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development of a 63k snp array for cotton and high-density mapping of intraspecific and interspecific populations of gossypium spp.high-throughput genotyping arrays provide a standardized resource for plant breeding communities that are useful for a breadth of applications including high-density genetic mapping, genome-wide association studies (gwas), genomic selection (gs), complex trait dissection, and studying patterns of genomic diversity among cultivars and wild accessions. we have developed the cottonsnp63k, an illumina infinium array containing assays for 45,104 putative intraspecific single nucleotide polymorphism ( ...201525908569
analyses of fusarium wilt race 3 resistance in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).fusarium wilt [fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (fov) atk. sny & hans] represents a serious threat to cotton (gossypium spp.) production. for the last few decades, the fov pathogen has become a significant problem in uzbekistan causing severe wilt disease and yield losses of g. hirsutum l. cultivars. we present the first genetic analyses of fov race 3 resistance on uzbek cotton germplasm with a series of field and greenhouse artificial inoculation-evaluations and inheritance studies. the fie ...201525896369
molecular cloning of a dehydration-responsive protein gene (mrd22) from mulberry, and determination of abiotic stress patterns of mrd22 gene expression.a full-length cdna sequence coding for dehydration-responsive protein gene of mulberry tree, which we designated was mrd22 (genbank accession number: jq804833) was cloned based on mulberry expressed sequence tags (ests). mrd22 is 1503 bp long, contains a 334 bp 5'-utr (untranslated region) and a 563 bp 3'-utr, encodes 201 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 54.28 kda and an isoelectric point of 9.35. phylogenetic analysis based on mrd22 sequences from different species showed that m ...201525895340
molecular mapping of restriction-site associated dna markers in allotetraploid upland cotton.upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l., 2n = 52, aadd) is an allotetraploid, therefore the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers is difficult. the recent emergence of genome complexity reduction technologies based on the next-generation sequencing (ngs) platform has greatly expedited snp discovery in crops with highly repetitive and complex genomes. here we applied restriction-site associated dna (rad) sequencing technology for de novo snp discovery in allotetraploid cotton. we ...201525894395
sequencing of allotetraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. acc. tm-1) provides a resource for fiber improvement.upland cotton is a model for polyploid crop domestication and transgenic improvement. here we sequenced the allotetraploid gossypium hirsutum l. acc. tm-1 genome by integrating whole-genome shotgun reads, bacterial artificial chromosome (bac)-end sequences and genotype-by-sequencing genetic maps. we assembled and annotated 32,032 a-subgenome genes and 34,402 d-subgenome genes. structural rearrangements, gene loss, disrupted genes and sequence divergence were more common in the a subgenome than i ...201525893781
genome sequence of cultivated upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum tm-1) provides insights into genome evolution.gossypium hirsutum has proven difficult to sequence owing to its complex allotetraploid (atdt) genome. here we produce a draft genome using 181-fold paired-end sequences assisted by fivefold bac-to-bac sequences and a high-resolution genetic map. in our assembly 88.5% of the 2,173-mb scaffolds, which cover 89.6%∼96.7% of the atdt genome, are anchored and oriented to 26 pseudochromosomes. comparison of this g. hirsutum atdt genome with the already sequenced diploid gossypium arboreum (aa) and gos ...201525893780
arabidopsis edt1/hdg11 improves drought and salt tolerance in cotton and poplar and increases cotton yield in the field.drought and salinity are two major environmental factors limiting crop production worldwide. improvement of drought and salt tolerance of crops with transgenic approach is an effective strategy to meet the demand of the ever-growing world population. arabidopsis enhanced drought tolerance1/homeodomain glabrous11 (atedt1/hdg11), a homeodomain-start transcription factor, has been demonstrated to significantly improve drought tolerance in arabidopsis, tobacco, tall fescue and rice. here we report t ...201625879154
bac-end sequence-based snp mining in allotetraploid cotton (gossypium) utilizing resequencing data, phylogenetic inferences, and perspectives for genetic mapping.a bacterial artificial chromosome library and bac-end sequences for cultivated cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) have recently been developed. this report presents genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) mining utilizing resequencing data with bac-end sequences as a reference by alignment of 12 g. hirsutum l. lines, one g. barbadense l. line, and one g. longicalyx hutch and lee line. a total of 132,262 intraspecific snps have been developed for g. hirsutum, whereas 223,138 and 470,631 inte ...201525858960
cottonseed protein, oil, and mineral status in near-isogenic gossypium hirsutum cotton lines expressing fuzzy/linted and fuzzless/linted seed phenotypes under field conditions.cotton is an important crop in the world and is a major source of oil for human consumption and cotton meal for livestock. cottonseed nutrition (seed composition: protein, oil, and minerals) determines the quality of seeds. therefore, maintaining optimum levels of cottonseed nutrition is critical. physiological and genetic mechanisms controlling the levels of these constituents in cottonseed are still largely unknown. our previous research conducted under greenhouse conditions showed that seed a ...201525852704
genome-wide analysis of the family 1 glycosyltransferases in cotton.family 1 gt, designated as ugt, is the largest and most functionally important multigene family in the plant kingdom. in this study, we carried out a genome-wide identification, analysis, and comparison of 142, 146, and 196 putative ugts from gossypium raimondii, gossypium arboreum, and gossypium hirsutum, respectively. all members present the 44 amino-acid conserved consensus sequence termed the plant secondary product glycosyltransferase motif. according to the phylogenetic relationship among ...201525851236
global analysis of the gossypium hirsutum l. transcriptome during leaf senescence by rna-seq.leaf senescence is an important developmental programmed degeneration process that dramatically affects crop quality and yield. the regulation of senescence is highly complex. although senescence regulatory genes have been well characterized in model species such as arabidopsis and rice, there is little information on the control of this process in cotton. here, the senescence process in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) leaves was investigated over a time course including young leaf, mature leaf a ...201525849479
rna-seq analysis of short fiber mutants ligon-lintless-1 (li 1 ) and - 2 (li 2 ) revealed important role of aquaporins in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber elongation.cotton fiber length is a key determinant of fiber quality for the textile industry. understanding the molecular basis of fiber elongation would provide a means for improvement of fiber length. ligon lintless-1 (li 1 ) and ligon lintless-2 (li 2 ) are monogenic and dominant mutations, that result in an extreme reduction in the length of lint fiber to approximately 6 mm on mature seeds. in a near-isogenic state with wild type (wt) cotton these two short fiber mutants provide an excellent model sys ...201525848981
