Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| characterization and stress-induced expression analysis of alfin-like transcription factors in brassica rapa. | the alfin-like (al) transcription factors (tfs) family is involved in many developmental processes, including the growth and development of roots, root hair elongation, meristem development, etc. however, stress resistance-related function and the regulatory mechanism of these tfs have yet to be elucidated. this study identified 15 brassica rapa al (bral) tfs from brad database, analyzed the sequences and profiled their expression first time in response to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans ... | 2015 | 25618423 |
| an ancient riboswitch class in bacteria regulates purine biosynthesis and one-carbon metabolism. | over 30 years ago, ztp (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside 5'-triphosphate), a modified purine biosynthetic intermediate, was proposed to signal 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate (10f-thf) deficiency in bacteria. however, the mechanisms by which this putative alarmone or its precursor zmp (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, also known as aicar) brings about any metabolic changes remain unexplained. herein, we report the existence of a widespread riboswitch class that is most commonly a ... | 2015 | 25616067 |
| pharmacogenetics predictive of response and toxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy. | acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) is a relatively rare disease in adults accounting for no more than 20% of all cases of acute leukemia. by contrast with the pediatric population, in whom significant improvements in long term survival and even cure have been achieved over the last 30years, adult all remains a significant challenge. overall survival in this group remains a relatively poor 20-40%. modern research has focused on improved pharmacokinetics, novel pharmacogenetics and personalized pr ... | 2015 | 25614322 |
| die for the community: an overview of programmed cell death in bacteria. | programmed cell death is a process known to have a crucial role in many aspects of eukaryotes physiology and is clearly essential to their life. as a consequence, the underlying molecular mechanisms have been extensively studied in eukaryotes and we now know that different signalling pathways leading to functionally and morphologically different forms of death exist in these organisms. similarly, mono-cellular organism can activate signalling pathways leading to death of a number of cells within ... | 2015 | 25611384 |
| metabolic fate of unsaturated glucuronic/iduronic acids from glycosaminoglycans: molecular identification and structure determination of streptococcal isomerase and dehydrogenase. | glycosaminoglycans in mammalian extracellular matrices are degraded to their constituents, unsaturated uronic (glucuronic/iduronic) acids and amino sugars, through successive reactions of bacterial polysaccharide lyase and unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase. genes coding for glycosaminoglycan-acting lyase, unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase, and the phosphotransferase system are assembled into a cluster in the genome of pathogenic bacteria, such as streptococci and clostridia. here, we studied the s ... | 2015 | 25605731 |
| chemical composition and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract and essential oil of iranian teucrium polium against some of phytobacteria. | the antibacterial activity of essential oil and methanolic extract of teucrium polium was determined against pseudomonas aeruginosa, pantoea agglomerans, brenneria nigrifluens, rhizobium radiobacter, rhizobium vitis, streptomyces scabies, ralstonia solanacearum, xanthomonas campestris and pectobacterium cartovorum by disc diffusion method. minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by using the serial dilution method. chemical composition of essential ... | 2015 | 25583240 |
| microbial interactions and the ecology and evolution of hawaiian drosophilidae. | adaptive radiations are characterized by an increased rate of speciation and expanded range of habitats and ecological niches exploited by those species. the hawaiian drosophilidae is a classic adaptive radiation; a single ancestral species colonized hawaii approximately 25 million years ago and gave rise to two monophyletic lineages, the hawaiian drosophila and the genus scaptomyza. the hawaiian drosophila are largely saprophagous and rely on approximately 40 endemic plant families and their as ... | 2014 | 25566196 |
| antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracted samples from the flowers of medicinally important plumeria obstusa. | the present research work was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial (eight bacteria and one fungus) activities of different solvent (ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and isobutanol) extracted samples from flowers of p. obstusa by disc diffusion method. analysis of the data revealed that all the five extracts from flowers of p. obstusa showed different ranges of antimicrobial activities. petroleum ether fractions showed inhibitory activities against all the nine microbia ... | 2015 | 25553696 |
| aspergiloid i, an unprecedented spirolactone norditerpenoid from the plant-derived endophytic fungus aspergillus sp. yxf3. | an unusual c18 norditerpenoid, aspergiloid i (1), was isolated from the culture broth of aspergillus sp. yxf3, an endophytic fungus derived from ginkgo biloba. its structure was unambiguously established by analysis of hrms-esi and spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration was determined by low-temperature (100 k) single crystal x-ray diffraction with cu kα radiation. this compound is structurally characterized by a new carbon skeleton with an unprecedented 6/5/6 tricyclic ring system b ... | 2014 | 25550731 |
| marine-derived quorum-sensing inhibitory activities enhance the antibacterial efficacy of tobramycin against pseudomonas aeruginosa. | bacterial epiphytes isolated from marine eukaryotes were screened for the production of quorum sensing inhibitory compounds (qsis). marine isolate ks8, identified as a pseudoalteromonas sp., was found to display strong quorum sensing inhibitory (qsi) activity against acyl homoserine lactone (ahl)-based reporter strains chromobacterium violaceum atcc 12472 and cv026. ks8 supernatant significantly reduced biofilm biomass during biofilm formation (-63%) and in pre-established, mature p. aeruginosa ... | 2014 | 25546516 |
| marine-derived quorum-sensing inhibitory activities enhance the antibacterial efficacy of tobramycin against pseudomonas aeruginosa. | bacterial epiphytes isolated from marine eukaryotes were screened for the production of quorum sensing inhibitory compounds (qsis). marine isolate ks8, identified as a pseudoalteromonas sp., was found to display strong quorum sensing inhibitory (qsi) activity against acyl homoserine lactone (ahl)-based reporter strains chromobacterium violaceum atcc 12472 and cv026. ks8 supernatant significantly reduced biofilm biomass during biofilm formation (-63%) and in pre-established, mature p. aeruginosa ... | 2014 | 25546516 |
| construction of a genome-scale metabolic network of the plant pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum provides new strategies for bactericide discovery. | we reconstructed the first genome-scale metabolic network of the plant pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pc1 based on its genomic sequence, annotation, and physiological data. metabolic characteristics were analyzed using flux balance analysis (fba), and the results were afterwards validated by phenotype microarray (pm) experiments. the reconstructed genome-scale metabolic model, ipc1209, contains 2235 reactions, 1113 metabolites and 1209 genes. we identified 19 potential ba ... | 2015 | 25535697 |
