Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| clostridium difficile and cystic fibrosis: management strategies and the role of faecal transplantation. | clostridium difficile is a bacterial infection that colonises the gut in susceptible hosts. it is associated with exposure to healthcare settings and antibiotic use. it could be assumed that cystic fibrosis (cf) patients are a high-risk group for c.difficile. however, despite high carriage rates, cf patients have low rates of active disease. there are guidelines for the treatment of c.difficile, however little is published specific to treating c.difficile in cf. this article provides an overview ... | 2017 | 28411069 |
| preoperative clostridium difficile infection does not affect pouch outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis who undergo ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. | the operation of choice for patients with chronic ulcerative colitis (cuc) is restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (ipaa). pouchitis is the most common complication after ipaa. the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is higher in cuc patients than the general population and can lead to significant disease flares and higher rates of colectomy. we sought to determine the risk of pouchitis in patients with precolectomy cdi and 90-day postoperative ipaa compli ... | 2017 | 28410344 |
| improvement in the management of patients with clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea following changes to the wording of laboratory reports. | 2017 | 28408053 | |
| risk for clostridium difficile infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant remains elevated in the postengraftment period. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a frequent cause of diarrhea among allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients. it is unknown whether risk factors for cdi vary by time posttransplant. | 2017 | 28405601 |
| trends in the incidence and outcomes of hospitalized cancer patients with clostridium difficile infection: a nationwide analysis. | background: patients with cancer have several risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi), but the impact of cdi on outcomes in this population needs elucidation. we analyzed the incidence of cdi and its impact on outcomes in patients with cancer using the national hospital discharge survey (nhds) database from 2001 to 2010. methods: diagnosis codes were used to identify patients with cancer and cdi events. demographics, diagnoses, length of stay (los), and discharge information were ... | 2017 | 28404757 |
| update on antimicrobial resistance in clostridium difficile: resistance mechanisms and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | oral antibiotics such as metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin are therapies of choice for clostridium difficile infection. several important mechanisms for c. difficile antibiotic resistance have been described, including the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes via the transfer of mobile genetic elements, selective pressure in vivo resulting in gene mutations, altered expression of redox-active proteins, iron metabolism, and dna repair, as well as via biofilm formation. this update s ... | 2017 | 28404671 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of bile acid analogues inhibitory to clostridium difficile spore germination. | standard antibiotic-based strategies for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections disrupt indigenous microbiota and commonly fail to eradicate bacterial spores, two key factors that allow recurrence of infection. as an alternative approach to controlling c. difficile infection, a series of bile acid derivatives have been prepared that inhibit taurocholate-induced spore germination. these analogues have been evaluated in a highly virulent nap1 strain using optical density and phase-contr ... | 2017 | 28402634 |
| toxinotyping and sequencing of clostridium difficile isolates from patients in a tertiary care hospital of northern india. | clostridium difficile is an important cause of infectious colitis among hospitalized patients across the globe. the pathogenic potential of c. difficile in producing significant morbidity and mortality is mainly due to production of toxins a and b. the outbreaks of c. difficile infection (cdi) are due to changes in the genetic sequences of the organism. there is hardly any molecular study reported on the prevalent types of c. difficile strains in india. toxinotyping and sequencing of locally cir ... | 2017 | 28401147 |
| effect of metronidazole in infants with bowel habit change: irrelative to the clostridium difficile colonization. | clinical symptoms associated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can vary widely. carrier state without apparent symptoms is relatively common during infancy. the objective of this study was to determine the association of c. difficile colonization with bowel habit change and the effect of c. difficile colonization treatment on restoration of normal bowel habit. | 2017 | 28401056 |
| survival of clostridium difficile spores at low water activity. | clostridium difficile is frequently found in meat and meat products. germination efficiency, defined as colony formation, was previously investigated at temperatures found in meat handling and processing for spores of strain m120 (animal isolate), r20291 (human isolate), and dk1 (beef isolate). in this study, germination efficiency of these spore strains was assessed in phosphate buffered saline (pbs, aw ∼1.00), commercial beef jerky (aw ∼0.82/0.72), and aw-adjusted pbs (aw ∼0.82/0.72). surface ... | 2017 | 28400013 |
| impact of a multifaceted antimicrobial stewardship program: a front-line ownership driven quality improvement project in a large urban emergency department. | antibiotic overuse has promoted growing rates of antimicrobial resistance and secondary antibiotic-associated infections such as clostridium difficile (c. difficile). antimicrobial stewardship programs (asps) are effective in reducing antimicrobial use in the inpatient setting; however, the unique environment of the emergency department (ed) lends itself to challenges for successful implementation. front-line ownership (flo) methodology has been shown to be a potentially effective strategy for t ... | 2017 | 28399946 |