genetic diversity, population structure and marker trait associations for seed quality traits in cotton (gossypium hirsutum).cottonseed contains 16% seed oil and 23% seed protein by weight. high levels of palmitic acid provides a degree of stability to the oil, while the presence of bound gossypol in proteins considerably changes their properties, including their biological value. this study uses genetic principles to identify genomic regions associated with seed oil, protein and fibre content in upland cotton cultivars. cotton association mapping panel representing the us germplasm were genotyped using amplified frag ...201525846880
spatial and temporal dynamics of stink bugs in southeastern farmscapes.a 3-yr study (2009-2011) was conducted to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of stink bugs in three commercial farmscapes. study locations were replicated in south carolina and georgia, in an agriculturally diverse region known as the southeastern coastal plain. crops included wheat, triticum aestivum (l.), corn, zea mays (l.), soybean, glycine max (l.), cotton, gossypium hirsutum (l.), and peanut, arachis hypogaea (l.). farmscapes were sampled weekly using whole-plant examinations for co ...201525843577
down-regulation of the cotton endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene kor1 disrupts endosperm cellularization, delays embryo development, and reduces early seedling vigour.towards the aim of examining the potential function of korrigan (kor), a highly conserved membrane-bound endoglucanase, in reproductive development, here transgenic evidence is provided that a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) endoglucanase, ghkor1, plays significant roles in endosperm and embryo development. rna interference (rnai)- and co-suppression-mediated down-regulation of ghkor1 resulted in smaller filial tissue and reduced seed weight, which were characterized by disrupted endosperm cellulari ...201525805716
physiological performance and differential expression profiling of genes associated with drought tolerance in root tissue of four contrasting varieties of two gossypium species.root growth in drying soil is generally limited by a combination of mechanical impedance and water stress. as the major function of root tissue is water and nutrient uptake, so it imparts an important role in plant growth and stress management. previously, we have studied physiological performance and expression profiling of gene associated with drought tolerance in leaf tissue of four cotton varieties. here, we have further continued our studies with the root tissue of these varieties. the goss ...201625802007
functional characterization of a strong bi-directional constitutive plant promoter isolated from cotton leaf curl burewala virus.cotton leaf curl burewala virus (clcubuv), belonging to the genus begomovirus, possesses single-stranded monopartite dna genome. the bidirectional promoters representing rep and coat protein (cp) genes of clcubuv were characterized and their efficacy was assayed. rep and cp promoters of clcubuv and 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) were fused with β-glucuronidase (gus) and green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter genes. gus activity in individual plant cells driven by rep, cp and 3 ...201525799504
distribution and evolution of cotton fiber development genes in the fibreless gossypium raimondii genome.cotton fiber represents the largest single cell in plants and they serve as models to study cell development. this study investigated the distribution and evolution of fiber unigenes anchored to recombination hotspots between tetraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum) at and dt subgenomes, and within a parental diploid cotton (gossypium raimondii) d genome. comparative analysis of at vs d and dt vs d showed that 1) the d genome provides many fiber genes after its merger with another parental diploid ...201525796538
construction of a high-density genetic map and lint percentage and cottonseed nutrient trait qtl identification in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).upland cotton plays a critical role not only in the textile industry, but also in the production of important secondary metabolites, such as oil and proteins. construction of a high-density linkage map and identifying yield and seed trait quantitative trail loci (qtl) are prerequisites for molecular marker-assisted selective breeding projects. here, we update a high-density upland cotton genetic map from recombinant inbred lines. a total of 25,313 ssr primer pairs were screened for polymorphism ...201525796191
rnai construct of a cytochrome p450 gene cyp82d109 blocks an early step in the biosynthesis of hemigossypolone and gossypol in transgenic cotton plants.naturally occurring terpenoid aldehydes from cotton, such as hemigossypol, gossypol, hemigossypolone, and the heliocides, are important components of disease and herbivory resistance in cotton. these terpenoids are predominantly found in the glands. differential screening identified a cytochrome p450 cdna clone (cyp82d109) from a gossypium hirsutum cultivar that hybridized to mrna from glanded cotton but not glandless cotton. both the d genome cotton gossypium raimondii and a genome cotton gossy ...201525794893
complete genome sequences of two new virus isolates associated with cotton blue disease resistance breaking in brazil.since 2006, brazilian cotton (gossypium hirsutum) crops planted with cultivars that are resistant to cotton blue disease have developed a new disease termed "atypical" cotton blue disease or atypical vein mosaic disease. here, we describe the complete genomes of two virus isolates associated with this disease. the new virus isolates, called clrdv-acr3 and clrdv-ima2, were found to have a high degree of nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity to previously described isolates of cotton leafr ...201525772571
cotton qtldb: a cotton qtl database for qtl analysis, visualization, and comparison between gossypium hirsutum and g. hirsutum × g. barbadense populations.a specialized database currently containing more than 2200 qtl is established, which allows graphic presentation, visualization and submission of qtl. in cotton quantitative trait loci (qtl), studies are focused on intraspecific gossypium hirsutum and interspecific g. hirsutum × g. barbadense populations. these two populations are commercially important for the textile industry and are evaluated for fiber quality, yield, seed quality, resistance, physiological, and morphological trait qtl. with ...201525758743
construction of a high-density linkage map and mapping quantitative trait loci for somatic embryogenesis using leaf petioles as explants in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the first high-density linkage map was constructed to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for somatic embryogenesis (se) in cotton ( gossypium hirsutum l.) using leaf petioles as explants. cotton transformation is highly limited by only a few regenerable genotypes and the lack of understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of somatic embryogenesis (se) in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). to construct a more saturated linkage map and further identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for se ...201525758337
cadherin is involved in the action of bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac and cry2aa in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua.bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins are effective against some insect pests in sprays and transgenic crops, although the evolution of resistance could threaten the long-term efficacy of such bt use. one strategy to delay resistance to bt crops is to "pyramid" two or more bt proteins that bind to distinct receptor proteins within the insect midgut. the most common bt pyramid in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) employs cry1ac with cry2ab to target several key lepidopteran ...201525754522