| the pallbearer e3 ligase promotes actin remodeling via rac in efferocytosis by degrading the ribosomal protein s6. | clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is achieved through phagocytosis by professional or amateur phagocytes. it is critical for tissue homeostasis and remodeling in all animals. failure in this process can contribute to the development of inflammatory autoimmune or neurodegenerative diseases. we found previously that the pall-scf e3-ubiquitin ligase complex promotes apoptotic cell clearance, but it remained unclear how it did so. here we show that the f-box protein pall interacts with ph ... | 2014 | 25533207 |
| the pallbearer e3 ligase promotes actin remodeling via rac in efferocytosis by degrading the ribosomal protein s6. | clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is achieved through phagocytosis by professional or amateur phagocytes. it is critical for tissue homeostasis and remodeling in all animals. failure in this process can contribute to the development of inflammatory autoimmune or neurodegenerative diseases. we found previously that the pall-scf e3-ubiquitin ligase complex promotes apoptotic cell clearance, but it remained unclear how it did so. here we show that the f-box protein pall interacts with ph ... | 2014 | 25533207 |
| plant-agrobacterium interaction mediated by ethylene and super-agrobacterium conferring efficient gene transfer. | agrobacterium tumefaciens has a unique ability to transfer genes into plant genomes. this ability has been utilized for plant genetic engineering. however, the efficiency is not sufficient for all plant species. several studies have shown that ethylene decreased the agrobacterium-mediated transformation frequency. thus, a. tumefaciens with an ability to suppress ethylene evolution would increase the efficiency of agrobacterium-mediated transformation. some studies showed that plant growth-promot ... | 2014 | 25520733 |
| simultaneous detection of major blackleg and soft rot bacterial pathogens in potato by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for simultaneous, fast and reliable detection of the main soft rot and blackleg potato pathogens in europe has been developed. it utilises three pairs of primers and enables detection of three groups of pectinolytic bacteria frequently found in potato, namely: pectobacterium atrosepticum, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum together with pectobacterium wasabiae and dickeya spp. in a multiplex pcr assay. in studies with axenic cultures o ... | 2014 | 25506085 |
| oligomerization, conformational stability and thermal unfolding of harpin, hrpzpss and its hypersensitive response-inducing c-terminal fragment, c-214-hrpzpss. | hrpz-a harpin from pseudomonas syringae-is a highly thermostable protein that exhibits multifunctional abilities e.g., it elicits hypersensitive response (hr), enhances plant growth, acts as a virulence factor, and forms pores in plant plasma membranes as well as artificial membranes. however, the molecular mechanism of its biological activity and high thermal stability remained poorly understood. hr inducing abilities of non-overlapping short deletion mutants of harpins put further constraints ... | 2014 | 25502017 |
| dimerization of nitrophorin 4 at low ph and comparison to the k1a mutant of nitrophorin 1. | nitrophorin 4, one of the four no-carrying heme proteins from the salivary glands of rhodnius prolixus, forms a homodimer at ph 5.0 with a kd of ∼8 μm. this dimer begins to dissociate at ph 5.5 and is completely dissociated to monomer at ph 7.3, even at 3.7 mm. the dimer is significantly stabilized by binding no to the heme and at ph 7.3 would require dilution to well below 0.2 mm to completely dissociate the np4-no homodimer. the primary techniques used for investigating the homodimer and the m ... | 2014 | 25489673 |
| dimerization of nitrophorin 4 at low ph and comparison to the k1a mutant of nitrophorin 1. | nitrophorin 4, one of the four no-carrying heme proteins from the salivary glands of rhodnius prolixus, forms a homodimer at ph 5.0 with a kd of ∼8 μm. this dimer begins to dissociate at ph 5.5 and is completely dissociated to monomer at ph 7.3, even at 3.7 mm. the dimer is significantly stabilized by binding no to the heme and at ph 7.3 would require dilution to well below 0.2 mm to completely dissociate the np4-no homodimer. the primary techniques used for investigating the homodimer and the m ... | 2014 | 25489673 |
| the rsm regulon of plant growth-promoting pseudomonas fluorescens ss101: role of small rnas in regulation of lipopeptide biosynthesis. | the rhizobacterium pseudomonas fluorescens ss101 inhibits growth of oomycete and fungal pathogens, and induces resistance in plants against pathogens and insects. to unravel regulatory pathways of secondary metabolite production in ss101, we conducted a genome-wide search for srnas and performed transcriptomic analyses to identify genes associated with the rsm (repressor of secondary metabolites) regulon. in silico analysis led to the identification of 16 putative srnas in the ss101 genome. in f ... | 2014 | 25488342 |
| the rsm regulon of plant growth-promoting pseudomonas fluorescens ss101: role of small rnas in regulation of lipopeptide biosynthesis. | the rhizobacterium pseudomonas fluorescens ss101 inhibits growth of oomycete and fungal pathogens, and induces resistance in plants against pathogens and insects. to unravel regulatory pathways of secondary metabolite production in ss101, we conducted a genome-wide search for srnas and performed transcriptomic analyses to identify genes associated with the rsm (repressor of secondary metabolites) regulon. in silico analysis led to the identification of 16 putative srnas in the ss101 genome. in f ... | 2014 | 25488342 |
| an annotated database of arabidopsis mutants of acyl lipid metabolism. | we have constructed and annotated a web-based database of over 280 arabidopsis genes that have characterized mutants associated with arabidopsis acyl lipid metabolism. mutants have played a fundamental role in gene discovery and in understanding the function of genes involved in plant acyl lipid metabolism. the first mutant in arabidopsis lipid metabolism (fad4) was described in 1985. since that time, characterization of mutants in more than 280 genes associated with acyl lipid metabolism has be ... | 2014 | 25487439 |
| an annotated database of arabidopsis mutants of acyl lipid metabolism. | we have constructed and annotated a web-based database of over 280 arabidopsis genes that have characterized mutants associated with arabidopsis acyl lipid metabolism. mutants have played a fundamental role in gene discovery and in understanding the function of genes involved in plant acyl lipid metabolism. the first mutant in arabidopsis lipid metabolism (fad4) was described in 1985. since that time, characterization of mutants in more than 280 genes associated with acyl lipid metabolism has be ... | 2014 | 25487439 |
| molecular effects of resistance elicitors from biological origin and their potential for crop protection. | plants contain a sophisticated innate immune network to prevent pathogenic microbes from gaining access to nutrients and from colonizing internal structures. the first layer of inducible response is governed by the plant following the perception of microbe- or modified plant-derived molecules. as the perception of these molecules results in a plant response that can provide efficient resistance toward non-adapted pathogens they can also be described as "defense elicitors." in compatible plant/mi ... | 2014 | 25484886 |