| the choice of the anchoring protein influences the interaction of recombinant bacillus spores with the immune system. | the technology of display of heterologous proteins on the surface of bacillus subtilis spores enables use of these structures as carriers of antigens for mucosal vaccination. currently, there are no technical possibilities to predict whether a designed fusion will be efficiently displayed on the spore surface and how such recombinant spores will interact with cells of the immune system. in this study, we compared four variants of b. subtilis spores presenting a fragment of a flid protein from cl ... | 2017 | 28399189 |
| risk of clostridium difficile infection in hematology-oncology patients colonized with toxigenic c. difficile. | the prevalence of colonization with toxigenic clostridium difficile among patients with hematological malignancies and/or bone marrow transplant at admission to a 566-bed academic medical care center was 9.3%, and 13.3% of colonized patients developed symptomatic disease during hospitalization. this population may benefit from targeted c. difficile infection control interventions. infect control hosp epidemiol 2017;38:718-720. | 2017 | 28397624 |
| validity and reliability of administrative coded data for the identification of hospital-acquired infections: an updated systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. | to conduct an updated assessment of the validity and reliability of administrative coded data (acd) in identifying hospital-acquired infections (hais). | 2017 | 28397261 |
| clostridioides difficile 630δerm in silico and in vivo - quantitative growth and extensive polysaccharide secretion. | antibiotic-associated infections with clostridioides difficile are a severe and often lethal risk for hospitalized patients, and can also affect populations without these classical risk factors. for a rational design of therapeutical concepts, a better knowledge of the metabolism of the pathogen is crucial. metabolic modeling can provide a simulation of quantitative growth and usage of metabolic pathways, leading to a deeper understanding of the organism. here, we present an elaborate genome-sca ... | 2017 | 28396843 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the main cause of nosocomial diarrhea in industrialized countries and the source of a growing number of cases of diarrhea in the community. the outbreak of the hypervirulent strain belonging to ribotype 027 has increased the incidence and severity of cdi in some countries. although cdi usually courses as a mild diarrhea it can lead to severe forms such as toxic megacolon or septic shock. one of every 2 episodes of cdi is not diagnosed in spanish hospitals ... | 2017 | 28396132 |
| risk factors for community-associated clostridium difficile infection in children. | to characterize the medication and other exposures associated with pediatric community-associated clostridium difficile infections (ca-cdis). | 2017 | 28396027 |
| effect of clostridium difficile prevalence in hospitals and nursing homes on risk of infection. | to assess the effect of facility clostridium difficile infection (cdi) prevalence on risk of healthcare facility (hfc) acquired cdi. | 2017 | 28394408 |
| detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in stool specimens submitted for clostridium difficile toxin testing. | the aim of this study was to determine the association between clostridium difficile (c. difficile) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) and efficacy of screening stools submitted for c. difficile toxin assay for prevalence of vre. between april 2012 and february 2014, 158 stool samples submitted for c. difficile toxin to the marmara university microbiology laboratory, were included in the study. stool samples were analyzed by enzyme immuno assay test; vidas (biomerieux, france) for toxin ... | 2017 | 28389190 |
| oral teicoplanin as an alternative first-line regimen in clostridium difficile infection in elderly patients: a case series. | elderly patients are more susceptible to clostridium difficile infections (cdis). despite existing guidelines, there is no specific treatment for cdi in geriatrics. vancomycin is commonly used in the treatment of cdi. teicoplanin is an alternative glycopeptide which recently received marketing authorization approval for cdi in europe. | 2017 | 28386820 |
| genome sequence of a toxin-positive clostridium difficile strain isolated from murine feces. | herein, we report the genome sequence of a clostridium difficile strain isolated from the feces of antibiotic-treated c57bl/6 mice. we have named this strain, which differs considerably from those of the previously sequenced c. difficile strains, lem1. | 2017 | 28385835 |
| kick the bucket: one hospital system's journey to reduce clostridium difficile. | albert einstein defines insanity as doing the same thing over again but expecting different results. although the united states claims to reduce antibiotic abuse, practice strict isolation, and clean meticulously, the burden of clostridium difficile outpaces goals. unless innovative approaches are tried, we risk culling elderly, immunosuppressed, and otherwise debilitated populations. emergency departments are a primary access point for patients who are unable to wait for primary care. as a resu ... | 2017 | 28385299 |
| silver potentiates aminoglycoside toxicity by enhancing their uptake. | the predicted shortage in new antibiotics has prompted research for chemicals that could act as adjuvant and enhance efficacy of available antibiotics. in this study, we tested the effects of combining metals with aminoglycosides on escherichia coli survival. the best synergising combination resulted from mixing aminoglycosides with silver. using genetic and aminoglycoside uptake assays, we showed that silver potentiates aminoglycoside action in by-passing the pmf-dependent step, but depended up ... | 2017 | 28383153 |
| challenges and strategies for prevention of multidrug-resistant organism transmission in nursing homes. | nursing home residents are at high risk for colonization and infection with bacterial pathogens that are multidrug-resistant organisms (mdros). we discuss challenges and potential solutions to support implementing effective infection prevention and control practices in nursing homes. | 2017 | 28382547 |
