Publications

increased expression of native cytosolic cu/zn superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase improves tolerance to oxidative and chilling stresses in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).	cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a tropical root crop, and is therefore, extremely sensitive to low temperature; its antioxidative response is pivotal for its survival under stress. timely turnover of reactive oxygen species (ros) in plant cells generated by chilling-induced oxidative damages, and scavenging can be achieved by non-enzymatic and enzymatic reactions in order to maintain ros homeostasis.	2014	25091029
xanthomonas axonopodis virulence is promoted by a transcription activator-like effector-mediated induction of a sweet sugar transporter in cassava.	the gene-for-gene concept has historically been applied to describe a specific resistance interaction wherein single genes from the host and the pathogen dictate the outcome. these interactions have been observed across the plant kingdom and all known plant microbial pathogens. in recent years, this concept has been extended to susceptibility phenotypes in the context of transcription activator-like (tal) effectors that target sweet sugar transporters. however, because this interaction has only ...	2014	25083909
local domestication of lactic acid bacteria via cassava beer fermentation.	cassava beer, or chicha, is typically consumed daily by the indigenous shuar people of the ecuadorian amazon. this traditional beverage made from cassava tuber (manihot esculenta) is thought to improve nutritional quality and flavor while extending shelf life in a tropical climate. bacteria responsible for chicha fermentation could be a source of microbes for the human microbiome, but little is known regarding the microbiology of chicha. we investigated bacterial community composition of chicha ...	2014	25071997
endogenous small-noncoding rnas and their roles in chilling response and stress acclimation in cassava.	small noncoding rna (sncrna), including micrornas (mirnas) and endogenous small-interfering rnas (endo-sirnas) are key gene regulators in eukaryotes, playing critical roles in plant development and stress tolerance. trans-acting sirnas (ta-sirnas), which are secondary sirnas triggered by mirnas, and sirnas from natural antisense transcripts (nat-sirnas) are two well-studied classes of endo-sirnas.	2014	25070534
dynamical structure of a traditional amazonian social network.	reciprocity is a vital feature of social networks, but relatively little is known about its temporal structure or the mechanisms underlying its persistence in real world behavior. in pursuit of these two questions, we study the stationary and dynamical signals of reciprocity in a network of manioc beer (spanish: chicha; tsimane': shocdye') drinking events in a tsimane' village in lowland bolivia. at the stationary level, our analysis reveals that social exchange within the community is heterogen ...	2013	25053880
influence of yeast fermented cassava chip protein (yefecap) and roughage to concentrate ratio on ruminal fermentation and microorganisms using in vitro gas production technique.	the objective of this study was to determine the effects of protein sources and roughage (r) to concentrate (c) ratio on in vitro fermentation parameters using a gas production technique. the experimental design was a 2×5 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (crd). factor a was 2 levels of protein sources yeast fermented cassava chip protein (yefecap) and soybean meal (sbm) and factor b was 5 levels of roughage to concentrate (r:c) ratio at 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:10 ...	2014	25049924
mineral status in cattle fed rice straw and para grass combined with different levels of protein derived from cassava foliage.	eight male cattle of the local yellow breed with an average live weight of 121 kg and an average age of 18 months were used to evaluate the effects of different levels of sun-dried cassava (manihot esculenta) foliage supplementation on mineral metabolism in growing cattle fed rice straw and para grass as basal diet. rice straw ad libitum and para grass (brachiaria mutica) at 1% dm of bw comprised the basal diet. the study was arranged as a 4×4 double latin square design, with cassava foliage con ...	2013	25049706
the effects of additives in napier grass silages on chemical composition, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation.	the effect of silage additives on ensiling characteristics and nutritive value of napier grass (pennisetum purpureum) silages was studied. napier grass silages were made with no additive, fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (fjlb), molasses or cassava meal. the ensiling characteristics were determined by ensiling napier grass silages in airtight plastic pouches for 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 45 d. the effect of napier grass silages treated with these additives on voluntary feed intake, di ...	2012	25049687
evaluation of a nutrition model in predicting performance of vietnamese cattle.	the objective of this study was to evaluate the predictions of dry matter intake (dm) and average daily gain (adg) of vietnamese yellow (vang) purebred and crossbred (vang with red sindhi or brahman) bulls fed under vietnamese conditions using two levels of solution (1 and 2) of the large ruminant nutrition system (lrns) model. animal information and feed chemical characterization were obtained from five studies. the initial mean body weight (bw) of the animals was 186, with standard deviation ± ...	2012	25049686
effect of ground corn cob replacement for cassava chip on feed intake, rumen fermentation and urinary derivatives in swamp buffaloes.	four thai - rumen fistulated male swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis), about four years old with 400±20 kg liveweight, were randomly assigned according to a 4×4 latin square design to receive dietary treatments. the treatments were: ground corn cob (gcc) replacement for cassava chip (cc) in concentrate at 0% (t1); gcc replacement at 33% (t2); gcc replacement at 67% (t3); and gcc replacement at 100% (t4), respectively. during the experiment, concentrate was offered at 0.5% bw while 5% urea-treated ...	2012	25049671
feed intake, digestibility, and n retention in cattle fed rice straw and para grass combined with different levels of protein derived from cassava foliage.	eight male cattle of local yellow breed with an average live weight of 121 kg and an average age of 18 months were used to evaluate the effects of different levels of sun-dried cassava foliage supplementation (manihot esculenta) on intake, digestibility and n retention. rice straw ad libitum and para grass (brachiaria mutica) at 1% dm of bw comprised the basal diet. the study was arranged as a 4×4 double latin square design, with cassava foliage contributing 0, 0.8, 1.6 or 2.4 g cp/kg bw. the ca ...	2012	25049650
effect of fibre level and fibre source on gut morphology and micro-environment in local (mong cai) and exotic (landrace×yorkshire) pigs.	the effect of genotype, fibre level and fibre source on gut morphology, environment and microflora was studied using 18 mong cai (mc) and 18 landrace×yorkshire (ly) pigs, aged around 60 d. the diets were based on maize, rice bran, soybean meal, fish meal and soybean oil, and cassava residue (cr) or brewer's grain (bg) as fibrous ingredient sources in the high-fibre diets (hf). a low-fibre diet (lf), containing around 200 g ndf/kg dry matter (dm), was formulated without cr and bg as feed ingredie ...	2012	25049538
