Publications

intake and performance of lactating cows grazing diverse forage mixtures.	twenty multiparous holstein cows in midlactation grazed pastures of 4 forage mixtures in a 12-wk study repeated during 2 grazing seasons to determine if forage mixture complexity affected intake and productivity of lactating dairy cows. the forage mixtures were 1) orchardgrass plus white clover [2 species (sp)]; 2) orchardgrass, white clover, and chicory (3sp); 3) orchardgrass, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, red clover, birdsfoot trefoil, and chicory (6sp); and 4) 6sp mixture plus white clover ...	2006	16702282
phytotoxicity data safeguard the performance of the recipient plants in leachate irrigation.	leachates from an operating and a closed landfill were examined for their phytotoxicity by seed germination/root elongation tests using seeds of brassica chinensis and lolium perenne. their ec50s ranged from 3% to 46% v/v, which varied remarkably with the operating status of the landfills. seedlings of twelve tree species were grown in pots, which were irrigated with landfill leachate at the ec50 levels, with tap water as control. no tree mortality or growth inhibition was observed after 90 days ...	2007	16701930
isotopic fractionation associated with symbiotic n(2) fixation and uptake of no(3) by plants.	isotopic fractionation associated with n(2) fixation and no(3) (-) uptake by plants are relevant to the accuracy of estimates of n(2) fixation based on differences in the natural abundance of (15)n between n(2) fixing and nonfixing plants. the isotope effect on n(2) fixation by soybeans (glycine max [l] merrill, variety harosoy) and red clover (trifolium pratense [l]) was determined from the difference in (15)n abundance between atmospheric n(2) and the total n of plants grown hydroponically wit ...	1980	16661392
infection rates of perennial ryegrass seeds (lolium perenne l.) with different fungi.	authors made investigations to map occurrence of different fungal pathogens on seeds of varieties from different grass species. this work presents data on three cultivars of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). when seeds were germinated, eight genuses of fungi were identified belonging to the deuteromycota. alternaria was the most frequently occurred genus. drechslera, bipolaris, cladosporium, stemphylium, and epicoccum spp. has also been found in the seed samples. two genus of fungal pathog ...	2005	16637199
surveys of new and rare microfungi in the düsseltal (north rhine-westphalia)--germany.	in the years 2003 and 2004 we have observed an about 70 hectare large area in the düsseltal, the eastern part of the neandertal in north rhine-westphalia. there we collected on trees, bushes and herbs and found about 150 microfungi of which some are new for germany or the entire world. e.g.: pseudocercospora populigena n. ale-agha, u. braun & g.b. feige on populus berolinensis; vialaea insculpta (fr.) sacc. on ilex aquifolium l.; passalora amelopsidis (peck.) u. braun on parthenocissus quinquefo ...	2005	16637187
an easy and rapid method using microscopy to determine herbicide effects in poaceae weed species.	a new, easy, rapid and relatively inexpensive method using microscopy has been developed for the detection of herbicide effects in leaves of grass weed species displaying no visual signs of damage. the method has potential to be used as a tool to indicate future death of grass species due to herbicide exposure by observing phytochemical effects, i.e. early-warning effects. in the present study, apera spica-venti (l.) beauv., bromus hordeaceus l., alopecurus myosuroides huds., lolium perenne l. a ...	2006	16628541
degradation of perennial ryegrass leaf and stem cell walls by the anaerobic fungus neocallimastix sp. strain cs3b.	the degradation of cell walls isolated from stems and leaves of perennial ryegrass by the anaerobic fungus neocallimastix sp. strain cs3b was studied in a defined medium. the combined cellulose and hemicellulose fraction represented 53.1 (wt/wt) and 63.3% (wt/wt) of the dry weight of control grass leaf and stem cell walls, respectively. in both leaf and stem cell walls, glucose was the major neutral monosaccharide, followed by xylose, arabinose, and galactose. after 2 days of fermentation with n ...	1996	16535297
interrelationships between acremonium lolii, peramine, and lolitrem b in perennial ryegrass.	perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) is commonly infected with the endophytic fungus acremonium lolii in a mutualistic relationship. the fungus produces a number of alkaloids, some of which are responsible for causing livestock disorders and/or for conferring insect resistance to the host grass. little is known about the interrelationship between fungal growth and alkaloid production in the ryegrass plant and how this varies throughout the year. the concentrations of a. lolii and two of its al ...	1995	16535001
effects of amount of intake and stage of forage maturity on urinary allantoin excretion and estimated microbial crude protein synthesis in the rumen of steers.	using ruminally cannulated steers, we investigated how urinary allantoin excretion was related to variations in feed intake and stage of forage maturity. further, different approaches were compared for predicting ruminal microbial crude protein (mcp) synthesis and its efficiency. experimental diets were arranged in a replicated 3 x 3 latin square design (experiment 1) and a 4 x 4 latin square design (experiment 2). in experiment 1, a mixed diet [forage to concentrate, 68:32 on a dry matter (dm) ...	2006	16519758
a high throughput agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for functional genomics of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.).	a robust and high throughput agrobacterium genetic transformation procedure has been developed for perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). embryogenic callus lines were selected and maintained as plants in vitro. embryogenic calli derived from meristematic regions of the vegetative tillers were co-cultivated with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101 carrying the plasmid pcambia 1305.1 in the presence of acetosyringone for 3-4 days. the calli were grown under 94.8 and 151.6 microm hygromycin s ...	2006	16518636
reactive oxygen species play a role in regulating a fungus-perennial ryegrass mutualistic interaction.	although much is known about the signals and mechanisms that lead to pathogenic interactions between plants and fungi, comparatively little is known about fungus-plant mutualistic symbioses. we describe a novel role for reactive oxygen species (ros) in regulating the mutualistic interaction between a clavicipitaceous fungal endophyte, epichloë festucae, and its grass host, lolium perenne. in wild-type associations, e. festucae grows systemically in intercellular spaces of leaves as infrequently ...	2006	16517760
effects of legume forages on ovine gastrointestinal parasite development, migration and survival.	lambs grazing certain legumes have reduced parasite intensities compared to lambs grazing ryegrass swards. eighteen replicates of white clover (cv. aberherald), lucerne (cv. luzelle), red clover (cv. merviot) and perennial ryegrass (cv. abersilo) were sown at equivalent field rates in 25 cm diameter pvc pots and maintained outside for 6 months. on day 0, forage in each pot was cut to 50 mm from soil level and the pots were placed in a glasshouse (at 19-25 degrees c and 70% humidity) in a randomi ...	2006	16516388