gene-expression novelty in allopolyploid cotton: a proteomic perspective.allopolyploidization is accompanied by changes in gene expression that are thought to contribute to phenotypic diversification. here we describe global changes in the single-celled cotton fiber proteome of two natural allopolyploid species (gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense) and living models of their diploid parents using two different proteomic approaches. in total, 1323 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis spots and 1652 identified proteins by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantit ...201525735302
targeted lipidomics studies reveal that linolenic acid promotes cotton fiber elongation by activating phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol monophosphate biosynthesis.the membrane lipids from fast-elongating wild-type cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers at 10 days post-anthesis, wild-type ovules with fiber cells removed, and ovules from the fuzzless-lintless mutant harvested at the same age, were extracted, separated, and quantified. fiber cells contained significantly higher amounts of phosphatidylinositol (pi) than both ovule samples with pi 34:3 being the most predominant species. the genes encoding fatty acid desaturases (δ(15)ghfad), pi synthase (pis) and ...201525731673
overexpression of cotton rav1 gene in arabidopsis confers transgenic plants high salinity and drought sensitivity.rav (related to abi3/vp1) protein containing an ap2 domain in the n-terminal region and a b3 domain in the c-terminal region, which belongs to ap2 transcription factor family, is unique in higher plants. in this study, a gene (ghrav1) encoding a rav protein of 357 amino acids was identified in cotton (gossypium hirsutum). transient expression analysis of the egfp:ghrav1 fusion genes in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) epidermal cells revealed that ghrav1 protein was localized in the cell nucleus. qua ...201525710493
analyzing serial cdna libraries revealed reactive oxygen species and gibberellins signaling pathways in the salt response of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).by comparing series full-length cdna libraries stressed and control, the dynamic process of salt stress response in upland cotton was studied, and reactive oxygen species and gibberellins signaling pathways were proposed. the upland cotton is the most important fiber plant with highly salt tolerance. however, the molecular mechanism underlying salt tolerance in domesticated cotton was unclear. here, seven full-length cdna libraries were constructed for seedling roots of upland cotton 'zhong g 5' ...201525700980
comparative proteomic and biochemical analyses reveal different molecular events occurring in the process of fiber initiation between wild-type allotetraploid cotton and its fuzzless-lintless mutant.to explore lint fiber initiation-related proteins in allotetraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), a comparative proteomic analysis was performed between wild-type cotton (xu-142) and its fuzzless-lintless mutant (xu-142-fl) at five developmental time points for lint fiber initiation from -3 to +3 days post-anthesis (dpa). using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) combined with mass spectrometry (ms) analyses, 91 differentially accumulated protein (dap) species that are related to fiber ...201525700002
anther response to high-temperature stress during development and pollen thermotolerance heterosis as revealed by pollen tube growth and in vitro pollen vigor analysis in upland cotton.pollen tube growth in styles was strongly inhibited by temperature above 35 °c, and the yield of cotton decreased because of the adverse effect of high temperatures during square development. high-temperature stress during flowering influences the square development of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and cotton yield. although it is well known that square development is sensitive to high temperature, high-temperature sensitive stages of square development and the effects of high temperatur ...201525672505
steam explosion distinctively enhances biomass enzymatic saccharification of cotton stalks by largely reducing cellulose polymerization degree in g. barbadense and g. hirsutum.in this study, steam explosion pretreatment was performed in cotton stalks, leading to 5-6 folds enhancements on biomass enzymatic saccharification distinctive in gossypium barbadense and gossypium hirsutum species. sequential 1% h2so4 pretreatment could further increase biomass digestibility of the steam-exploded stalks, and also cause the highest sugar-ethanol conversion rates probably by releasing less inhibitor to yeast fermentation. by comparison, extremely high concentration alkali (16% na ...201525656866
enrichment of an intraspecific genetic map of upland cotton by developing markers using parental rad sequencing.rad sequencing was performed using dh962 and jimian5 as upland cotton mapping parents. sequencing data for dh962 and jimian5 were assembled into the genome sequences of ≈55.27 and ≈57.06 mb, respectively. analysing genome sequences of the two parents, 1,323 ssr, 3,838 insertion/deletion (indel), and 9,366 single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) primer pairs were developed. all of the ssrs, 121 indels, 441 snps, and other 6,747 primer pairs were screened in the two parents, and a total of 535 new po ...201525656006
measurements of transpiration isotopologues and leaf water to assess enrichment models in cotton.the two-pool and péclet effect models represent two theories describing mechanistic controls underlying leaf water oxygen isotope composition at the whole-leaf level (δ(18) ol ). to test these models, we used a laser spectrometer coupled to a gas-exchange cuvette to make online measurements of δ(18) o of transpiration (δ(18) otrans ) and transpiration rate (e) in 61 cotton (gossypium hirsutum) leaves. δ(18) otrans measurements permitted direct calculation of δ(18) o at the sites of evaporation ( ...201525643590
comparative analysis of resistance gene analogues encoding nbs-lrr domains in cotton.plant production is severely affected by biotic and abiotic stresses r-genes exhibit resistance against a range of diseases and pathogens in plants. the nucleotide binding site and leucine rich repeat (nbs-lrr) class of r-genes is the most comprehensively studied in terms of sequence evolution and genome distribution. the differential response for resistance against biotic and abiotic stress has been observed in cultivated and wild relatives of the genus gossypium.201625640313
mosquito larvicidal potential of gossypium hirsutum (bt cotton) leaves extracts against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi larvae.we aimed to extract the ingredients from leaves of gossypium hirsutum (bt cotton) using different solvents and evaluate for potential use to control different larval stages of mosquito species, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi.201325629069
kinesin-4 functions in vesicular transport on cortical microtubules and regulates cell wall mechanics during cell elongation in plants.in plants, anisotropic cell expansion depends on cortical microtubules that serve as tracks along which macromolecules and vesicles are transported by the motor kinesins of unknown identities. we used cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers that underwent robust elongation to discover kinesins that are involved in cell elongation and found gh kinesin-4a expressed abundantly. the motor was detected by immunofluorescence on vesicle-like structures that were associated with cortical microtubules. in ara ...201525600279
physiological effects of meloidogyne incognita infection on cotton genotypes with differing levels of resistance in the greenhouse.greenhouse tests were conducted to evaluate (i) the effect of meloidogyne incognita infection in cotton on plant growth and physiology including the height-to-node ratio, chlorophyll content, dark-adapted quantum yield of photosystem ii, and leaf area; and (ii) the extent to which moderate or high levels of resistance to m. incognita influenced these effects. cultivars fibermax 960 br (susceptible to m. incognita) and stoneville 5599 br (moderately resistant) were tested together in three trials ...201425580028