effect of harvesting frequency, variety and leaf maturity on nutrient composition, hydrogen cyanide content and cassava foliage yield.	the experiment studied the effect of harvesting frequencies and varieties on yield, chemical composition and hydrogen cyanide content in cassava foliage. foliage from three cassava varieties, k94 (very bitter), k98-7 (medium bitter) and a local (sweet), were harvested in three different cutting cycles, at 3, 6 and 9 months; 6 and 9 months and 9 months after planting, in a 2-yr experiment carried out in hanoi, vietnam. increasing the harvesting frequency increased dry matter (dm) and crude protei ...	2012	25049534
effect of cassava hay and rice bran oil supplementation on rumen fermentation, milk yield and milk composition in lactating dairy cows.	four crossbred (75% holstein friesian) lactating dairy cows, with an average live weight of 418±5 kg and 36±10 d in milk were randomly assigned according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 latin square design to evaluate the effects of cassava hay (ch) and rice bran oil (rbo) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, milk yield, and milk composition. factor a was non-supplementation or supplementation with ch in the concentrate. factor b was supplementation with rbo at 0 ...	2012	25049491
efficient utilization of cassava pulp for succinate production by metabolically engineered escherichia coli kj122.	a metabolically engineered escherichia coli kj122 was efficiently utilized for succinate production from cassava pulp during batch separate hydrolysis and fermentation (shf) under simple anaerobic conditions. succinate concentration of 41.46 ± 0.05 g/l with yield and productivity of 82.33 ± 0.14 g/100 g dry pulp and 0.84 ± 0.02 g/l/h was obtained. in batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf), hydrolysis of 12 % (w/v) cassava pulp with an enzyme loading of 2 % amg + 3 % cel (v/w) ...	2015	25030337
the rxl motif of the african cassava mosaic virus rep protein is necessary for rereplication of yeast dna and viral infection in plants.	geminiviruses, single-stranded dna plant viruses, encode a replication-initiator protein (rep) that is indispensable for virus replication. a potential cyclin interaction motif (rxl) in the sequence of african cassava mosaic virus rep may be an alternative link to cell cycle controls to the known interaction with plant homologs of retinoblastoma protein (prbr). mutation of this motif abrogated rereplication in fission yeast induced by expression of wildtype rep suggesting that rep interacts via ...	2014	24999043
[determination method of linamarin in cassava products and beans by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry].	a rapid and simple method using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (uhplc-ms/ms) was developed for the determination of linamarin in cassava products and beans containing cyanogen compounds. linamarin was extracted with acetonitrile-water (3 : 1) cleaned up using an amino solid-phase extraction cartridge, and then determined by uhplc-ms/ms. the recoveries from cassava fortified at the levels of 10 μg/g and 100 μg/g were 96.1% and 95.3%, respectively, and t ...	2014	24990764
impact of genotype and cooking style on the content, retention, and bioacessibility of β-carotene in biofortified cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) conventionally bred in brazil.	biofortification is a strategy for decreasing micronutrient deficiencies in vulnerable populations by increasing nutrient density in staple food crops. roots from five varieties of cassava biofortified with β-carotene (βc), three parental accessions, and one variety of commonly consumed white cassava from brazil were investigated. roots from biofortified varieties contained up to 23-fold higher βc than white cassava, and the additional complement of βc was primarily the all-trans isomer. at leas ...	2014	24970565
fat substitutes in processing of sausages using piramutaba waste.	the aim of this study was to evaluate fat substitute in processing of sausages prepared with surimi of waste from piramutaba filleting. the formulation ingredients were mixed with the fat substitutes added according to a fractional planning 2(4-1), where the independent variables, manioc starch (ms), hydrogenated soy fat (f), texturized soybean protein (tsp) and carrageenan (cg) were evaluated on the responses of ph, texture (tx), raw batter stability (rbs) and water holding capacity (whc) of th ...	2014	24966419
in vivo and in vitro decolorization of synthetic dyes by laccase from solid state fermentation with trametes sp. sybc-l4.	synthetic decolorization of dyes through solid cassava residue substrate fermentation with trametes sp. sybc-l4 via in vivo and in vitro processes was investigated in this study. effects of ph and mediator (1-hydroxybenzotriazole, hbt) concentration on dyes decolorization were evaluated. in vitro, decolorization ratios of dyes differed considerably in ph and increased with the increasing of hbt concentration. crude laccase (50 u/l) derived from trametes sp. sybc-l4 decolorized 67.91 ± 1.25 % con ...	2014	24951916
population typing of the causal agent of cassava bacterial blight in the eastern plains of colombia using two types of molecular markers.	molecular typing of pathogen populations is an important tool for the development of effective strategies for disease control. diverse molecular markers have been used to characterize populations of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam), the main bacterial pathogen of cassava. recently, diversity and population dynamics of xam in the colombian caribbean coast were estimated using aflps, where populations were found to be dynamic, diverse and with haplotypes unstable across time. aiming to e ...	2014	24946775
inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism markers for germplasm characterization in manihot esculenta (euphorbiaceae).	manioc, manihot esculenta, is economically important in many tropical and subtropical countries. the genetic variability of the species has not been fully explored, and new information may help expand its use. molecular markers based on retrotransposons have good potential for analysis of genetic diversity given their abundance in the genome. eight long terminal repeat retrotransposons were selected for the development of inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism markers. to test these primer ...	2014	24938466
assessment of bacterial bph gene in amazonian dark earth and their adjacent soils.	amazonian anthrosols are known to harbour distinct and highly diverse microbial communities. as most of the current assessments of these communities are based on taxonomic profiles, the functional gene structure of these communities, such as those responsible for key steps in the carbon cycle, mostly remain elusive. to gain insights into the diversity of catabolic genes involved in the degradation of hydrocarbons in anthropogenic horizons, we analysed the bacterial bph gene community structure, ...	2014	24927167
spatial distribution of mercury and arsenic levels in water, soil and cassava plants in a community with long history of gold mining in tanzania.	this study examined the spatial distribution of total mercury (thg) and total arsenic (tas) in water, soil and cassava (manihot esculenta) (leaves and roots) samples taken from areas in rwamagasa village in northwestern tanzania where daily living activities occur in close proximity to extensive artisanal and small scale gold mining. results indicated that 33.3 % of the water sources had thg levels above the who guideline of 1.0 µg/l for safe drinking water, and 12.5 % had tas levels above 10 µg ...	2014	24923470
