Publications

cloning and characterization of the inulinase gene from a marine yeast pichia guilliermondii and its expression in pichia pastoris.	the extracellular inulinase structural gene was isolated from the genomic dna of the marine yeast pichia guilliermondii strain 1 by pcr. the gene had an open reading frame of 1,542 bp long encoding an inulinase. the coding region of the gene was not interrupted by any intron. it encoded 514 amino acid residues of a protein with a putative signal peptide of 18 amino acids and the calculated molecular mass of 58.04 kda. the protein sequence deduced from the inulinase structural gene contained the ...	2009	18821076
a traditional sudanese fermented camel's milk product, gariss, as a habitat of streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius.	samples of the traditional sudanese fermented camel's milk product gariss representing 9 different regions in sudan were microbiologically characterized using an integrated approach including phenotypic and genotypic methods. lactic acid bacteria [log(cfu/g)=7.76-8.66] and yeasts [log(cfu/g)=6.05-7.79] were detected in high numbers. a total of 180 lab isolates were identified of which 123 isolates were found to belong to the streptococcus bovis group. thirteen representative isolates were charac ...	2008	18774196
effect of different cellulase dosages on cell viability and ethanol production by kluyveromyces marxianus in ssf processes.	this study was aimed to study the effect of commercial cellulases (celluclast 1.5 lfg) on kluyveromyces marxianus cect 10875 growth and ethanol production in ssf processes. preliminary tests carried out in glucose (50 g/l) fermentation medium showed that high enzyme amounts (2.5-3.5 fpu/ml) could cause a negative effect on k. marxianus growth rate and viable cells number. however, the maximum ethanol production was not affected and about 86% of the theoretical (22 g/l) was reached in all cases i ...	2009	18722114
synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of water soluble dendritic macromolecules.	several families of water soluble dendrimers were synthesized based on poly(propyleneoxide) amines (jeffamines) (p(1)). p(1)-core and branched units were constructed from both methylacrylate and ethylenediamine (p(2)-p(9), and generations 0-3 with -nh(2), -cooh functionalities). they were characterized by elemental analysis (ea), gel permeation chromatography (gpc), ft-ir, (1)h, and (13)c nmr. the antimicrobial activities of only water soluble compounds (p(1), p(3), p(4), p(6), p(7) and p(9)) we ...	2009	18657884
morphological characterization of the dimorphic yeast kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus nrrly2415 by semi-automated image analysis.	a semiautomatic image analysis method has been developed to characterize the morphology of the dimorphic yeast kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus (formerly fragilis) nrrly2415 undergoing alcoholic fermentation of cheese whey permeate. the method is capable of separating cells into six defined categories, varying from simple ovoid yeast cells to branched mycelial cells. a sample size of 300 cells was found to be sufficient to obtain a statistically significant categorization. the processing t ...	1996	18629834
highly efficient secretion of heterologous proteins from saccharomyces cerevisiae using inulinase signal peptides.	the inu genes of kluyveromyces marxianus encode inulinases which are readily secreted from saccharomyces cerevisiae into the culture medium. to evaluate the utility of the inu signal peptides for the secretion of heterologous proteins from s. cerevisiae, a variety of expression and secretion vectors were constructed with gal10 promoter and gal7 terminator. the coding sequence for human lipocortin-1 (lc1) was inserted in-frame with the inu signal sequences, and then the secretion efficiency and l ...	1996	18623603
fermentation of cacao (theobroma cacao l.) seeds with a hybrid kluyveromyces marxianus strain improved product quality attributes.	fermentation of theobroma cacao (cacao) seeds is an absolute requirement for the full development of chocolate flavor precursors. an adequate aeration of the fermenting cacao seed mass is a fundamental prerequisite for a satisfactory fermentation. here, we evaluated whether a controlled inoculation of cacao seed fermentation using a kluyveromyces marxianus hybrid yeast strain, with an increased pectinolytic activity, would improve an earlier liquid drainage ('sweatings') from the fermentation ma ...	2008	18616604
optimization of alkyl beta-d-galactopyranoside synthesis from lactose using commercially available beta-galactosidases.	commercially available lactase (beta-d-galactoside galactohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.23) enzymes produced from kluyveromyces fragilis and kluyveromyces lactis were accessed as catalysts for use in the production of beta-galactopyranosides of various alcohols using lactose as galactosyl donor. the yield of galactoside was enhanced by using the highest practical concentrations of both lactose and alcohol acceptor. the concentrations and thus yield, were limited by the solubility of the substrates. the in ...	1993	18613088
appropriate sampling for intracellular amino acid analysis in five phylogenetically different yeasts.	methanol quenching and fast filtration, the two most common sampling protocols in microbial metabolome analysis, were validated for intracellular amino acid analysis in phylogenetically different yeast strains comprising saccharomyces cerevisiae, kluyveromyces marxianus, pichia pastoris, schizosaccharomyces pombe and zygosaccharomyces bailii. with only few exceptions for selected amino acids, all yeasts exhibited negligible metabolite leakage during quenching with 60% cold buffered methanol. sli ...	2008	18604477
solubilization and growth of candida pseudotropicalis in water-in-oil microemulsions.	some new aspects of microbiology in water-in-oil microemulsions are investigated using candida pseudotropicalis in a hexadecane solution containing tween85/span80 (each 5% wt:wt) as surfactant, and limited amount of water (up to 3%, vol:vol), microemulsion solutions containing cells up to 10 mg fresh weight per milliliter can be prepared, which display a greater time stability and a much smaller light scattering than aqueous suspensions having the same cell concentration. this is ascribed to a l ...	1992	18601058
the long-term effects of ethanol on immobilized cell reactor performance using k. fragilis.	the effects of ethanol on reactor performance were studied in a small, 5-cm packed height, "differential" type immobilized cell reactor. lactose utilizing yeast cells, kluyveromyces fragilis, were absorbed to a porous adsorbant sponge matrix in a gas continuous reactor. step changes in the feed ethanol concentration to the column (10-130 g/l) were used to test the reactor response over extended periods of time (about 30-50 h per dosage level) followed by a return to basal zero inlet ethanol feed ...	1990	18595035
lactase production by solid-state cultivation of kluyveromyces marxianus cdbbl 278 on an inert support: effect of inoculum, buffer, and nitrogen source.	a study was carried out to select the conditions for cultivation of kluyveromyces marxianus cdbbl 278 in solid-state culture (ssc) using polyurethane foam (puf) as an inert support. puf was impregnated with culture media containing lactose (50 g/l) as the carbon and energy source. evaluation of culture parameters during different growth phases was carried out by respirometry. the effect of inoculum level, buffer capacity of the medium, and nitrogen source upon the yield of biomass on lactose (yx ...	2008	18592410