site specific nematode management-development and success in cotton production in the united states.variability in edaphic factors such as clay content, organic matter, and nutrient availability within individual fields is a major obstacle confronting cotton producers. adaptation of geospatial technologies such global positioning systems (gps), yield monitors, autosteering, and the automated on-and-off technology required for site-specific nematicide application has provided growers with additional tools for managing nematodes. multiple trials in several states were conducted to evaluate this ...201425580023
functional characterization of an anthocyanidin reductase gene from the fibers of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum).metabolic profiling, gene cloning, enzymatic analysis, ectopic expression, and gene silencing experiments demonstrate that the anthocyanidin reductase (anr) pathway is involved in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in upland cotton. proanthocyanidins (pas) are oligomeric or polymeric flavan-3-ols, however, the biosynthetic pathway of pas in cotton remains to be elucidated. here, we report on an anthocyanidin reductase (anr) gene from cotton fibers and the anr pathway of pas. phytochemical ana ...201525575669
microrna evolution and expression analysis in polyploidized cotton genome.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), the most important fibre plant in the world, is a tetraploid species, originating from the reunion of two ancestral cotton species ~1-2 million years ago. it has been reported that a great number of genes were quickly erased or preferentially remained after whole-genome duplication, ultimately leading to morphogenesis evolution. however, micrornas (mirnas), a new class of gene regulators, have not been well studied in polyploidization. here, we systematically inve ...201525561162
proteomic analysis of anthers from wild-type and photosensitive genetic male sterile mutant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).male sterility is a common phenomenon in flowering plant species, and it has been successfully developed in several crops by taking advantage of heterosis. using space mutation breeding of upland cotton, a novel photosensitive genetic male sterile (pgms) mutant was isolated. to take advantage of the pgms lines in cotton hybrid breeding, it is of great importance to study the molecular mechanisms of its male sterility.201425547499
ethnopharmacological assessment of medicinal plants used against livestock infections by the people living around indus river.the present study was aimed to document detailed ethnopharmacological knowledge of medicinal plants against livestock infections of an unexplored remote region of pakistan. semistructured questionnaires were used for data collection. total 43 plants belonging to 26 families were found to be used in ethnoveterinary practices. seeds (29%) were found to be the most frequent plant part used followed by leaves (22%). ethnoveterinary recipes were mostly prepared in the form of decoction and powdering. ...201425544941
a r2r3-myb transcription factor that is specifically expressed in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers affects secondary cell wall biosynthesis and deposition in transgenic arabidopsis.secondary cell wall (scw) is an important industrial raw material for pulping, papermaking, construction, lumbering, textiles and potentially for biofuel production. the process of scw thickening of cotton fibers lays down the cellulose that will constitute the bulk (up to 96%) of the fiber at maturity. in this study, a gene encoding a myb-domain protein was identified in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and designated as ghmybl1. quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) analysis rev ...201525534543
silicon (si) alleviates cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) from zinc (zn) toxicity stress by limiting zn uptake and oxidative damage.silicon (si) is as an important fertilizer element, which has been found effective in enhancing plant tolerance to variety of biotic and a-biotic stresses. this study investigates the si potential to alleviate zinc (zn) toxicity stress in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). cotton plants were grown in hydroponics and exposed to different zn concentration, 0, 25, and 50 μm, alone and/or in combination with 1 mm si. incremental zn concentration in growth media instigated the cellular oxidative damage ...201525516248
a comparative meta-analysis of qtl between intraspecific gossypium hirsutum and interspecific g. hirsutum × g. barbadense populations.based on 1075 and 1059 qtl from intraspecific upland and interspecific upland × pima populations, respectively, the identification of qtl clusters and hotspots provides a useful resource for cotton breeding. mapping of quantitative trait loci (qtl) is a pre-requisite of marker-assisted selection for crop yield and quality. recent meta-analysis of qtl in tetraploid cotton (gossypium spp.) has identified regions of the genome with high concentrations of qtl for various traits called clusters and s ...201525501533
quantitative proteomics and transcriptomics reveal key metabolic processes associated with cotton fiber initiation.an itraq-based proteomics of ovules from the upland cotton species gossypium hirsutum and its fuzzless-lintless mutant was performed, and finally 2729 proteins that preferentially accumulated at anthesis in wild-type ovules were identified. we confirmed that the gene expression levels of 2005 among these proteins also increased by performing an rna sequencing transcriptomics. expression of proteins involved in carboxylic acid metabolism, small-molecule metabolic processes, hormone regulation, an ...201525449837
development of est-based snp and indel markers and their utilization in tetraploid cotton genetic mapping.availability of molecular markers has proven to be an efficient tool in facilitating progress in plant breeding, which is particularly important in the case of less researched crops such as cotton. considering the obvious advantages of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and insertion-deletion polymorphisms (indels), expressed sequence tags (ests) were analyzed in silico to identify snps and indels in this study, aiming to develop more molecular markers in cotton.201425442170
identification and profiling of known and novel fiber micrornas during the secondary wall thickening stage in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) via high-throughput sequencing. 201425438700
molecular cloning and functional analysis of the flowering locus t (ft) homolog ghft1 from gossypium hirsutum.flowering locus t (ft) encodes a member of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (pebp) family that functions as the mobile floral signal, playing an important role in regulating the floral transition in angiosperms. we isolated an ft-homolog (ghft1) from gossypium hirsutum l. cultivar, xinluzao 33 ghft1 was predominantly expressed in stamens and sepals, and had a relatively higher expression level during the initiation stage of fiber development. ghft1 mrna displayed diurnal oscillations ...201525429737
cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).cotton continues to be a crop of great economic importance in many developing and some developed countries. cotton plants expressing the bt gene to deter some of the major pests have been enthusiastically and widely accepted by the farmers in three of the major producing countries, i.e., china, india, and the usa. considering the constraints related to its production and the wide variety of products derived from the cotton plant, it offers several target traits that can be improved through genet ...201525416245