| bacteriophage resistance mechanisms in the fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum: linking genomic mutations to changes in bacterial virulence factors. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is an important fish pathogen in salmonid aquaculture worldwide. due to increased antibiotic resistance, pathogen control using bacteriophages has been explored as a possible alternative treatment. however, the effective use of bacteriophages in pathogen control requires overcoming the selection for phage resistance in the bacterial populations. here, we analyzed resistance mechanisms in f. psychrophilum after phage exposure using whole-genome sequencing of the ances ... | 2015 | 25480749 |
| luxr solos in photorhabdus species. | bacteria communicate via small diffusible molecules to mediate group-coordinated behavior, a process designated as quorum sensing. the basic molecular quorum sensing system of gram-negative bacteria consists of a luxi-type autoinducer synthase producing acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls) as signaling molecules, and a luxr-type receptor detecting the ahls to control expression of specific genes. however, many proteobacteria possess one or more unpaired luxr-type receptors that lack a cognate luxi-li ... | 2014 | 25478328 |
| an ancient defense system eliminates unfit cells from developing tissues during cell competition. | developing tissues that contain mutant or compromised cells present risks to animal health. accordingly, the appearance of a population of suboptimal cells in a tissue elicits cellular interactions that prevent their contribution to the adult. here we report that this quality control process, cell competition, uses specific components of the evolutionarily ancient and conserved innate immune system to eliminate drosophila cells perceived as unfit. we find that toll-related receptors (trrs) and t ... | 2014 | 25477468 |
| genetic transformation of ornithogalum via particle bombardment and generation of pectobacterium carotovorum-resistant plants. | bacterial soft rot caused by pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc) is one of the most devastating diseases of ornithogalum species. no effective control measures are currently available to use against this pathogen; thus, introduction of resistant genes via genetic transformation into this crop is a promising approach. tachyplesin i, an antimicrobial peptide, has been shown to effectively control numerous pathogenic bacteria, including pcc. in this study, liquid-grown cell clusters ... | 2014 | 25438795 |
| genomics-based exploration of virulence determinants and host-specific adaptations of pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from grasses. | the pseudomonas syringae species complex has recently been named the number one plant pathogen, due to its economic and environmental impacts, as well as for its role in scientific research. the bacterium has been repeatedly reported to cause outbreaks on bean, cucumber, stone fruit, kiwi and olive tree, as well as on other crop and non-crop plants. it also serves as a model organism for research on the type iii secretion system (t3ss) and plant-pathogen interactions. while most of the current w ... | 2014 | 25437611 |
| regenerative inflammation: lessons from drosophila intestinal epithelium in health and disease. | intestinal inflammation is widely recognized as a pivotal player in health and disease. defined cytologically as the infiltration of leukocytes in the lamina propria layer of the intestine, it can damage the epithelium and, on a chronic basis, induce inflammatory bowel disease and potentially cancer. the current view thus dictates that blood cell infiltration is the instigator of intestinal inflammation and tumor-promoting inflammation. this is based partially on work in humans and mice showing ... | 2013 | 25437036 |
| understanding and engineering beneficial plant-microbe interactions: plant growth promotion in energy crops. | plant production systems globally must be optimized to produce stable high yields from limited land under changing and variable climates. demands for food, animal feed, and feedstocks for bioenergy and biorefining applications, are increasing with population growth, urbanization and affluence. low-input, sustainable, alternatives to petrochemical-derived fertilizers and pesticides are required to reduce input costs and maintain or increase yields, with potential biological solutions having an im ... | 2014 | 25431199 |
| host-microbe interactions in the small bowel. | the intestine - home to a vast microbiome - balances its immune reactivity on a knife's edge. this review will summarize recent studies examining innate immune signals that shape the microbiota, and how pathogens can usurp protective responses to their advantage. | 2015 | 25426971 |
| enhancing crop innate immunity: new promising trends. | plants are constantly exposed to potentially pathogenic microbes present in their surrounding environment. due to the activation of the pattern-triggered immunity (pti) response that largely relies on accurate detection of pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns by pattern-recognition receptors (prrs), plants are resistant to the majority of potential pathogens. however, adapted pathogens may avoid recognition or repress plant pti and resulting diseases significantly affect crop yield ... | 2014 | 25414721 |
| carbohydrates in plant immunity and plant protection: roles and potential application as foliar sprays. | increasing interest is devoted to carbohydrates for their roles in plant immunity. some of them are elicitors of plant defenses whereas other ones act as signaling molecules in a manner similar to phytohormones. this review first describes the main classes of carbohydrates associated to plant immunity, their role and mode of action. more precisely, the state of the art about perception of "pamp, mamp, and damp (pathogen-, microbe-, damage-associated molecular patterns) type" oligosaccharides is ... | 2014 | 25408694 |
| moml, a novel marine-derived n-acyl homoserine lactonase from muricauda olearia. | gram-negative bacteria use n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) as quorum sensing (qs) signaling molecules for interspecies communication, and ahl-dependent qs is related with virulence factor production in many bacterial pathogens. quorum quenching, the enzymatic degradation of the signaling molecule, would attenuate virulence rather than kill the pathogens, and thereby reduce the potential for evolution of drug resistance. in a previous study, we showed that muricauda olearia th120, belonging to ... | 2015 | 25398866 |
| sibling rivalry: related bacterial small rnas and their redundant and non-redundant roles. | small rna molecules (srnas) are now recognized as key regulators controlling bacterial gene expression, as srnas provide a quick and efficient means of positively or negatively altering the expression of specific genes. to date, numerous srnas have been identified and characterized in a myriad of bacterial species, but more recently, a theme in bacterial srnas has emerged: the presence of more than one highly related srnas produced by a given bacterium, here termed sibling srnas. sibling srnas a ... | 2014 | 25389522 |
| a conserved peptide pattern from a widespread microbial virulence factor triggers pattern-induced immunity in arabidopsis. | microbe- or host damage-derived patterns mediate activation of pattern-triggered immunity (pti) in plants. microbial virulence factor (effector)-triggered immunity (eti) constitutes a second layer of plant protection against microbial attack. various necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (nep1)-like proteins (nlps) produced by bacterial, oomycete and fungal microbes are phytotoxic virulence factors that exert immunogenic activities through phytotoxin-induced host cell damage. we here show tha ... | 2014 | 25375108 |
