Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| sri lanka: an innovative approach to the implementation of integrated parasite control, nutrition and family planning projects. | the objective of the sri lanka integrated project of parasite control, nutrition, and family planning is to approach the community through the medium of parasite control and lead it to a better life through community participation in an integrated health program built on the 3 pillars of parasite control, better nutrition, and family planning. other objectives include studying the mechanism of community participation in 3 very different environments, which were typical of different regions of t ... | 1984 | 12313055 |
| the kingdom of sri lanka: high literacy is a good sign. | this discussion of sri lanka focuses on population growth, regions and cities, ethnicity and religion, age distribution of the population, households and families, housing, education, labor force and income, communication, and sources of information. the country's 1981 census recorded 14.8 million people, up from 12.7 million in 1971. the population grew by 17% during the decade between censuses, and its average annual rate of growth is presently 2.2%. if the country continues at its current ... | 1984 | 12313041 |
| asian labor migration to the middle east. | 1984 | 12313002 | |
| country watch: sri lanka. | though reporting on hiv/aids is supposed to be confidential, the social and cultural contexts in sri lanka are such that this type of information spreads very rapidly within the community. reports of transgressions involving the medical staff illustrate how difficult it is to guarantee confidentiality in reporting hiv/aids in the country. as a consequence, individuals who can afford to travel prefer to be tested abroad to avoid stigmatization, and blood donors sometimes provide false informati ... | 2000 | 12295986 |
| migrant female domestic workers: debating the economic, social and political impacts in singapore. | this article analyzes the impact of migrant female domestic workers on the socioeconomic and political context in singapore. although singapore state policy opposes long-term immigration, there is a labor shortage which permits a transient work force of low-skilled foreign workers. in the late 1990s, singapore had over 100,000 foreign maids, of whom 75% were from the philippines, 20% were from indonesia, and the rest were from sri lanka. legislation ensures their short-term migrant status, re ... | 1999 | 12294976 |
| middle east migration and health. | "labour migration to the middle east from sri lanka has been increasing in recent times. such a situation has not only demographic, but economic and social implications.... [the author investigates the] impact on the health situation of the migrant workers as well as on the families that they have left behind...by reviewing [the literature] and by making use of the author's own personal experiences as a physician in the middle east." | 1998 | 12294272 |
| emerging population issues among adolescents and youth. | the authors "examine the emerging population issues of adolescents and youth [in sri lanka]. the demographic pressures have resulted in the expansion of the numbers in this age category which in turn has caused problems of employment creation. the educational expansion has brought about changes in the age at marriage and life styles, which in turn has created the need for greater attention on reproductive health issues among adolescents and youth." | 1998 | 12294270 |
| gender and the environment. women's time use as a measure of environmental change. | these case studies pertain to marginal dry land rural areas in developing countries. the evidence suggests that women have shorter rest periods, greater intensity and fragmentation of work, and greater use of multiple simultaneous occupations than men. macroeconomic policies have increased the work burden for women and for the poorest populations and have contributed to environmental deterioration. this paper focuses on women's use of time as a factor in explaining women's changing gender ro ... | 1995 | 12291370 |
| regulations establishing a commission for the elimination of discrimination and the monitoring of fundamental rights, 1986. | under these sri lanka regulations, any person claiming to be a victim of discrimination on the ground of race, religion, language, caste, sex, political opinion, or place of birth is authorized to make a complaint to the director of the commission. the director is to try to settle the complaint. if the director is unable to do this, the commission is to make an inquiry into the complaint. in addition, in 1983, the government of sri lanka established a national ministry of women's affairs and ... | 1988 | 12289260 |
| programme's research on determinants of abortion has impact on policy. | induced abortion remains a relatively uncharted research topic in medical demography, social science, and to a lesser extent, in epidemiology. up to 20% of the 500,000 maternal deaths which occur annually throughout the world, however, may be a consequence of complications of unsafe abortion procedures. the undp/unfpa/who/world bank special program of research, development, and research training in human reproduction started a number of studies in 1989 in developing countries on the determinan ... | 1994 | 12287984 |
| [water and environment in the southwest of madagascar]. | the dry and arid southwest region of madagascar is not a desert but resembles the sahel region of west africa. the chronic water deficit is aggravated by the heat and constant winds that accelerate evapotranspiration on the permeable soils. the dryness occurs because the southwest region lies outside the main pluviogenic systems. erosion occurs at all seasons. in the winter the sun and winds are the main causes, while the rare storms are more conducive to run-off and to erosion than to absor ... | 1993 | 12286688 |