| use of a perianal swab compared with a stool sample to detect symptomatic clostridium difficile infection. | objective to evaluate the use of a perianal swab to detect cdi. methods a perianal swab was collected from each inpatient with a positive stool sample for c. difficile (by polymerase chain reaction [pcr] test) and was tested for c. difficile by pcr and by culture. the variables evaluated included demographics, cdi severity, bathing before perianal swab collection, hours between stool sample and perianal swab, cycle threshold (ct) to pcr positivity, and doses of cdi treatment before stool sample ... | 2017 | 28376944 |
| the gut microbiome. | more than a trillion, mostly good, microbes live within our gastrointestinal tract and are responsible for vital metabolic, immune and nutritional functions. dysbiosis, meaning a maladaptive imbalance of the microbiome, is associated with many common diseases and is a target for therapy. | 2017 | 28376573 |
| microbiota. | the human microbiota comprises all the microorganisms of our body, which can also be categorised as commensals, mutualists and pathogens according to their behaviour. our knowledge of the human microbiota has considerably increased since the introduction of 16s rrna next generation sequencing (16s rdna gene). this technological breakthrough has seen a revolution in the knowledge of the microbiota composition and its implications in human health. this article details the different human bacterial ... | 2017 | 28372875 |
| does electronic stewardship work? | faced with national requirements to promote antimicrobial stewardship and reduce drug-resistant infections, community hospitals are challenged to make the best use of existing resources. eighteen months after building antibiotic decision support into our electronic order platform, high-risk antibiotic use decreased by 83% (p < .001) at our community hospital. hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infections declined 24% (p = .07). | 2017 | 28371928 |
| infection rates in tacrolimus versus cyclosporine-treated pediatric kidney transplant recipients on a rapid discontinuation of prednisone protocol: 1-year analysis. | ar is lower in pktx recipients on tac vs csa. data comparing infection outcomes for children treated with these agents are limited. we retrospectively studied infection outcomes in 96 pktx recipients on a rdp. ps, dcgs, ar, and infection-free survival were assessed using kaplan-meier/log-rank tests and proportional hazards models. there were no differences in 1-year ps, dcgs, or ar between tac and csa recipients. after adjusting for ar, the hazard of cmv viremia was 4.0 times higher (95%ci: 1.04 ... | 2017 | 28371243 |
| strongyloides stercoralis infection among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients in the united states of america: a case report and review of literature. | background strongyloides stercoralis infection is endemic in subtropical and tropical regions but is reported rather sporadically in temperate countries. in the usa, the highest rates of infection are from the southeastern states, predominantly among immigrants. there is paucity of case reports on s. stercoralis infection among hiv-infected patients who were born and raised in the usa. case report a 61-year-old male with known hiv infection (cd4 count: 235 cells/ul, undetectable hiv rna, on anti ... | 2017 | 28366929 |
| development of a dose assay for a clostridium difficile vaccine using a tandem ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography method. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive intestine bacterium that causes a severe diarrhea and could eventually be lethal. the main virulence factor is related to the release of two major exotoxins, toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb). recent c. difficile-associated disease (cdad) outbreaks have been caused by hypervirulent strains which secrete an additional binary toxin (cdta/cdtb). vaccination against these toxins is considered the best way to combat the cdad. recently, a novel tetravalent c. d ... | 2017 | 28366569 |
| invasive listeriosis in a patient with several episodes of antibiotic associated colitis presumably due to clostridium difficile. | a 62-year-old man developed a blood stream infection and meningitis due to listeria monocytogenes, 20 days after an episode of pseudo-membranous colitis. the patient, hospitalized for the first time for transurethral prostatectomy, was readmitted 20 days later with watery diarrhea. pseudo-membranous colitis was diagnosed and treated successfully, without testing for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). after 15 more days, the patient developed again diarrhea, fever and confusion. hospitalized ... | 2017 | 28365900 |
| fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | although fluoroquinolone prophylaxis is frequently utilized in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ahsct) patients, its impact on morbidity and mortality is uncertain. this study investigates the role of quinolone prophylaxis after ahsct in recent years. | 2017 | 28365897 |
| clinical and endoscopic features in patients with hospital-acquired diarrhea associated with clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile (cd) is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. clinical and endoscopic findings are poorly described in our country. the aim of this study is to depict those findings. | 2017 | 28363494 |
| gastrointestinal emergencies in critically ill cancer patients. | to describe gastrointestinal emergencies in cancer patients. | 2017 | 28363097 |
| inferring microbial interaction networks from metagenomic data using sglv-ekf algorithm. | inferring the microbial interaction networks (mins) and modeling their dynamics are critical in understanding the mechanisms of the bacterial ecosystem and designing antibiotic and/or probiotic therapies. recently, several approaches were proposed to infer mins using the generalized lotka-volterra (glv) model. main drawbacks of these models include the fact that these models only consider the measurement noise without taking into consideration the uncertainties in the underlying dynamics. furthe ... | 2017 | 28361680 |
| acid-suppressive therapy and risk of infections: pros and cons. | this narrative review summarises the benefits, risks and appropriate use of acid-suppressing drugs (asds), proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists, advocating a rationale balanced and individualised approach aimed to minimise any serious adverse consequences. it focuses on current controversies on the potential of asds to contribute to infections-bacterial, parasitic, fungal, protozoan and viral, particularly in the elderly, comprehensively and critically discusses the growin ... | 2017 | 28361440 |