ghdrin1, a novel drought-induced gene of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) confers abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco.a novel stress tolerance cdna fragment encoding ghdrin1 protein was identified and its regulation was studied in cotton boll tissues and seedlings subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses. phylogenetic and conserved domain prediction indicated that ghdrin1 was annotated with a hypothetical protein of unknown function. subcellular localization showed that ghdrin1 is localized in the chloroplasts. the promoter sequence was isolated and subjected to in silico study. various cis-acting eleme ...201525413882
genome-wide analysis of the omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene family in gossypium.the majority of commercial cotton varieties planted worldwide are derived from gossypium hirsutum, which is a naturally occurring allotetraploid produced by interspecific hybridization of a- and d-genome diploid progenitor species. while most cotton species are adapted to warm, semi-arid tropical and subtropical regions, and thus perform well in these geographical areas, cotton seedlings are sensitive to cold temperature, which can significantly reduce crop yields. one of the common biochemical ...201425403726
molecular markers and cotton genetic improvement: current status and future prospects.narrow genetic base and complex allotetraploid genome of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is stimulating efforts to avail required polymorphism for marker based breeding. the availability of draft genome sequence of g. raimondii and g. arboreum and next generation sequencing (ngs) technologies facilitated the development of high-throughput marker technologies in cotton. the concepts of genetic diversity, qtl mapping, and marker assisted selection (mas) are evolving into more efficient concepts of ...201425401149
cloning of gossypium hirsutum sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 gene (ghsnrk2) and its overexpression in transgenic arabidopsis escalates drought and low temperature tolerance.the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance and the use of modern genetics approaches for the improvement of drought stress tolerance have been major focuses of plant molecular biologists. in the present study, we cloned the gossypium hirsutum sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (ghsnrk2) gene and investigated its functions in transgenic arabidopsis. we further elucidated the function of this gene in transgenic cotton using virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) techniques. we hypoth ...201425393623
global microrna modification in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding rnas participating in versatile biological processes via post-transcriptionally gene regulation. however, how mirnas are modified or degraded remains unknown, despite years of studies have unravelled much details of mirna biogenesis and function. here, we systematically investigated mirna modification using six small rna sequencing libraries generated from cotton seedling as well as cotton fibre at five developmental stages. our results show that 1-2-nt tru ...201525393285
morphological and physiological responses of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants to salinity.salinization usually plays a primary role in soil degradation, which consequently reduces agricultural productivity. in this study, the effects of salinity on growth parameters, ion, chlorophyll, and proline content, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation of two cotton cultivars, [ccri-79 (salt tolerant) and simian 3 (salt sensitive)], were evaluated. salinity was investigated at 0 mm, 80 mm, 160 mm, and 240 mm nacl for 7 days. salinity induced morphological and ph ...201425391141
genome-wide cloning, identification, classification and functional analysis of cotton heat shock transcription factors in cotton (gossypium hirsutum).heat shock transcriptional factors (hsfs) play important roles in the processes of biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in plant development. cotton (gossypium hirsutum, 2n=4x=(ad)2=52) is an important crop for natural fiber production. due to continuous high temperature and intermittent drought, heat stress is becoming a handicap to improve cotton yield and lint quality. recently, the related wild diploid species gossypium raimondii genome (2n=2x=(d5)2=26) has been fully sequenced. in order t ...201425378022
overexpression of mic-3 indicates a direct role for the mic gene family in mediating upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) resistance to root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita).transgene-based analysis of the mic-3 gene provides the first report of a cotton gene having a direct role in mediating cotton resistance to root-knot nematode. major quantitative trait loci have been mapped to upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) chromosomes 11 and 14 that govern the highly resistant phenotype in response to infection by root-knot nematode (rkn; meloidogyne incognita); however, nearly nothing is known regarding the underlying molecular determinants of this rkn-resistant phenot ...201525376794
evaluation of cotton leaf curl virus resistance in bc1, bc2, and bc3 progenies from an interspecific cross between gossypium arboreum and gossypium hirsutum.cotton leaf curl virus disease (clcud) is an important constraint to cotton production. the resistance of g. arboreum to this devastating disease is well documented. in the present investigation, we explored the possibility of transferring genes for resistance to clcud from g. arboreum (2n = 26) cv 15-mollisoni into g. hirsutum (2n = 52) cv crsm-38 through conventional breeding. we investigated the cytology of the bc1 to bc3 progenies of direct and reciprocal crosses of g. arboreum and g. hirsut ...201425372141
cotton (gossypium hirsutum) 14-3-3 proteins participate in regulation of fibre initiation and elongation by modulating brassinosteroid signalling.cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibre is an important natural raw material for textile industry in the world. understanding the molecular mechanism of fibre development is important for the development of future cotton varieties with superior fibre quality. in this study, overexpression of gh14-3-3l in cotton promoted fibre elongation, leading to an increase in mature fibre length. in contrast, suppression of expression of gh14-3-3l, gh14-3-3e and gh14-3-3h in cotton slowed down fibre initiation and ...201525370928
itraq protein profile differential analysis between somatic globular and cotyledonary embryos reveals stress, hormone, and respiration involved in increasing plantlet regeneration of gossypium hirsutum l.somatic embryo development (sed) in upland cotton shows low frequencies of embryo maturation and plantlet regeneration. progress in increasing the regeneration rate has been limited. here a global analysis of proteome dynamics between globular and cotyledonary embryos was performed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to explore mechanisms underlying sed. of 6318 proteins identified by a mass spectrometric analysis, 102 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 107 were ...201525367710
development and bin mapping of gene-associated interspecific snps for cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) introgression breeding efforts.cotton (gossypium spp.) is the largest producer of natural fibers for textile and is an important crop worldwide. crop production is comprised primarily of g. hirsutum l., an allotetraploid. however, elite cultivars express very small amounts of variation due to the species monophyletic origin, domestication and further bottlenecks due to selection. conversely, wild cotton species harbor extensive genetic diversity of prospective utility to improve many beneficial agronomic traits, fiber charact ...201425359292
identification of novel micrornas in the verticillium wilt-resistant upland cotton variety kv-1 by high-throughput sequencing.plant micrornas (mirnas) play essential roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression during development, flowering, plant growth, metabolism, and stress responses. verticillium wilt is one of the vascular disease in plants, which is caused by the verticillium dahlia and leads to yellowing, wilting, lodging, damage to the vascular tissue, and death in cotton plants. upland cotton varieties kv-1 have shown resistance to verticillium wilt in multiple levels. however, the knowledg ...201425332864