| nep1-like proteins from three kingdoms of life act as a microbe-associated molecular pattern in arabidopsis. | necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (nep1)-like proteins (nlps) are secreted by a wide range of plant-associated microorganisms. they are best known for their cytotoxicity in dicot plants that leads to the induction of rapid tissue necrosis and plant immune responses. the biotrophic downy mildew pathogen hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis encodes 10 different noncytotoxic nlps (hanlps) that do not cause necrosis. we discovered that these noncytotoxic nlps, however, act as potent activators of t ... | 2014 | 25368167 |
| in vitro activity of glucosinolates and their degradation products against brassica-pathogenic bacteria and fungi. | glucosinolates (gsls) are secondary metabolites found in brassica vegetables that confer on them resistance against pests and diseases. both gsls and glucosinolate hydrolysis products (ghps) have shown positive effects in reducing soil pathogens. information about their in vitro biocide effects is scarce, but previous studies have shown sinigrin gsls and their associated allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) to be soil biocides. the objective of this work was to evaluate the biocide effects of 17 gsls and ... | 2014 | 25362058 |
| in vitro activity of glucosinolates and their degradation products against brassica-pathogenic bacteria and fungi. | glucosinolates (gsls) are secondary metabolites found in brassica vegetables that confer on them resistance against pests and diseases. both gsls and glucosinolate hydrolysis products (ghps) have shown positive effects in reducing soil pathogens. information about their in vitro biocide effects is scarce, but previous studies have shown sinigrin gsls and their associated allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) to be soil biocides. the objective of this work was to evaluate the biocide effects of 17 gsls and ... | 2014 | 25362058 |
| methanol and ethanol modulate responses to danger- and microbe-associated molecular patterns. | methanol is a byproduct of cell wall modification, released through the action of pectin methylesterases (pmes), which demethylesterify cell wall pectins. plant pmes play not only a role in developmental processes but also in responses to herbivory and infection by fungal or bacterial pathogens. molecular mechanisms that explain how methanol affects plant defenses are poorly understood. here we show that exogenously supplied methanol alone has weak effects on defense signaling in three dicot spe ... | 2014 | 25360141 |
| simplification of vacuole structure during plant cell death triggered by culture filtrates of erwinia carotovora. | vacuoles are suggested to play crucial roles in plant defense-related cell death. during programmed cell death, previous live cell imaging studies have observed vacuoles to become simpler in structure and have implicated this simplification as a prelude to the vacuole's rupture and consequent lysis of the plasma membrane. here, we examined dynamics of the vacuole in cell cycle-synchronized tobacco by-2 (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. bright yellow 2) cells during cell death induced by application of c ... | 2015 | 25359592 |
| influence of soil type, cultivar and verticillium dahliae on the structure of the root and rhizosphere soil fungal microbiome of strawberry. | sustainable management of crop productivity and health necessitates improved understanding of the ways in which rhizosphere microbial populations interact with each other, with plant roots and their abiotic environment. in this study we examined the effects of different soils and cultivars, and the presence of a soil-borne fungal pathogen, verticillium dahliae, on the fungal microbiome of the rhizosphere soil and roots of strawberry plants, using high-throughput pyrosequencing. fungal communitie ... | 2014 | 25347069 |
| isolation and characterization of vb_ars-arv2 - first arthrobacter sp. infecting bacteriophage with completely sequenced genome. | this is the first report on a complete genome sequence and biological characterization of the phage that infects arthrobacter. a novel virus vb_ars-arv2 (arv2) was isolated from soil using arthrobacter sp. 68b strain for phage propagation. based on transmission electron microscopy, arv2 belongs to the family siphoviridae and has an isometric head (∼63 nm in diameter) with a non-contractile flexible tail (∼194×10 nm) and six short tail fibers. arv2 possesses a linear, double-stranded dna genome ( ... | 2014 | 25333962 |
| differential expression of endogenous plant cell wall degrading enzyme genes in the stick insect (phasmatodea) midgut. | stick and leaf insects (phasmatodea) are an exclusively leaf-feeding order of insects with no record of omnivory, unlike other "herbivorous" polyneoptera. they represent an ideal system for investigating the adaptations necessary for obligate folivory, including plant cell wall degrading enzymes (pcwdes). however, their physiology and internal anatomy is poorly understood, with limited genomic resources available. | 2014 | 25331961 |
| transcriptional activation of multiple operons involved in para-nitrophenol degradation by pseudomonas sp. strain wbc-3. | pseudomonas sp. strain wbc-3 utilizes para-nitrophenol (pnp) as a sole carbon and energy source. the genes involved in pnp degradation are organized in the following three operons: pnpa, pnpb, and pnpcdefg. how the expression of the genes is regulated is unknown. in this study, an lysr-type transcriptional regulator (lttr) is identified to activate the expression of the genes in response to the specific inducer pnp. while the lttr coding gene pnpr was found to be not physically linked to any of ... | 2014 | 25326309 |
| transcriptional activation of multiple operons involved in para-nitrophenol degradation by pseudomonas sp. strain wbc-3. | pseudomonas sp. strain wbc-3 utilizes para-nitrophenol (pnp) as a sole carbon and energy source. the genes involved in pnp degradation are organized in the following three operons: pnpa, pnpb, and pnpcdefg. how the expression of the genes is regulated is unknown. in this study, an lysr-type transcriptional regulator (lttr) is identified to activate the expression of the genes in response to the specific inducer pnp. while the lttr coding gene pnpr was found to be not physically linked to any of ... | 2014 | 25326309 |
| siderophore-mediated iron acquisition influences motility and is required for full virulence of the xylem-dwelling bacterial phytopathogen pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. | iron is a key micronutrient for microbial growth but is often present in low concentrations or in biologically unavailable forms. many microorganisms overcome this challenge by producing siderophores, which are ferric-iron chelating compounds that enable the solubilization and acquisition of iron in a bioactive form. pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, the causal agent of stewart's wilt of sweet corn, produces a siderophore under iron-limiting conditions. the proteins involved in the biosynthesi ... | 2014 | 25326304 |
| siderophore-mediated iron acquisition influences motility and is required for full virulence of the xylem-dwelling bacterial phytopathogen pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. | iron is a key micronutrient for microbial growth but is often present in low concentrations or in biologically unavailable forms. many microorganisms overcome this challenge by producing siderophores, which are ferric-iron chelating compounds that enable the solubilization and acquisition of iron in a bioactive form. pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, the causal agent of stewart's wilt of sweet corn, produces a siderophore under iron-limiting conditions. the proteins involved in the biosynthesi ... | 2014 | 25326304 |