| surgical prophylaxis with gentamicin and acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | gentamicin has been increasingly used instead of cephalosporins for surgical prophylaxis in an attempt to reduce the rate of "clostridium difficile" infection. there are limited data regarding nephrotoxicity related to gentamicin in these patients. | 2017 | 28361065 |
| risk factors for clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in belgrade, serbia: a case-control study. | the objective of this study was to investigate independent risk factors (rfs) connected with healthcare-associated (ha) clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in surgical patients, its frequency per surgical wards and in-hospital-mortality at a single hospital. | 2017 | 28360993 |
| old and new models for studying host-microbe interactions in health and disease: c. difficile as an example. | there has been an explosion of interest in studying the indigenous microbiota, which plays an important role in human health and disease. traditionally, the study of microbes in relationship to human health involved consideration of individual microbial species that caused classical infectious diseases. with the interest in the human microbiome, an appreciation of the influence that complex communities of microbes can have on their environment has developed. when considering either individual pa ... | 2017 | 28360030 |
| manual curation and reannotation of the genomes of clostridium difficile 630δerm and c. difficile 630. | we resequenced the genome of clostridium difficile 630δerm (dsm 28645), a model strain commonly used for the generation of insertion mutants. | 2017 | 28357980 |
| clostridium difficile infection in returning travellers. | there is increasing recognition of the contribution of community-acquired cases to the global burden of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). the epidemiology of cdi among international travellers is poorly understood, and factors associated with international travel, such as antibiotic use and changes in gut microbiota, could potentially put travellers at higher risk. | 2017 | 28355613 |
| molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile isolates from two korean hospitals. | clostridium difficile is one of the main etiological agents causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. this study investigated the genetic diversity of 70 toxigenic c. difficile isolates from two korean hospitals by employing toxinotyping, ribotyping, multilocus sequence typing (mlst), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). toxin gene amplification resulted in 68 a⁺b⁺ and two a-b+ isolates. most isolates (95.7-100%) were susceptible to daptomycin, metronidazole, and vancomycin. seventy c. dif ... | 2017 | 28355266 |
| predominance of clostridium difficile 027 during a five-year period in bolzano, northern italy. | toxigenic clostridium difficile is responsible for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and other diseases. the increasing frequency and severity is attributed to highly-virulent ribotypes such as 027. the aim of the study was to collect epidemiological and molecular data for c. difficile isolates during 2009-2013 in the central hospital of bolzano, northern italy. stool samples from inpatients of the bolzano central hospital were screened for toxins a and b, and c. difficile was cultured and tested ... | 2017 | 28353450 |
| gram-positive bacterial infections: research priorities, accomplishments, and future directions of the antibacterial resistance leadership group. | antimicrobial resistance in gram-positive bacteria remains a challenge in infectious diseases. the mission of the gram-positive committee of the antibacterial resistance leadership group (arlg) is to advance knowledge in the prevention, management, and treatment of these challenging infections to improve patient outcomes. our committee has prioritized projects involving methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) due to the scope of the medical t ... | 2017 | 28350900 |
| enteric glial cells counteract clostridium difficile toxin b through a nadph oxidase/ros/jnk/caspase-3 axis, without involving mitochondrial pathways. | enteric glial cells (egcs) are components of the intestinal epithelial barrier essential for regulating the enteric nervous system. clostridium difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated colitis, toxin b (tcdb) being the major virulence factor, due to its ability to breach the intestinal epithelial barrier and to act on other cell types. here we investigated tcdb effects on egcs and the activated molecular mechanisms. already at 2 hours, tcdb triggered ros formation originating ... | 2017 | 28349972 |
| milk fat globule membrane supplementation in formula modulates the neonatal gut microbiome and normalizes intestinal development. | breast milk has many beneficial properties and unusual characteristics including a unique fat component, termed milk fat globule membrane (mfgm). while breast milk yields important developmental benefits, there are situations where it is unavailable resulting in a need for formula feeding. most formulas do not contain mfgm, but derive their lipids from vegetable sources, which differ greatly in size and composition. here we tested the effects of mfgm supplementation on intestinal development and ... | 2017 | 28349941 |
| overexpression of the endosomal anion/proton exchanger clc-5 increases cell susceptibility toward clostridium difficile toxins tcda and tcdb. | virulent c. difficile toxins tcda and tcdb invade host intestinal epithelia by endocytosis and use the acidic environment of intracellular vesicles for further processing and activation. we investigated the role of clc-5, a chloride/proton exchanger expressed in the endosomes of gastrointestinal epithelial cells, in the activation and processing of c. difficile toxins. enhanced intoxication by tcda and tcdb was observed in cells expressing clc-5 but not clc-4, another chloride/proton exchanger w ... | 2017 | 28348980 |