effect of feeding cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake and haematological parameters of broiler chicks.	the effect of feeding cassava root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake, haematological indices and serum thiocyanate concentration of broiler chicks was investigated using 300-day-old male broilers. there were five dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of two processing methods of cassava root (peeled and unpeeled) included at two levels (100 and 200 g/kg) plus a control diet (maize-based diet, containing no cassava root). each treatment was replicated six ...	2014	24913764
a geographic distribution database of mononychellus mites (acari, tetranychidae) on cassava (manihot esculenta).	the genus mononychellus is represented by 28 herbivorous mites. some of them are notorious pests of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), a primary food crop in the tropics. with the exception of mononychellus tanajoa (bondar), their geographic distribution is not widely known. this article therefore reports observational and specimen-based occurrence data of mononychellus species associated with cassava. the dataset consists of 1,513 distribution records documented by the international center for ...	2014	24899828
virus versus host plant micrornas: who determines the outcome of the interaction?	considering the importance of micrornas (mirnas) in the regulation of essential processes in plant pathogen interactions, it is not surprising that, while plant mirna sequences counteract viral attack via antiviral rna silencing, viruses in turn have developed antihost defense mechanisms blocking these rna silencing pathways and establish a counter-defense. in the current study, computational and stem-loop reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) approaches were employed to a) ...	2014	24896088
reprogramming of cassava (manihot esculenta) microspores towards sporophytic development.	gametes have the unique potential to enter the sporophytic pathway, called androgenesis. the plants produced are usually haploid and recombinant due to the preceding meiosis and they can double their chromosome number to form doubled haploids, which are completely homozygous. availability of the doubled haploids facilitates mapping the genes of agronomically important traits, shortening the time of the breeding process required to produce new hybrids and homozygous varieties, and saving the time ...	2014	24887001
saccharification and liquefaction of cassava starch: an alternative source for the production of bioethanol using amylolytic enzymes by double fermentation process.	cassava starch is considered as a potential source for the commercial production of bioethanol because of its availability and low market price. it can be used as a basic source to support large-scale biological production of bioethanol using microbial amylases. with the progression and advancement in enzymology, starch liquefying and saccharifying enzymes are preferred for the conversion of complex starch polymer into various valuable metabolites. these hydrolytic enzymes can selectively cleave ...	2014	24885587
large-scale proteomics of the cassava storage root and identification of a target gene to reduce postharvest deterioration.	cassava (manihot esculenta) is the most important root crop in the tropics, but rapid postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd) of the root is a major constraint to commercial cassava production. we established a reliable method for image-based ppd symptom quantification and used label-free quantitative proteomics to generate an extensive cassava root and ppd proteome. over 2600 unique proteins were identified in the cassava root, and nearly 300 proteins showed significant abundance regulati ...	2014	24876255
effect of natamycin, nisin and glycerol on the physicochemical properties, roughness and hydrophobicity of tapioca starch edible films.	in this paper, films based on tapioca starch and containing nisin, natamycin and glycerol were characterized in relation to their physicochemical properties, roughness and hydrophobicity. the content of glycerol affected the mechanical properties of the films studied and the roughness and it was observed an increase in wvp with the increase in glycerol content. the addition of antimicrobials affected the mechanical properties, being nisin the one that produced the greater decrease in the young m ...	2014	24857495
transcriptional response of virus-infected cassava and identification of putative sources of resistance for cassava brown streak disease.	cassava (manihot esculenta) is a major food staple in sub-saharan africa, which is severely affected by cassava brown streak disease (cbsd). the aim of this study was to identify resistance for cbsd as well as to understand the mechanism of putative resistance for providing effective control for the disease. three cassava varieties; kaleso, kiroba and albert were inoculated with cassava brown streak viruses by grafting and also using the natural insect vector the whitefly, bemisia tabaci. kaleso ...	2014	24846209
cassava ivorian bacilliform virus is a member of the genus anulavirus.	the complete genomic sequence of cassava ivorian bacilliform virus (cibv) is described. the virus has a genomic organization similar to that of pelargonium zonate spot virus (pzsv), the type member of the genus anulavirus, but it is most closely related to a second, recently described, anulavirus, amazon lily mild mottle virus (alimmv).	2014	24838850
cloning, 3d modeling and expression analysis of three vacuolar invertase genes from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).	vacuolar invertase is one of the key enzymes in sucrose metabolism that irreversibly catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose in plants. in this research, three vacuolar invertase genes, named mevinv1-3, and with 653, 660 and 639 amino acids, respectively, were cloned from cassava. the motifs of ndpng (β-fructosidase motif), rdp and wecvd, which are conserved and essential for catalytic activity in the vacuolar invertase family, were found in mevinv1 and mevinv2. meanwhile, in ...	2014	24838076
metabolomics combined with chemometric tools (pca, hca, pls-da and svm) for screening cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots during postharvest physiological deterioration.	cassava roots are an important source of dietary and industrial carbohydrates and suffer markedly from postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd). this paper deals with metabolomics combined with chemometric tools for screening the chemical and enzymatic composition in several genotypes of cassava roots during ppd. metabolome analyses showed increases in carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolics, reactive scavenging species, and enzymes (superoxide dismutase family, hydrogen peroxide, ...	2014	24837923
ethno-medicinal knowledge and plants traditionally used to treat anemia in tanzania: a cross sectional survey.		2014	24835027
soil-to-root vegetable transfer factors for (226)ra, (232)th, (40)k, and (88)y in malaysia.	soil-to-plant transfer factors (tfs) are of fundamental importance in assessing the environmental impact due to the presence of radioactivity in soil and agricultural crops. tapioca and sweet potato, both root crops, are popular foodstuffs for a significant fraction of the malaysian population, and result in intake of radionuclides. for the natural field conditions experienced in production of these foodstuffs, tfs and the annual effective dose were evaluated for the natural radionuclides (226)r ...	2014	24814722