[allelopathic effects of invasive weed solidago canadensis on native plants].	with growth chamber method, this paper studied the allelopathic potential of invasive weed solidago canadensis on native plant species. different concentration s. canadensis root and rhizome extracts were examined, and the test plants were trifolium repens, trifolium pretense, medicago lupulina, lolium perenne, suaeda glauca, plantago virginica, kummerowia stipulacea, festuca arundinacea, ageratum conyzoides, portulaca oleracea, and amaranthus spinosus. the results showed that the allelopathic i ...	2005	16515192
the effects of birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) and chicory (cichorium intybus) when compared with perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) on ovine gastrointestinal parasite development, survival and migration.	two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of birdsfoot trefoil and chicory on parasitic nematode development, survival and migration when compared with perennial ryegrass. in experiment one, sheep faeces, containing 10,385 cooperia curticei eggs were added to 25 cm diameter pots containing birdsfoot trefoil, chicory or ryegrass, and the pots maintained under optimal conditions for nematode parasite development. replicate pots of each forage type were destructively sampled on day ...	2006	16495015
joint action of benzoxazinone derivatives and phenolic acids.	the joint action of binary and ternary mixtures of benzoxazinone derivatives and phenolic acids was studied using the additive dose model (adm) as reference model. the activity of fixed-ratio mixtures of phenolic acids [ferulic acid (fa), p-coumaric acid (ca), vanillic acid (va), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (hba)] and benzoxazinone derivatives [2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (dimboa), 6-methoxybenzoxazolin-2-one (mboa), benzoxazolin-2-one (boa), 2-aminophenol (ap), and n-(2-hydroxyph ...	2006	16478216
characterization of contamination in and toxicities of a shipyard area in hong kong.	this is the first integrated study on the contaminant characterization and toxicities of a shipyard area. this site in hong kong contained 3.6-33.4 mg kg(-1) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and 5-79 g kg(-1) oil and grease. other pollutants exceeding the dutch intervention values were total polyaromatic hydrocarbons, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and metals cu, pb and zn. these pollutants persisted partially owing to the poor fertility with <125 mg n kg(-1) and <530 mg p kg(-1) typical of coasta ...	2006	16360247
ruminococcus flavefaciens cell coat and adhesion to cotton cellulose and to cell walls in leaves of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne).	ruminococcus flavefaciens was shown to possess a prominent glycoprotein coat, which contained rhamnose, glucose, and galactose as its principal carbohydrates. periodate-reactive carbohydrate occurred as a surface layer of the coat. the ruminococci adhered strongly by means of this coat to cotton cellulose and to cell walls in leaf sections of lolium perenne l. (perennial ryegrass). the coat was diffuse at the point of contact so that the bacterial cell wall was in close contact with the substrat ...	1978	16345261
the effect of chicory ( cichorium intybus ) and sulla ( hedysarum coronarium ) on larval development and mucosal cell responses of growing lambs challenged with teladorsagia circumcincta.	the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of grazing different bioactive forages on acquired immunity against teladorsagia circumcinta infection. the development of immunity was assessed by following the response of trickle-infected lambs grazing chicory (cichorium intybus; ic), sulla (hedysarum coronarium; is) or grass/clover (lolium perenne/trifolium repens; igc), to a single challenge infection. parasite-naive lambs, grazing grass/clover, were also challenged with the single infect ...	2006	16332288
heavy metal accumulation of urban domestic rubbish compost in turfgrass by edta chelating.	seven kinds of heavy metal accumulation of rubbish compost in turfgrass by edta chelating were investigated. with edta application, heavy metal accumulation by two species of turfgrass was increased significantly. the enrichment coefficients of lolium perenne l(l) and festuca arundinacea l(f) to cr reached 9.45 and 6.15 respectively. in the range of edta dosages given, heavy metal accumulation in turfgrass increased with increasing edta level. there were significant differences in remediation of ...	2005	16313009
quantitative trait loci controlling vernalisation requirement, heading time and number of panicles in meadow fescue (festuca pratensis huds.).	the "bf14/16xhf2/7" mapping population of meadow fescue (festuca pratensis huds.) was characterised for number of panicles produced by non-vernalised plants in the field, vernalisation requirement (number of weeks at 6 degrees c and 8 h photoperiod), as well as days to heading, number of panicles and proportion of shoots heading after a 12 weeks vernalisation treatment. quantitative trait loci (qtls) were identified and compared to qtls and genes related to the induction of flowering in cereals ...	2006	16235049
phosphorus nutrition-mediated effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza on leaf morphology and carbon allocation in perennial ryegrass.	the aim of this work was to disentangle phosphorus status-dependent and -independent effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) on leaf morphology and carbon allocation in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). to this end, we assessed the p-response function of morphological components in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants of similar size. amf (glomus hoi) stimulated relative p-uptake rate, decreased leaf mass per area (lma), and increased shoot mass ratio at low p supply. lower lma was ca ...	2005	16219082
effects of cadmium in herbage on the apparent absorption of elements by sheep in comparison with inorganic cadmium added to their diet.	a meta-analysis of existing scientific literature recently suggested that cd is absorbed more efficiently by sheep if it is in the organic form in grass, than if it is added as an inorganic supplement to the diet. we tested this experimentally by feeding sheep grass from contaminated soil, compared with uncontaminated grass and with cd added to the diet. to produce contaminated herbage, cd nitrate was added to soil in 11 lysimeters sown with perennial ryegrass, with a further 11 lysimeters recei ...	2005	16194672
herbaceous vegetation productivity, persistence, and metals uptake on a biosolids-amended mine soil.	the selection of plant species is critical for the successful establishment and long-term maintenance of vegetation on reclaimed surface mined soils. a study was conducted to assess the capability of 16 forage grass and legume species in monocultures and mixes to establish and thrive on a reclaimed appalachian surface mine amended with biosolids. the 0.15-ha coarse-textured, rocky, non-acid forming mined site was prepared for planting by grading to a 2% slope and amending sandstone overburden ma ...	2012	16151233
qtl mapping of resistance to gray leaf spot in ryegrass.	gray leaf spot (gls) is a serious fungal disease caused by magnaporthe grisea, recently reported on perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.), an important turf grass and forage species. this fungus also causes rice blast and many other grass diseases. rice blast is usually controlled by host resistance, but durability of resistance is a problem. little gls resistance has been reported in perennial ryegrass. however, greenhouse inoculations in our lab using one ryegrass isolate and one rice-infecti ...	2005	16133316