| synthesis and quantitative structure activity relationship (qsar) of arylidene (benzimidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazones as potential antibacterial agents. | ethyl (benzimidazol-1-yl)acetate was subjected to hydrazinolysis with hydrazine hydrate to give (benzimidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide. the latter was reacted with various aromatic aldehydes to give the respective arylidene (1h-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazones. solutions of the prepared hydrazones were found to contain two geometric isomers. similarly (2-methyl-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide was reacted with various aldehydes to give the corresponding hydrazones. the antibacterial activity was eva ... | 2015 | 25304024 |
| genomic overview of the phytopathogen pectobacterium wasabiae strain rns 08.42.1a suggests horizontal acquisition of quorum-sensing genes. | the blackleg and soft-rot diseases caused by pectinolytic enterobacteria such as pectobacterium and dickeya are major causes of losses affecting potato crop in the field and upon storage. in this work, we report the isolation, characterization and genome analysis of the pectobacterium wasabiae (formerly identified as pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum) strain rns 08.42.1a, that has been isolated from a solanum tuberosum host plant in france. comparative genomics with 3 other p. wasabi ... | 2015 | 25297844 |
| expression, purification and crystallization of ctb-mpr, a candidate mucosal vaccine component against hiv-1. | ctb-mpr is a fusion protein between the b subunit of cholera toxin (ctb) and the membrane-proximal region of gp41 (mpr), the transmembrane envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1), and has previously been shown to induce the production of anti-hiv-1 antibodies with antiviral functions. to further improve the design of this candidate vaccine, x-ray crystallography experiments were performed to obtain structural information about this fusion protein. several variants of ctb-mpr w ... | 2014 | 25295172 |
| altered cultivar resistance of kimchi cabbage seedlings mediated by salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene. | two cultivars buram-3-ho (susceptible) and cr-hagwang (moderate resistant) of kimchi cabbage seedlings showed differential defense responses to anthracnose (colletotrichum higginsianum), black spot (alternaria brassicicola) and black rot (xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, xcc) diseases in our previous study. defense-related hormones salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja) and ethylene led to different transcriptional regulation of pathogenesis-related (pr) gene expression in both cultivars. ... | 2014 | 25289020 |
| antimicrobial effects of a hexapetide kcm21 against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 and clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are small but effective cationic peptides with variable length. in previous study, four hexapeptides were identified that showed antimicrobial activities against various phytopathogenic bacteria. kcm21, the most effective antimicrobial peptide, was selected for further analysis to understand its modes of action by monitoring inhibitory effects of various cations, time-dependent antimicrobial kinetics, and observing cell disruption by electron microscopy. the effects ... | 2014 | 25289010 |
| proteomic analysis of a global regulator gacs sensor kinase in the rhizobacterium, pseudomonas chlororaphis o6. | the gacs/gaca system in the root colonizer pseudomonas chlororaphis o6 is a key regulator of many traits relevant to the biocontrol function of this bacterium. proteomic analysis revealed 12 proteins were down-regulated in a gacs mutant of p. chlororaphis o6. these gacs-regulated proteins functioned in combating oxidative stress, cell signaling, biosynthesis of secondary metabolism, and secretion. the extent of regulation was shown by real-time rt-pcr to vary between the genes. mutants of p. chl ... | 2014 | 25289007 |
| genetic diversity of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis isolated in korea. | the plant pathogenic bacterial genus pectobacteirum consists of heterogeneous strains. the p. carotovorum species is a complex strain showing divergent characteristics, and a new subspecies named p. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis has been identified recently. in this paper, we re-identified the p. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis isolates from those classified under the subspecies carotovorum and newly isolated p. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis strains. all isolates were able to produce plant c ... | 2014 | 25288994 |
| the interaction of human enteric pathogens with plants. | there are an increasing number of outbreaks of human pathogens related to fresh produce. thus, the growth of human pathogens on plants should be explored. human pathogens can survive under the harsh environments in plants, and can adhere and actively invade plants. plant-associated microbiota or insects contribute to the survival and transmission of enteric pathogens in plants. human enteric pathogens also trigger plant innate immunity, but some pathogens-such as salmonella-can overcome this def ... | 2014 | 25288993 |
| fungicide sensitivity and characterization of cobweb disease on a pleurotus eryngii mushroom crop caused by cladobotryum mycophilum. | in 2009-2010, unusual symptoms were observed on pleurotus eryngii grown in mushroom farms in gyeongnam province, republic of korea. one of the main symptoms was a cobweb-like growth of fungal mycelia over the surface of the mushroom. the colonies on the surface rapidly overwhelmed the mushrooms and developed several spores within 3-4 days. the colonized surface turned pale brown or yellow. the fruit body eventually turned dark brown and became rancid. koch's postulates were completed by spraying ... | 2014 | 25288989 |
| systemic induction of the small antibacterial compound in the leaf exudate during benzothiadiazole-elicited systemic acquired resistance in pepper. | plants protect themselves from diverse potential pathogens by induction of the immune systems such as systemic acquired resistance (sar). most bacterial plant pathogens thrive in the intercellular space (apoplast) of plant tissues and cause symptoms. the apoplastic leaf exudate (le) is believed to contain nutrients to provide food resource for phytopathogenic bacteria to survive and to bring harmful phytocompounds to protect plants against bacterial pathogens. in this study, we employed the pepp ... | 2013 | 25288963 |
| transcriptome analysis of induced systemic drought tolerance elicited by pseudomonas chlororaphis o6 in arabidopsis thaliana. | root colonization by pseudomonas chlororaphis o6 induces systemic drought tolerance in arabidopsis thaliana. microarray analysis was performed using the 22,800-gene affymetrix genechips to identify differentially-expressed genes from plants colonized with or without p. chlororaphis o6 under drought stressed conditions or normal growth conditions. root colonization in plants grown under regular irrigation condition increased transcript accumulation from genes associated with defense, response to ... | 2013 | 25288948 |
| modulation of quorum sensing in acylhomoserine lactone-producing or -degrading tobacco plants leads to alteration of induced systemic resistance elicited by the rhizobacterium serratia marcescens 90-166. | numerous root-associated bacteria (rhizobacteria) are known to elicit induced systemic resistance (isr) in plants. bacterial cell-density-dependent quorum sensing (qs) is thought to be important for isr. here, we investigated the role of qs in the isr elicited by the rhizobacterium, serratia marcescens strain 90-166, in tobacco. since s. marcescens 90-166 produces at least three qs signals, qs-mediated isr in strain 90-166 has been difficult to understand. therefore, we investigated the isr capa ... | 2013 | 25288945 |