optical chemosensor for the detection of cyanide in water based on ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose functionalized with brooker's merocyanine.	ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose was functionalized with brooker's merocyanine. the modified polymer was easily transformed in a film, which could be used as a highly selective chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensor for the detection of cyanide in water, with detection limits of 1.9 × 10(-5) and 1.0 × 10(-7) mol l(-1). the film was successfully applied to the detection of cyanide in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots, which are a well-known source of endogenous biological cyanide.	2014	24805864
low-fat frankfurters from protein concentrates of tilapia viscera and mechanically separated tilapia meat.	in order to develop a healthy low-fat frankfurter-type sausage, different formulations were developed with tilapia viscera surimi (t1) and two with mechanically separated tilapia meat (mstm) surimi (t2 and t3), all without pig lard addition. due to technological problems observed for t1 sausage during cooking, it was not further investigated. the functionality of the other two formulations was evaluated based on proximate composition, ph, water activity, and texture. finally, microbiological and ...	2013	24804055
sensorial evolution of cassava flour (manihot esculenta crantz) added to protein concentrate cassava leaves.	cassava is regarded as the nutritional base of populations in developing countries, and flour, product made of cassava, is the most consumed in the world. the cassava leaves are very rich in vegetable proteins, but a big amount is lost in processing the crop. the objective of this study was to do a sensory evaluation of cassava flour to which a protein concentrate obtained from cassava leaves (cpml) was added. the cpml was obtained from cassava leaves by isoelectric precipitation and added to ca ...	2013	24804041
improvement in the traditional processing method and nutritional quality of traditional extruded cassava-based snack (modified ajogun).	this study was carried out to investigate and improve the traditional processing method and nutritional quality of the traditional cassava snack (ajogun). cassava root (manihot esculenta crantz l.) of tme 419 variety was processed into mash (40% moisture content). the cassava mash was mixed into different blends to produce fried traditional "ajogun", fried and baked extrudates (modified ajogun) as snacks. these products were analyzed to determine the proximate composition including carbohydrate, ...	2013	24804039
species and endosymbiont diversity of bemisia tabaci (homoptera: aleyrodidae) on vegetable crops in senegal.	bemisia tabaci-transmitted geminiviruses are one of the major threats on cassava and vegetable crops in africa. however, to date, few studies are available on the diversity of b. tabaci and their associated endosymbionts in africa. more than 28 species have been described in the complex of b. tabaci cryptic species; among them, 2 are invasive pests worldwide: med and meam1. in order to assess the species diversity of b. tabaci in vegetable crops in senegal, several samplings in different localit ...	2015	24789572
simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cassava to succinic acid by escherichia coli nzn111.	in this study, the production of succinic acid from cassava starch and raw cassava instead of glucose by escherichia coli nzn111 was investigated. during the two-stage fermentation, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) was applied in the anaerobic stage. the results showed that both the productivity and specific productivity in the process conducted at 40°c were higher than those in the cultivation conducted at 37°c. the yield of succinic acid based on the amount of added starch ...	2014	24787322
genome-wide identification, 3d modeling, expression and enzymatic activity analysis of cell wall invertase gene family from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).	the cell wall invertases play a crucial role on the sucrose metabolism in plant source and sink organs. in this research, six cell wall invertase genes (mecwinv1-6) were cloned from cassava. all the mecwinvs contain a putative signal peptide with a predicted extracellular location. the overall predicted structures of the mecwinv1-6 are similar to atcwinv1. their n-terminus domain forms a β-propeller module and three conserved sequence domains (ndpng, rdp and wecp(v)d), in which the catalytic res ...	2014	24786092
growth inhibition of thermotolerant yeast, kluyveromyces marxianus, in hydrolysates from cassava pulp.	in this study, we report the inhibition of kluyveromyces marxianus tistr5925 growth and ethanol fermentation in the presence of furan derivatives and weak acids (acetic acid and lactic acid) at high temperatures. cassava pulp, obtained as the waste from starch processing, was collected from 14 starch factories located in several provinces of thailand. at a high temperature (42 °c), the cassava pulp hydrolysate from some starch factories strongly inhibited growth and ethanol production of both k. ...	2014	24781978
dietary sources of fiber intake in brazil.	the objective of this study was to estimate the household availability of fibers in brazil and to identify the dietary sources of this nutrient. data from the 2008-2009 household budget survey were used to estimate national household availability and density of fibers and also according to stratifications defined by income level, five regions and area (rural or urban). the contribution of the different food groups, classified by the nature, extent and purpose of processing, to total fibers avail ...	2014	24769296
a complex population structure of the cassava pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in recent years in the caribbean region of colombia.	cassava bacterial blight, caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam), is the most important bacterial disease affecting this crop. a continuous surveillance of the pathogen population dynamics is required to develop an efficient disease management program. during the 1990s, xam populations showed high levels of genetic variation and relevant migratory processes that were important determinants of the distribution of the pathogen diversity in colombia. aiming to characterize the current ...	2014	24760168
application of oxidized starch in bake-only chicken nuggets.	there is a need to reduce the fat content in fried foods because of increasing health concerns from consumers. oxidized starches have been utilized in many coating applications for their adhesion ability. however, it is not known if they perform similarly in bake-only products. this study investigated the application of oxidized starch in bake-only chicken nuggets. oxidized starches were prepared from 7 starches and analyzed for gelatinization and pasting properties. chicken nuggets were prepare ...	2014	24754843
survey on whiteflies and their parasitoids in cassava mosaic pandemic areas of tanzania using morphological and molecular techniques.	bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is the vector of cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs) and cassava brown streak viruses (cbsvs) in africa, which cause devastating yield losses. as a prerequisite to developing biological control methods and enhancing knowledge of the fauna of whitefly parasitoids in sub-saharan africa, endemic parasitoids were surveyed in the cassava-growing regions of tanzania and analysed using both morphological and molecular methods. an attempt was made to corroborate the identifica ...	2015	24753389
