of these metabolites to developmental success of the destructive cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum. in previous work, we determined that deletion of the nps2 gene, responsible for intracellular side ...	2014	25628608
synchrotron based phase contrast x-ray imaging combined with ftir spectroscopy reveals structural and biomolecular differences in spikelets play a significant role in resistance to fusarium in wheat.	fusarium head blight (fhb), a scab principally caused by fusarium graminearum schw., is a serious disease of wheat. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of combining synchrotron based phase contrast x-ray imaging (pci) with fourier transform mid infrared (ftir) spectroscopy to understand the mechanisms of resistance to fhb by resistant wheat cultivars. our hypothesis is that structural and biochemical differences between resistant and susceptible cultivars play a significant ro ...	2015	25628148
fss1 is involved in the regulation of an ena5 homologue for sodium and lithium tolerance in fusarium graminearum.	sodium is an abundant cation required for protein function and maintenance of cellular osmotic homeostasis. high concentrations of sodium are toxic, and fungi have evolved efficient sodium efflux systems. in this study, we characterized a novel sodium tolerance mechanism in the plant pathogen fusarium graminearum. fusarium graminearum sodium sensitive 1 (fss1) is a nuclear transcription factor with a zn(ii)2 cys6 fungal-type dna-binding domain required for sodium tolerance. rna-seq and genetic s ...	2015	25627458
the mads-box transcription factor fgmcm1 regulates cell identity and fungal development in fusarium graminearum.	in eukaryotic cells, mads-box genes are known to play major regulatory roles in various biological processes by combinatorial interactions with other transcription factors. in this study, we functionally characterized the fgmcm1 mads-box gene in fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of wheat and barley head blight. deletion of fgmcm1 resulted in the loss of perithecium production and phialide formation. the fgmcm1 mutant was significantly reduced in virulence, deoxynivalenol biosynthesis and co ...	2015	25627073
cell wall traits as potential resources to improve resistance of durum wheat against fusarium graminearum.	fusarium graminearum, one of the causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb, scab), leads to severe losses in grain yield and quality due to the production of mycotoxins which are harmful to human and livestock. different traits for fhb resistance in wheat were identified for common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) while the sources of fhb resistance in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum), one of the cereals most susceptible to f. graminearum infection, have not been found. new lines of evide ...	2015	25597920
aracins, brassicaceae-specific peptides exhibiting antifungal activities against necrotrophic pathogens in arabidopsis.	plants have developed a variety of mechanisms to cope with abiotic and biotic stresses. in a previous subcellular localization study of hydrogen peroxide-responsive proteins, two peptides with an unknown function (designated aracin1 and aracin2) have been identified. these peptides are structurally very similar but are transcriptionally differentially regulated during abiotic stresses during botrytis cinerea infection or after benzothiadiazole and methyl jasmonate treatments. in arabidopsis (ara ...	2015	25593351
repurposing a bacterial quality control mechanism to enhance enzyme production in living cells.	heterologous expression of many proteins in bacteria, yeasts, and plants is often limited by low titers of functional protein. to address this problem, we have created a two-tiered directed evolution strategy in escherichia coli that enables optimization of protein production while maintaining high biological activity. the first tier involves a genetic selection for intracellular protein stability that is based on the folding quality control mechanism inherent to the twin-arginine translocation ...	2015	25591491
deoxynivalenol induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in animal primary cell culture.	deoxynivalenol (don), a mycotoxin produced by fusarium graminearum, is widely found as a contaminant of food. don is responsible for a wide range of toxic activities, including gastro-intestinal, lymphoid, bone-marrow and cardiotoxicity. but, the complete explorations of toxicity in terms of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity as well have not been documented well. again, the mechanisms through which don damages the dna and promotes cellular toxicity are not well establ ...	2015	25578892
expanding the substrate scope of chitooligosaccharide oxidase from fusarium graminearum by structure-inspired mutagenesis.	chitooligosaccharide oxidase from fusarium graminearum (chito) oxidizes n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac) and its oligomers with high efficiency at the c1-hydroxyl moiety while it shows poor or no activity with other carbohydrates. by sequence and structural comparison with other known carbohydrate oxidases (glucooligosaccharide oxidase from acremonium strictum and lactose oxidase from microdochium nivale) eleven mutants were designed to redirect the catalytic scope of chito for improved oxidation ...	2015	25565162
antifungal amphiphilic aminoglycoside k20: bioactivities and mechanism of action.	k20 is a novel amphiphilic antifungal aminoglycoside that is synthetically derived from the antibiotic kanamycin a. reported here are investigations of k20's antimicrobial activities, cytotoxicity, and fungicidal mechanism of action. in vitro growth inhibitory activities against a variety of human and plant pathogenic yeasts, filamentous fungi, and bacteria were determined using microbroth dilution assays and time-kill curve analyses, and hemolytic and animal cell cytotoxic activities were deter ...	2014	25538692
the apses family proteins in fungi: characterizations, evolution and functions.	the apses protein family belongs to transcriptional factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) class, the originally described members (apses: asm1p, phd1p, sok2p, efg1p and stuap) are used to designate this group of proteins, and they have been identified as key regulators of fungal development and other biological processes. apses proteins share a highly conserved dna-binding domain (apses domain) of about 100 amino acids, whose central domain is predicted to form a typical bhlh structure. b ...	2015	25534868
biogeography of fusarium graminearum species complex and chemotypes: a review.	differences in the geographic distribution of distinct trichothecene mycotoxins in wheat and barley were first recorded two decades ago. the different toxicological properties of deoxynivalenol (don), nivalenol (niv) and their acetylated derivatives require careful monitoring of the dynamics of these mycotoxins and their producers. the phylogenetic species concept has become a valuable tool to study the global occurrence of mycotoxin-producing fusarium species. this has revolutionised our views ...	2015	25530109