overexpression of a cotton annexin gene, ghann1, enhances drought and salt stress tolerance in transgenic cotton.plant annexins are members of a diverse, multigene protein family that has been associated with a variety of cellular processes and responses to abiotic stresses. ghann1, which encodes a putative annexin protein, was isolated from a cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. acc 7235) cdna library. tissue-specific expression showed that ghann1 is expressed at differential levels in all tissues examined and strongly induced by various phytohormones and abiotic stress. in vivo and in vitro subcellular localiza ...201525330941
functional characterization of cotton genes responsive to verticillium dahliae through bioinformatics and reverse genetics strategies.verticillium wilt causes dramatic cotton yield loss in china. although some genes or biological processes involved in the interaction between cotton and verticillium dahliae have been identified, the molecular mechanism of cotton resistance to this disease is still poorly understood. the basic innate immune response for defence is somewhat conserved among plant species to defend themselves in complex environments, which makes it possible to characterize genes involved in cotton immunity based on ...201425326626
mapping genomic loci for cotton plant architecture, yield components, and fiber properties in an interspecific (gossypium hirsutum l. × g. barbadense l.) ril population.a quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping was conducted to better understand the genetic control of plant architecture (pa), yield components (yc), and fiber properties (fp) in the two cultivated tetraploid species of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. and g. barbadense l.). one hundred and fifty-nine genomic regions were identified on a saturated genetic map of more than 2,500 ssr and snp markers, constructed with an interspecific recombinant inbred line (ril) population derived from the genetic stan ...201425314923
myb80 homologues in arabidopsis, cotton and brassica: regulation and functional conservation in tapetal and pollen development.the arabidopsis atmyb80 transcription factor regulates genes involved in pollen development and controls the timing of tapetal programmed cell death (pcd). downregulation of atmyb80 expression precedes tapetal degradation. inhibition of atmyb80 expression results in complete male sterility. full-length atmyb80 homologs have been isolated in wheat, rice, barley and canola (c genome).201425311582
cotton wrky1 mediates the plant defense-to-development transition during infection of cotton by verticillium dahliae by activating jasmonate zim-domain1 expression.plants have evolved an elaborate signaling network to ensure an appropriate level of immune response to meet the differing demands of developmental processes. previous research has demonstrated that della proteins physically interact with jasmonate zim-domain1 (jaz1) and dynamically regulate the interaction of the gibberellin (ga) and jasmonate (ja) signaling pathways. however, whether and how the jaz1-della regulatory node is regulated at the transcriptional level in plants under normal growth ...201425301887
cotton lim domain-containing protein ghplim1 is specifically expressed in anthers and participates in modulating f-actin.as one form of actin binding protein (abp), lim domain protein can trigger the formation of actin bundles during plant growth and development. in this study, a cdna (designated ghplim1) encoding a lim domain protein with 216 amino acid residues was identified from a cotton flower cdna library. quantitative rt-pcr indicated that ghplim1 is specifically expressed in cotton anthers, and its expression levels are regulated during anther development of cotton. ghplim1:egfp transformed cotton cells di ...201525294521
transcriptome analysis of gossypium hirsutum flower buds infested by cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis) larvae.cotton is a major fibre crop grown worldwide that suffers extensive damage from chewing insects, including the cotton boll weevil larvae (anthonomus grandis). transcriptome analysis was performed to understand the molecular interactions between gossypium hirsutum l. and cotton boll weevil larvae. the illumina hiseq 2000 platform was used to sequence the transcriptome of cotton flower buds infested with boll weevil larvae.201425280771
constructing a high-density linkage map for gossypium hirsutum × gossypium barbadense and identifying qtls for lint percentage.to introgress the good fiber quality and yield from gossypium barbadense into a commercial upland cotton variety, a high-density simple sequence repeat (ssr) genetic linkage map was developed from a bc1 f1 population of gossypium hirsutum × gossypium barbadense. the map comprised 2,292 loci and covered 5115.16 centimorgan (cm) of the cotton ad genome, with an average marker interval of 2.23 cm. of the marker order for 1,577 common loci on this new map, 90.36% agrees well with the marker order on ...201525263268
the cotton wrky transcription factor ghwrky17 functions in drought and salt stress in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana through aba signaling and the modulation of reactive oxygen species production.drought and high salinity are two major environmental factors that significantly limit the productivity of agricultural crops worldwide. wrky transcription factors play essential roles in the adaptation of plants to abiotic stresses. however, wrky genes involved in drought and salt tolerance in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) are largely unknown. here, a group iid wrky gene, ghwrky17, was isolated and characterized. ghwrky17 was found to be induced after exposure to drought, salt, h2o2 and aba. the ...201425261532
[genome-wide analysis of hsp70 superfamily in gossypium raimondii and the expression of orthologs in gossypium hirsutum].heat shock 70 (hsp70) proteins are highly conserved molecular chaperones widely existed in the plant kingdom which are involved in cellular protein folding process. in this study, comprehensive evolutionary analyses of the gossypium raimondii hsp70 gene family members are conducted and 30 hsp70 genes are identified. the gene structure, chromosome distribution, gene duplication and phylogenic evolution of this family are further analyzed. the results reveal that hsp70 family genes can be clustere ...201425252310
effects of climate change on phenological trends and seed cotton yields in oasis of arid regions.understanding the effects of climatic change on phenological phases of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) in oasis of arid regions may help optimize management schemes to increase productivity. this study assessed the impacts of climatic changes on the phenological phases and productivity of spring cotton. the results showed that climatic warming led the dates of sowing seed, seeding emergence, three-leaf, five-leaf, budding, anthesis, full bloom, cleft boll, boll-opening, boll-opening filling, and ...201525240389
identification of centromeric regions on the linkage map of cotton using centromere-related repeats.centromere usually contains high-copy-number retrotransposons and satellite repeats, which are difficult to map, clone and sequence. currently, very little is known about the centromere in cotton. here, we sequenced a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) mapping to the centromeric region and predicted four long-terminal-repeat (ltr) retrotransposons. they were located in the heterochromatic centromeric regions of all 52 pachytene chromosomes in gossypium hirsutum. fiber-fish mapping revealed th ...201425238895