the use of cellulases from a beta-glucosidase-hyperproducing mutant of trichoderma reesei in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of wheat straw.	conidia of the cellulolytic strain trichoderma reesei f522 were mutagenized with uv irradiation and n-methyl\|-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (ntg). a visual agar plate detection system was developed, using esculin and ferric ions, to identify mutants of t. reesei with increased beta-glucosidase activity. selected mutants were tested for production of extracellular cellulases in shake flasks on autohydrolyzed wheat straw as carbon source. the most active mutant v-7 showed about 6-times higher activi ...	1989	18588028
production of exopolysaccharide pullulan from inulin by a mixed culture of aureobasidium pullulans and kluyveromyces fragilis.		1989	18587852
the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of pretreated wheat straw to ethanol.	autohydrolysis and ethanol-alkali pulping were used as pretreatment methods of wheat straw for its subsequent saccharification by trichoderma reesei cellulase. the basic hydrolysis parameters, i.e., reaction time, ph, temperature, and enzyme and substrate concentration, were optimized to maximize sugar yields from ethanol-alkali modified straw. thus, a 93% conversion of 2.5% straw material to sugar syrup containing 73% glucose was reached in 48 h using 40 filter paper units/g hydrolyzed substrat ...	1988	18587784
improvements in ethanol tolerance of kluyveromyces fragilis in jerusalem artichoke juice.	alcoholic fermentation of jerusalem artichoke juice, a natural complex medium, allowed the production of 13% (v/v) ethanol utilizing an inulin-fermenting strain of kluyveromyces fragilis, strongly sensitive to ethanol. however, the fermentation of a simple medium with a similar concentration of fermentable sugars (235 g/l) as saccharose stopped prematurely when only 7% (v/v) ethanol had been produced. differences in the two fermentation profiles were attributed to the significantly lower ethanol ...	1988	18584667
the effect of temperature and ph on ethanol production by free and immobilized cells of kluyveromyces marxianus grown on jerusalem artichoke extract.	the effect of temperature and ph on the kinetics of ethanol production by free and calcium alginate immobilized cells of kluyveromyces marxianus grown on jerusalem artichoke extract was investigated. with the free cells, the ethanol and biomass yields were relatively constant over the temperature range 25-35 degrees c, but dropped sharply beyond 35 degrees c. other kinetic parameters, specific growth rate, specific ethanol production rate, and specific total sugar uptake rate were maximum at 35 ...	1987	18581313
isolation of a respiratory-deficient kluyveromyces fragilis mutant for the production of ethanol from jerusalem artichoke.	a respiratory-deficient, mutant of kluyveromyces fragilis was isolated using a ethidium bromide mutagenesis. it was characterized by a loss of cytochromes a + a3 and by an improvement of its inulinase activity. under anaerobic conditions this mutant was always better than the wild strain for ethanol production especially from jerusalem artichoke extracts containing large amounts of high polyfructosans ("early" extracts).	1987	18576530
a mathematical model of ethanol fermentation from cheese whey : ii. simulation and comparison with experimental data.	a cybernetic model for microbial growth on mixed substrates, was used to simulate the anaerobic fermentation of cheese whey and multiple sugars in semisynthetic media by kluyveromyces marxianus cbs 397. the model simulations quite successfully predicted the observed behavior in batch and during transients in continuous operation, in single-substrate systems as well as in media involving multiple substrates, and in semisynthetic and reconstituted cheese whey solutions. the results of simulations ...	1997	18576107
a mathematical model of ethanol fermentation from cheese whey : i: model development and parameter estimation.	the cybernetic approach to modeling of microbial kinetics in a mixed-substrate environment has been used in this work for the fermentative production of ethanol from cheese whey. in this system, the cells grow on multiple substrates and generate metabolic energy during product formation. this article deals with the development of a mathematical model in which the concept of cell maintenance was modified in light of the specific nature of product formation. continuous culture data for anaerobic p ...	1997	18576106
downstream processing of inulinase. comparison of different techniques.	candida kefyr dsm 70106 was cultivated in a medium containing inulin as a carbon source. about 92% of the inulinase was recovered directly from the medium. different concentration (c(f)) and enrichment (e(f)) factors were obtained, using the following methods: cross-flow filtration (microfiltration and cell diafiltration were carried out using a rotary filter; enzyme ultrafiltration and diafiltration were performed using a cassette module): c(f) = 7.5 and e(f) = 2.2; liquid-liquid extraction of ...	1998	18576016
effect of surfactants and zeolites on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of steam-exploded poplar biomass to ethanol.	in this work, the effect of the addition of different concentrations of tween-80 and three different zeolite-like products on enzymatic hydrolysis, ethanol fermentation, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) process has been investigated. the ability of these products to enhance the effectiveness of the ssf process to ethanol of steam-exploded poplar biomass using the thermotolerant strain kluyveromyces marxianus ems-26 has been tested. tween-80 (0.4 g/l) increased enzymatic h ...	1998	18576005
fuel ethanol and high protein feed from corn and corn-whey mixtures in a farm-scale plant.	distiller's wet grain (dwg) and 95% ethanol were produced from corn in a farm-scale process involving batch cooking-fermentation and continuous distillation-centrifugation. the energy balance was 2.26 and the cost was $1.86/gal (1981 cost). to improve the energy balance and reduce costs, various modifications were made in the plant. the first change, back-end (after liquefaction) serial recycling of stillage supernatant at 20 and 40% strengths, produced beers with 0.2 and 0.4% (v/v) more ethanol ...	1983	18574812
studies on the flocculation characteristics of kluyveromyces marxianus.		1986	18555325
comparison between immobilized kluyveromyces fragilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae coimmobilized with beta-galactosidase, with respect to continuous ethanol production from concentrated whey permeate.	kluyveromyces fragilis immobilized in calcium alginate gel was compared to saccharomyces cerevisiae coimmobilized with beta-galactosidase, for continuous ethanol production from whey permeate in packed-bed-type columns. four different whey concentrations were studied, equivalent to 4.5, 10, 15, and 20% lactose, respectively. in all cases the coimmobilized preparation produced more ethanol than k. fragilis. the study went on for more than 5 weeks. k. fragilis showed a decline in activity after 20 ...	1985	18553758