| determinants of plant growth-promoting ochrobactrum lupini kudc1013 involved in induction of systemic resistance against pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in tobacco leaves. | the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium ochrobactrum lupini kudc1013 elicited induced systemic resistance (isr) in tobacco against soft rot disease caused by pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. we investigated of its factors involved in isr elicitation. to characterize the isr determinants, kudc1013 cell suspension, heat-treated cells, supernatant from a culture medium, crude bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and flagella were tested for their isr activities. both lps and flagella ... | 2013 | 25288944 |
| promoting plant protection by root-associated microbes. | 2013 | 25288938 | |
| a suitable streptomycin-resistant mutant for constructing unmarked in-frame gene deletions using rpsl as a counter-selection marker. | the streptomycin counter-selection system is a useful tool for constructing unmarked in-frame gene deletions, which is a fundamental approach to study bacteria and their pathogenicity at the molecular level. a prerequisite for this system is acquiring a streptomycin-resistant strain due to rpsl mutations, which encodes the ribosomal protein s12. however, in this study no streptomycin resistance was found to be caused by rpsl mutations in all 127 clinical strains of klebsiella pneumoniae isolated ... | 2014 | 25268958 |
| the drosophila mapk p38c regulates oxidative stress and lipid homeostasis in the intestine. | the p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase signaling cassette has been implicated in stress and immunity in evolutionarily diverse species. in response to a wide variety of physical, chemical and biological stresses p38 kinases phosphorylate various substrates, transcription factors of the atf family and other protein kinases, regulating cellular adaptation to stress. the drosophila genome encodes three p38 kinases named p38a, p38b and p38c. in this study, we have analyzed the role of p38c i ... | 2014 | 25254641 |
| the hierarchy quorum sensing network in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pseudomonas aeruginosa causes severe and persistent infections in immune compromised individuals and cystic fibrosis sufferers. the infection is hard to eradicate as p. aeruginosa has developed strong resistance to most conventional antibiotics. the problem is further compounded by the ability of the pathogen to form biofilm matrix, which provides bacterial cells a protected environment withstanding various stresses including antibiotics. quorum sensing (qs), a cell density-based intercellular c ... | 2014 | 25249263 |
| the hierarchy quorum sensing network in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pseudomonas aeruginosa causes severe and persistent infections in immune compromised individuals and cystic fibrosis sufferers. the infection is hard to eradicate as p. aeruginosa has developed strong resistance to most conventional antibiotics. the problem is further compounded by the ability of the pathogen to form biofilm matrix, which provides bacterial cells a protected environment withstanding various stresses including antibiotics. quorum sensing (qs), a cell density-based intercellular c ... | 2014 | 25249263 |
| controlled expression of pectic enzymes in arabidopsis thaliana enhances biomass conversion without adverse effects on growth. | lignocellulosic biomass from agriculture wastes is a potential source of biofuel, but its use is currently limited by the recalcitrance of the plant cell wall to enzymatic digestion. modification of the wall structural components can be a viable strategy to overcome this bottleneck. we have previously shown that the expression of a fungal polygalacturonase (pga2 from aspergillus niger) in arabidopsis and tobacco plants reduces the levels of de-esterified homogalacturonan in the cell wall and sig ... | 2015 | 25242621 |
| understanding the enormous diversity of bacteriophages: the tailed phages that infect the bacterial family enterobacteriaceae. | bacteriophages are the predominant biological entity on the planet. the recent explosion of sequence information has made estimates of their diversity possible. we describe the genomic comparison of 337 fully sequenced tailed phages isolated on 18 genera and 31 species of bacteria in the enterobacteriaceae. these phages were largely unambiguously grouped into 56 diverse clusters (32 lytic and 24 temperate) that have syntenic similarity over >50% of the genomes within each cluster, but substantia ... | 2014 | 25240328 |
| conversion of the pseudomonas aeruginosa quinolone signal and related alkylhydroxyquinolines by rhodococcus sp. strain bg43. | a bacterial strain, which based on the sequences of its 16s rrna, gyrb, cata, and qsda genes, was identified as a rhodococcus sp. closely related to rhodococcus erythropolis, was isolated from soil by enrichment on the pseudomonas quinolone signal [pqs; 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1h)-quinolone], a quorum sensing signal employed by the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa. the isolate, termed rhodococcus sp. strain bg43, cometabolically degraded pqs and its biosynthetic precursor 2-heptyl-4(1h ... | 2014 | 25239889 |
| linoleic acid-induced expression of defense genes and enzymes in tobacco. | linoleic acid (la) is a naturally occurring fatty acid (fa) found to elicit induced systemic resistance (isr) of tobacco against the bacterial soft rot pathogen, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc). in this study, we examined effects of six doses of exogenous la on the induction of defense genes and enzymes. the optimum isr activity was observed in plants treated with 0.1mm la where the effect of la on membrane permeability was minimal. the application of la as a root drench enha ... | 2014 | 25238656 |
| growth characteristics and biofilm formation of various spoilage bacteria isolated from fresh produce. | this study investigated the characteristics of spoilage bacteria isolated from fresh produce including growth at various temperatures, biofilm formation, cell hydrophobicity, and colony spreading. the number of spoilage bacteria present when stored at 35 °c was significantly greater than when stored at lower temperatures, and maximum population size was achieved after 10 h. however, bacillus pumilus, dickeya zeae, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pcc21, and bacillus pumilus (rda-r) ... | 2014 | 25224561 |
| host-microbe interactions shaping the gastrointestinal environment. | tremendous advances have been made in mapping the complexity of the human gut microbiota in both health and disease states. these analyses have revealed that, rather than a constellation of individual species, a healthy microbiota comprises an interdependent network of microbes. the microbial and host interactions that shape both this network and the gastrointestinal environment are areas of intense investigation. here we review emerging concepts of how microbial metabolic processes control comm ... | 2014 | 25220948 |
| synthesis and bioactivities of silver nanoparticles capped with 5-amino-β-resorcylic acid hydrochloride dihydrate. | conjugated and drug loaded silver nanoparticles are getting an increased attention for various biomedical applications. nanoconjugates showed significant enhancement in biological activity in comparison to free drug molecules. in this perspective, we report the synthesis of bioactive silver capped with 5-amino-β-resorcylic acid hydrochloride dihydrate (ar). the in vitro antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal), enzyme inhibition (xanthine oxidase, urease, carbonic anhydrase, α-chymotrypsin, cho ... | 2014 | 25201390 |