morphological and molecular characterization of fusarium spp pathogenic to pecan tree in brazil.	the occurrence of fusarium spp associated with pecan tree (carya illinoinensis) diseases in brazil has been observed in recent laboratory analyses in rio grande do sul state. thus, in this study, we i) obtained fusarium isolates from plants with disease symptoms; ii) tested the pathogenicity of these fusarium isolates to pecan; iii) characterized and grouped fusarium isolates that were pathogenic to the pecan tree based on morphological characteristics; iv) identified fusarium spp to the species ...	2014	25501150
effect of 5-n-alkylresorcinol extracts from durum wheat whole grain on the growth of fusarium head blight (fhb) causal agents.	in an approach toward the identification of ecofriendly compounds for fusarium head blight biocontrol, the in vitro antifungal activity of 5-n-alkylresorcinol (ar) extracts, obtained from durum wheat intact kernels, was tested. in comparison with ethyl acetate and acetone extracts containing ar, total inhibition of fusarium graminearum spore germination was observed with cyclohexane extract, which also exhibited a significant fungistatic activity against f. graminearum, fusarium culmorum, fusari ...	2015	25496267
deoxynivalenol-sulfates: identification and quantification of novel conjugated (masked) mycotoxins in wheat.	we report the identification of deoxynivalenol-3-sulfate and deoxynivalenol-15-sulfate as two novel metabolites of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in wheat. wheat ears which were either artificially infected with fusarium graminearum or directly treated with the major fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (don) were sampled 96 h after treatment. reference standards, which have been chemically synthesized and confirmed by nmr, were used to establish a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionizat ...	2015	25492089
complete genome sequence of bacillus subtilis sg6 antagonistic against fusarium graminearum.	bacillus subtilis sg6 exhibited a high antifungal effect on the mycelium growth, sporulation and don production of f. graminearum and significantly reduced disease incidence, fusarium head blight (fhb) index and don in the field. here, we present the complete genome sequence of b. subtilis sg6, providing insights into the genomic basis of its effects and facilitating its application in fhb control.	2015	25483317
behaviour of aspergillus flavus and fusarium graminearum on rice as affected by degree of milling, temperature, and relative humidity during storage.	we investigated the survival and growth patterns of aspergillus flavus and fusarium graminearum, as well as mycotoxin production, on korean rice as affected by the degree of milling (rough, brown, and white rice) and storage conditions (21 °c/85% relative humidity [rh], 21 °c/97% rh, and 30 °c/85% rh). when rice was stored at 21 °c/85% rh, the population of a. flavus remained constant and aflatoxin was not produced, regardless of the degree of milling. at 21 °c/97% rh and 30 °c/85% rh, the popul ...	2015	25475300
enantioselective bioactivity, acute toxicity and dissipation in vegetables of the chiral triazole fungicide flutriafol.	the enantioselective bioactivity, acute toxicity and stereoselective degradation of the chiral triazole fungicide flutriafol in vegetables were investigated for the first time using the (r)-, (s)- and rac-flutriafol. the order of the bioactivity against five target pathogens (rhizoctonia solani, alternaria solani, pyricularia grisea, gibberella zeae, botrytis cinerea) was found to be (r)-flutriafol>rac-flutriafol>(s)-flutriafol. the fungicidal activity of (r)-flutriafol was 1.49-6.23 times highe ...	2015	25463219
defensins from the tick ixodes scapularis are effective against phytopathogenic fungi and the human bacterial pathogen listeria grayi.	ixodes scapularis is the most common tick species in north america and a vector of important pathogens that cause diseases in humans and animals including lyme disease, anaplasmosis and babesiosis. tick defensins have been identified as a new source of antimicrobial agents with putative medical applications due to their wide-ranging antimicrobial activities. two multigene families of defensins were previously reported in i. scapularis. the objective of the present study was to characterise the p ...	2014	25443032
mutations in the arabidopsis homoserine kinase gene dmr1 confer enhanced resistance to fusarium culmorum and f. graminearum.	mutation of arabidopsis dmr1, encoding homoserine kinase, leads to elevation in homoserine and foliar resistance to the biotrophic pathogens hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and oidium neolycopersici through activation of an unidentified defence mechanism. this study investigates the effect of mutation of dmr1 on resistance to the ascomycete pathogens fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum, which cause fusarium ear blight (feb) disease on small grain cereals.	2014	25432266
effects of the deletion and over-expression of fusarium graminearum gene fghal2 on host response to mycovirus fusarium graminearum virus 1.	the mycovirus fusarium graminearum virus 1 (fgv1) is associated with reduced virulence (hypovirulence) of fusarium graminearum. transcriptomic and proteomic expression profiling have shown that many f. graminearum genes are differentially expressed as a consequence of fgv1 infection. several of these genes may be related to the maintenance of the virus life cycle. the host gene, fghal2, which has a highly conserved 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphatase (pap phosphatase-like) domain or inositol mono ...	2015	25431083
two new cyclopeptides from the co-culture broth of two marine mangrove fungi and their antifungal activity.	the strategy that co-cultivation two microorganisms in a single confined environment were recently developed to generate new active natural products. in the study, two new cyclic tetrapeptides, cyclo (d-pro-l-tyr-l-pro-l-tyr) (1) and cyclo (gly-l-phe-l-pro-l-tyr) (2) were isolated from the co-culture broth of two mangrove fungi phomopsis sp. k38 and alternaria sp. e33. their antifungal activity against candida albicans, gaeumannomyces graminis, rhzioctonia cerealis, helminthosporium sativum and ...	2014	25422539
identification of the biosynthetic gene clusters for the lipopeptides fusaristatin a and w493 b in fusarium graminearum and f. pseudograminearum.	the closely related species fusarium graminearum and fusarium pseudograminearum differ in that each contains a gene cluster with a polyketide synthase (pks) and a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) that is not present in the other species. to identify their products, we deleted pks6 and nrps7 in f. graminearum and nrps32 in f. pseudograminearum. by comparing the secondary metabolite profiles of the strains we identified the resulting product in f. graminearum as fusaristatin a, and as w493 a ...	2014	25412204