temperature responses of mesophyll conductance differ greatly between species.the temperature responses of mesophyll conductance (gm ) were investigated for nine species using carbon isotope techniques combining tunable diode laser spectroscopy and gas exchange measurements. species included the evergreen trees eucalyptus pauciflora and quercus engelmannii; the tropical evergreen tree lophostemon confertus; as well as the herbaceous species nicotiana tabacum, oryza sativa, triticum aestivum, gossypium hirsutum, glycine max and arabidopsis thaliana. responses varied from a ...201525224884
genetic mapping of fiber color genes on two brown cotton cultivars in xinjiang.in the present study, genetic linkage analysis was carried out to map the fiber color loci lc 1 and lc 2 on two brown cotton cultivars with ssr and est-ssr markers in the reference map by f2 segregation populations. the lc 1 locus carried by xincaimian6 (gossypium hirsutum l.) was flanked by the marker nau2862 and nau1043 on the long arm of chromosome 07, with genetic distance 7.8 cm and 3.8 cm, respectively. the lc 2 carried by xincaimian 5 (gossypium hirsutum l.) was flanked by the marker nau5 ...201425207203
distribution and differentiation of wild, feral, and cultivated populations of perennial upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) in mesoamerica and the caribbean.perennial forms of gossypium hirsutum are classified under seven races. five mesoamerican races would have been derived from the wild race 'yucatanense' from northern yucatán. 'marie-galante', the main race in the caribbean, would have developed from introgression with g. barbadense. the racial status of coastal populations from the caribbean has not been clearly defined. we combined ecological niche modeling with an analysis of ssr marker diversity, to elucidate the relationships among cultivat ...201425198534
determining the major bt refuge crops for cotton bollworm in north china.evaluation of the effectiveness of refuge strategies involved in cotton bollworm bt resistance management would be aided by technologies that allow monitoring and quantification of key factors that affect the process under field conditions. we hypothesized that characterization of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in adult bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) moths may aid in determining the larval host that they developed upon. we found moths reared from larvae fed ...201525196072
comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes and transcriptional regulation induced by salt stress in two contrasting cotton genotypes.cotton (gossypium spp.) is one of the major fibre crops of the world. although it is classified as salt tolerant crop, cotton growth and productivity are adversely affected by high salinity, especially at germination and seedling stages. identification of genes and mirnas responsible for salt tolerance in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) would help reveal the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. we performed physiological experiments and transcriptome sequencing (mrna-seq and small rna-s ...201425189468
quantitative trait loci mapping and genetic dissection for lint percentage in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum).lint percentage is an important character of cotton yield components and it is also correlated with cotton fibre development. in this study, we used a high lint percentage variety, baimian1, and a low lint percentage, tm-1 genetic standard for gossypium hirsutum, as parents to construct a mapping populations in upland cotton (g. hirsutum). a quantitative trait locus/loci (qtl) analysis of lint percentage was performed by using two mapping procedures; composite interval mapping (cim), inclusive c ...201425189232
characterization of the global transcriptome for cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) anther and development of ssr marker.cotton is an important fiber plant, and it's attractive to elucidate the molecular mechanism of anther development due to the close relationship between the anther fertility and boll-setting, and also fiber yield. in the present paper, 47.2 million paired-end reads with average length of 82.87 bp from the anthers of tm-1 (gossypium hirsutum l.), a genetic standard line, were generated through transcriptome sequencing, and 210,965 unigenes of more than 100 bp were obtained. blast, kegg, cog, and ...201425178523
ultrastructural, metabolic and proteomic changes in leaves of upland cotton in response to cadmium stress.present study explores physiological, biochemical and proteomic changes in leaves of upland cotton (zms-49) using 500 μm cadmium (cd) along with control. leaves' biomass and chlorophyll pigments decreased at 500 μm cd. cd contents in roots were higher than leaves. levels of ros ( [formula: see text] and h2o2) both in vivo and in vitro and mda contents were significantly increased. chlorophyll parameters (f0, fm, fm(') and fv/fm), total soluble protein contents and apx showed a decline at 500 μm ...201525169734
direct visualization of horizontal gene transfer in cotton plants.plant mitochondrial and chloroplast genes that underwent horizontal transfer have been identified by parasite and grafting systems, respectively. here, we directly observed 3 horizontal gene transfer (hgt) events in the 45 second axillary shoots of grafted cotton plants (gossypium barbadense and gossypium hirsutum) after extirpating the first axillary bud. the second axillary shoots showed phenotypic variations in cotton flowers and seeds that were evidence of spontaneous development from cells ...201425160847
genomic organization, differential expression, and functional analysis of the spl gene family in gossypium hirsutum.squamosa promoter binding protein-like (spl) genes encode plant-specific transcription factors that are involved in many fundamental developmental processes. certain spl genes contain sequences complementary to mir156, a microrna (mirna) that plays a role in modulating plant gene expression. in this study, 30 spl genes were identified in the reference genome of gossypium raimondii and 24 ghspls were cloned from gossypium hirsutum. g. raimondii is regarded as the putative contributor of the d-sub ...201525159110
proteomics profiling of fiber development and domestication in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).comparative proteomic analyses were performed to detail the evolutionary consequences of strong directional selection for enhanced fiber traits in modern upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). using two complementary proteomic approaches, 2-de and itraq lc-ms/ms, fiber proteomes were examined for four representative stages of fiber development. approximately 1,000 protein features were characterized using each strategy, collectively resulting in the identification and functional categorization o ...201425156487
water deficit in field-grown gossypium hirsutum primarily limits net photosynthesis by decreasing stomatal conductance, increasing photorespiration, and increasing the ratio of dark respiration to gross photosynthesis.much effort has been expended to improve irrigation efficiency and drought tolerance of agronomic crops; however, a clear understanding of the physiological mechanisms that interact to decrease source strength and drive yield loss has not been attained. to elucidate the underlying mechanisms contributing to inhibition of net carbon assimilation under drought stress, three cultivars of gossypium hirsutum were grown in the field under contrasting irrigation regimes during the 2012 and 2013 growing ...201425151126
physiological performance and differential expression profiling of genes associated with drought tolerance in contrasting varieties of two gossypium species.cotton is mostly cultivated under rain-fed conditions in india, thus faces frequent drought conditions during its life cycle. drought being a major stress factor responsible for yield penalty, there has always been a high priority to generate knowledge on adaptation and tolerance of cotton. in the present study, four cotton varieties, jkc-770 and kc-2 (gossypium hirsutum), and jkc-717 and rahs-187(gossypium herbaceum), were imposed to drought. under drought condition, differential changes in phy ...201525149149