| pantoea sp. isolated from tropical fresh water exhibiting n-acyl homoserine lactone production. | n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) serves as signaling molecule for quorum sensing (qs) in gram-negative bacteria to regulate various physiological activities including pathogenicity. with the aim of isolating freshwater-borne bacteria that can cause outbreak of disease in plants and portrayed qs properties, environmental water sampling was conducted. here we report the preliminary screening of ahl production using chromobacterium violaceum cv026 and escherichia coli [psb401] as ahl biosensors. the ... | 2014 | 25197715 |
| complete genome of the switchgrass endophyte enterobacter clocace p101. | the enterobacter cloacae complex is genetically very diverse. the increasing number of complete genomic sequences of e. cloacae is helping to determine the exact relationship among members of the complex. e. cloacae p101 is an endophyte of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) and is closely related to other e. cloacae strains isolated from plants. the p101 genome consists of a 5,369,929 bp chromosome. the chromosome has 5,164 protein-coding regions, 100 trna sequences, and 8 rrna operons. | 2014 | 25197457 |
| enterobacter asburiae strain l1: complete genome and whole genome optical mapping analysis of a quorum sensing bacterium. | enterobacter asburiae l1 is a quorum sensing bacterium isolated from lettuce leaves. in this study, for the first time, the complete genome of e. asburiae l1 was sequenced using the single molecule real time sequencer (pacbio rsii) and the whole genome sequence was verified by using optical genome mapping (opgen) technology. in our previous study, e. asburiae l1 has been reported to produce ahls, suggesting the possibility of virulence factor regulation which is quorum sensing dependent. this ev ... | 2014 | 25196111 |
| akirin specifies nf-κb selectivity of drosophila innate immune response via chromatin remodeling. | the network of nf-κb-dependent transcription that activates both pro- and anti-inflammatory genes in mammals is still unclear. as nf-κb factors are evolutionarily conserved, we used drosophila to understand this network. the nf-κb transcription factor relish activates effector gene expression following gram-negative bacterial immune challenge. here, we show, using a genome-wide approach, that the conserved nuclear protein akirin is a nf-κb co-factor required for the activation of a subset of rel ... | 2014 | 25180232 |
| detection of potato storage disease via gas analysis: a pilot study using field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry. | soft rot is a commonly occurring potato tuber disease that each year causes substantial losses to the food industry. here, we explore the possibility of early detection of the disease via gas/vapor analysis, in a laboratory environment, using a recent technology known as faims (field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry). in this work, tubers were inoculated with a bacterium causing the infection, pectobacterium carotovorum, and stored within set environmental conditions in order to manage disea ... | 2014 | 25171118 |
| lectin domains at the frontiers of plant defense. | plants are under constant attack from pathogens and herbivorous insects. to protect and defend themselves, plants evolved a multi-layered surveillance system, known as the innate immune system. plants sense their encounters upon perception of conserved microbial structures and damage-associated patterns using cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors. plant lectins and proteins with one or more lectin domains represent a major part of these receptors. the whole group of plant lectins compr ... | 2014 | 25165467 |
| ends of the line for tmrna-smpb. | genes for the rna tmrna and protein smpb, partners in the trans-translation process that rescues stalled ribosomes, have previously been found in all bacteria and some organelles. during a major update of the tmrna website (relocated to http://bioinformatics.sandia.gov/tmrna), including addition of an smpb sequence database, we found some bacteria that lack functionally significant regions of smpb. three groups with reduced genomes have lost the central loop of smpb, which is thought to improve ... | 2014 | 25165464 |
| foeniculum vulgare mill: a review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology. | foeniculum vulgare mill commonly called fennel has been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments related to digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and respiratory systems. additionally, it is also used as a galactagogue agent for lactating mothers. the review aims to gather the fragmented information available in the literature regarding morphology, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of foeniculum vulgare. it also compiles available scientific ... | 2014 | 25162032 |
| the role of the secondary cell wall in plant resistance to pathogens. | plant resistance to pathogens relies on a complex network of constitutive and inducible defensive barriers. the plant cell wall is one of the barriers that pathogens need to overcome to successfully colonize plant tissues. the traditional view of the plant cell wall as a passive barrier has evolved to a concept that considers the wall as a dynamic structure that regulates both constitutive and inducible defense mechanisms, and as a source of signaling molecules that trigger immune responses. the ... | 2014 | 25161657 |
| metabolic engineering of escherichia coli for production of mixed-acid fermentation end products. | mixed-acid fermentation end products have numerous applications in biotechnology. this is probably the main driving force for the development of multiple strains that are supposed to produce individual end products with high yields. the process of engineering escherichia coli strains for applied production of ethanol, lactate, succinate, or acetate was initiated several decades ago and is still ongoing. this review follows the path of strain development from the general characteristics of aerobi ... | 2014 | 25152889 |
| identification and expression analysis of wrky family genes under biotic and abiotic stresses in brassica rapa. | wrky proteins constitute one of the largest transcription factor families in higher plants, and they are involved in multiple biological processes such as plant development, metabolism, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. genes of this family have been well documented in response to many abiotic and biotic stresses in many plant species, but not yet against pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans in any of the plants. moreover, potentiali ... | 2015 | 25149146 |
| an in-depth analysis of a multilocus phylogeny identifies leus as a reliable phylogenetic marker for the genus pantoea. | partial sequences of six core genes (fusa, gyrb, leus, pyrg, rlpb, and rpob) of 37 strains of pantoea species were analyzed in order to obtain a comprehensive view regarding the phylogenetic relationships within the pantoea genus and compare tree topologies to identify gene(s) for reliable species and subspecies differentiation. all genes used in this study were effective at species-level delineation, but the internal nodes represented conflicting common ancestors in fusa- and pyrg-based phyloge ... | 2014 | 25125967 |
| biotic interactions in the rhizosphere: a diverse cooperative enterprise for plant productivity. | microbes and plants have evolved biochemical mechanisms to communicate with each other. the molecules responsible for such communication are secreted during beneficial or harmful interactions. hundreds of these molecules secreted into the rhizosphere have been identified, and their functions are being studied in order to understand the mechanisms of interaction and communication among the different members of the rhizosphere community. the importance of root and microbe secretion to the undergro ... | 2014 | 25118253 |