| successful treatment of clostridium difficile bacteremia with aortic mycotic aneurysm in a patient with prior endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. | the clinical spectrum of clostridium difficile infection can range from benign gastrointestinal colonization to mild diarrhea and life threatening conditions such as pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon. extraintestinal manifestations of c. difficile are rare. here, we report a patient with a history of an endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (evar) presenting with an endovascular leak complicated by c. difficile bacteremia and a mycotic aneurysm. he was successfully treated with an expla ... | 2017 | 28348903 |
| human clostridium difficile infection caused by a livestock-associated pcr ribotype 237 strain in western australia. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a significant gastrointestinal disease in the developed world and increasingly recognised as a zoonotic infection. in north america and europe, the pcr ribotype (rt) 078 strain of c. difficile is commonly found in production animals and as a cause of disease in humans although proof of transmission from animals is lacking. this strain is absent in australian livestock. we report a case of human cdi caused by a strain of c. difficile belonging to known aus ... | 2016 | 28348781 |
| rhodococcus fascians infection after haematopoietic cell transplantation: not just a plant pathogen? | rhodococcus spp. have been implicated in a variety of infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. rhodococcus equi is responsible for the majority of reported cases, but rhodococcus erythropolis, rhodococcusgordoniae and rhodococcusruber infections have been described. there are no prior reports of human infection with rhodococcus fascians. | 2016 | 28348752 |
| risk factors for clostridium difficile infection in hiv-infected patients. | clostridium difficile infection is a healthcare-associated infection resulting in significant morbidity. although immunosuppression is associated with clostridium difficile infection acquisition and adverse outcomes, the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection in hiv-infected patients has been little studied in the era of antiretroviral therapy. this study identifies the risk factors for acquisition of clostridium difficile infection in hiv-infected patients. | 2016 | 28348742 |
| effect of a healthcare-system respiratory fluoroquinolone restriction program to alter utilization and impact rates of c. difficile infection. | fluoroquinolones are one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotic classes in the united states despite their association with adverse consequences, including clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we sought to evaluate the impact of a healthcare-system antimicrobial stewardship-initiated respiratory fluoroquinolone restriction program on utilization, appropriateness of quinolone-based therapy based on institutional guidelines, and cdi rates. following implementation, respiratory fluoroquinolon ... | 2017 | 28348151 |
| pharmacokinetics of surotomycin from phase 1 single and multiple ascending dose studies in healthy volunteers. | surotomycin, a novel, orally administered, cyclic, lipopeptide antibacterial in development for the treatment of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, has demonstrated minimal intestinal absorption in animal models. | 2017 | 28347318 |
| primary prevention of clostridium difficile infections - how difficult can it be? | c. difficile infections (cdi) have been a challenging disease to treat, much less to prevent, for decades. efforts for primary prevention have mainly focused on improving infection control practices, but cdi outbreaks continue to plague healthcare facilities. areas covered: a literature search from 1970-december 2016 found 13 facility-level and 2 patient-level strategies that were evidence-based. the aim of this manuscript is to assess the current state of the literature on primary prevention of ... | 2017 | 28347160 |
| inactivation of <i>clostridium difficile</i> spore outgrowth by synergistic effects of nisin and lysozyme. | inactivating <i>clostridium difficile</i> spores is difficult, as they are resistant to heat, chemicals, and antimicrobials. however, this note describes inactivation of <i>c. difficile</i> spore outgrowth by incubation in a solution containing a germinant (1% w/v sodium taurocholate), co-germinants (1% w/v tryptose and 1% w/v nacl), and natural antimicrobials (20 nm nisin and 0.2 mm lysozyme). <i>c. difficile</i> spores were resistant to nisin and lysozyme but became susceptible during germinat ... | 2017 | 28346844 |
| withholding proton pump inhibitors to prevent recurrent clostridium difficile: time for a randomized trial. | 2017 | 28346596 | |
| association of gastric acid suppression with recurrent clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | gastric acid suppression has been associated with an increased risk of primary clostridium difficile infection (cdi), but the risk of recurrent cdi in patients taking gastric acid suppressant medications is unclear. | 2017 | 28346595 |
| a genetic switch controls the production of flagella and toxins in clostridium difficile. | in the human intestinal pathogen clostridium difficile, flagella promote adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. flagellar gene expression also indirectly impacts production of the glucosylating toxins, which are essential to diarrheal disease development. thus, factors that regulate the expression of the flgb operon will likely impact toxin production in addition to flagellar motility. here, we report the identification a "flagellar switch" that controls the phase variable production of flage ... | 2017 | 28346491 |
| recognition and management of clostridium difficile in older adults. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasing in the outpatient setting, and older adults are at a higher risk for contracting cdi and experiencing poor outcomes. nps may see this infection in the primary care setting. this article focuses on the presentation, treatment, and clinical practice implications for cdi in community-dwelling older adults. | 2017 | 28346281 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation - methods of treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infections and other diseases. | clostridium difficile is a serious epidemiological problem and particularly dangerous microorganism causing hospital infections. currently, the treatment of c. difficile infections is the use of metronidazole or vancomycin. however, in some patients, recurrent infection difficult to treat occurs. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a new method used to treat the recurrent cdi. fmt consists in the infusion of the fecal suspension from a healthy donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a pat ... | 2017 | 28345530 |