four qtls determine crown rust (puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii) resistance in a perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) population.	crown rust resistance is an important selection criterion in ryegrass breeding. the disease, caused by the biotrophic fungus puccinia coronata, causes yield losses and reduced quality. in this study, we used linkage mapping and qtl analysis to unravel the genomic organization of crown rust resistance in a lolium perenne population. the progeny of a pair cross between a susceptible and a resistant plant were analysed for crown rust resistance. a linkage map, consisting of 227 loci (aflp, ssr, rfl ...	2005	16118663
[effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on weeds growth and nitrogen uptake].	in this paper, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the responses of different functional groups weeds to simulated nitrogen deposition (4.0 g n.m(-2).yr(-1)). native weed species poa annua, lolium perenne, avena fatua, medicago lupulina, trifolium repens, plantago virginica, veronica didyma, echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis, eleusine indica and amaranthus spinosus in orchard ecosystem were used test materials, and their above-and underground biomass and nitrogen uptake were measured. ...	2005	16110678
effects of perennial ryegrass cultivars on intake, digestibility, and milk yield in dairy cows.	the effects of 8 diploid perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) cultivars on dry matter (dm) intake, dm digestibility, and milk yield (my) of dairy cows were evaluated in the summer of 2000 and 2001. each summer, herbage was harvested daily and stall-fed to 12 dairy cows during six 2-wk periods. six cultivars were fed in 3 periods (1, 3, and 5) according to a double 3 x 3 latin square design. in the other periods (2, 4, and 6), 2 cultivars were fed in a repeated measurement design. herbage mass ...	2005	16107414
fatty acid profiles associated with microbial colonization of freshly ingested grass and rumen biohydrogenation.	two in situ studies were conducted to examine the use of odd-chain fatty acid profiles to study microbial colonization of freshly ingested herbage in the rumen as well as fatty acid biohydrogenation. in the first study, fresh perennial ryegrass was subjected to a range of sample preparation methods before incubation in the rumen for 2 or 7 h. in the second study, fresh perennial ryegrass was chopped into 1-cm lengths and incubated in polyester bags in the rumen for 2, 8, and 24 h. after removal ...	2005	16107412
a symbiosis expressed non-ribosomal peptide synthetase from a mutualistic fungal endophyte of perennial ryegrass confers protection to the symbiotum from insect herbivory.	while much is known about the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi their biological role is often less clear. the assumption is these pathways have adaptive value to the organism but often the evidence to support this role is lacking. we provide the first genetic evidence that the fungal produced secondary metabolite, peramine, protects a host plant from insect herbivory. peramine is a potent insect feeding deterrent synthesized by epichloë/neotyphodium mutualistic endophyt ...	2005	16091042
effects, transfer, and fate of rdx from aged soil in plants and worms.	the objectives of this study were to provide data that can be used to predict exposure-based effects of rdx in aged soil on multiple endpoint organisms representing two trophic levels. these data can be used for defining criteria or reference values for environmental management and conducting specific risk assessment. dose-response experiments formed the basis for the evaluation of toxic effects and transfer of contaminants from soil into two trophic levels. long-term exposure tests were conduct ...	2006	16045966
novel forages for growth and health in farmed deer.	aims: this paper reviews recent research on the use of new forages in deer farming that may be useful for increasing growth in weaner deer for venison production, increasing the trace element status of deer, and for developing systems less reliant on chemical inputs, notably of anthelmintics used to control internal parasites. growth: grazing on pure swards of red clover (trifolium pratense) or chicory (chicorium intybus) increased weaner growth during autumn by 26-47% and during spring by 10-14 ...	2002	16032280
the effect of glyphosate, paraquat and paclobutrazol on lolitrem b levels in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass.	two herbicides (glyphosate and paraquat) and a plant growth regulator (paclobutrazol) were applied to endophyteinfected (acremonium lolii) perennial ryegrass swards. subsamples of these swards were then chemically analysed at intervals up to 28 days later for lolitrem b, the compound responsible for perennial ryegrass staggers in domestic livestock. glyphosate and paclobutrazol had no effect on lolitrem b concentrations. paraquat applications decreased lolitrem b concentrations in the herbage. b ...	1995	16031833
molecular cloning and genetic analysis of a symbiosis-expressed gene cluster for lolitrem biosynthesis from a mutualistic endophyte of perennial ryegrass.	lolitrems are potent tremorgenic mycotoxins that are synthesised by clavicipitaceous fungal endophytes of the epichloë/neotyphodium group in association with grasses. these indole-diterpenes confer major ecological benefits on the grass-endophyte symbiotum. a molecular signature for diterpene biosynthesis is the presence of two geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp) synthases. using degenerate primers for conserved domains of fungal ggpp synthases, we cloned two such genes, ltmg and ggsa, from neotyp ...	2005	15991026
effect of forage legumes and anthelmintic treatment on the performance, nutritional status and nematode parasites of grazing lambs.	recent studies in new zealand and the uk have shown that certain forages reduce parasitic infection in sheep. the aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of legume forages compared to ryegrass on interactions between production, nutritional status and nematodes in grazing lambs. twenty-four male lambs per forage treatment, half of which were treated with anthelmintics on day 0, grazed monocultures of lucerne (medicago sativa), red clover (trifolium pratense) and white clover (trifo ...	2005	15946801
comparison of early development of three grasses: lolium perenne, agrostis stolonifera and poa pratensis.	to improve the management of grass communities, early plant development was compared in three species with contrasting growth forms, a caespitose (lolium perenne), a rhizomatous (poa pratensis) and a caespitose-stoloniferous species (agrostis stolonifera).	2005	15932884
fungal endophyte n-acetylglucosaminidase expression in the infected host grass.	fungal endophytes of the genera neotyphodium and epichlolë are important mutualistic symbionts and pathogens of many cool-season grass species. here we report the characterization of a secreted n-acetylglucosaminidase from the neotyphodium sp. endophyte that infects the grass poa ampla. the enzyme was expressed at low levels within the host, and activity could be detected in the apoplastic protein fraction. low-level expression could also be detected in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass (lol ...	2005	15912954
soil to plant transfer of 238u, 226ra and 232th on a uranium mining-impacted soil from southeastern china.	both soil and plant samples of nine different plant species grown in soils from southeastern china contaminated with uranium mine tailings were analyzed for the plant uptake and translocation of 238u, 226ra and 232th. substantial differences were observed in the soil-plant transfer factor (tf) among these radionuclides and plant species. lupine (lupinus albus) exhibited the highest uptake of 238u (tf value of 3.7x10(-2)), while chinese mustard (brassica chinensis) had the least (0.5x10(-2)). how ...	2005	15878419