a small molecule species specifically inhibits fusarium myosin i.	fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of cereal crops worldwide. recently, a novel fungicide js399-19 has been launched into the marketplace to manage fhb. it is compelling that js399-19 shows highly inhibitory activity towards some fusarium species, but not to other fungi, indicating that it is an environmentally compatible fungicide. to explore the mode of action of this species-specific compound, we conducted a whole-genome transcript profiling tog ...	2015	25404531
new tricks of an old enemy: isolates of fusarium graminearum produce a type a trichothecene mycotoxin.	the ubiquitous filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum causes the important disease fusarium head blight on various species of cereals, leading to contamination of grains with mycotoxins. in a survey of f. graminearum (sensu stricto) on wheat in north america several novel strains were isolated, which produced none of the known trichothecene mycotoxins despite causing normal disease symptoms. in rice cultures, a new trichothecene mycotoxin (named nx-2) was characterized by liquid chromatography- ...	2015	25403493
development and application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of the f167y mutation of carbendazim-resistant isolates in fusarium graminearum.	resistance of fusarium graminearum to carbendazim is caused by point mutations in the β2-tubulin gene. the point mutation at codon 167 (ttt → tat, f167y) occurs in more than 90% of field resistant isolates in china. to establish a suitable method for rapid detection of the f167y mutation in f. graminearum, an efficient and simple method with high specificity was developed based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp). a set of four primers was designed and optimized to specially disting ...	2014	25403277
the transmembrane protein fgsho1 regulates fungal development and pathogenicity via the mapk module ste50-ste11-ste7 in fusarium graminearum.	the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling pathways have been characterized in fusarium graminearum. currently, the upstream sensors of these pathways are unknown. biological functions of a transmembrane protein fgsho1 were investigated using a target gene deletion strategy. the relationship between fgsho1 and the mapk cassette fgste50-ste11-ste7 was analyzed in depth. the transmembrane protein fgsho1 is required for conidiation, full virulence, and deoxynivalenol (don) biosynthesis i ...	2015	25388878
synthesis and antifungal activity of 1,2,3-triazole phenylhydrazone derivatives.	a series of 1,2,3-triazole phenylhydrazone derivatives were designed and synthesized as antifungal agents. their structures were determined based on (1)h-nmr spectroscopy, ms, elemental analysis and x-ray single-crystal diffraction. the antifungal activities were evaluated against four phytopathogenic fungi including rhizoctonia solani, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, fusarium graminearum and phytophthora capsici, by the mycelium growth inhibition method in vitro. compound 5p exhibited significant ant ...	2015	25374053
the xylanase inhibitor taxi-iii counteracts the necrotic activity of a fusarium graminearum xylanase in vitro and in durum wheat transgenic plants.	the xylanase inhibitor taxi-iii has been proven to delay fusarium head blight (fhb) symptoms caused by fusarium graminearum in transgenic durum wheat plants. to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the capacity of the taxi-iii transgenic plants to limit fhb symptoms, we treated wheat tissues with the xylanase fgsg_03624, hitherto shown to induce cell death and hydrogen peroxide accumulation. experiments performed on lemmas of flowering wheat spikes and wheat cell suspension cultures demo ...	2015	25346411
fusarium graminearum isolates from wheat and maize in new york show similar range of aggressiveness and toxigenicity in cross-species pathogenicity tests.	this study aimed to assess whether pathogenic fusarium graminearum isolates from wheat and maize were more aggressive on their host of origin and whether aggressiveness was influenced further by b-trichothecene chemotype. fifteen isolates were selected from a contemporary collection of isolates surveyed in new york in 2011 to 2012 to represent diversity of host of origin and chemotype. three pathogenicity assays were used to evaluate and compare these isolates. fusarium head blight (fhb) severit ...	2015	25338173
the fusarium graminearum genome reveals more secondary metabolite gene clusters and hints of horizontal gene transfer.	fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes are of major interest due to the pharmacological properties of their products (like mycotoxins and antibiotics). the genome of the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum codes for a large number of candidate enzymes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. however, the chemical nature of most enzymatic products of proteins encoded by putative secondary metabolism biosynthetic genes is largely unknown. based on our analysis we present 67 ...	2014	25333987
effect of ozone treatment on deoxynivalenol and quality evaluation of ozonised wheat.	deoxynivalenol (don) is the secondary metabolite of fusarium graminearum, which is always found in fusarium head blight of wheat. in this study, gaseous ozone was used to treat both don solution and scabbed wheat to investigate the effectiveness of ozone treatment on don degradation and the effect of ozone on the quality parameters of wheat. it was found that gaseous ozone had a significant effect on don reduction in solution, when 10 mg l(-1) gaseous ozone was used to treat a 1 μg ml(-1) of don ...	2015	25325346
the complete mitogenome of fusarium gerlachii.	the structure of the fusarium gerlachii mitogenome is similar to that of closely related fusarium graminearum; it has a total length of 93,428 bp, the base composition of the genome is: a (35.3%), t (32.8%), c (14.7%) and g (17.2%). the mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rna (rrna) and 28 transfer rna (trna) genes. the trna genes range in size from 62 bp to 88 bp. the gene order is identical to that of the other fusarium mitogenomes.	2016	25319291
quantifying the effects of fusarium head blight on grain yield and test weight in soft red winter wheat.	fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by the fungus fusarium graminearum, is known to negatively affect wheat grain yield (yld) and test weight (tw). however, very little emphasis has been placed on formally quantifying fhb-yld and fhb-tw relationships. field plots of three soft red winter wheat cultivars-'cooper' (susceptible to fhb), 'hopewell' (susceptible), and 'truman' (moderately resistant)-were grown during the 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 seasons, and spray inoculated with spore suspensions o ...	2015	25317842