adaptability in stone tool use by wild capuchin monkeys (sapajus libidinosus).	capuchin monkeys are well known for population variation in the use of stone tools and the types of food items consumed. in order to determine adaptability in stone tool use, we investigated a never before studied population of wild capuchin monkey (sapajus libidinosus) displaying terrestrial habits in a caatinga environment. to carry out this study we recorded physical evidence of the use of stone tools as well as made direct observations through trap cameras. during a 15-month period, we studi ...	2014	24753103
effects of pulsed electric field treatments on some properties of tapioca starch.	tapioca starch-water dispersions (8.0%, w/w) were subject to pulsed electric fields (pef) at 30, 40 and 50 kv cm(-1), respectively. the effect of the intense energy input (q) of pef treatment (over 28.85 j g(-1)) on the functionality of tapioca starch was investigated. scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the dissociation and damage of pef treated tapioca starch granules. x-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that tapioca starch tended to transform from crystalline to amorphous struc ...	2012	24750906
identification of bacillus species occurring in kantong, an acid fermented seed condiment produced in ghana.	kantong is a condiment produced in ghana by the spontaneous fermentation of kapok tree (ceiba pentandra) seeds with cassava flour as an additive. fermentation is over a 48h period followed by a drying and a kneading process. although lactic acid bacteria (lab) have previously been identified other micro-organisms may also be involved in the fermentation process. in this study we examined the occurrence of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria (aeb) in raw materials, during fermentation and in the f ...	2014	24747716
waste biogas residue from cassava dregs as carbon source to produce galactomyces sp. cczu11-1 cellulase and its enzymatic saccharification.	in the conversion of cassava starch dregs to biogas by anaerobic fermentation, the biogas residue (br) containing lignocellulosic materials still remained in the environment. in order to effectively utilize br, the complexed 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate ([mmim]dmp) media were used for pretreating cellulosic materials. after the optimization of pretreatment, the il [mmim]dmp-hcl-water (78.5:1.5:20, w/w/w) pretreament media were used for pretreating br at 130 °c for 30 min. furt ...	2014	24733531
comparison of leaf proteomes of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cultivar nz199 diploid and autotetraploid genotypes.	cassava polyploid breeding has drastically improved our knowledge on increasing root yield and its significant tolerance to stresses. in polyploid cassava plants, increases in dna content highly affect cell volumes and anatomical structures. however, the mechanism of this effect is poorly understood. the purpose of the present study was to compare and validate the changes between cassava cultivar nz199 diploid and autotetraploid at proteomic levels. the results showed that leaf proteome of cassa ...	2014	24727655
aspergillus 6v4, a strain isolated from manipueira, produces high amylases levels by using wheat bran as a substrate.	the aim of this study was screening fungi strains, isolated from manipueira (a liquid subproduct obtained from the flour production of manihot esculenta), for amylases production and investigating production of these enzymes by the strain aspergillus 6v4. the fungi isolated from manipueira belonged to ascomycota phylum. the strain aspergillus 6v4 was the best amylase producer in the screening assay of starch hydrolysis in petri dishes (ashpd) and in the assay in submerged fermentation (asbf). th ...	2014	24724017
influence of varying levels of supplemental cassava root meal without or with groundnut cake on performance of growing laisind cattle.	the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of varying levels of cassava root meal (crm, 300 and 1,000 g), without or with 700 g groundnut cake (gnc) on intake and performance of growing laisind cattle fed with a basal diet of urea-treated rice straw (urtrs). twenty-four male cattle of crossbred laisind (50% red sindhi and 50 % local yellow, both bos indicus), from 15 to 17 months of age, 165-175 kg body weight, were used. they were assigned to a completely randomiz ...	2014	24715209
biology and management of bemisia whitefly vectors of cassava virus pandemics in africa.	cassava mosaic disease and cassava brown streak disease are caused by viruses transmitted by bemisia tabaci and affect approximately half of all cassava plants in africa, resulting in annual production losses of more than $us 1 billion. a historical and current bias towards virus rather than vector control means that these diseases continue to spread, and high bemisia populations threaten future virus spread even if the extant strains and species are controlled. progress has been made in parts o ...	2014	24706604
slow glucose release property of enzyme-synthesized highly branched maltodextrins differs among starch sources.	seven types of starch (waxy corn, normal corn, waxy rice, normal rice, waxy potato, normal potato, and tapioca) were selected to produce slowly digestible maltodextrins by enzymatic modification using a previously developed procedure. branching enzyme (be) alone and in combination with β-amylase (ba) were used to increase the amount of α-1,6 branching points, which are slowly hydrolyzed by mucosal α-glucosidases in the small intestine. the enzymatic treatments of all starches resulted in a reduc ...	2014	24702934
degradation of soil cyanide by single and mixed cultures of pseudomonas stutzeri and bacillus subtilis.	the aim of this investigation was to study whether certain bacteria could be used for cyanide degradation in soil. the bacteria pseudomonas stutzeri and bacillus subtilis were selected based on their good growth in a minimal medium containing 0.8 mg ml-1 potassium cyanide (kcn). in this study we tested their ability to reduce cyanide levels in a medium containing 1.5 mg ml-1 of kcn. although both microorganisms reduced cyanide levels, pseudomonas stutzeri was the more effective test organism. la ...	2014	24670334
use of pcr-dhplc with fluorescence detection for the characterization of the bacterial diversity during cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) fermentation.	denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dhplc) has been described as a suitable method to study dna polymorphisms. here, cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) fermentation liquor was examined using dhplc analysis to characterize the bacterial diversity during the fermentation process. gc-clamped amplicons corresponding to a variable region of the bacterial community 16s rdna were synthesized using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and then resolved on a base-composition basis using prepara ...	2014	24634228
enhancement of methane production from co-digestion of chicken manure with agricultural wastes.	the potential for methane production from semi-solid chicken manure (cm) and mixture of agricultural wastes (aws) in a co-digestion process has been experimentally evaluated at thermophilic and mesophilic temperatures. to the best of author(')s knowledge, it is the first time that cm is co-digested with mixture of aws consisting of coconut waste, cassava waste, and coffee grounds. two types of anaerobic digestion processes (ad process) were used, process 1 (p1) using fresh cm (fcm) and process 2 ...	2014	24632629