prevalence and clinical relevance of specific immunoglobulin e to pollen caused by sting- induced specific immunoglobulin e to cross-reacting carbohydrate determinants in hymenoptera venoms.	hymenoptera stings can induce specific ige (sige) to carbohydrate determinants (cd) on venom glycoproteins that cross-react with cd in pollen. sige to such cross-reacting cd (ccd) are believed to have little or no biological activity and thus may cause misdiagnosis of pollen sensitization after a sting.	2005	15836751
the fatty acid composition of muscle fat and subcutaneous adipose tissue of pasture-fed beef heifers: influence of the duration of grazing.	our objective was to determine the effect of the duration of grazing before slaughter on the fatty acid composition of muscle fat and s.c. adipose tissue (sat) of beef heifers. sixty crossbred charolais heifers (n = 15 per treatment) were assigned randomly to one of four dietary treatments: 45 animals (treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were housed at the beginning of the experiment, and 15 (treatment 4) were fed at pasture. two groups of 15 heifers were moved to pasture 40 d (treatment 2) an ...	2005	15827261
sensitization to common allergens, especially pollens, among children with respiratory allergy in the trakya region of turkey.	asthma and allergic rhinitis are common problems in children and the causative pollen allergens vary according to the geographical area. the aim of this study was to investigate patterns of sensitization to common inhalant allergens, especially pollens, in turkish children living in the trakya region and to determine differences between rural and urban areas. allergen skin testing was prospectively performed on 539 children aged between 4 and 17 years with respiratory allergy. the reaction was c ...	2004	15783130
feeding value of pastures for horses.	the feeding value of fresh pasture grazed in situ is determined by animal performance or productivity and could be relatively easily established for growing and lactating horses. despite this, there is a lack of published information on the relative feeding value of different pastures and forages grazed by horses in new zealand and the world. in addition, for adult breeding or non-breeding and young or adult sport or performance horses, the definition of feeding value and its determination remai ...	2004	15768133
feeding value of pastures for ruminants.	perennial ryegrass is the primary forage component of ruminant diets in new zealand. it is persistent and palatable, and immature ryegrass has a high nutritive value (nv). however, seedhead development substantially lowers its feeding value (fv) as fibre concentration increases, the rate and extent of digestibility decreases, and voluntary intake declines. ryegrass pastures are susceptible to accumulation of endophytic and saprophytic fungi in dead material at the base of the sward, especially w ...	2004	15768132
a trade-off between nitrogen uptake and use increases responsiveness to elevated co2 in infrequently cut mixed c3 grasses.	the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the responsiveness of mixed c3 grass species to elevated co2 is related more to nitrogen uptake or to n-use efficiency. nitrogen uptake and whole-plant n-use efficiency were investigated with two binary mixtures: lolium perenne was mixed either with festuca arundinacea or with holcus lanatus. the swards were grown on sand with or without co2 doubling, and subjected to two cutting frequencies. a c20 alcohol was used as a marker to determine species pr ...	2005	15760365
prospective safety study of immunotherapy administered in a cluster schedule.	cluster immunotherapy is becoming an alternative to conventional it due to its shorter schedule, but the safety of such schedule is still controversial. at present, only few studies assess the risk of immunotherapy in a prospective manner, in well-controlled patients, using the same extract and intending to evaluate a single schedule. the aim of the present study is to evaluate the safety of a cluster immunotherapy administration regimen. a total of 91 outpatients (41 male and 50 female), with a ...	2004	15736717
specific plant dna adducts as molecular biomarkers of genotoxic atmospheric environments.	the general purpose of this study was to determine whether the formation of dna addition products ('adducts') in plants could be a valuable biomarker of genotoxic air pollution. plants from several species were exposed to ambient atmosphere at urban and suburban sites representative of different environmental conditions. the levels of no2 and of the quantitatively major genotoxic air pollutants benzene, toluene, and xylene were monitored in parallel with plant exposure. dna adducts were measured ...	2005	15725605
the consequences of short-term grazing of bioactive forages on established adult and incoming larvae populations of teladorsagia circumcincta in lambs.	the objective of this study was to investigate the consequences of short-term grazing on bioactive forages on (i) the viability and fecundity of established adult teladorsagia circumcincta population and (ii) the establishment and development of incoming t. circumcincta infective larvae. forty-eight, parasite naive, 3-month old, grazing lambs were artificially infected with 8000 infective larvae of t. circumcincta on day 1 of the experiment. on day 21 p.i., lambs were allocated to one of three b ...	2005	15722084
testing for direct anthelmintic effects of bioactive forages against trichostrongylus colubriformis in grazing sheep.	the aim of the present study was to investigate potential direct anthelmintic effects of forages that contain plant secondary metabolites (psm) towards the intestinal nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis. for this purpose, we introduced an experimental design, which enabled us to investigate the direct anthelmintic effects of psm-rich forages, without significant interference of possible indirect immunological effects of psm. sixty parasite naive sheep were infected with 8000 t. colubriformis ...	2004	15710524
distribution of the fungal endophyte neotyphodium lolii is not a major determinant of the distribution of fungal alkaloids in lolium perenne plants.	the relationships of the distributions of the insect and mammalian mycotoxins, lolitrem b and ergovaline, and the insect-feeding deterrent, peramine, with the distribution of fungal mycelium were investigated in three genotypes of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) infected with the endophyte neotyphodium lolii. in planta levels and distribution of the endophyte and of the three alkaloids were assessed in parallel, and different spatial or temporal concentration gradients were observed for e ...	2005	15652576
frequency and diversity of nitrate reductase genes among nitrate-dissimilating pseudomonas in the rhizosphere of perennial grasses grown in field conditions.	a total of 1246 pseudomonas strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of two perennial grasses (lolium perenne and molinia coerulea) with different nitrogen requirements. the plants were grown in their native soil under ambient and elevated atmospheric co2 content (pco2) at the swiss face (free air co2 enrichment) facility. root-, rhizosphere-, and non-rhizospheric soil-associated strains were characterized in terms of their ability to reduce nitrate during an in vitro assay and with respect to ...	2005	15650915