temporal dynamics and population genetic structure of fusarium graminearum in the upper midwestern united states.	fusarium graminearum sensu stricto causes fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat and barley, and contaminates grains with several trichothecene mycotoxins, causing destructive yield losses and economic impact in the united states. recently, a f. graminearum strain collected from minnesota (mn) was determined to produce a novel trichothecene toxin, called nx-2. in order to determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of nx-2 producing strains in mn, north dakota (nd) and south dakota (sd), a total of ...	2014	25312860
a putative transcription factor pcs1 positively regulates both conidiation and sexual reproduction in the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum.	the plant pathogen fusarium graminearum causes fusarium head blight in cereal crops and produces mycotoxins that are harmful to animals and humans. for the initiation and spread of disease, asexual and sexual reproduction is required. therefore, studies on fungal reproduction contribute to the development of new methods to control and maintain the fungal population. screening a previously generated transcription factor mutant collection, we identified one putative c2h2 zinc-finger transcription ...	2014	25289009
comparison of trichothecene biosynthetic gene expression between fusarium graminearum and fusarium asiaticum.	nivalenol (niv) and deoxynivalenol (don) are predominant fusarium-producing mycotoxins found in grains, which are mainly produced by fusarium asiaticum and f. graminearum. niv is found in most of cereals grown in korea, but the genetic basis for niv production by f. asiaticum has not been extensively explored. in this study, 12 genes belonging to the trichothecene biosynthetic gene cluster were compared at the transcriptional level between two niv-producing f. asiaticum and four don-producing f. ...	2014	25288983
a simple method for the assessment of fusarium head blight resistance in korean wheat seedlings inoculated with fusarium graminearum.	fusarium head blight (fhb; scab) caused mainly by fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of wheat and barley around the world. fhb causes yield reductions and contamination of grain with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don) which are a major health concern for humans and animals. the objective of this research was to develop an easy seed or seedling inoculation assay, and to compare these assays with whole plant resistance of twenty-nine korean winter wheat cultivars to f ...	2014	25288982
development of a selective medium for the fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum using toxoflavin produced by the bacterial pathogen burkholderia glumae.	the ascomycete fungus fusarium graminearum is a major causal agent for fusarium head blight in cereals and produces mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and zearalenone. isolation of the fungal strains from air or cereals can be hampered by various other airborne fungal pathogens and saprophytic fungi. in this study, we developed a selective medium specific to f. graminearum using toxoflavin produced by the bacterial pathogen burkholderia glumae. f. graminearum was resistant to toxoflavin, while ot ...	2013	25288974
biological efficacy of streptomyces sp. strain bn1 against the cereal head blight pathogen fusarium graminearum.	fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum is one of the most severe diseases threatening the production of small grains. infected grains are often contaminated with mycotoxins such as zearalenone and trichothecences. during survey of contamination by fhb in rice grains, we found a bacterial isolate, designated as bn1, antagonistic to f. graminearum. the strain bn1 had branching vegetative hyphae and spores, and its aerial hyphae often had long, straight fil ...	2013	25288928
fgflbd regulates hyphal differentiation required for sexual and asexual reproduction in the ascomycete fungus fusarium graminearum.	fusarium graminearum is a filamentous fungal plant pathogen that infects major cereal crops. the fungus produces both sexual and asexual spores in order to endure unfavorable environmental conditions and increase their numbers and distribution across plants. in a model filamentous fungus, aspergillus nidulans, early induction of conidiogenesis is orchestrated by the fluffy genes. the objectives of this study were to characterize fluffy gene homologs involved in conidiogenesis and their mechanism ...	2014	25277408
anticancer and antimicrobial activities and chemical composition of the birch mazegill mushroom lenzites betulina (higher basidiomycetes).	the anticancer properties, antibiotic activity, and chemical composition of lenzites betulina ethanol extract (ee) were evaluated. eight compounds including 5 sterols were isolated from l. betulina, and 7 compounds were isolated from l. betulina for the first time. the ee displayed strong anticancer activity against tumor cell line mda-mb-231, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 51.46 μg/ml, and there was 83.15% inhibition at a concentration of 200 μg/ml (mtt assay). the antimicrobia ...	2014	25271861
screening survey of co-production of fusaric acid, fusarin c, and fumonisins b₁, b₂ and b₃ by fusarium strains grown in maize grains.	fusarium species isolated from belgian maize were screened for their ability to produce fusarin c, fusaric acid, fumonisins b1 (fb1), fb2 and fb3 in maize grains. first, cultivation of fusarium species in myro liquid medium allowed overcoming the shortage of the standard of fusarin c on the market. all fusarium verticillioides produced much higher contents of mycotoxins in myro compared to fusarium graminearum or fusarium venenatum. the optimization of the lc-ms/ms method resulted in low limits ...	2014	25270005
the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiamin diphosphate analog inhibitors against the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex e1 from escherichia coli.	pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex e1 (pdhc e1) is a potential target enzyme when looking for inhibitors to combat microbial disease. in this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel thiamin diphosphate (thdp) analogs with triazole ring and oxime ether moieties as potential inhibitors of pdhc e1. their inhibitory activities against pdhc e1 were examined both in vitro and in vivo. most of the tested compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against pdhc e1 (ic50 = 6.1 ...	2014	25268578
design, synthesis and fungicidal activities of some novel pyrazole derivatives.	in order to discover new compounds with good fungicidal activities, 32 pyrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized. the structures of the target compounds were confirmed by 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (hr-esi-ms), and their fungicidal activities against botrytis cinerea, rhizoctonia solani kuhn, valsa mali miyabe et yamada, thanatephorus cucumeris (frank) donk, fusarium oxysporum (s-chl) f.sp. cucumerinum owen, and fusarium graminearum sc ...	2014	25203055