optimizing alcohol production from whey using computer technology.	this study was undertaken with the major goal of optimizing the ethanol production from whey using computer technology. to reach this goal, a mathematical model that would describe the fermentation and that could be used for the optimization was developed. kluyveromyces fragilis was the microorganism used to ferment the lactose in the whey into ethanol. preliminary studies showed that k. fragilis produced about 90% of the theoretical ethanol yield when grown in whey-complemented media. however, ...	1985	18553706
enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin to fructose by glutaraldehyde fixed yeast cells.	inulin, a polyfruction, is found as the reserve carbohydrate in the roots and tubers of various plants (i.e. jerusalem artichoke, chicory, and dahlia tubers). the beta-fructofuranosidase (inulase) from the yeast kluyveromyces fragilis is of interest because of its industrial potential in fructose syrup and alcohol production from inulin containing plants. we have found that the inulase of k. fragilis can be immobilized in the yeast cells by glutaraldehyde treatment. these cells are resistant to ...	1984	18553476
ethanol from whey: continuous fermentation with cell recycle.	the production of ethanol from cheese whey lactose has been demonstrated using a single-stage continuous culture fermentation with 100% cell recycle. in a two-step process, an aerobic fed batch operation was used initially to allow biomass buildup in the absence of inhibitory ethanol concentrations. in the anaerobic ethanol-producing second step, a strain of kluyveromyces fragilis selected on the basis of batch fermentation data had a maximum productivity of 7.1 g ethanol/l/h at a dilution rate ...	1984	18551577
ethanol production from fodder beets.	various yeasts such as two strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharomyces diastaticus, and kluyveromyces marxianus were investigated for their ability to ferment fodder beet juice to alcohol. juice extracted from fodder beet roots without any additives was used as a fermentation substrate. the fermentation kinetic parameters were determined and compared for each species of yeast tested. the best species for fodder beet juice fermentation was chosen and products obtained by fermentation of on ...	1983	18551478
temperature profiles of ethanol tolerance: effects of ethanol on the minimum and the maximum temperatures for growth of the yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae and kluyveromyces fragilis.		1983	18551450
production of biomass and beta-d-galactosidase by candida pseudotropicalis grown in continuous culture on whey.	the production of biomass and beta-d-galactosidase by the lactose-utilizing yeast candida pseudotropicalis ncyc 744 in whey medium was studied. apparent optimization of growth conditions and medium was done in continuous culture. optimal ph and temperature were 2.6 and 36-38 degrees c, respectively, limitations in cu, zn, and possibly mn were detected in deproteinized whey medium. additions of tryptophan stimulated growth of the yeast. under optimal conditions in medium supplemented with excess ...	1983	18548764
conversion of cheese whey to single-cell protein.	thirteen yeast species belonging to nine genera were screened for the production of single-cell protein (scp) using cheese whey as the substrate. cheese whey supplemented with minerals and yeast extract proved to the best medium for yield, lactose utilization, biomass production, and conversion efficiency. production of beta-galactosidase was studied in brettanomyces anomalus, kluyveromyces fragilis, trichosporon cutaneum, and wingea robertsii; the last proved to be the best strain combining hig ...	1983	18548695
the ejector-loop fermenter: description and performance of the apparatus.	a novel fermentation unit, the ejector-loop fermenter (elf), consisting of an outer-loop tower fermenter, a centrifugal pump, a plate-heat exchanger, and a gas-liquid ejector, was designed and constructed. aeration was achieved by continuously recirculating the fermentation medium through two different nozzle devices instead of using the traditional expensive air compressor. by carrying out a whey fermentation with kluyveromyces fragilis as the test organism, either in the elf or in conventional ...	1983	18548625
bioconversion of brewer's spent grains to bioethanol.	spent grains (sg), the residue remaining after extraction of wort, are a major by-product of brewing. this lignocelluose-rich biomass may provide a source of sugars for fuel ethanol fermentations. dilute acid and enzyme treatments were developed to convert the hemicellulose and cellulose fractions to glucose, xylose and arabinose. pretreatment of dried, milled grains with 0.16 n hno(3) at 121 degrees c for 15 min was chosen as the most suitable method for solubilizing grains before enzymatic dig ...	2008	18547331
continuous ethanol production from jerusalem artichoke tubers. ii. use of immobilized cells of kluyveromyces marxianus.	kluyveromyces marxianus ucd (fst) 55-82 cells were immobilized in na alginate beads and used in a packed-bed bioreactor system for the continuous production of ethanol from the extract of jerusalem artichoke tubers. volumetric ethanol productivities of 104 and 80 g ethanol/ l/h were obtained at 80 and 92% sugar utilization, respectively. the maximum volumetric ethanol productivity of the immobilized cell bioreactor system was found to be 15 times higher than that of an ordinary-stirred-tank (cst ...	1982	18546450
continuous ethanol production from jerusalem artichoke tubers. i. use of free cells of kluyveromyces marxianus.	the continuous fermentation of jerusalem artichoke juice to ethanol by free cells of kluyveromyces marxianus ucd (fst) 55-82 has been studied in a continuous-stirred-tank bioreactor at 35 degrees c and ph 4.6. a maximum yield of 90% of the theoretical was obtained at a dilution rate of 0.05 h(-1). about 95% of the sugars were utilized at dilution rates lower than 0.15 h(-1). volumetric ethanol productivity and volumetric biomass productivity reached maximum values of 7 g etoh/l/h and 0.6 g dry w ...	1982	18546449
simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of kanlow switchgrass pretreated by hydrothermolysis using kluyveromyces marxianus imb4.	a thermotolerant yeast strain named kluyveromyces marxianus imb4 was used in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) process using kanlow switchgrass as a feedstock. switchgrass was pretreated using hydrothermolysis at 200 degrees c for 10 min. after pretreatment, insoluble solids were separated from the liquid prehydrolyzate by filtration and washed with deionized water to remove soluble sugars and inhibitors. insoluble solids were then hydrolyzed using a commercial cellulase pre ...	2008	18546418
ethanol production from jerusalem artichoke tubers (helianthus tuberosus) using kluyveromyces marxianus and saccharomyces rosei.	this article examines the potential of jerusalem artichoke as a source for ethanol and single-cell protein scp. in addition, experimental results are presented on batch fermentation kinetics employing two strains of kluyveromyces marxianus and one strain of saccharomyces rosei grown on the extract derived from the tubers of jerusalem artichoke. of the three cultures examined, kluyveromyces marxianus ucd (fst) 55-82 was found to be the best producer of ethanol grown in a simple medium at 35 degre ...	1982	18546381