ecosystem function in alluvial tailings after biosolids and lime addition.	municipal biosolids and agricultural limestone were incorporated into the surface of alluvial highly acidic, metal-contaminated mine tailings in leadville, co, in 1998. amended sites were seeded and a plant cover was subsequently established. a range of chemical and biological parameters were measured over time to determine if treatment was sufficient to restore ecosystem function. an uncontaminated upstream control (uuc), a contaminated vegetated area (cva), and soils collected from the tailing ...	2005	15647543
bahia grass pollen specific ige is common in seasonal rhinitis patients but has limited cross-reactivity with ryegrass.	perennial ryegrass is a major cause of rhinitis in spring and early summer. bahia grass, paspalum notatum, flowers late into summer and could account for allergic rhinitis at this time. we determined the frequency of serum immunoglobulin (ig)e reactivity with bahia grass in ryegrass pollen allergic patients and investigated ige cross-reactivity between bahia and ryegrass.	2005	15647049
countercurrent chromatographic isolation of lolitrem b from endophyte-infected ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) seed.	this paper describes a new method of purification of the lolitrem b, a tremorgenic mycotoxin produced in planta by the endophytic fungus neotyphodium lolii. the method is based on the large-scale isolation of the toxin by countercurrent chromatography (ccc). the lolitrem b content in endophyted ryegrass seed, 11 microg/g or 11 ppm, is extracted by stirring finely ground seeds with ethanol for 3 h at room temperature. the concentrated crude extract contains about 0.6 mg/g or 600 ppm of lolitrem b ...	2004	15628126
ruminal degradability of 15n labelled ribonucleic acid in grass.	the ruminal degradation of rna in rye grass (lolium perenne) was studied using the bag method. a non-lactating cow (bw 550 kg) fitted with a rumen cannula was used and fed twice daily at maintenance level with a chopped grass hay-based ration containing 30% ground barley. rye grass, labelled during growth by fertilization with 15n2-urea (9.5 atom% 15n, 20 g n/m2), was cut at seven stages of growth and maturity and freeze-dried. rna-n represented 6 to 17% of total n. labelled grass samples (mille ...	2004	15595618
retention and phytoavailability of radioniobium in soils.	radioniobium is present in long-lived nuclear waste as a result of the activation of zirconium pellets associated with the nuclear fuel. the behaviour of niobium (nb) in the environment and especially its fate in the soil-plant system has not been thoroughly investigated so far. in safety assessment of french long-lived nuclear waste disposal, data concerning the mobility and the bioavailability of nb in soils are needed as well as general trends of its fate in the specific environment around th ...	2005	15511567
use of pruning waste compost as a component in soilless growing media.	the objective of this work was to study the use of pruning wastes compost (pwc) as a growing media component for ornamental plants. the main physical, chemical and biological characteristics of pwc were analysed in order to evaluate its suitability for use in soil-less cultivation. six growth substrates were prepared by mixing pwc with peat (p), ground leaves (gl), sand (s) and spent mushroom compost (smc) in different proportions. two different pot experiments were carried out to test its chara ...	2005	15501667
diurnal variation in ruminal ph on the digestibility of highly digestible perennial ryegrass during continuous culture fermentation.	dairy cows grazing high-digestibility pastures exhibit pronounced diurnal variation in ruminal ph, with ph being below values considered optimal for digestion. using a dual-flow continuous culture system, the hypothesis that minimizing diurnal variation in ph would improve digestion of pasture when ph was low, but not at a higher ph, was tested. four treatments were imposed, with ph either allowed to exhibit normal diurnal variation around an average ph of 6.1 or 5.6, or maintained at constant p ...	2004	15453503
observations on the vertical migrations of the third-stage larva of haemonchus contortus (rud.) on experimental plots of lolium perenne s24, in relation to meteorological and micrometeorological factors.		1950	15401178
evaluation of methods to measure differential 15n labeling of soil and root n pools for studies of root exudation.	to study patterns of root exudation, the effectiveness of different techniques for in situ 15n labeling of brassica napus, centaurea jacea and lolium perenne with ammonium nitrate was tested. stem infiltration was found to effectively label plants with thicker stems, whereas, for grass species, cutting and immersing the leaf tips into 15n solution proved to be most effective. a microdiffusion technique to isolate ammonium, combined with conventional cation-exchange chromatography to separate nit ...	2004	15386635
host plant recognition by the root feeding clover weevil, sitona lepidus (coleoptera: curculionidae).	this study investigated the ability of neonatal larvae of the root-feeding weevil, sitona lepidus gyllenhal, to locate white clover trifolium repens l. (fabaceae) roots growing in soil and to distinguish them from the roots of other species of clover and a co-occurring grass species. choice experiments used a combination of invasive techniques and the novel technique of high resolution x-ray microtomography to non-invasively track larval movement in the soil towards plant roots. burrowing distan ...	2004	15385062
impact of lime, nitrogen and plant species on bacterial community structure in grassland microcosms.	a microcosm-based approach was used to study impacts of plant and chemical factors on the bacterial community structure of an upland acidic grassland soil. seven perennial plant species typical of both natural, unimproved (nardus stricta, agrostis capillaris, festuca ovina and f. rubra) and fertilized, improved (holcus lanatus, lolium perenne and trifolium repens) grasslands were either left unamended or treated with lime, nitrogen, or lime plus nitrogen in a 75-day glasshouse experiment. lime a ...	2004	15344932
influence of plants on the chemical extractability and biodegradability of 2,4-dichlorophenol in soil.	this study investigated the fate and behaviour of [ul-(14)c] 2,4-dichlorophenol (dcp) in planted (lolium perenne l.) and unplanted soils over 57 days. extractability of [ul-(14)c] 2,4-dcp associated activity was measured using calcium chloride (cacl(2)), acetonitrile-water and dichloromethane (dcm) extractions. biodegradability of [ul-(14)c] 2,4-dcp associated activity was assessed through measurement of (14)co(2) production by a degrader inoculum (burkholderia sp.). although extractability and ...	2005	15327856
influence of concentrate composition and forage type on retail packaged beef quality.	the objective of this study was to determine the effect of type of conserved forage and concentrate composition on the quality of beef held in overwrapped (aerobic) or modified atmosphere packaging under simulated retail display for 17 d. friesian steers (n = 45) were assigned randomly to one of five dietary treatments: 1) extensively fermented grass silage plus silage concentrate (efs); 2) restricted fermented grass silage plus silage concentrate (rfs); 3) starch-based concentrate plus wheat st ...	2004	15318738
evaluation of perennial ryegrass straw as a forage source for ruminants.	two experiments were conducted to evaluate perennial ryegrass straw as a forage source for ruminants. experiment 1 evaluated digestion and physiological variables in steers offered perennial ryegrass straw containing increasing levels of ergot alkaloid, lolitrem b. sixteen ruminally cannulated angus x hereford steers (231+/-2 kg bw) were blocked by weight and assigned randomly to one of four treatments. steers were provided perennial ryegrass straw at 120% of the previous 5-d average intake. bef ...	2004	15309967