reduced susceptibility to fusarium head blight in brachypodium distachyon through priming with the fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol.	the fungal cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum produces deoxynivalenol (don) during infection. the mycotoxin don is associated with fusarium head blight (fhb), a disease that can cause vast grain losses. whilst investigating the suitability of brachypodium distachyon as a model for spreading resistance to f. graminearum, we unexpectedly discovered that don pretreatment of spikelets could reduce susceptibility to fhb in this model grass. we started to analyse the cell wall changes in spikelets a ...	2015	25202860
enhanced production of recombinant galactose oxidase from fusarium graminearum in e. coli.	the gene gaoa encoding the copper-dependent enzyme galactose oxidase (gao) from fusarium graminearum ph-1 was cloned and successfully overexpressed in e. coli. culture conditions for cultivations in shaken flasks were optimized, and optimal conditions were found to be double-strength lb medium, 0.5% lactose as inducer, and induction at the reduced temperature of 25°c. when using these cultivation conditions ~24 mg of active gao could be produced in shaken flasks per litre medium. addition of cop ...	2011	25187134
varioxepine a, a 3h-oxepine-containing alkaloid with a new oxa-cage from the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus paecilomyces variotii.	a new 3h-oxepine-containing alkaloid, varioxepine a (1), characterized by a structurally unprecedented condensed 3,6,8-trioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane motif, was isolated from the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus paecilomyces variotii. due to the low proton/carbon ratio, the unambiguous assignment of the planar structure and relative configuration was precluded by nmr experiments and solved by single crystal x-ray analysis. the absolute configuration was established by dft conformational analys ...	2014	25167167
fusarium head blight development and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat as influenced by post-anthesis moisture patterns.	mist chamber experiments were conducted to quantify and model the effects of post-anthesis moisture on fusarium head blight (fhb) index (ind) and deoxynivalenol (don). four mist treatments, one daily and three intermittent, were applied during an 8-day window immediately after anthesis, plus an untreated check. all intermittent mist treatments received moisture on 4 of the 8 days, but the distribution of the supplemental moisture during the treatment window varied among the treatments. separate ...	2015	25163011
effect of carbendazim resistance on fitness parameters of fusarium graminearum.		2013	25151837
genetic approaches to chemotype determination in type b-trichothecene producing fusaria.	this review summarises the genetic methods used for chemotype determination of the main fusarium type b-trichothecene producing species. literature on fusarium chemotype epidemiology over the last 15 years is reviewed in order to describe temporal and spatial chemotype distribution of these fungi worldwide. genetic approaches used for chemotype determination are also reviewed and discussed, highlighting successes and potential pitfalls of the technique. results from both genetic and chemical app ...	2014	25150674
proteomic analysis of fusarium graminearum treated by the fungicide js399-19.	js399-19 (2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate), a novel cyanoacrylate fungicide, has powerful inhibition against fusarium species, especially to fusarium graminearum. treated with js399-19, mycelium of f. graminearum was distorted and swelled. the embranchment increased. in order to investigate the effect of js399-19 on protein expression of f. graminearum, total protein of f. graminearum cultured in normal condition and that treated with 0.5 μg/ml (ec90 value) js399-19 were extracted respec ...	2013	25149240
the sch9 kinase regulates conidium size, stress responses, and pathogenesis in fusarium graminearum.	fusarium head blight caused by fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley worldwide. in a previous study on functional characterization of the f. graminearum kinome, one protein kinase gene important for virulence is orthologous to sch9 that is functionally related to the camp-pka and tor pathways in the budding yeast. in this study, we further characterized the functions of fgsch9 in f. graminearum and its ortholog in magnaporthe oryzae. the δfgsch9 mutant was slightly red ...	2014	25144230
quantitative volatile compound profiles in fungal cultures of three different fusarium graminearum chemotypes.	biosynthesis in fungal cultures of 27 fusarium graminearum isolates of three different chemotypes (3acdon, 15acdon and niv) grown on yeast extract sucrose agar medium was examined in this study. volatile organic compound (voc) analysis performed by headspace solid phase microextraction gc-ms allowed for determination of various concentrations of six alcohols, 14 aldehydes and ketones, 10 benzene derivatives, one furane, five hydrocarbons and three terpenes. in general, the determined voc profile ...	2014	25132145
involvement of threonine deaminase fgilv1 in isoleucine biosynthesis and full virulence in fusarium graminearum.	in this study we characterized fgilv1, a homologue of the saccharomyces cerevisiae threonine dehydratase (td) from the important fusarium head blight fungus fusarium graminearum. td catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis pathway of isoleucine (ile) for conversion of threonine (thr) to 2-ketobutyrate (2-kb). the fgilv1 deletion mutant δfgilv1-3 was unable to grow on minimal medium or fructose gelatin agar which lacked ile. exogenous supplementation of ile or 2-kb but not thr rescued the myc ...	2015	25129826
regional and field-specific factors affect the composition of fusarium head blight pathogens in subtropical no-till wheat agroecosystem of brazil.	a multiyear survey of >200 wheat fields in paraná (pr) and rio grande do sul (rs) states was conducted to assess the extent and distribution of fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) diversity in the southern brazilian wheat agroecosystem. five species and three trichothecene genotypes were found among 671 fgsc isolates from fusarium head blight (fhb)-infected wheat heads: f. graminearum (83%) of the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon) genotype, f. meridionale (12.8%) and f. asiaticum (0.4%) ...	2015	25121641
essential oil composition, phytotoxic and antifungal activities of ruta chalepensis l. leaves from high atlas mountains (morocco).	this study aimed at the determination of chemical composition of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation, and to evaluate their phytotoxic and antifungal activities. leaves of ruta chalepensis l. were collected from the region of tensift al haouz (high atlas mountains) marrakech, morocco. the essential oil (oil yield is 0.56%) was analysed by gc-fid and gc/ms. twenty-two compounds were identified and accounted for 92.4% of the total oil composition. the major components were undecan-2-one (4 ...	2014	25109925