reference values of lead in blood and related factors among blood donors in the western amazon, brazil.	the aim of this study was to (1) determine the reference value of blood lead levels (bll) in a sample of blood donors of rio branco, the capital city of acre, in the western brazilian amazon, and (2) explore factors influencing lead (pb) exposure levels. between 2010 and 2011, blood samples were collected from universal blood donors attending the central hemotherapic unit in rio branco with a total number of 1196. information on characteristics of 1183 donors was obtained through questionnaires. ...	2014	24627997
development of cassava periclinal chimera may boost production.	plant periclinal chimeras are genotypic mosaics arranged concentrically. trials to produce them to combine different species have been done, but pratical results have not been achieved. we report for the second time the development of a very productive interspecific periclinal chimera in cassava. it has very large edible roots up to 14 kg per plant at one year old compared to 2-3 kg in common varieties. the epidermal tissue formed was from manihot esculenta cultivar unb 032, and the subepidermal ...	2014	24615046
process optimization and production kinetics for cellulase production by trichoderma viride vkf3.	microbial cellulases are the enzymes widely studied due to their enormous applications in biochemical industry. among 12 fungal isolates isolated from mangrove plant debris and soil sample collected from valanthakad mangroves, kerala, india, 3 of them were found to exhibit cellulolytic activity. among them, the most potent isolate which exhibited maximum cellulolytic activity was identified as trichoderma viride vkf3 [gene bank accession number- jx683684.1] based on colony morphology, microscopi ...	2014	24600546
characterization of modified tapioca starch solutions and their sprays for high temperature coating applications.	the objective of the research was to understand and improve the unusual physical and atomization properties of the complexes/adhesives derived from the tapioca starch by addition of borate and urea. the characterization of physical properties of the synthesized adhesives was carried out by determining the effect of temperature, shear rate, and mass concentration of thickener/stabilizer on the complex viscosity, density, and surface tension. in later stage, phenomenological analyses of spray jet ...	2014	24592165
effect of corn steep liquor (csl) and cassava wastewater (cw) on chitin and chitosan production by cunninghamella elegans and their physicochemical characteristics and cytotoxicity.	microbiological processes were used for chitin and chitosan production with cunninghamella elegans ucp/wfcc 0542 grown in different concentrations of two agro-industrial wastes, corn steep liquor (csl) and cassava wastewater (cw) established using a 2² full factorial design. the polysaccharides were extracted by alkali-acid treatment and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, viscosity, thermal analysis, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. the cytotoxicity of ...	2014	24590203
tapioca melanoma of the iris without iris heterochromia.	a case of a teenage girl with tapioca melanoma of the iris is presented. this case is unusual, as the patient did not have heterochromia and did not present with elevated intraocular pressure.	2014	24584308
a study of aspergillus niger- hydrolyzed cassava peel meal as a carbohydrate source on the histology of broiler chickens.	the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of hydrolysed cassava peel inclusion as a replacement for maize in broiler chicken feedstuff on the histology of the internal organs of broiler chickens. thirty six, two weeks old unsexed broiler chickens were used for the study in a feeding trial of forty two days. the chickens were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments a - f using a completely randomized design. each treatment group contained two replicates of three broiler chickens ...	2014	24555165
high bioethanol titre from manihot glaziovii through fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation in automatic gas potential test system.	a process for the production of high bioethanol titre was established through fed-batch and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (fb-ssf) of wild, non-edible cassava manihot glaziovii. fb-ssf allowed fermentation of up to 390g/l of starch-derived glucose achieving high bioethanol concentration of up to 190g/l (24% v/v) with yields of around 94% of the theoretical value. the wild cassava m. glaziovii starch is hydrolysable with a low dosage of amylolytic enzymes (0.1-0.15% v/w, termamyl ...	2014	24534761
effect of cassava bioethanol by-product and crude palm oil in brahman x thai native yearling heifer cattle diets: i. nutrient digestibility and growth performance.	the effects of cassava bioethanol by-product (cep) and crude palm oil (cpo) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of yearling heifers were investigated in a 150-day feeding trial. eighteen, crossbred heifers (brahman x thai native) were randomly allotted according to 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. low or high levels of cep (15 or 30% of concentrate, lcep, or hcep) were basal treatments and 0, 2, and 4% cpo were daily top-dressed. concentrate was supplemented at 1.75% of bo ...	2014	24510198
impregnation of cinnamaldehyde into cassava starch biocomposite films using supercritical fluid technology for the development of food active packaging.	in this work, supercritical solvent impregnation (ssi) has been tested for the incorporation of natural compounds into biocomposite materials for food packaging. cinnamaldehyde, with proved antimicrobial activity against fungi commonly found in bread products, was successfully impregnated on biocomposite cassava starch based materials using supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent. different process experimental conditions were tested (pressure, impregnation time and depressurization rate) at a f ...	2014	24507353
modification of tapioca starch by non-chemical route using jet atmospheric argon plasma.	non-chemical modification of tapioca starch was investigated using jet atmospheric argon plasma treatment. two forms of starch slurry, i.e. granular starch (g) and cooked starch (c), were jet-treated by argon plasma generated by supplying input power of 50 w (denoted as g50 and c50 samples) and 100 w (denoted as g100 and c100 samples) for 5 min. physical, rheological, and structural characteristics of the modified starch were investigated. the g50 and c100 samples had lower paste clarity but hig ...	2014	24507348
xanthan from sulphuric acid treated tapioca pulp: influence of acid concentration on xanthan fermentation.	xanthan gum was produced by fermentation of sulphuric acid pre-treated tapioca pulp. effect of sulphuric acid concentration (0.5%, 2.5% and 5.0%) on xanthan fermentation was investigated. maximum xanthan yield (7.1g/l) was obtained with 0.5% sulphuric acid pre-treatment. further, increase in sulphuric acid concentration caused formation of inhibitory substance and lowered xanthan yield. the product was confirmed as xanthan using ftir, (1)h nmr analyses. viscosity was measured by brookfield visco ...	2014	24507334
brazil's staple food and incident diabetes.	the aim of this study was to investigate the association of brazil's staple food, rice, beans and manioc, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 (t2dm) in adults assisted by a brazilian family doctor program (fdp).	2014	24484685