lolitrem b residue in fat tissues of cattle consuming endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass straw.	lolitrems are neurotoxins found in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass. lolitrems, primarily lolitrem b, are the causative agents of ryegrass staggers in livestock. to guarantee the safety of meat produced from cattle consuming endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass, lolitrem b concentrations in tissues of japanese black cattle were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. lolitrem b was not detected in muscle, liver, kidney, or cerebrum of a japanese black cow with signs of rye ...	2004	15305749
the effects of forage provision and group size on the behavior of calves.	the effects of providing alternative forages to individual or group-reared calves on their behavior were examined in 2 experiments. in experiment 1, 24 calves were reared in groups of 3 or individually in straw-bedded pens from age 1 to 7 wk. one-half of the calves in each treatment were provided with ad libitum cut perennial ryegrass herbage. grass intakes and time spent eating grass were greater for grouped calves than for individual calves. providing grass reduced concentrate intake of groupe ...	2004	15290985
dietary preference of dairy cows grazing ryegrass and white clover.	the dietary preference of lactating dairy cows grazing perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) and white clover (trifolium repens l.) was studied. twelve groups of 2 lactating, holstein-friesian dairy cows grazed 1.2-ha plots containing conterminal monocultures of clover and grass. half of the groups grazed a plot containing 75% clover and 25% grass (by ground area), with the remaining groups grazing a plot containing 25% clover and 75% grass. the intake rates of clover were higher than those of ...	2004	15290979
the effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculants and formic acid on the formation of biogenic amines in grass silages.	silages were prepared in six laboratory experiments from four direct-cut grassland swards and pure swards of perennial ryegrass and false oat with dry matter contents ranging between 180 and 325 g/kg. grass was fermented at 22 degrees c and silages were stored at the same temperature for 4 months. untreated silages (negative control) and silages preserved with 3 g/kg of formic acid (positive control) were compared with silages inoculated with commercial strains of lactobacillus plantarum, lactob ...	2004	15264673
agri-environmental grass hay: nutritive value and intake in comparison with hay from intensively managed grassland.	chemical composition, digestibility, nutritive value and intake of hay from an agri-environmental management (eh) were compared with those from hay (lolium perenne) from an intensive management (ih). ih was of low to moderate quality because of unfavourable weather conditions. eh was harvested mid-june of 2000 (eh1) and 2001 (eh2) on the same sward that had not received mineral fertilizer for 10 years. the eh was characterized by a species-rich botanical composition. on average, it had lower con ...	2004	15264672
preliminary ecotoxicological characterization of a new energetic substance, cl-20.	a new energetic substance hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (or cl-20) was tested for its toxicities to various ecological receptors. cl-20 (epsilon-polymorph) was amended to soil or deionized water to construct concentration gradients. results of microtox (15-min contact) and 96-h algae growth inhibition tests indicate that cl-20 showed no adverse effects on the bioluminescence of marine bacteria vibrio fischeri and the cell density of freshwater green algae selenastrum capricornutum respectively, ...	2004	15234161
atrazine and simazine degradation in pennisetum rhizosphere.	the ability of rhizosphere of four plant species to promote the degradation of charcoal-fixed atrazine and simazine in cement blocks of a long-term contaminated soil when mixed with a normal soil at 1:1 ratio was tested. of the four selected plants viz., rye grass (lolium perenne), tall fescue (festuca arundinacae), pennisetum (pennisetum clandestinum) and a spring onion (allium sp.) used in this study, only p. clandestinum was able to survive in herbicide contaminated soil while other plants di ...	2004	15172598
phytoextraction for clean-up of low-level uranium contaminated soil evaluated.	spills in the nuclear fuel cycle have led to soil contamination with uranium. in case of small contamination just above release levels, low-cost yet sufficiently efficient remedial measures are recommended. this study was executed to test if low-level u contaminated sandy soil from a nuclear fuel processing site could be phytoextracted in order to attain the required release limits. two soils were tested: a control soil (317 bq 238u kg(-1)) and the same soil washed with bicarbonate (69 bq 238u k ...	2004	15162854
[young perennial ryegrass staggers in a dairy herd].	ryegrass staggers was diagnosed in a group of young stock on a dairy farm in the netherlands. the cattle were fed on ryegrass hay originating from a farm in the region. the typical clinical signs observed in this herd were difficulty in rising, hypermetria of especially the front legs, incoordination, and tremors of the head and neck muscles. the morbidity of the illness was about 80 percent and there was no mortality. four weeks after withdrawal of the hay, the animals recovered completely. the ...	2004	15156654
patterns of soil copper contamination and temporal changes in vegetation in the vicinity of a copper rod rolling factory.	patterns of soil copper contamination have been examined in the vicinity of a copper rod rolling plant in prescot, merseyside, uk. the site, established in 1975, was found to possess clear patterns of soil copper contamination, with the highest levels of hno3 and water-extractable fractions encountered in the factory grounds adjacent to the location of the furnace chimney. the majority of the copper had accumulated in the upper soil horizons. the site is surrounded by planted lawns, established ...	1997	15093451
effects of ambient levels of air pollution on grass swards subjected to different defoliation regimes.	the urgent need to evaluate effects of air quality on plant growth in the field is discussed in relation to the difficulties which field-based studies pose in the interpretation of data. an initial study is described which aimed to overcome some of these difficulties and the data are discussed within the remaining limitations. the productivity of pure swards of lolium perenne l. and dactylis glomerata l., subjected to defoliation at different times of the year, was studied at field sites with di ...	1987	15092760
vegetation establishment on a deposit of zinc mine wastes.	field trials concerning the establishment of plant cover on a deposit of wastes from the ammeberg zinc mine in central sweden were carried out during 1976-1985. different soil conditioners and manures were applied and plant species cultivars were evaluated with regard to plant biomass, vigour, durability and content of zinc, lead and cadmium. sewage sludge and topsoil led to better establishment of grasses than did municipal waste, straw and hydraulic seeding. after 2 years, festuca rubra and po ...	1989	15092483