| autophagy protects c. elegans against necrosis during pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. | autophagy, a conserved pathway that delivers intracellular materials into lysosomes for degradation, is involved in development, aging, and a variety of diseases. accumulating evidence demonstrates that autophagy plays a protective role against infectious diseases by diminishing intracellular pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. however, the mechanism by which autophagy regulates innate immunity remains largely unknown. here, we show that autophagy is involved in host defense a ... | 2014 | 25114220 |
| effects of the joint exposure of decabromodiphenyl ether and tetrabromobisphenol a on soil bacterial community structure. | decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) and tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) are the main contaminants at electronic waste (e-waste) recycling sites (ewrss), and their potential toxicological effects have received extensive attention. however, the impact on soil microorganism of joint exposure to the two chemicals remains almost unknown. therefore, indoor incubation tests were performed on control and contaminated soil samples to determine the response of soil bacterial community structure in the joint pr ... | 2015 | 25106514 |
| tandem mass spectrometry detection of quorum sensing activity in multidrug resistant clinical isolate acinetobacter baumannii. | many proteobacteria communicate via production followed by response of quorum sensing molecules, namely, n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls). these molecules consist of a lactone moiety with n-acyl side chain with various chain lengths and degrees of saturation at c-3 position. ahl-dependent qs is often associated with regulation of diverse bacterial phenotypes including the expression of virulence factors. with the use of biosensor and high resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometr ... | 2014 | 25101326 |
| a novel single-stranded rna virus isolated from a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus, rosellinia necatrix, with similarity to hypo-like viruses. | here we report a biological and molecular characterization of a novel positive-sense rna virus isolated from a field isolate (nw10) of a filamentous phytopathogenic fungus, the white root rot fungus that is designated as rosellinia necatrix fusarivirus 1 (rnfv1). a recently developed technology using zinc ions allowed us to transfer rnfv1 to two mycelially incompatible rosellinia necatrix strains. a biological comparison of the virus-free and -recipient isogenic fungal strains suggested that rnf ... | 2014 | 25101066 |
| effect of oxygen on the growth and biofilm formation of xylella fastidiosa in liquid media. | xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of pierce's disease of grapevines and scorch diseases of many other plant species. the disease symptoms are putatively due to blocking of the transpiration stream by bacterial-induced biofilm formation and/or by the formation of plant-generated tylosis. xylella fastidiosa has been classified as an obligate aerobe, which appears unusual given that dissolved o2 levels in the xylem during the growing season are oft ... | 2014 | 25100224 |
| thiophene acetylenes and furanosesquiterpenes from xanthopappus subacaulis and their antibacterial activities. | in a search for naturally occurring antibacterial compounds in medicinal plants, six hitherto unknown thiophene acetylenes, named 10,11-threo-xanthopappin d, 10,11-erythro-xanthopappin d, 10,11-cis-xanthopappin b, 5-(but-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-ynyl)-2-(z)-pent-3-ene-1-ynylthiophene, 5-(but-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-ynyl)-2-(e)-pent-3-ene-1-ynylthiophene, 5-(but-3,4-dihydroxy-1-ynyl)-2-(z)-pent-3-ene-1-ynylthiophene and two furanosesquiterpenes, as well as fifteen known compounds, were isolated from xan ... | 2014 | 25096755 |
| srna antitoxins: more than one way to repress a toxin. | bacterial toxin-antitoxin loci consist of two genes: one encodes a potentially toxic protein, and the second, an antitoxin to repress its function or expression. the antitoxin can either be an rna or a protein. for type i and type iii loci, the antitoxins are rnas; however, they have very different modes of action. type i antitoxins repress toxin protein expression through interacting with the toxin mrna, thereby targeting the mrna for degradation or preventing its translation or both; type iii ... | 2014 | 25093388 |
| carum copticum l.: a herbal medicine with various pharmacological effects. | carum copticum l. commonly known as "ajwain" is cultivated in many regions of the world including iran and india, states of gujarat and rajasthan. traditionally, c. copticum has been used in the past for various therapeutic effects including bloating, fatigue, diarrhea, abdominal tumors, abdominal pain, respiratory distress, and loss of appetite. it has other health benefits such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and hypolipidemic effects. this plant contains different im ... | 2014 | 25089273 |
| draft genome sequence of pantoea agglomerans r190, a producer of antibiotics against phytopathogens and foodborne pathogens. | pantoea agglomerans r190, isolated from an apple orchard, showed antibacterial activity against various spoilage bacteria, including pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, and foodborne pathogens such as escherichia coli o157:h7. here, we report the genome sequence of p. agglomerans r190. this report will raise the value of p. agglomerans as an agent for biocontrol of disease. | 2014 | 25087741 |
| identification and characterization of lim gene family in brassica rapa. | lim (lin-11, isl-1 and mec-3 domains) genes have been reported to trigger the formation of actin bundles, a major higher-order cytoskeletal assembly, in higher plants; however, the stress resistance related functions of these genes are still not well known. in this study, we collected 22 lim genes designated as brassica rapa lim (brlim) from the brassica database, analyzed the sequences, compared them with lim genes of other plants and analyzed their expression after applying biotic and abiotic ... | 2014 | 25086651 |
| cloning and characterization of a novel drosophila stress induced dnase. | drosophila melanogaster flies mount an impressive immune response to a variety of pathogens with an efficient system comprised of both humoral and cellular responses. the fat body is the main producer of the anti-microbial peptides (amps) with anti-pathogen activity. during bacterial infection, an array of secreted peptidases, proteases and other enzymes are involved in the dissolution of debris generated by pathogen clearance. although pathogen destruction should result in the release a large a ... | 2014 | 25083901 |
| exploring functional contexts of symbiotic sustain within lichen-associated bacteria by comparative omics. | symbioses represent a frequent and successful lifestyle on earth and lichens are one of their classic examples. recently, bacterial communities were identified as stable, specific and structurally integrated partners of the lichen symbiosis, but their role has remained largely elusive in comparison to the well-known functions of the fungal and algal partners. we have explored the metabolic potentials of the microbiome using the lung lichen lobaria pulmonaria as the model. metagenomic and proteom ... | 2014 | 25072413 |
| exploring functional contexts of symbiotic sustain within lichen-associated bacteria by comparative omics. | symbioses represent a frequent and successful lifestyle on earth and lichens are one of their classic examples. recently, bacterial communities were identified as stable, specific and structurally integrated partners of the lichen symbiosis, but their role has remained largely elusive in comparison to the well-known functions of the fungal and algal partners. we have explored the metabolic potentials of the microbiome using the lung lichen lobaria pulmonaria as the model. metagenomic and proteom ... | 2014 | 25072413 |