| reducing clostridium difficile in the inpatient setting: a systematic review of the adherence to and effectiveness of c. difficile prevention bundles. | background clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common infectious cause of nosocomial diarrhea, and its prevention is an urgent public health priority. however, reduction of cdi is challenging because of its complex pathogenesis, large reservoirs of colonized patients, and the persistence of infectious spores. the literature lacks high-quality evidence for evaluating interventions, and many hospitals have implemented bundled interventions to reduce cdi with variable results. thus, w ... | 2017 | 28343455 |
| pulsed-xenon ultraviolet light disinfection in a burn unit: impact on environmental bioburden, multidrug-resistant organism acquisition and healthcare associated infections. | portable pulsed xenon ultraviolet disinfection (ppx-uvd) may reduce healthcare associated infections (hai). there is limited data to inform use in burn intensive care units (bicu), where multidrug-resistant organisms (mdro), especially gram negative rods (gnr), commonly cause disease. we evaluated ppx-uvd effects on environmental bioburden and rates of hai and mdro acquisition in a bicu. ppx-uvd was used for 3 months after standard cleaning of patient and operating rooms (ors). settle and touch ... | 2017 | 28341262 |
| molecular detection of clostridium difficile on inert surfaces from a costa rican hospital during and after an outbreak. | hospital transmission of clostridium difficile is fostered by contamination of surfaces and medical equipment with spores highly resistant to disinfectants and regular cleaning procedures. despite the outbreaks and fatalities that c difficile causes, its epidemiology has not been studied in hospitals from middle- and low-income countries. to tackle this knowledge gap, the detection frequency of c difficile dna on inert surfaces of a major costa rican hospital during and after an outbreak was com ... | 2016 | 28340959 |
| comparison of fungal culture to surgical pathology exam in the detection of dimorphic fungi and the impact on treatment and outcomes: a 25-year retrospective review at a tertiary cancer center. | the first nonactivated 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (pcc) is approved in the united states for warfarin reversal prior to emergent invasive procedures and in bleeding patients based on noninferiority studies vs plasma. this approval opened the door for off-label pcc use (eg, trauma, liver failure). we have also observed that some patients have received pcc and plasma to reverse a prolonged prothrombin time, instead of pcc alone. herein, we examined how often pcc was used for an off-l ... | 2017 | 28339920 |
| testing for clostridium difficile in patients with cancer. | 2017 | 28339307 | |
| clostridium difficile infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | case report of a 23-year-old male presenting with a severe flare of crohn's disease, exacerbated by community-acquired infection with clostridium difficile. this case outlines the association between c. difficile infection and inflammatory bowel disease, as both a mimic and a precipitant of flares. the discussion concerns the latest literature consensus on assessment and management of clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | 2017 | 28337044 |
| development of a bedside scoring system for predicting a first recurrence of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | a scoring system for identifying patients at high or low risk for recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) is described. | 2017 | 28336757 |
| surface layer proteins from virulent clostridium difficile ribotypes exhibit signatures of positive selection with consequences for innate immune response. | clostridium difficile is a nosocomial pathogen prevalent in hospitals worldwide and increasingly common in the community. sequence differences have been shown to be present in the surface layer proteins (slps) from different c. difficile ribotypes (rt) however whether these differences influence severity of infection is still not clear. | 2017 | 28335725 |
| morbidity in pregnant women associated with unverified penicillin allergies, antibiotic use, and group b streptococcus infections. | the morbidity potentially associated with unverified penicillin allergy in pregnant women, with and without group b streptococcus (gbs) infections, is unknown. penicillin allergy testing is safe during pregnancy but is done infrequently. | 2017 | 28333608 |
| outcomes of multisite antimicrobial stewardship programme implementation with a shared clinical decision support system. | studies evaluating antimicrobial stewardship programmes (asps) supported by computerized clinical decision support systems (cdsss) have predominantly been conducted in single site metropolitan hospitals. | 2017 | 28333302 |
| corrigendum: clostridium difficile infection worsen outcome of hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | 2017 | 28332614 | |
| molecular typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to six antimicrobials of clostridium difficile isolates from three czech hospitals in eastern bohemia in 2011-2012. | in 2011-2012, a survey was performed in three regional hospitals in the czech republic to determine the incidence of clostridium difficile infections (cdis) and to characterize bacterial isolates. c. difficile isolates were characterized by pcr ribotyping, toxin genes detection, multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to fidaxomicin, vancomycin, metronidazole, clindamycin, lff571, and moxifloxacin using agar dilution method. the inci ... | 2017 | 28332133 |