effect of mecoprop drift on some plant species of conservation interest when grown in standardized mixtures in microcosms.	there has been an increasing awareness of potential impacts of herbicide drift on to vegetation in nature reserves and field margin habitats adjacent to treated areas. previous work using single species bioassays has suggested that the effects of a single drift event are confined close to the sprayer (< 10 m). in the present study eight native dicotyledonous species, with and without a perennial grass (lolium perenne), were grown in standardized microcosms in order to study (1) the effects of he ...	1991	15092089
short-term sequestration of slurry-derived carbon into particle size fractions of a temperate grassland soil.	surface application of animal wastes in intensive grassland systems has caused growing environmental problems during the last decade and, therefore, increasing public and scientific concern. in the present study we examined if the natural abundance 13c stable isotope tracer techniques could be used to investigate a poorly defined aspect of waste application, i.e. incorporation of slurry-derived c and its distribution in soil organic matter (som) fractions with different turnover times of a pastu ...	2004	15085987
fertilizer source effect on ground and surface water quality in drainage from turfgrass.	nutrients in surface and ground water can affect human and aquatic organisms that rely on water for consumption and habitat. a mass-balance field study was conducted over two years (july 2000-may 2001) to determine the effect of nutrient source on turfgrass runoff and leachate. treatments were arranged in an incomplete randomized block design on a slope of 7 to 9% of arkport sandy loam (coarseloamy, mixed, active, mesic lamellic hapludalf) and seeded with kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.) an ...	2004	15074817
selection of a highly virulent fungal isolate, metarhizium anisopliae clo 53, for controlling hoplia philanthus.	the june beetle, hoplia philanthus füessly (coleoptera: scarabaeidae), has become a widespread and destructive insect pest of lawns, sport turf, pastures, and horticultural crops in belgium. the virulence of 34 entomopathogenic fungal isolates from the genera metarhizium, beauveria, and paecilomyces to third-instar h. philanthus was tested in bioassays by dipping larvae in 10(7)conidia/ml suspensions. two isolates of metarhizium anisopliae (clo 53 and clo 54) caused maximally 90% mortality 10 we ...	2004	15050838
endophyte transmission via seeds of lolium perenne l.: immunodetection of fungal antigens.	we traced the presence and distribution of neotyphodium lolii within developing inflorescences and embryos of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.), cultivar "grassland nui," by in situ immunolocalization of fungal proteins. evidence is presented that the fungus penetrates through the rachilla at the base of the ovary, and localizes in a very precise and specific manner in the ovular nucellus, but never enters the embryo sac or the integuments. young embryos do not contain mycelium, but as they ...	2004	15050542
turfgrass, crop, and weed hosts of blissus occiduus (hemiptera: lygaeidae).	blissus occiduus barber is an important pest of buffalograss, buchloë dactyloides (nuttall) engelmann, turf. no-choice studies documented the susceptibility of selected turfgrasses, crops, and weeds to b. occiduus feeding. highly to moderately susceptible grasses included buffalograss; yellow setaria glauca (l.) and green foxtail setaria viridis (l.); kentucky bluegrass, poa pratensis l.; perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne l.; brome, bromus spp. leyss.; zoysiagrass, zoysia japonica steudel; berm ...	2004	14998128
comparison of tall fescue (cyperales: gramineae) to other cool-season turfgrasses for tolerance to european chafer (coleoptera: scarabaeidae).	three cultivars of tall fescue, festuca arundinacea schreb., were compared with three cultivars each of fine fescue (festuca spp.), kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.), and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) to evaluate tolerance to root-feeding by european chafer grubs, rhizotrogus majalis (razoumowsky). potted turfgrasses were infested with initial densities equivalent to 33 or 66 grubs per 0.1 m2 on 19 august 2000. more grubs were added in late september and october, bringing the total ...	2003	14977131
the potential of lolium perenne for revegetation of contaminated soil from a metallurgical site.	a greenhouse study was carried out to determine the possibility of using lolium perenne for revegetation of soil from a former ferrous metallurgical plant (naples, south italy) contaminated by cu, pb and zn at levels above current italian regulatory limits. surface soil samples (0-40 cm) from the facility area where raw minerals were disposed (rm1 and rm2), from a nearby unpolluted cultivated soil (c) as control and a 1:3 mixture of the control with the polluted ones (rm1+c and rm2+c) were utili ...	2004	14967498
temperature control of the development of frost hardiness in two populations of leptospermum scoparium.	seedlings of leptospermum scoparium j.r. et g. forst (manuka) originating from seed from a low altitude coastal site (auckland) and from a high altitude inland site (desert road) were grown for 96 days in four controlled environments to compare the relationship between growth temperature and frost hardening. day/night temperature treatments were 12/6, 12/3, 12/0 and 12/-3 degrees c. frost hardiness was determined at 14-day intervals by exposing whole seedlings to temperatures ranging from -2 to ...	1995	14965949
the determinant step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis by an endophyte of perennial ryegrass.	many cool-season grasses harbor fungal endophytes in the genus neotyphodium, which enhance host fitness, but some also produce metabolites--such as ergovaline--believed to cause livestock toxicoses. in claviceps species the first step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis is thought to be dimethylallyltryptophan (dmat) synthase, encoded by dmaw, previously cloned from claviceps fusiformis. here we report the cloning and characterization of dmaw from neotyphodium sp. isolate lp1, an endophyte of perenni ...	2004	14732265
the effect of dietary forage on the development and survival of helminth parasites in ovine faeces.	studies in new zealand and the uk have shown that lambs grazing birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) or chicory (cichorium intybus) have reduced parasite intensities compared to lambs grazing ryegrass swards. however, data in the literature on the influence of forages on helminth parasites is equivocal and the underlying mechanisms by which different forage diets may affect these parasites have not been fully determined. the aim of the experiments reported here was to investigate the hypothesi ...	2003	14651879
discrimination against 13c during degradation of simple and complex substrates by two white rot fungi.	changes in isotopic 13c signatures of co2-c evolved during decomposition of a sugar (glucose), a fatty acid (palmitic acid), a protein (albumin), a structural biopolymer (lignin) and bulk plant tissue (aerial shoots from lolium perenne) were monitored over a period of 76 days. all materials were sterilized and inoculated with either of two different species of white rot fungi, phanerochaete chrysosporium or coriolus versicolor, and incubated in sealed bottles at 28 degrees c. the co2 concentrati ...	2003	14648898
beneficial properties of single-domain antibody fragments for application in immunoaffinity purification and immuno-perfusion chromatography.	we explored the possibility to apply single-domain antibodies from camelidae for immunoaffinity purification of the ice structuring protein (isp) from lolium perenne, which modifies ice crystal growth and therefore has potential application in medicine, biotechnology, agriculture and (frozen) foods. using phage display together with an appropriate selection method, a group of candidate fragments was isolated from a llama-derived immune library. affinity chromatography using a purposely selected ...	2003	14642809