ethanol production from henequen (agave fourcroydes lem.) juice and molasses by a mixture of two yeasts.	in the fermentation process of henequen (agave fourcroydes lem.) leaf juice, complemented with industrial molasses, the use of an inoculum comprising two yeasts: kluyveromyces marxianus (isolated from the henequen plant) and saccharomyces cerevisiae (commercial strain) was studied. an ethanol production of 5.22+/-1.087% v/v was obtained. contrary to expected, a decrease on ethanol production was observed with the use of the k. marxianus strain. the best results were obtained when a mixture of 25 ...	2008	18524573
extraction of inulinase obtained by solid state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse by kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-7571.	production of inulinase by solid state fermentation always involves an extraction step, which dictates enzyme recovery yield and is related to cultivation conditions and control of process parameters. this work is focused on the study of extraction conditions aiming to maximize yield of an inulinase obtained by solid state fermentation of sugar cane bagasse and kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-7571. kinetics of extraction was followed varying the kind of solvent used. after determining the best so ...	2008	18500581
identification of yeast and bacteria involved in the mezcal fermentation of agave salmiana.	aims: to identify the yeast and bacteria present in the mezcal fermentation from agave salmiana. methods and results: the restriction and sequence analysis of the amplified region, between 18s and 28s rdna and 16s rdna genes, were used for the identification of yeast and bacteria, respectively. eleven different micro-organisms were identified in the mezcal fermentation. three of them were the following yeast: clavispora lusitaniae, pichia fermentans and kluyveromyces marxianus. the bacteria foun ...	2008	18489025
effects of carbon and nitrogen sources and oxygenation on the production of inulinase by kluyveromyces marxianus.	cultivations of kluyveromyces marxianus var. bulgaricus atcc 16045 were performed on both minimal and complex media using different carbon and nitrogen sources either in the presence or absence of aeration. the results collected were worked out and compared so as to provide a useful contribution to the optimization of inulinase production. kinetics of extracellular inulinase release were similar on glucose, fructose, and sucrose. inulinase was detected at basal level since the beginning of batch ...	2009	18483875
amphotericin b-metronidazole combination against candida spp.	oropharyngeal candidiasis (opc) remains a common opportunistic infection in hiv-infected patients. candida albicans is the most frequent causative agent of opc. however, non-albicans spp. are being increasingly isolated. candidal cell wall proteins and mannoproteins play important roles in the biology and patogenesis of candidiasis. in the present study, we have analyzed the proteinaceous components associated with cell wall extracts from c. albicans, candida tropicalis, candida pseudotropicalis ...	1998	18473531
inulinase production in a batch bioreactor using agroindustrial residues as the substrate: experimental data and modeling.	the production of inulinase employing agroindustrial residues as the substrate is a good alternative to reduce production costs and to minimize the environmental impact of disposing these residues in the environment. this study focused on the use of a phenomenological model and an artificial neural network (ann) to simulate the inulinase production during the batch cultivation of the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-7571, employing a medium containing agroindustrial residues such as molasses ...	2009	18449567
hydrolysis of whey lactose using ctab-permeabilized yeast cells.	disposal of lactose in whey and whey permeates is one of the most significant problems with regard to economics and environmental impact faced by the dairy industries. the enzymatic hydrolysis of whey lactose to glucose and galactose by beta-galactosidase constitutes the basis of the most biotechnological processes currently developed to exploit the sugar content of whey. keeping this in view, lactose hydrolysis in whey was performed using ctab permeabilized kluyveromyces marxianus cells. permea ...	2009	18431601
the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus and its biotechnological potential.	strains belonging to the yeast species kluyveromyces marxianus have been isolated from a great variety of habitats, which results in a high metabolic diversity and a substantial degree of intraspecific polymorphism. as a consequence, several different biotechnological applications have been investigated with this yeast: production of enzymes (beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, inulinase, and polygalacturonases, among others), of single-cell protein, of aroma compounds, and of ethanol (includi ...	2008	18427804
yeast biomass production in brewery's spent grains hemicellulosic hydrolyzate.	yeast single-cell protein and yeast extract, in particular, are two products which have many feed, food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications. however, many of these applications are limited by their market price. specifically, the yeast extract requirements for culture media are one of the major technical hurdles to be overcome for the development of low-cost fermentation routes for several top value chemicals in a biorefinery framework. a potential biotechnical solution is the pro ...	2008	18418745
synthesis, raman, ft-ir, nmr spectroscopic data and antimicrobial activity of mixed aza-oxo-thia macrocyclic compounds.	mixed aza-oxo-thia macrocyclic ligands 1,3,5,11,13,15-hexaaza-6,10,16,20-tetraoxo-8,18-dithia-2,3,4:12,13,14-dipyridine cyclocosane (l(1)); 1,3,5,12,14,16-hexeaza-6,11,17,22-tetraoxo-8,9,19,20-tetrathia-2,3,4:13,14,15-dipyridine cyclodocosane (l(2)); 1,3,5,13,15,17-hexaaza-6,12,18,24-tetraoxo-9,21-dithia-2,3,4:14,15,16-dipyridine cyclotetracosane (l(3)) and 1,3,5,14,16,18-hexaaza-6,13,19,26-tetraoxo-9,10,22,23-tetrathia-2,3,4:15,16,17-dipyridine cyclohexacosane (l(4)) were synthesised. the struc ...	2009	18417256
development of a stable continuous flow immobilized enzyme reactor for the hydrolysis of inulin.	a 23.5-fold purified exoinulinase with a specific activity of 413 iu/mg and covalently immobilized on duolite a568 has been used for the development of a continuous flow immobilized enzyme reactor for the hydrolysis of inulin. in a packed bed reactor containing 72 iu of exoinulinase from kluyveromyces marxianus ys-1, inulin solution (5%, ph 5.5) with a flow rate of 4 ml/h was completely hydrolyzed at 55 degrees c. the reactor was run continuously for 75 days and its experimental half-life was 72 ...	2008	18389297
production of extracellular exoinulinase from kluyveromyces marxianus ys-1 using root tubers of asparagus officinalis.	root tubers of asparagus officinalis were used as a source of raw inulin for the production of exoinulinase (ec 3.2.1.7) from kluyveromyces marxianus ys-1. root extract prepared at 10kg/cm2 pressure for 10min showed maximum inulinase production. medium components and process parameters were standardized to improve the enzyme production. inulinase yield of 40.2iu/ml in a medium containing raw inulin (3.5%), beef extract (2%), sds (0.001%), mn2+ (2.0mm), mg2+ (1.5mm), co2+ (2mm) and ph 6.5 has bee ...	2008	18280145