dual function of a bee (apis cerana) inhibitor cysteine knot peptide that acts as an antifungal peptide and insecticidal venom toxin.	inhibitor cysteine knot (ick) peptides exhibit ion channel blocking, insecticidal, and antimicrobial activities, but currently, no functional roles for bee-derived ick peptides have been identified. in this study, a bee (apis cerana) ick peptide (acick) that acts as an antifungal peptide and as an insecticidal venom toxin was identified. acick contains an ick fold that is expressed in the epidermis, fat body, or venom gland and is present as a 6.6-kda peptide in bee venom. recombinant acick pept ...	2014	25106915
a novel single-stranded rna virus isolated from a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus, rosellinia necatrix, with similarity to hypo-like viruses.	here we report a biological and molecular characterization of a novel positive-sense rna virus isolated from a field isolate (nw10) of a filamentous phytopathogenic fungus, the white root rot fungus that is designated as rosellinia necatrix fusarivirus 1 (rnfv1). a recently developed technology using zinc ions allowed us to transfer rnfv1 to two mycelially incompatible rosellinia necatrix strains. a biological comparison of the virus-free and -recipient isogenic fungal strains suggested that rnf ...	2014	25101066
mycotoxigenic potential of fungi isolated from freshly harvested argentinean blueberries.	alternaria alternata, a. tenuissima, fusarium graminearum, f. semitectum, f. verticillioides, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus section nigri strains obtained from blueberries during the 2009 and 2010 harvest season from entre ríos, argentina were analyzed to determine their mycotoxigenic potential. taxonomy status at the specific level was determined both on morphological and molecular grounds. alternariol (aoh), alternariol monomethyl ether (ame), aflatoxins (afs), zearalenone (zea), fumonis ...	2014	25098914
genetic relationships, carbendazim sensitivity and mycotoxin production of the fusarium graminearum populations from maize, wheat and rice in eastern china.	members of the fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) are important pathogens on wheat, maize, barley, and rice in china. harvested grains are often contaminated by mycotoxins, such as the trichothecene nivalenol (niv) and deoxynivalenol (don) and the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (zen), which is a big threat to humans and animals. in this study, 97 isolates were collected from maize, wheat, and rice in jiangsu and anhui provinces in 2013 and characterized by species- and chemotype-speci ...	2014	25093387
structure and substrate specificity of a eukaryotic fucosidase from fusarium graminearum.	the secreted glycoside hydrolase family 29 (gh29) α-l-fucosidase from plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum (fgfco1) actively releases fucose from the xyloglucan fragment. we solved crystal structures of two active-site conformations, i.e. open and closed, of apofgfco1 and an open complex with product fucose at atomic resolution. the closed conformation supports catalysis by orienting the conserved general acid/base glu-288 nearest the predicted glycosidic position, whereas the open confo ...	2014	25086049
metabolomics deciphers the host resistance mechanisms in wheat cultivar sumai-3, against trichothecene producing and non-producing isolates of fusarium graminearum.	fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat, caused by fusarium graminearum, reduces grain yield and contaminates grains with trichothecene mycotoxins. host resistance to fhb is quantitatively inherited and more than 100 qtls have been mapped, but the host resistance mechanisms are poorly understood. non-targeted metabolic profiling was applied to elucidate the host resistance mechanisms to fhb spread through rachis of wheat cultivar sumai-3 against both trichothecene producing and non-producing isolate ...	2014	25084325
elp3 is involved in sexual and asexual development, virulence, and the oxidative stress response in fusarium graminearum.	fusarium graminearum is an important fungal plant pathogen that causes serious losses in cereal crop yields and mycotoxicoses in humans and livestock. in this study, we characterized an insertion mutant, z39r9282, with pleiotropic defects in sexual development and virulence. we determined that the insertion occurred in a gene encoding an ortholog of yeast elongator complex protein 3 (elp3). deletion of elp3 led to significant defects in sexual and asexual development in f. graminearum. in the el ...	2014	25083910
fgkin1 kinase localizes to the septal pore and plays a role in hyphal growth, ascospore germination, pathogenesis, and localization of tub1 beta-tubulins in fusarium graminearum.	the kin1/par-1/mark kinases regulate various cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms. kin1 orthologs are well conserved in fungal pathogens but none of them have been functionally characterized. here, we show that kin1 is important for pathogenesis and growth in two phytopathogenic fungi and that fgkin1 regulates ascospore germination and the localization of tub1 β-tubulins in fusarium graminearum. the fgkin1 mutant and putative fgkin1(s172a) kinase dead (nonactivatable) transformants were ch ...	2014	25078365
elimination of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress and increases tolerance to trichothecenes.	trichothecene mycotoxins are natural contaminants of small grain cereals and are encountered in the environment, posing a worldwide threat to human and animal health. their mechanism of toxicity is poorly understood, and little is known about cellular protection mechanisms against trichothecenes. we previously identified inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis as a novel mechanism for trichothecene-induced cell death. to identify cellular functions involved in trichothecene resistance, we ...	2014	25071194
similar is not the same: differences in the function of the (hemi-)cellulolytic regulator xlnr (xlr1/xyr1) in filamentous fungi.	the transcriptional activator xlnr (xlr1/xyr1) is a major regulator in fungal xylan and cellulose degradation as well as in the utilization of d-xylose via the pentose catabolic pathway. xlnr homologs are commonly found in filamentous ascomycetes and often assumed to have the same function in different fungi. however, a comparison of the saprobe aspergillus niger and the plant pathogen magnaporthe oryzae showed different phenotypes for deletion strains of xlnr. in this study wild type and xlnr/x ...	2014	25064064
differential gene expression and metabolomic analyses of brachypodium distachyon infected by deoxynivalenol producing and non-producing strains of fusarium graminearum.	fusarium head blight (fhb) caused primarily by fusarium graminearum (fg) is one of the major diseases of small-grain cereals including bread wheat. this disease both reduces yields and causes quality losses due to the production of deoxynivalenol (don), the major type b trichothecene mycotoxin. don has been described as a virulence factor enabling efficient colonization of spikes by the fungus in wheat, but its precise role during the infection process is still elusive. brachypodium distachyon ( ...	2014	25063396