mass spectrometric analysis of electrophoretically separated allergens and proteases in grass pollen diffusates.	pollens are important triggers for allergic asthma and seasonal rhinitis, and proteases released by major allergenic pollens can injure airway epithelial cells in vitro. disruption of mucosal epithelial integrity by proteases released by inhaled pollens could promote allergic sensitisation.	2003	14577842
the infection process of colletotrichum graminicola and relative aggressiveness on four turfgrass species.	detached 3-week-old leaves of agrostis palustris, lolium perenne, poa annua, and poa pratensis were inoculated with conidial suspensions of two isolates of colletotrichum graminicola obtained from a. palustris. inoculated leaves were incubated at 23 degrees c under high relative humidity (>95%). the infection process was investigated by light microscopy from 2 to 168 h after inoculation (ai). spore germination was observed within 2 h ai, appressoria within 6 h ai, and penetration pores within 8 ...	2003	14569284
biochemical outcome of blocking the ergot alkaloid pathway of a grass endophyte.	neotyphodium sp. lp1, an endophytic fungus from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), produces the mycotoxin ergovaline in infected grasses, whereas a mutant in which a particular peptide synthetase gene is knocked out does not. we examined the impact of this knockout on other constituents of the ergot alkaloid pathway. two simple lysergic acid amides, ergine and a previously undescribed amide, were eliminated by the knockout. lysergic acid accumulated in the knockout endophyte, but quantities we ...	2003	14558758
comparison of growth performance of lolium perenne l., dactylis glomerata l. and agropyron elongatum (host.) p. beauv. for erosion control in turkey.	this study was carried out in plastic containers to compare growth performances of perennial ryegrass, orchardgrass and tall wheatgrass to be given priority in revegetation studies in turkey. three pre-germinated seeds of each grass species were planted separately into the soil in the black plastic containers. seedlings were harvested 2, 4 and 6 months after planting pre-germinated seeds and measured for percentage of seedling emergence, rooting depth, height growth, leaf and tiller development ...	2003	12974411
characteristics of pollinosis caused by betula in patients from ourense (galicia, spain).	a retrospective study was performed to describe the features of the pollinosis caused by betula in the area of ourense, spain. the pollen count was carried out with a lanzoni volumetric hirts spore trap (1993-2000). the betula pollen represented 5% over the annual total (annual mean quantity: 965 grains). it was present in the air from march to mid-may. the highest peaks took place in april (maximum values mean: 131 grains/m3). the medical records of 222 patients (mean age 25.66 years) diagnosed ...	2003	12968397
isolation and characterisation of an invertase cdna from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne).	an invertase (lpft2) cdna from perennial ryegrass was isolated and sequenced. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an orf of 2016 bp encoding a protein of 671 amino acids. lpft2 is 76% identical to sugarcane soluble acid invertase, and contains invertase and fructosyltransferase functional domains. lpft2 is present as a single copy gene and maps to the distal region of lg6 in perennial ryegrass. the expression pattern analysis of lpft2 revealed transcript accumulation in seedlings and in mature ...	2003	12964866
stimulation of soil nitrification and denitrification by grazing in grasslands: do changes in plant species composition matter?	stimulation of nitrification and denitrification by long term (from years to decades) grazing has commonly been reported in different grassland ecosystems. however, grazing generally induces important changes in plant species composition, and whether changes in nitrification and denitrification are primarily due to changes in vegetation composition has never been tested. we compared soil nitrification- and denitrification-enzyme activities (nea and dea, respectively) between semi-natural grassla ...	2003	12955489
hot alkali-labile linkages in the walls of the forage grass phalaris aquatica and lolium perenne and their relation to in vitro wall digestibility.	the factors affecting in vitro dry matter digestibility (ivdmd) of fully mature internodes of 150 lines of the forage grass, phalaris aquatica, and internodes of 100 lines of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), harvested just after anthesis, were investigated. the relationships between ivdmd and the contents of acetyl bromide lignin, and ester-ether linkages between lignin and wall polysaccharides, measured by hydroxycinnamic acids (hcas) released by 4 m naoh at 170 degrees c respectively, were ...	2003	12943783
fate of urine nitrogen in three soils throughout a grazing season.	the fate of 15n-labeled cattle (bos taurus) urine (52 g n m(-2)), applied to a 0.4-m2 surface area on three dates between may and october to three different pasture soils, was studied using 2-m2 lysimeters. over a period of two years, the sward recovered most of the 15n, but the amount recovered decreased with application date (62% in spring to 17% in fall). however, n uptake by ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) in year 2 showed that some nitrogen came from the previous year's urine application. the ...	2003	12931896
does mowing height influence alkaloid production in endophytic tall fescue and perennial ryegrass?	the mutualistic symbiosis following infection of tall fescue, festuca arundinacea, and perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne, by fungal endophyte (neotyphodium spp.) results in the production of alkaloids that are feeding deterrents or toxic to insects and livestock. if the levels of the alkaloids can be manipulated by cultural practices in the grasses that are used for home lawns and golf courses, this could alleviate the need for pesticide applications in urban environments. we evaluated the infl ...	2003	12918918
whole-body fluxes and partitioning of amino acids to the mammary gland of cows fed fresh pasture at two levels of intake during early lactation.	the utilisation of essential amino acids (eaa) by the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows fed fresh forages was studied to provide basic information useful in designing strategies to increase the production of milk protein from pasture-fed dairy cows. the relationship between the flux of eaa in the whole body and their uptake by the mammary gland was determined in four cows in early lactation (length of time in milk 44 (sd 14.5) d) producing 21 (sd 4.0) kg milk/d. the cows were maintained in m ...	2003	12908887
neozygites abacaridis sp. nov. (entomophthorales), a new pathogen of phytophagous mites (acari, eriophyidae).	a new entomopathogenic fungus, described here as neozygites abacaridis n. sp. (zygomycetes: entomophthorales), has been found on the mites abacarus hystrix, aculodes dubius, and a. mckenziei (acari: eriophyidae). it differs from other neozygites species affecting mites by its small, globose primary conidia, short-ovoid, smoky coloured capilliconidia, and very short capillary conidiophores-which are usually not longer than the spore length. this pathogen infected mite individuals in autumn (from ...	2003	12877829