population diversity of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria in pig feed fermented with whey, wet wheat distillers' grains, or water at different temperatures.	the diversity of populations of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (lab) in pig feeds fermented at 10, 15, or 20 degrees c was characterized by rrna gene sequencing of isolates. the feeds consisted of a cereal grain mix blended with wet wheat distillers' grains (wwdg feed), whey (w feed), or tap water (wat feed). fermentation proceeded for 5 days without disturbance, followed by 14 days of daily simulated feed outtakes, in which 80% of the contents were replaced with fresh feed mixtures. in wwdg fee ...	2008	18223110
dna microarray based on arrayed-primer extension technique for identification of pathogenic fungi responsible for invasive and superficial mycoses.	an oligonucleotide microarray based on the arrayed-primer extension (apex) technique has been developed to simultaneously identify pathogenic fungi frequently isolated from invasive and superficial infections. species-specific oligonucleotide probes complementary to the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (its1 and its2) region were designed for 24 species belonging to 10 genera, including candida species (candida albicans, candida dubliniensis, candida famata, candida glabrata, candida tropical ...	2008	18160452
lactic acid production by mixed cultures of kluyveromyces marxianus, lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and lactobacillus helveticus.	lactic acid production using kluyveromyces marxianus (ifo 288), lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (atcc 11842) and lactobacillus helveticus (atcc 15009) individually or as mixed culture on cheese whey in stirred or static fermentation conditions was evaluated. lactic acid production, residual sugar and cell biomass were the main features examined. increased lactic acid production was observed, when mixed cultures were used in comparison to individual ones. the highest lactic acid concent ...	2008	18155517
determination of killer activity in yeasts isolated from the elaboration of seasoned green table olives.	in this work 51 yeasts strains isolated from seasoned green table olives and belonging to the candida, debaryomyces, kluyveromyces, pichia, and saccharomyces genera were characterized by their killer activity in different conditions. killer activity of isolates was analyzed in a medium with different ph's (3.5 to 8.5) and nacl concentrations (5, 8, and 10%). at every ph tested, all the genera studied had killer strains, although the smallest percentages of killer yeasts were found at the highest ...	2008	18077043
partial purification and characterization of exoinulinase from kluyveromyces marxianus ys-1 for preparation of high-fructose syrup.	an extracellular exoinulinase (2,1-beta-d fructan fructanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.7), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of inulin into fructose and glucose, was purified 23.5-fold by ethanol precipitation, followed by sephadex g-100 gel permeation from a cell-free extract of kluyveromyces marxianus ys-1. the partially purified enzyme exhibited considerable activity between ph 5 to 6, with an optimum ph of 5.5, while it remained stable (100%) for 3 h at the optimum temperature of 50 degrees c. mn2+ and ...	2007	18051293
characterization of the superoxide dismutase sod1 gene of kluyveromyces marxianus l3 and improved production of sod activity.	superoxide dismutase (sod) activity is one major defense line against oxidative stress for all of the aerobic organisms, and industrial production of this enzyme is highly demanded. the cu/zn superoxide dismutase gene (kmsod1) of kluyveromyces marxianus l3 was cloned and characterized. the deduced kmsod1p protein shares 86% and 71% of identity with kluyveromyces lactis and saccharomyces cerevisiae sod1p, respectively. the characteristic motifs and the amino acid residues involved in coordinating ...	2008	18040680
purification and characterization of the enantioselective esterase from kluyveromyces marxianus cbs 1553.	an intracellular esterase from the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus cbs 1553 with interesting enantioselective hydrolytic activity towards racemic esters of 1,2-o-isopropylidene glycerol (ipg) was purified and characterized. optimal culture conditions for the obtainment of the enantioselective esterase on a 5 l-fermentation scale were investigated. two esterase activities (est1 and est2) in the crude cell extract were identified by native page with specific activity staining and separated from each ...	2008	18029043
molecular characterization of kluyveromyces marxianus strains isolated from agave fourcroydes (lem.) in yucatan, mexico.	the molecular characterization of 14 strains of kluyveromyces marxianus isolated from agave fourcroydes (lem.) in yucatan, mexico, was performed by ap-pcr analysis, pcr-rflp of 5.8s-its, and complete nts regions. a sequence analysis of the d1/d2 domain of the 26s rdna was also carried out in six selected strains. the ap-pcr approach had the highest discrimination power for the molecular characterization of new henequen k. marxianus strains. pcr-rflp of 5.8s-its regions did not reveal polymorphis ...	2007	17952662
[identification and biodiversity of yeasts isolated from koumiss in xinjiang of china].	a total of 87 yeast strains were isolated from 28 home-made koumiss samples, a traditional fermented mare milk product in xinjiang of china. the isolates were identified by standard physiological and biochemical tests and analysis of the large-subunit (26s) rdna gene d1/d2 domain sequences. they are proved to be saccharomyces unisporus (48.3% of the isolates), kluyveromyces marxianus (27.6%) and pichia membranaefaciens (15.0%), saccharomyces cerevisiae (9.2%). among them, six isolates and a stan ...	2007	17944353
preparation and kinetic behavior of immobilized whole cell biocatalysts.	actinoplanes missouriensis (for glucose isomerase), kluyveromyces fragilis (for beta-galactosidase), and saccharomyces cerevisiae (for invertase) cells were successfully entrapped within cellulose and cellulose di- and triacetate beads employing several carried solvent systems. cellulose beads prepared using a melt of dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) and n-ethylpyridinium chloride (nepc), or cellulose diacetate using a mixture of acetone and dmso as solvent, were found to be promising as carriers for th ...	1980	17941448
mixed cultures of serratia marcescens and kluyveromyces fragilis for simultaneous protease production and cod removal of whey.	the aim of this study was to investigate the behaviour of a serratia marcescens-kluyveromyces fragilis mixed culture in whey, with the objective of proteases production and organic waste reduction.	2007	17897188
new ethacridine derivatives as the potential antifungal and antibacterial preparations.	until the 20th century fungal infections were rather easy cured, and the need of new antifungal drugs was low. however, low choice of antifungal preparations, their toxicity, limited spectrum of action, and ability to produce resistant strains show the need of new effective medicines for systemic fungal diseases in nowadays. our goal of research was to synthesize new antimicrobial compounds containing three or more pharmacophores in one molecule. the initial 5-substituted-2-methylmercaptothiazol ...	2007	17895642