direct fermentation of raw starch using a kluyveromyces marxianus strain that expresses glucoamylase and alpha-amylase to produce ethanol.	raw starch and raw cassava tuber powder were directly and efficiently fermented at elevated temperatures to produce ethanol using the thermotolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus that expresses α-amylase from aspergillus oryzae as well as α-amylase and glucoamylase from debaryomyces occidentalis. among the constructed k. marxianus strains, yrl 009 had the highest efficiency in direct starch fermentation. raw starch from corn, potato, cassava, or wheat can be fermented at temperatures higher than ...	2014	24478139
ipomovirus--an atypical genus in the family potyviridae transmitted by whiteflies.	ipomoviruses (genus ipomovirus) are whitefly-transmitted viruses assigned to the family potyviridae. they are characterised by filamentous flexible particles and a positive-sense single-stranded rna (+ssrna) genome. the viral genome is translated into a polyprotein precursor, which is processed into mature proteins and a short overlapping open reading frame. the genus ipomovirus contains four accepted species and one unapproved species, and two other tentative members have recently been characte ...	2014	24464680
photosynthetic responses of cassava cultivars (manihot esculenta crantz) from different habitats to temperature.	maximum photosynthetic co2 exchange rates (pn) of single attached leaves were determined for several cassava cultivars selected from different habitats and grown in pots outdoors at ciat, colombia, s.a. pn rates were in a narrow range of 22 to 26 μmol co2 m(-2)s(-1) for all cultivars tested when measured at high photon flux density, normal air, optimum temperature and with low leaf-air vapor pressure differences. for all tested cultivars (9 cvs.), there was a broad optimum temperature for pn bet ...	1984	24458700
dna-a of a highly pathogenic indian cassava mosaic virus isolated from jatropha curcas causes symptoms in nicotiana benthamiana.	jatropha curcas mosaic disease (jcmd) is a newly emerging disease that has been reported in africa and india. here, we report the complete nucleotide sequence of a new indian cassava mosaic virus isolate (icmv-sg) from singapore. infection of icmv-sg showed more severe jcmd in jatropha curcas and nicotiana benthamiana than the other icmv isolates reported previously, though icmv-sg shares high sequence identity with the other icmv isolates. agroinfectious dna-a alone sufficiently induced systemi ...	2014	24445901
assessment of different carbohydrates as exogenous carbon source in cultivation of cyanobacteria.	glucose is the substrate most widely used as exogenous carbon source for heterotrophic cultivation of cyanobacteria. due to limited information about the use of different carbohydrates as carbon sources to support cyanobacterial heterotrophic metabolism, the objective of this work was to evaluate different monosaccharides (arabinose, fructose, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose), disaccharides (lactose, maltose, sucrose and trehalose) and polysaccharides (carboxymethylcellulose, cassava star ...	2014	24445336
c3-c 4 intermediate photosynthetic characteristics of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) : ii. initial products of(14)co 2 fixation.	cassava, bean and maize leaves were fed with(14)co2 in light and the primary products of photosynthesis identified 5 and 10 seconds after assimilation. in maize, approximately three quarters of the labelled carbon was incorporated in c4 acids, in beans about two thirds in pga, and in cassava approximately 40-60% in c4 acids with 30-50% in pga. these data indicate that cassava possesses the c4 photosynthetic cycle, however due to the lack of typical kranz anatomy appreciable carbon assimilation t ...	1987	24435690
c3-c 4 intermediate photosynthetic characteristics of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) : i. gas exchange.	the gas exchange characteristics of cassava were compared with one c3 species, common bean, and two c4 species, maize and amaranthus. cassava leaf photorespiration, about 12% of maximum net photosynthesis in normal air, and the co2 release in co2-free air under intense light were lower than the values typically reported for c3 species. the co2 compensation point of whole leaves (25 cm(3) co2m(-3)) was intermediate between c3 and c4 species values.gas exchange was restricted to either the upper o ...	1987	24435689
biopolymeric antimicrobial films: study of the influence of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, tapioca starch and glycerol contents on physical properties.	mixture design methodology was applied to study the effect of different levels of tapioca starch (ts), hydroxypropyl methylcelullose (hpmc), and glycerol (gly) on the physical properties of biopolymeric films supporting potassium sorbate (ks; 0.3% w/w) with the goal of contributing to the development of materials for preventing food surface contamination. mechanical properties, water vapour permeability (wvp), solubility in water (s) and colour attributes were evaluated on the films. hpmc additi ...	2014	24433893
integrative biological hydrogen production: an overview.	biological hydrogen (h2) production by dark and photo-fermentative organisms is a promising area of research for generating bioenergy. a large number of organisms have been widely studied for producing h2 from diverse feeds, both as pure and as mixed cultures. however, their h2 producing efficiencies have been found to vary (from 3 to 8 mol/mol hexose) with physiological conditions, type of organisms and composition of feed (starchy waste from sweet potato, wheat, cassava and algal biomass). the ...	2012	24426072
effects of solid content and temperature on viscosity of tapioca meal.	the effect of solid content (2.5-10%, w/v) and temperature (30-70°c) on the viscosity of tapioca meal from three cassava varieties was investigated in this study. viscosity measurements were conducted using a digital rotational brookfield viscometer. the viscosity of tapioca meal increased with increasing solid content and decreasing viscometer speeds. an empirical power-law equation fitted the viscosity data of the tapioca meals with correlation coefficients between 0.94 and 0.99. our results i ...	2013	24425955
an optimized protocol for the production of high purity maltose.	an economical protocol, which is simple, rapid and reproducible for the production of maltose by enzymatic hydrolysis of tapioca starch, has been optimized. the protocol involves liquefaction of 35% (w/w) tapioca starch by bacterial α-amylase at 78±2°c to 3 to 5% (w/w) reducing sugars, followed by maximal (85±3% w/w maltose equivalent) saccharification with barley β-amylase and pullulanase at 50°c for 24 to 30 h. the post-saccharification recovery protocol comprised decolourization by charcoal, ...	1992	24425521
cassava starch effluent treatment with concomitant scp production.	yeasts and yeast-like organisms were chosen for the aerobic treatment of cassava starch factory effluent. a mixed culture of candida utills and endomycopsis fibuliger efficiently and rapidly utilized both starch and free sugars. after 28 h fermentation the protein content of the biomass was 22% (w/w), which remained unchanged during the remainder of the fermentation (60 h). this treatment removed 94% of the cod and 91% of the bod.	1991	24424930
culture conditions for yellow pigment formation bymonascus sp. kb 10 grown on cassava medium.	an isolate ofmonascus, from a commercial, fermented soybean curd (sufu) was grown on a cassava medium. with medium at an initial ph of 7.0 an orange-red pigmentation was produced but with an initial ph below 4, a light golden pigment was obtained. a medium containing, w/v, 3% cassava starch, 0.4% peptone and 0.1% glutamic acid, with an initial ph of 2.5 was optimal for the production of this yellow pigment, which had a single maximum absorption spectrum at 330 nm. the spectroscopic characterizat ...	1993	24419847