a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) gene encoding a nac transcription factor is involved in negative regulation of plant xylem development.nac proteins that compose of one large family of plant specific transcription factors (tf) play the important roles in many biological processes (such as morphogenesis, development, senescence and stress signal transduction). in this study, a gene (designated as ghxnd1) encoding a nac transcription factor was identified in cotton. sequence analysis indicated that ghxnd1 gene contains two introns inserted in its open reading frame (orf). ghxnd1 protein is localized in the cell nucleus, and displa ...201425137291
effect of late planting and shading on cellulose synthesis during cotton fiber secondary wall development.cotton-rapeseed or cotton-wheat double cropping systems are popular in the yangtze river valley and yellow river valley of china. due to the competition of temperature and light resources during the growing season of double cropping system, cotton is generally late-germinating and late-maturing and has to suffer from the coupling of declining temperature and low light especially in the late growth stage. in this study, late planting (lp) and shading were used to fit the coupling stress, and the ...201425133819
next generation genetic mapping of the ligon-lintless-2 (li₂) locus in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).mapping-by-sequencing and novel subgenome-specific snp markers were used to fine map the ligon-lintless 2 ( li 2 ) short-fiber gene in tetraploid cotton. these methodologies will accelerate gene identification in polyploid species. next generation sequencing offers new ways to identify the genetic mechanisms that underlie mutant phenotypes. the release of a reference diploid gossypium raimondii (d5) genome and bioinformatics tools to sort tetraploid reads into subgenomes has brought cotton genet ...201425119870
transcriptome and complexity-reduced, dna-based identification of intraspecies single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the polyploid gossypium hirsutum l.varietal single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are the differences within one of the two subgenomes between different tetraploid cotton varieties and have not been practically used in cotton genetics and breeding because they are difficult to identify due to low genetic diversity and very high sequence identity between homeologous genes in cotton. we have used transcriptome and restriction site-associated dna sequencing to identify varietal snps among 18 g. hirsutum varieties based on the ratio ...201425106949
transcriptome analysis of extant cotton progenitors revealed tetraploidization and identified genome-specific single nucleotide polymorphism in diploid and allotetraploid cotton.the most widely cultivated cotton (gossypium hirsutum l., ad-genome) is derived from tetraploidization between a- and d-genome species. g. arboreum l. (a-genome) and g. raimondii ulbr. (d-genome) are two of closely-related extant progenitors. gene expression studies in allotetraploid cotton are complicated by the homoeologous loci of a- and d-genome origins. to develop genomic resources for gene expression and cotton breeding, we sequenced and assembled expressed sequence tags (ests) derived fro ...201425099166
the entomopathogenic fungal endophytes purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly paecilomyces lilacinus) and beauveria bassiana negatively affect cotton aphid reproduction under both greenhouse and field conditions.the effects of two entomopathogenic fungal endophytes, beauveria bassiana and purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly paecilomyces lilacinus), were assessed on the reproduction of cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover (homoptera:aphididae), through in planta feeding trials. in replicate greenhouse and field trials, cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum) were inoculated as seed treatments with two concentrations of b. bassiana or p. lilacinum conidia. positive colonization of cotton by the endophytes was c ...201425093505
molecular analysis of proanthocyanidins related to pigmentation in brown cotton fibre (gossypium hirsutum l.).the structural characteristics and component differences of proanthocyanidins in brown and white cotton fibres were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) analyses. proanthocyanidins in brown and white cotton fibres were found to contain mainly procyanidin (pc) and prodelphidin (pd) units with 2, 3-cis form (epigallocatechin and epicatechin). however, part of the proanthocyanidins in the white ...201425086591
the effect of mepiquat chloride on elongation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) internode is associated with low concentration of gibberellic acid.the growth regulator mepiquat chloride (mc) is globally used in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) canopy manipulation to avoid excess growth and yield loss. however, little information is available as to whether the modification of plant architecture by mc is related to alterations in gibberellic acid (ga) metabolism and signaling. here, the role of ga metabolism and signaling was investigated in cotton seedlings treated with mc. the mc significantly decreased endogenous ga3 and ga4 levels in the e ...201425017155
in vitro cadmium-induced alterations in growth and oxidative metabolism of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).cadmium (cd) is a toxic pollutant, which cause both dose- and time-dependent physiological and biochemical alterations in plants. the present in vitro study was undertaken to explore cd-induced physiological and biochemical changes in cotton callus culture at 0, 550, 700, 850, and 1000 μm cd for four different stress periods (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). at 1000 μm cd, mean growth values were lower than their respective control. the cell protein contents decreased only after 7-day and 14-day stress ...201425013851
predicting the effects of environment and management on cotton fibre growth and quality: a functional-structural plant modelling approach.in general, the quality of fruits depends on local conditions experienced by the fruit during its development. in cotton, fruit quality, and more specifically the quality of the fibre in the fruit, depends on interactions between fruit position in the plant architecture, temperature and agronomic practices, such as sowing time, mulching with plastic film and topping of the plant's main stem and branches. to quantify this response of cotton fibre quality to environment and management, we develope ...201425011385
ghh2a12, a replication-dependent histone h2a gene from gossypium hirsutum, is negatively involved in the development of cotton fiber cells.ghh2a12 was preferentially expressed at the initiation and early elongation stage of cotton fiber development, and overexpression of ghh2a12 caused retardation of fiber initiation and produced shorter fibers. histone h2a is a component of eukaryotic chromatin whose function has not been studied in cotton. we have isolated an h2a gene encoding 156 amino acids, named ghh2a12. like other plant histone h2as, ghh2a12 contains a typical spkk motif in the carboxy-terminal and a plant-unique peptide-bin ...201425001001
is nectar reabsorption restricted by the stalk cells of floral and extrafloral nectary trichomes?reabsorption is a phase of nectar dynamics that occurs concurrently with secretion; it has been described in floral nectaries that exude nectar through stomata or unicellular trichomes, but has not yet been recorded in extrafloral glands. apparently, nectar reabsorption does not occur in multicellular secretory trichomes (mst) due to the presence of lipophilic impregnations - which resemble casparian strips - in the anticlinal walls of the stalk cells. it has been assumed that these impregnation ...201524987788
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