a novel stable isotope labelling assisted workflow for improved untargeted lc-hrms based metabolomics research.	many untargeted lc-esi-hrms based metabolomics studies are still hampered by the large proportion of non-biological sample derived signals included in the generated raw data. here, a novel, powerful stable isotope labelling (sil)-based metabolomics workflow is presented, which facilitates global metabolome extraction, improved metabolite annotation and metabolome wide internal standardisation (is). the general concept is exemplified with two different cultivation variants, (1) co-cultivation of ...	2014	25057268
fgskn7 and fgatf1 have overlapping functions in ascosporogenesis, pathogenesis and stress responses in fusarium graminearum.	fusarium head blight caused by fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat and barley. deoxynivalenol (don) produced by the pathogen is an important mycotoxins and virulence factor. because oxidative burst is a common defense response and reactive oxygen species (ros) induces don production, in this study, we characterized functional relationships of three stress-related transcription factor genes fgap1, fgatf1 and fgskn7. although all of them played a role in tolerance ...	2015	25040476
mycoflora and deoxynivalenol in whole wheat grains (triticum aestivum l.) from southern brazil.	the fungal species fusarium graminearum is related to deoxynivalenol (don) formation. the aim of this study was to evaluate mycoflora and don occurrence in 53 whole wheat grain samples collected in southern brazil during the 2012 crop. wheat grains showed adequate values of water activity ranging from 0.48 to 0.72, within the required limits of moisture content, ranging from 9.1% to 13.9%. in addition, low counts of fungal colonies, ranging from 10 to 8.2 × 10(2), were found. for fusarium genera ...	2014	25029408
phytochemical profile and antimicrobial properties of lotus spp. (fabaceae).	the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of cultivar (cv.) extracts of lotus uliginosus (cvs. trojan and serrano), l. tenuis (cv. larrañaga) and l. corniculatus (cv. são gabriel) were investigated. the phytochemical analysis revealed tannins, coumarins and flavonoids in all extracts, with variations among cultivars, showing genotypic variability. by high performance liquid chromatographic method, the cvs. larrañaga and são gabriel showed the highest percentage of catechin and epicate ...	2014	25014916
fusarium graminearum pks14 is involved in orsellinic acid and orcinol synthesis.	the available genome sequences show that the number of secondary metabolite genes in filamentous fungi vastly exceeds the number of known products. this is also true for the global plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum, which contains 15 polyketide synthase (pks) genes, of which only 6 have been linked to products. to help remedy this, we focused on pks14, which has only been shown to be expressed during plant infections or when cultivated on rice or corn meal (rm) based media. to enhance ...	2014	25011010
variations for fusarium head blight resistance associated with genomic diversity in different sources of the resistant wheat cultivar 'sumai 3'.	fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum, is a serious disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) associated with contamination by the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don). the fhb-resistant wheat cultivar 'sumai 3' has been used extensively around the world. the existence of variation in fhb resistance among 'sumai 3' accessions has been discussed. in this study, genetic variation among 'sumai 3' accessions collected from six countries were identified using ssr markers; our results dem ...	2014	24987294
effect of the combination of crude extracts of penicillium griseofulvum and fusarium graminearum containing patulin and zearalenone on rumen microbial fermentation and on their metabolism in continuous culture fermenters.	six single-flow continuous cultures were used to study the effects of the mycotoxins patulin (pat) and zearalenone (zen) alone or in combination on rumen microbial fermentation. in each of the four 7-d periods, the fermenters were supplemented in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two levels of pat (0 and 20 mg/l) and three levels of zen (0, 5 and 10 mg/l). the treatments did not affect the apparent and true digestibility of organic matter. pat alone decreased the digestibility of neutral deterg ...	2014	24978863
identification and differential induction of abcg transporter genes in wheat cultivars challenged by a deoxynivalenol-producing fusarium graminearum strain.	fusarium head blight (fhb), predominantly caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease that poses a serious threat to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production worldwide. a suppression subtractive hybridization cdna library was constructed from f. graminearum infected spikes of a resistant belgian winter wheat, centenaire, exhibiting type ii resistance to fhb in order to identify differentially expressed members of full-size abcg family. members of the abcg family are pleiotropic drug ...	2014	24973883
automated lc-hrms(/ms) approach for the annotation of fragment ions derived from stable isotope labeling-assisted untargeted metabolomics.	structure elucidation of biological compounds is still a major bottleneck of untargeted lc-hrms approaches in metabolomics research. the aim of the present study was to combine stable isotope labeling and tandem mass spectrometry for the automated interpretation of the elemental composition of fragment ions and thereby facilitate the structural characterization of metabolites. the software tool fragextract was developed and evaluated with lc-hrms/ms spectra of both native (12)c- and uniformly (1 ...	2014	24965664
a comparison of transcriptional patterns and mycological phenotypes following infection of fusarium graminearum by four mycoviruses.	many fungi-infecting viruses, which are termed mycoviruses, have been identified, and most do not cause any visible symptoms. some mycoviruses, however, can attenuate the virulence of the infected fungi, a phenomenon referred to as hypovirulence. to study fungus responses to virus infection, we established a model system composed of fusarium graminearum and four mycoviruses including fgv1 (fusarium graminearum virus 1), fgv2, fgv3, and fgv4. fgv1 and fgv2 infections caused several phenotypic alt ...	2014	24964178
potential of pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca strain pcho10 as a biocontrol agent against fusarium graminearum.	to develop an effective biocontrol strategy for management of fusarium head blight on wheat caused by fusarium graminearum, the bacterial biocontrol agent pcho10 was selected from more than 1,476 wheat-head-associated bacterial strains according to its antagonistic activity in vitro. this strain was subsequently characterized as pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca based on 16s ribosomal dna sequence analysis, assays of the biolog microbial identification system, and unique pigment product ...	2014	24941327