correlation of posaconazole minimum fungicidal concentration and time kill test against nine candida species.	we evaluated the in vitro activity of posaconazole against nine candida species using minimum fungicidal concentration (mfc) measurements and time-kill methods.	2007	17875607
the pan-ac assay: a single-reaction real-time pcr test for quantitative detection of a broad range of aspergillus and candida species.	in view of the growing incidence and the high mortality of invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis, adequate diagnostic techniques permitting timely onset of treatment are of paramount importance. more than 90 % of all invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised individuals can be attributed to candida and aspergillus species. to date, standardized techniques permitting rapid, sensitive and, no less importantly, economic screening for the clinically most relevant fungi are lacking. in the pre ...	2007	17761478
production of high fructose syrup from asparagus inulin using immobilized exoinulinase from kluyveromyces marxianus ys-1.	extracellular exoinulinase from kluyveromyces marxianus ys-1, which hydrolyzes inulin into fructose, was immobilized on duolite a568 after partial purification by ethanol precipitation and gel exclusion chromatography on sephadex g-100. optimum temperature of immobilized enzyme was 55 degrees c, which was 5 degrees c higher than the free enzyme and optimal ph was 5.5. immobilized biocatalyst retained more than 90% of its original activity after incubation at 60 degrees c for 3 h, whereas in free ...	2007	17665236
lactic acid bacteria and yeasts associated with gowé production from sorghum in bénin.	to identify the dominant micro-organisms involved in the production of gowé, a fermented beverage, and to select the most appropriate species for starter culture development.	2007	17650194
purification and properties of a beta-galactosidase with potential application as a digestive supplement.	functional-based screening of crude beta-galactosidase activities from 42 yeast strains resulted in the selection of a single enzyme of potential interest as a digestive supplement. beta-galactosidase produced by kluyveromyces marxianus dsm5418 was purified to homogeneity by a combination of gel filtration, ion-exchange, and hydroxylapatite chromatographies. the denatured (123 kda) and native molecular masses (251 kda) suggest that the enzyme is a homodimer. the optimum ph and temperature of the ...	2007	17625262
application of the cre-loxp system for multiple gene disruption in the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus.	the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus presents several interesting features that make this species a promising industrial yeast for the production of several compounds. in order to take full advantage of this yeast and its particular properties, proper tools for gene disruption and metabolic engineering are needed. the cre-loxp system is a very versatile tool that allows for gene marker rescue, resulting in mutant strains free of exogenous selective markers, which is a very important aspect for indu ...	2007	17624462
comparison of yeast strains for batch ethanol fermentation of cheese-whey powder (cwp) solution.	to test the suitability of cheese whey powder (cwp) solution for ethanol fermentation and to compare performances of different kluyveromyces marxianus strains for ethanol fermentation from cwp solution.	2007	17576220
epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of candida spp. to six antifungal agents: results from a surveillance study on fungaemia in germany from july 2004 to august 2005.	data on fungal infections occurring in germany are rare to date. the aim of the present study was to survey the epidemiological situation in germany, to provide data on the susceptibility of the fungal isolates to antifungals.	2007	17562683
ce separation of proteins and yeasts dynamically modified by peg pyrenebutanoate with fluorescence detection.	the optimized protocols of the bioanalytes separation, proteins and yeasts, dynamically modified by the nonionogenic tenside peg pyrenebutanoate, were applied in cze and cief with the acidic gradient in ph range 2-5.5, both with fluorescence detection. peg pyrenebutanoate was used as a buffer additive for a dynamic modification of proteins and/or yeast samples. the narrow peaks of modified analytes were detected. the values of the pi's of the labeled proteins were calculated using new fluorescen ...	2007	17557360
production of fuel ethanol at high temperature from sugar cane juice by a newly isolated kluyveromyces marxianus.	kluyveromyces marxianus dmku 3-1042, isolated by an enrichment technique in a sugar cane juice medium supplemented with 4% (w/v) ethanol at 35 degrees c, produced high concentrations of ethanol at both 40 and 45 degrees c. ethanol production by this strain in shaking flask cultivation in sugar cane juice media at 37 degrees c was highest in a medium containing 22% total sugars, 0.05% (nh(4))(2)so(4), 0.05% kh(2)po(4), and 0.15% mgso(4).7h(2)o and having a ph of 5.0; the ethanol concentration rea ...	2007	17537627
evaluation of albicans id2 and biggy agar for the isolation and direct identification of vaginal yeast isolates.	in this study, 250 vaginal samples from patients with vulvovaginal candidosis were inoculated onto two chromogenic media, albicans id(2) and biggy agar, as well as onto sabouraud chloramphenicol agar, yielding a total of 63 yeast (25.2 %) on all three media. these strains were identified as candida glabrata in 20 (31.8 %) samples, candida albicans in 15 samples (23.8 %), candida tropicalis in 10 samples (15.9 %), candida krusei in five samples (7.9 %), candida kefyr in five samples (7.9 %), cand ...	2007	17510260
comparison of the gene expression patterns of alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in the thermotolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus and their physiological functions.	four genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) isozymes in the thermotolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus, a potent candidate for ethanol production at high temperatures, were investigated. of these, kmadh3 and kmadh4 were cloned and sequenced, and their deduced amino acid sequences were compared with those of kmadh1 and kmadh2 and other adhs of kluyveromyces lactis and saccharomyces cerevisiae. the four kmadhs had high sequence similarity, though kmadh3 and kmadh4 possessed an amino-terminal ...	2007	17485854
construction of thermotolerant yeast expressing thermostable cellulase genes.	kluyveromyces marxianus nbrc1777 was identified as a thermotolerant yeast and was developed as a host for the expression of thermostable cellulase genes. the previously isolated genes for thermostable endo-beta-1,4-glucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and beta-glucosidase were introduced into the chromosome of k. marxianus and successfully expressed under the control of high-expression promoters. the recombinant k. marxianus expressing cellulase genes became able to grow in synthetic medium containing ...	2007	17433483
effect of kluyveromyces marxianus yit 8292 crude cell wall fraction on serum lipids in normocholesterolemic and mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects.	the hypocholesterolemic effects of kluyveromyces marxianus yit 8292 crude cell wall (km-cw) were examined. in pilot studies, km-cw tablets were administered to mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects at doses of 8.0, 4.0, 2.0, or 1.0 g/d for 4 weeks. total cholesterol (tc) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c) decreased at doses above 2.0 and 4.0 g/d, respectively. further, we examined the effect of intake of yogurt containing 3.0 or 4.0 g of km-cw/d for 8 weeks in normal and hypercholest ...	2007	17420604