optimization of single-cell-protein production from cassava starch using schwanniomyces castellii.	schwanniomyces castellii b5285 grew faster and produced greater biomass and higher protein yield than either s. alluvius atcc 26074 or s. alluvius 81y when these amylolytic yeasts were grown with 2% (w/v) cassava starch as sole c source. with 0.5% (w/v) glutamate as n source, s. castellii reached 7.12 g cell dry mass/l, with a protein yield of 6.4 g/100 g starch. the optimal agitation speed, aeration rate and ph for growth of this yeast in a fermenter were 400 rev/min, 1.67 vol./vol.min. and 5.0 ...	1995	24415004
mechanisms of increased linamarin degradation during solid-substrate fermentation of cassava.	several fungi and bacteria, isolated from ugandan domestic fermented cassava, released hcn from linamarin in defined growth media. in 72 h, a bacillus sp. decreased the linamarin to 1% of initial concentrations, mucor racemosus to 7%, rhizopus oryzae and r. stolonifer to 30%, but neurospora sitophila and geotrichum candidum hardly degraded the linamarin. adding pectolytic and cellulolytic enzymes, but not linamarase, to root pieces under aseptic conditions, led to root softening and significantl ...	1995	24414645
molecular cloning and characterization of a cassava translationally controlled tumor protein gene potentially related to salt stress response.	cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is one of the most important tropical crops showing tolerance to abiotic stress and adaptations to a wide range of environmental conditions. here, we aimed to isolate and characterize the full-length cdna and genomic sequences of a cassava translationally controlled tumor protein gene (metctp), and evaluate its potential role in response to salt stress. the metctp full-length cdna sequence encodes for a deduced protein with 168 amino acid residues, with theoret ...	2014	24413992
domain c of thermostable α-amylase of geobacillus thermoleovorans mediates raw starch adsorption.	the gene (1,542 bp) encoding thermostable ca(2+)-independent and raw starch hydrolyzing α-amylase of the extremely thermophilic bacterium geobacillus thermoleovorans encodes for a protein of 50 kda (gt-amyii) with 488 amino acids. the enzyme is optimally active at ph 7.0 and 60 °c with a t 1/2 of 19.4 h at 60 and 4 h at 70 °c. gt-amyii hydrolyses corn and tapioca raw starches efficiently and therefore finds application in starch saccharification at industrial sub-gelatinisation temperatures. the ...	2014	24413972
poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates production from cassava starch hydrolysate by cupriavidus sp. kku38.	a bacterium capable of accumulating polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas), cupriavidus sp. kku38 (genbank accession no. am260479), was isolated from cassava starch wastewater of cassava starch manufacturing process. kku38 can utilize glucose, fructose, maltose and xylose for pha production. glucose was the most suitable sugar for pha production giving the highest pha content and yield of 73.88% and 0.16 g/g-total sugar consumed, respectively. lactose and sucrose were not suitable carbon sources for both ...	2014	24412153
influence of material structure on air-borne ultrasonic application in drying.	this work aims to contribute to the understanding of how the properties of the material being dried affect air-borne ultrasonic application. to this end, the experimental drying kinetics (40°c and 1m/s) of cassava (manihot esculenta) and apple (malus domestica var. granny smith) were carried out applying different ultrasonic powers (0, 6, 12, 19, 25 and 31 kw/m(3)). furthermore, the power ultrasound-assisted drying kinetics of different fruits and vegetables (potato, eggplant, carrot, orange and ...	2014	24411471
properties of cassava starch-based edible coating containing essential oils.	edible coatings were produced using cassava starch (2% and 3% w/v) containing cinnamon bark (0.05% to 0.30% v/v) or fennel (0.05% to 0.30% v/v) essential oils. edible cassava starch coating at 2% and 3% (w/v) containing or not containing 0.30% (v/v) of each essential oils conferred increased in water vapor resistance and decreased in the respiration rates of coated apple slices when compared with uncoated fruit. cassava starch coatings (2% w/v) added 0.10% or 0.30% (v/v) fennel or cinnamon bark ...	2014	24410449
isolation and characterization of three cassava elongation factor 1 alpha (meef1a) promoters.	in plant genetic engineering, the identification of gene promoters leading to particular expression patterns is crucial for the development of new genetically modified plant generations. this research was conducted in order to isolate and characterize several new promoters from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) elongation factor 1 alpha (ef1a) gene family.three promoters meef1a3, meef1a5 and meef1a6 were successfully isolated [corrected]. sequence analyses showed that all of the promoters conta ...	2014	24404183
cyanide and aflatoxin loads of processed cassava (manihot esculenta) tubers (garri) in njaba, imo state, nigeria.	the present study sought to investigate the role of palm oil, in conjunction with the duration of fermentation, on cyanide and aflatoxin (aft) loads of processed cassava tubers (garri).	2013	24403736
unlocking the potential of tropical root crop biotechnology in east africa by establishing a genetic transformation platform for local farmer-preferred cassava cultivars.	cassava genetic transformation capacity is still mostly restricted to advanced laboratories in the usa, europe and china; and its implementation and maintenance in african laboratories has remained scarce. the impact of transgenic technologies for genetic improvement of cassava will depend largely on the transfer of such capabilities to researchers in africa, where cassava has an important socioeconomic niche. a major constraint to the development of genetic transformation technologies for cassa ...	2013	24400011
unraveling complex viral infections in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) from colombia.	in the americas, different disease symptoms have been reported in cassava including leaf mosaics, vein clearings, mottles, ring spots, leaf distortions and undeveloped and deformed storage roots. some viruses have been identified and associated with these symptoms while others have been reported in symptomless plants or latent infections. we observed that reoviruses associated with severe root symptoms (rs) of cassava frogskin disease (cfsd) are not associated with leaf symptoms (ls) observed in ...	2014	24374265
tropical myelopathies.	a large number of causal agents produce spinal cord lesions in the tropics. most etiologies found in temperate regions also occur in the tropics including trauma, herniated discs, tumors, epidural abscess, and congenital malformations. however, infectious and nutritional disorders occur with higher prevalence in tropical regions. among the most common infectious etiologies are tuberculous pott's disease, brucellosis, and neuroborreliosis. parasitic diseases such as schistosomiasis, neurocysticer ...	2014	24365434
phytic acid in green leaves.	phytic acid or phytate, the free-acid form of myo-inositolhexakiphosphate, is abundant in many seeds and fruits, where it represents the major storage form of phosphorus. although also known from other plant tissues, available reports on the occurrence of phytic acid, e.g. in leaves, have never been compiled, nor have they been critically reviewed. we found 45 published studies with information on phytic acid content in leaves. phytic acid was almost always detected when studies specifically tri ...	2014	24341824