toxicity of abiotic stressors to fusarium species: differences in hydrogen peroxide and fungicide tolerance.	stress sensitivity of three related phytopathogenic fusarium species (fusarium graminearum, fusarium oxysporum and fusarium verticillioides) to different oxidative, osmotic, cell wall, membrane, fungicide stressors and an antifungal protein (paf) were studied in vitro. the most prominent and significant differences were found in oxidative stress tolerance: all the three f. graminearum strains showed much higher sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and, to a lesser extent, to menadione than the other ...	2014	24939687
protein kinase fgsch9 serves as a mediator of the target of rapamycin and high osmolarity glycerol pathways and regulates multiple stress responses and secondary metabolism in fusarium graminearum.	saccharomyces cerevisiae protein kinase sch9 is one of the downstream effectors of the target of rapamycin (tor) complex 1 and plays multiple roles in stress resistance, longevity and nutrient sensing. however, the functions of sch9 orthologs in filamentous fungi, particularly in pathogenic species, have not been characterized to date. here, we investigated biological and genetic functions of fgsch9 in fusarium graminearum. the fgsch9 deletion mutant (δfgsch9) was defective in aerial hyphal grow ...	2015	24903410
first total syntheses and antimicrobial evaluation of penicimonoterpene, a marine-derived monoterpenoid, and its various derivatives.	the first total synthesis of marine-derived penicimonoterpene (±)-1 has been achieved in four steps from 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one using a reformatsky reaction as the key step to construct the basic carbon skeleton. a total of 24 new derivatives of 1 have also been designed and synthesized. their structures were characterized by analysis of their 1h nmr, 13c nmr and hresims data. some of them showed significant antibacterial activity against aeromonas hydrophila, escherichia coli, micrococcus lute ...	2014	24897384
transcriptome profiling of wheat differentially expressed genes exposed to different chemotypes of fusarium graminearum.	the study is an overview of the behavior of the wheat transcriptome to the fusarium graminearum fungus using two different chemotypes. the transcriptome profiles of seven putative differentially expressed defense-related genes were identified by ssh and further examined using qpcr. fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), caused by several species of the fungus fusarium, is important in all wheat growing regions worldwide. the most dominant species in canada is fusarium gramin ...	2014	24893796
screening and monitoring zearalenone-producing fusarium species by pcr and zearalenone by monoclonal antibodies in feed from china.	screening of zearalenone (zen)-producing species and monitoring of zen in feed were performed by using anti-zearalenone monoclonal antibodies. elisa recoveries of zen from corn distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs) feed, corn feed, rice bran, soybean meal, wheat bran and rapeseed dregs were between 78.6% and 88.6%. zen recovery from culture media was 96.3% at the spiked level of 500 µg/kg. eighty-three samples of ddgs feed, corn feed and other fee ingredients were collected from 11 provin ...	2014	24867386
effects of acivicin on growth, mycotoxin production and virulence of phytopathogenic fungi.	acivicin is an inhibitor of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and glutamine amidotransferase. when grown on a synthetic minimal agar medium, acivicin strongly inhibited the growth of magnaporthe oryzae and alternaria brassicicola, and to a lesser extent, botrytis cinerea. however, only partial or marginal growth inhibition was observed with regard to fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium graminearum. the growth retardation caused by acivicin was significantly alleviated by cultivating the fungus on a n ...	2014	24863673
evidence for a reversible drought induced shift in the species composition of mycotoxin producing fusarium head blight pathogens isolated from symptomatic wheat heads.	fusarium species are fungal plant pathogens producing toxic secondary metabolites such as deoxynivalenol (don), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15acdon) and nivalenol (niv). in luxembourg, the fusarium species composition isolated from symptomatic winter wheat heads was dominated by fusarium graminearum sensu stricto strains (genetic 15acdon chemotype) between the years 2009 and 2012, except for 2011, when fusarium culmorum strains (genetic niv chemotype) dominated the pathogen complex. previous repor ...	2014	24859190
a transcription factor fgste12 is required for pathogenicity in fusarium graminearum.	a conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade homologous to the yeast fus3/kss1 mating/filamentation pathway is involved in the regulation of vegetative development and pathogenicity in fusarium graminearum. however, little is known about the downstream transcription factors of this pathway. in saccharomyces cerevisiae, the homeodomain protein ste12 is a key transcription factor activated by fus3/kss1. in this study, we characterized a ste12 orthologue fgste12 in f. graminearum. th ...	2015	24832137
enzymatic cocktails produced by fusarium graminearum under submerged fermentation using different lignocellulosic biomasses.	fusarium graminearum was grown on four lignocellulosic substrates (corn cobs, wheat bran, hop cell walls, and birchwood) and glucose as the sole carbon source. proteomic studies performed on the resulting enzymatic cocktails highlighted a great diversity in the number and type of proteins secreted. the cell wall-degrading enzymes (cwde) proportion varied greatly from 20% to 69%. only one of the 57 cwdes detected in this study was common to the five proteomes. in contrast, 35 cwdes were specific ...	2014	24828340
ergosterol concentration and variability in genotype-by-pathogen interaction for grain mold resistance in sorghum.	a lack of understanding of host-by-pathogen relations can hinder the success of breeding for resistance to a major disease. fungal strain pathogenicity has to be understood from the virulence it can cause on susceptible genotypes and host resistance indicates which genotypes have resistance genes. where the two worlds meet lies the place where researchers match the prevalent pathogen in the area of production with resistant varieties. this paper uses ergosterol concentration analysis as a measur ...	2014	24817586
infection of corn ears by fusarium spp. induces the emission of volatile sesquiterpenes.	infection of corn (zea mays l.) ears with fungal pathogens of the fusarium genus might result in yield losses and in the accumulation of mycotoxins. the aim of this study was to investigate whether volatile profiles could be used to identify fusarium-infected corn ears. the volatiles released by corn ears infected by fusarium graminearum, fusarium verticillioides, and fusarium subglutinans were studied. volatile emission was recorded at 24 days postinoculation (dpi) and in a time series (from 4 ...	2014	24816267