yeast pyruvate decarboxylases: variation in biocatalytic characteristics for (r)-phenylacetylcarbinol production.	based on previous studies, candida utilis pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) proved to be a stable and high productivity enzyme for the production (r)-phenylacetylcarbinol (pac), a pharmaceutical precursor. however, a portion of the substrate pyruvate was lost to by-product formation. to identify a source of pdc which might overcome this problem, strains of four yeasts -- c. utilis, candida tropicalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and kluyveromyces marxianus -- were investigated for their pdc biocatalytic ...	2007	17311582
gene expression and biochemical analysis of cheese-ripening yeasts: focus on catabolism of l-methionine, lactate, and lactose.	dna microarrays of 86 genes from the yeasts debaryomyces hansenii, kluyveromyces marxianus, and yarrowia lipolytica were developed to determine which genes were expressed in a medium mimicking a cheese-ripening environment. these genes were selected for potential involvement in lactose/lactate catabolism and the biosynthesis of sulfur-flavored compounds. hybridization conditions to follow specifically the expression of homologous genes belonging to different species were set up. the microarray w ...	2007	17308183
the influence of a pulsating electric field on selenium accumulation in kluyveromyces marxianus cells.	k. marxianus was cultivated under conditions of pef (pulse electric field) action and a selenium source. the culture duration after which cells were treated with pef, the field exposure time and the selenium concentration in the medium were all optimized. optimization of culture duration caused a 33% increase in selenium accumulation in cells as compared to the control with no pef treatment. the highest selenium accumulation--about 167 microg/g dry mass (dm)--was recorded after 3-minute pef trea ...	2007	17304619
modelling thermal stability and activity of free and immobilized enzymes as a novel tool for enzyme reactor design.	in this work, a novel method is proposed to establish the most suitable operational temperature for an enzyme reactor. the method was based on mathematical modelling of the thermal stability and activity of the enzyme and was developed using thermodynamic concepts and experimental data from free and immobilized inulinases (2,1-beta-d fructan frutanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.7) from kluyveromyces marxianus, which were used as examples. the model was, therefore, designed to predict the enzyme activity w ...	2007	17254780
physiology of the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus during batch and chemostat cultures with glucose as the sole carbon source.	growth, substrate consumption, metabolite formation, biomass composition and respiratory parameters of kluyveromyces marxianus atcc 26548 were determined during aerobic batch and chemostat cultivations, using mineral medium with glucose as the sole carbon source, at 30 degrees c and ph 5.0. carbon balances closed within 95-101% in all experiments. a maximum specific growth rate of 0.56 h(-1), a biomass yield on glucose of 0.51 g g(-1), and a maximum specific consumption of oxygen of 11.1 mmol g( ...	2007	17233766
identification and characterization of yeast isolated from the elaboration of seasoned green table olives.	the purpose of this study was to investigate the yeast population during the processing of green table olives. in the fresh olives, yeast were found at concentrations of around 3.0 log cfu/g, with cryptococcus spp. being predominant. in the brine, the yeast concentrations were greater than 4.9 log cfu/ml, with pichia anomala, kluyveromyces marxianus, and saccharomyces cerevisiae being the predominant species. unlike the yeast isolated from the fresh olives, the strains obtained from the olive br ...	2007	17189760
synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of fe(ii), zn(ii), cd(ii) and hg(ii) complexes with 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl) pyridine ligand.	2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine (l) ligand and complexes [m(l)cl(2)] and [fe(l)(2)](clo(4))(2) (m=zn, cd, hg) have been synthesized. the geometries of the [m(l)cl(2)] complexes were derived from theoretical calculation in dgauss/dft level (dzvp basis set) on cache. the central m(ii) ion is penta-coordinated and surrounded by n(3)cl(2) environment, adopting a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. the ligand is tridentate, via three nitrogen atoms to metal centre and two chloride ions lie on ...	2007	17189664
continuous ethanol fermentation of cheese whey powder solution: effects of hydraulic residence time.	continuous ethanol fermentation of cheese whey powder solution was realized using pure culture of kluyveromyces marxianus (dsmz 7239) at hydraulic residence times (hrt) between 12.5 and 60 h. sugar utilization, ethanol and biomass formation were investigated as functions of hrt. effluent sugar concentration decreased, but percent sugar utilization, ethanol and biomass concentrations increased with hrt. ethanol productivity was maximum (0.745 ge l(-1)h(-1)) at an hrt of 43.2 h where the biomass p ...	2007	17143639
kinetics of batch ethanol fermentation of cheese-whey powder (cwp) solution as function of substrate and yeast concentrations.	a lactose utilizing yeast strain, kluyveromyces marxianus dsmz-7239 was used for ethanol formation from cheese-whey powder (cwp) solution in batch experiments. effects of initial substrate (cwp) and yeast concentrations on the rate and extent of ethanol formation were investigated. the initial ph and oxidation-reduction potential (orp) was kept at 5 and -250 mv, respectively. the rate and extent of ethanol formation increased with increasing cwp concentration up to 156 g l(-1) (75 g l(-1) sugar) ...	2007	17118651
in vitro effects of micafungin against candida biofilms on polystyrene and central venous catheter sections.	long-term inserted and surgically implanted catheters can be colonised by candida spp. candida biofilms in vitro are often resistant to antifungal agents. the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of micafungin (mfg) against six candida spp. biofilms on polystyrene (ps) and central venous catheter (cvc) sections. safranin staining and differential interference contrast microscopy were used to demonstrate biofilm production. mfg activity was determined by the reduction in met ...	2006	17101265
kinetic parameters and thermodynamic values of beta-xylosidase production by kluyveromyces marxianus.	kinetic parameters for production of beta-xylosidase by kluyveromyces marxianus were determined in growth media containing glucose, xylose, cellobiose, sucrose and lactose as carbon sources. k. marxianus achieved maximum beta-xylosidase specific product yield (y(p/x)) when grown on xylose. basal level of activity was achieved in cultures grown on glucose. kinetic parameters of enzyme production and cell mass formation were correlated. enzyme synthesis was regulated by an induction mechanism and ...	2007	17098425