| ivig - a cure to severe refractory nap-1 clostridium difficile colitis? a case of successful treatment of severe infection, which failed standard therapy including fecal microbiota transplants and fidaxomicin. | the mainstay treatment of clostridium difficile infections (cdi) is antimicrobials with growing support for fecal microbiota transplants. we report the first case of an elderly man with severe refractory nap-1 pseudomembranous cdi who failed all medical therapy and two fecal transplants with response only seen after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin. | 2017 | 28331803 |
| evaluating risk factors for clostridium difficile infection in stem cell transplant recipients: a national study. | objective large-scale studies evaluating risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi), a leading cause of infectious diarrhea among patients undergoing stem cell transplantation (sct), are lacking. we have evaluated risk factors for cdi among both autologous sct (auto-sct), and allogeneic sct (allo-sct) recipients using the national inpatient sample (nis) database provided by the healthcare cost and utilization project (hcup). methods we used patient data obtained from the nis database ... | 2017 | 28330512 |
| practice patterns and outcomes associated with procalcitonin use in critically ill patients with sepsis. | randomized trials support use of procalcitonin-based algorithms to decrease duration of antibiotics for critically ill patients with sepsis. however, current utilization of procalcitonin and associated outcomes in "real world" clinical settings is unclear. we sought to determine procalcitonin utilization in critically ill patients with sepsis in the united states and to examine associations between procalcitonin use and clinical outcomes. | 2017 | 28329238 |
| protective factors in the intestinal microbiome against clostridium difficile infection in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a frequent complication in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-hsct), who receive intensive treatments that significantly disrupt the intestinal microbiota. in this study, we examined the microbiota composition of allo-hsct recipients to identify bacterial colonizers that confer protection against cdi following engraftment. | 2017 | 28329030 |
| a significant influence of metronidazole on busulfan pharmacokinetics: a case report of therapeutic drug monitoring. | busulfan is a cytotoxic agent used in preconditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). therapeutic drug monitoring of busulfan is necessary owing to its narrow therapeutic range. patients undergoing preconditioning are susceptible to infection and might require co-administration of antibiotics. we present a case study of a three-year-old girl with precursor t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who received intravenous busulfan before hsct. metronidazole was co-administered befo ... | 2017 | 28328762 |
| quality of care and outcomes among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients: a multicenter retrospective study. | half of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) require hospitalization. we sought to characterize inpatient quality indicators of care and outcomes during ibd-related hospitalizations at 4 major ibd referral centers in canada. | 2017 | 28328622 |
| bezlotoxumab (zinplava) for prevention of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28323808 | |
| permanent bulbar urethral ligation: emerging treatment option for incontinent men with end-stage urethra. | to report our experience with permanent urethral ligation for severe incontinence among men with end-stage urethra. | 2017 | 28322899 |
| production of ramoplanin and ramoplanin analogs by actinomycetes. | ramoplanin is a glycolipodepsipeptide antibiotic obtained from fermentation of actinoplanes sp. atcc 33076 that exhibits activity against clinically important multi-drug-resistant, gram-positive pathogens including vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), and vancomycin-intermediate resistant clostridium difficile. it disrupts bacterial cell wall through a unique mechanism of action by sequestering the peptidoglycan intermediate lipid ii and th ... | 2017 | 28321210 |
| current knowledge on the laboratory diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is a spore-forming, toxin-producing, gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that is the principal etiologic agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. infection with c. difficile (cdi) is characterized by diarrhea in clinical syndromes that vary from self-limited to mild or severe. since its initial recognition as the causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis, c. difficile has spread around the world. cdi is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections ... | 2017 | 28321156 |
| clostridium difficile: still costly, still difficult to treat, and still here. | 2017 | 28320543 | |
| evaluation of fixed and variable hospital costs due to clostridium difficile infection: institutional incentives and directions for future research. | economic analysis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) should consider the incentives facing institutional decision-makers. to avoid overstating the financial benefits of infection prevention, fixed and variable costs should be distinguished. | 2017 | 28320542 |
| patient mortality during unannounced accreditation surveys at us hospitals. | in the united states, hospitals receive accreditation through unannounced on-site inspections (ie, surveys) by the joint commission (tjc), which are high-pressure periods to demonstrate compliance with best practices. no research has addressed whether the potential changes in behavior and heightened vigilance during a tjc survey are associated with changes in patient outcomes. | 2017 | 28319229 |
| infection control implications of the laundering of ambulance staff uniforms and reusable mops. | there is a lack of published studies on laundering in ambulance services. we performed bacterial culture on soiled and unsoiled uniforms and reusable mop heads artificially contaminated with escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and clostridium difficile spores. current laundering processes used for routine cleans in the ambulances appears, from our simulations, to be effective at reducing vegetative pathogenic bacteria to undetectable levels, <3.398log10 colony-forming units (s. aureus and e ... | 2017 | 28318779 |