optimization of medium and process parameters for the production of inulinase from a newly isolated kluyveromyces marxianus ys-1.	a newly isolated strain of kluyveromyces marxianus ys-1 was used for the production of extra cellular inulinase in a medium containing inulin, meat extract, cacl2 and sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds). fermentation medium ph 6.5, cultivation temperature 30 degrees c and 5% (v/v) inoculum of 12 h-old culture were optimal for enzyme production (30.8 iu/ml) with a fermentation time of 72 h at shake flask level. raw inulin (2%, w/v) extracted from dahlia tubers by processing at 15 kg/cm2 for 10 min was ...	2007	17071081
manufacture of a beverage from cheese whey using a "tea fungus" fermentation.	kombucha is a sour beverage reported to have potential health effects prepared from the fermentation of black tea and sugar with a "tea fungus", a symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. although black tea is the preferred substrate for kombucha fermentation, other beverages have also been tested as substrates with fair results. cheese whey is a by-product with a good amount of fermentable lactose that has been used before in the production of beverages, so the objective of this st ...	2003	17061515
asymmetric reduction of o-chloroacetophenone with candida pseudotropicalis 104.	the asymmetric reduction of o-chloroacetophenone 1 with candida pseudotropicalis 104 produced the corresponding (s)-1-(2-chloro-phenyl)-ethanol 2 with the enantiomeric excess (ee >99%) without addition of any cosolvent. the cell could tolerate high ketone 1 concentration of 233.8 mmol/l (i.e., 36 g/l) with considerable reduction activity in this method. the product 2 concentration achieved 38.9 and 58.4 mmol/l with cells of 40 and 60 g(dcw) (dry cell weight)/l, respectively, in 24 h. the optimum ...	2006	17022667
global surveillance of in vitro activity of micafungin against candida: a comparison with caspofungin by clsi-recommended methods.	micafungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent that has recently been approved for the prevention of invasive fungal infection and the treatment of esophageal candidiasis. prospective sentinel surveillance for the emergence of in vitro resistance to micafungin among invasive candida sp. isolates is indicated. we determined the in vitro activity of micafungin against 2,656 invasive (bloodstream or sterile site) unique patient isolates of candida spp. collected from 60 medical centers worldwide in ...	2006	17021079
a reverse transcriptase pcr technique for the detection and viability assessment of kluyveromyces marxianus in yoghurt.	a fast and sensitive reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) method was developed for the detection of viable kluyveromyces marxianus in yoghurt. yeast-specific primers were used with the rt-pcr to evaluate the suitability of 18s rrna as a target for the detection of viable yeasts in pure culture and yoghurt. the rt-pcr assay was able to detect down to 10(2) cfu ml(-1) in yoghurt samples contaminated with viable yeast cells. application of the rt-pcr method to commercial yoghurt samples demonstrated ...	2006	16995526
sequential gene integration for the engineering of kluyveromyces marxianus.	the attributes of the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus (rapid growth rate at high temperature, utilization of a wide range of inexpensive carbon sources) make it a promising industrial host for the synthesis of protein and non-protein products. however, no stable multicopy plasmids are currently available for long-term culture of k. marxianus. to allow the stable genetic/metabolic engineering of k. marxianus, a method for integrating precise numbers of the same or different genes was developed for ...	2007	16982106
the crystal and solution structures of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reveal different quaternary structures.	the presence of an isoform of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (kmgapdh1p) associated with the cell wall of a flocculent strain of kluyveromyces marxianus was the first report of a non-cytosolic localization of a glycolytic enzyme, but the mechanism by which the protein is transported to the cell surface is not known. to identify structural features that could account for the multiple localizations of the protein, the three-dimensional structure of kmgapdh1p was determined by x-ray cryst ...	2006	16963457
identification of yeasts associated with milk products using traditional and molecular techniques.	an integrated approach including phenotypic (morphological, biochemical and physiological characterization) and genotypic (rapd-pcr, sequencing of d1/d2 domain of 26s rrna encoding gene) methods was used for the identification of yeasts isolated from different milk products. there were 513 isolates in all, 460 ascomycetous and 53 basidiomycetous yeasts. the yeast isolates were characterized on the basis of their biochemical and physiological properties, and the d1/d2 domain of 26s rdna was seque ...	2006	16943023
iron enriched yeast biomass--a promising mineral feed supplement.	yeast biomass enriched with iron could represent a new and safer solution for prevention from anaemia development. such an iron source is less toxic and has better absorbability in organisms. the purpose of our research was the determination of the most suitable iron source in the cultivation medium for the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, regarding good growth and iron accumulation in cells. iron(iii) citrate, iron(iii) chloride, iron(iii) nitrate and fe-edta complex were used. the uptake of the ...	2007	16935492
inulinase production by kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-7571 using solid state fermentation.	inulinase is an enzyme relevant to fructose production by enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin. this enzyme is also applied in the production of fructo-oligosaccharides that may be used as a new food functional ingredient. commercial inulinase is currently obtained using inulin as substrate, which is a relatively expensive raw material. in brazil, the production of this enzyme using residues of sugarcane and corn industry (sugarcane bagasse, molasses, and corn steep liquor) is economically attractive, ...	2006	16915703
inulin-containing biomass for ethanol production: carbohydrate extraction and ethanol fermentation.	the use of stalks instead of tubers as a source of carbohydrates for ethanol production has been investigated. the inulin present in the stalks of jerusalem artichoke was extracted with water and the effect of solid-liquid ratio, temperature, and acid addition was studied and optimized in order to attain a high-fructose fermentable extract. the maximum extraction efficiency (corresponding to 35 g/l) of soluble sugars was obtained at 1/6 solid-liquid ratio. fermentations of hydrolyzed extracts by ...	2006	16915700
fermentative production of superoxide dismutase with kluyveromyces marxianus.	this work sought to develop a fermentative process for the microbial production of superoxide dismutase (sod), to overcome extraction from animal tissues. twenty-eight wild-type yeast strains were screened for sod productivity. kluyveromyces marxianus l3 showed the highest sod activity (62 u mg(-1)) and was used for process development. oxidative stress conditions and parameters affecting oxygen transfer rate were exploited to improve production. the effects of dilution rate (0.067 vs 0.2 h(-1)) ...	2007	16909269
is candida kefyr an emerging pathogen in patients with oncohematological diseases?		2006	16886166