| antibiotic-associated diarrhea: clinical characteristics and the presence of clostridium difficile. | evidence in colombia and latin america has been insufficient for establishing the clinical characteristics of patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad). the present study attempts to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with aad and to determine the presence of clostridium difficile, utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. | 2017 | 28318702 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation in clostridium difficile infection: evidence and indications. | 2017 | 28318210 | |
| snake in the grass: a case report of transfusion reactions due to contaminated donor arm disinfectant. | bacterial contamination of blood components remains an on-going challenge. in the majority of cases, organisms contaminating the blood components are a part of normal skin flora. here, we report a case of bacterial contamination of blood units through contaminated donor arm disinfectant. there was a series of reactions due to random donor platelet (rdp) transfusion. the patients had features of septic transfusion reactions. on root cause analysis, spirit swabs used for disinfection of donors' ar ... | 2017 | 28316441 |
| novel indications for fecal microbial transplantation: update and review of the literature. | fecal microbial transplantation (fmt) is an established successful treatment modality for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). the safety profile and potential therapeutic advantages of fmt for diseases associated with dysbiosis and immune dysfunction have led to many publications, mainly case series, and while many studies and reviews have been published on the use of fmt for inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), its potential use for other disease conditions has not been thoroughly rev ... | 2017 | 28315032 |
| assessment of risk factors for candidemia in non-neutropenic patients hospitalized in internal medicine wards: a multicenter study. | an increasing prevalence of candidemia has been reported in internal medicine wards (imws). the aim of our study was to identify risk factors for candidemia among non-neutropenic patients hospitalized in imws. | 2017 | 28314653 |
| epidemiology, risk factors and outcome of clostridium difficile infection in heart and heart-lung transplant recipients. | clostridium difficile is a major cause of diarrhea in thoracic organ transplant recipients. we investigated the epidemiology, risk factors and outcome of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in heart and heart-lung transplant (ht) recipients. | 2017 | 28314071 |
| the attributable burden of clostridium difficile infection to long-term care facilities stay: a clinical study. | advanced age, history of hospitalization, and antibiotic consumption are associated with the pathogenesis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). long-term care facilities (ltcfs) represent a setting where cdi has been increasingly reported. we aimed to estimate the actual attributable burden of cdi to ltcf stay and determine the characteristics of the disease epidemiology in this setting. | 2017 | 28306141 |
| the impact of antibiotic stewardship programs in combating quinolone resistance: a systematic review and recommendations for more efficient interventions. | quinolones are among the most commonly prescribed antibiotics worldwide. a clear relationship has been demonstrated between excessive quinolone use and the steady increase in the incidence of quinolone-resistant bacterial pathogens, both in hospital and community sites. in addition, exposure to quinolones has been associated with colonization and infection with healthcare-associated pathogens such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients. ... | 2017 | 28303388 |
| a qualitative study to identify reasons for clostridium difficile testing in pediatric inpatients receiving laxatives or stool softeners. | to understand why clinicians send clostridium difficile tests from hospitalized children receiving laxatives or stool softeners, we performed a mixed-methods study. we prospectively identified tested patients and surveyed their clinicians by e-mail. reasons for testing included changes in stooling pattern on baseline bowel regimen, other changes in clinical status, and risk factors for c difficile infection. education targeting discontinuing bowel medications before c difficile testing could imp ... | 2017 | 28302431 |
| clostridium difficile toxin a induces reactive oxygen species production and p38mapk activation to exert cellular toxicity in neuronal cells. | clostridium difficile releases two exotoxins, toxin a and toxin b, which disrupt the epithelial cell barrier in the gut to increase mucosal permeability and trigger inflammation with severe diarrhea. many studies have suggested that enteric nerves are also directly involved in the progression of this toxin-mediated inflammation and diarrhea. c. difficile toxin a is known to enhance neurotransmitter secretion, increase gut motility, and suppress sympathetic neurotransmission in the guinea pig col ... | 2017 | 28301919 |
| deprescribing versus continuation of chronic proton pump inhibitor use in adults. | proton pump inhibitors (ppis) are a class of medications that reduce acid secretion and are used for treating many conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd), dyspepsia, reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, and hypersecretory conditions (e.g. zollinger-ellison syndrome), and as part of the eradication therapy for helicobacter pylori bacteria. however, approximately 25% to 70% of people are prescribed a ppi inappropriately. chronic ppi use without reassessment contributes to p ... | 2017 | 28301676 |
| intracolonic vancomycin through laprascopic appendicostomy for treatment of severe clostridium difficile colitis does not get systemic absorption. | 2017 | 28301334 | |
| clostridium difficile infection in acute care hospitals: systematic review and best practices for prevention. | objective prevention of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in acute-care hospitals is a priority for hospitals and clinicians. we performed a qualitative systematic review to update the evidence on interventions to prevent cdi published since 2009. design we searched ovid, medline, embase, the cochrane library, cinahl, the isi web of knowledge, and grey literature databases from january 1, 2009 to august 1, 2015. setting we included studies performed in acute-care hospitals. patients or parti ... | 2017 | 28300019 |