| puppets on a string: women's wage work and empowerment among female tea plantation workers of sri lanka. | access to resources and control of ones' income are key features of women's empowerment. the current development strategy is to create opportunities for poor women in developing countries. because access to income alone does not ensure empowerment, this study examines sociopolitical factors among the indian tamil female tea plantation workers in sri lanka that impact women's ability to control their own income. 95% of the female indian tamil plantation work force is devoted to the tea industr ... | 1993 | 12286574 |
| [resistances and initiatives in madagascar]. | despite madagascar's recognition of the importance of population education in changing fertility attitudes and behaviors as a step toward achieving development, population education in the country faces cultural, political and institutional resistance typical of africa. culturally, population education is offered in the context of a traditional educational system with a populationist ideology that favors uncontrolled fertility. taboos concerning sexuality inhibit discussion of family planning. ... | 1993 | 12286389 |
| ethical issues in community health care. | health care professionals are expected to base their practice on a set of ethical principles, including truthfulness, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and confidentiality. dilemmas can arise, however, when a medical professional is called upon to act in opposition to personal values or in cases where the values of patient, health care worker, and sponsoring institution conflict. the author outlines several of the ethical dilemmas that have arisen in community medicine in sri lanka. since ... | 1992 | 12285736 |
| forests vanish as population expands. | madagascar's forests have been reduced to a narrowing strip along the eastern escarpment. of the original forest cover of 11.2 million hectares, only 7.6 million remained in 1950. today this has been halved to 3.8 million hectares--which means the habitat for the island's unique wildlife has been halved, in just 40 years. every year some 3% of the remaining forest is cleared, almost all of that to provide land for populations expanding at 3.2% a year. the story of 1 village, ambodiaviavy, ne ... | 1992 | 12285236 |
| population pressure on coral atolls: trends and approaching limits. | trends and approaching limits of population pressure on coral atolls is discussed by examining the atoll environment in terms of the physical geography, the production systems, and resource distribution. atoll populations are grouped as dependent and independent, and demographic trends in population growth, migraiton, urbanization, and political dependency are reviewed. examination of the carrying capacity includes a dynamic model, the influences of the west, and philopsophical considerations. ... | 1990 | 12284705 |
| international contract migration and the reintegration of return migrants: the experience of sri lanka. | "this article attempts to shed light on the issue of how far the labor exporting countries can monitor the process of reinsertion of return migrants in the domestic economy, with a view to maximizing net gains from international labor migration, drawing upon the experience of sri lanka. it begins with an examination of the socioeconomic characteristics of migrant workers with special emphasis on their post-migration activity status and the pattern of remittance utilization. then it proceeds to ... | 1990 | 12283037 |
| recruitment of labor migrants for the middle east: the sri lankan case. | "this article deals with the social, economic and demographic aspects of labor migration from sri lanka to the middle east. the findings are based on a survey covering 891 return migrants and 866 family members of current migrants, as well as a total of 407 nonmigrants who were interviewed as a control group. although the elasticity of the demand for female domestic personnel is much smaller than that for male migrants, it was found that recruitment for female labor migrants has increased cons ... | 1990 | 12283036 |
| survey reveals sexual myths and taboos prevail among sri lankan youth. | a survey conducted by the family planning association of sri lanka in 1986-87 revealed that sexual myths and taboos--not solid information about human physiology and development--dominate young people's knowledge of reproductive health. the survey, which covered 1233 unmarried men and 1233 unmarried women 16-24 years of age, found that the majority of sri lankan youth had misconceptions and fears about normal processes such as menstruation, nocturnal emissions, and masturbation. sex education ... | 1989 | 12281988 |
| escape route to dependency? female migration from sri lanka to the middle east. | this article looks at labor migration with the sex component turned upside down, where the woman leaves hearth and home in search of work in distant lands. the sending country is sri lanka, and the women migrate as maids to arab households in the gulf area. labor migration must be understood in the context of the economic and social development that has made migration possible, or rather pushed it forward. today, the export of labor is the 2nd biggest source of foreign earnings for sri lanka, ... | 1987 | 12280696 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of thirty-six plants from la réunion island. | methanol extracts of 36 medicinal plants from la réunion island were evaluated against two viruses: herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) and poliovirus type 2 (pv). five of them showed an effect against hsv-1 and five against pv, senecio ambavilla being inhibitor for both viruses. | 2002 | 12234582 |
| [ordinance no. 91-240 of 25 february 1991 relating to the labor code applicable to the territory of mayotte]. | this law sets forth the labor code for the french territory of mayotte. the code contains the following provisions relating to sex discrimination, maternity leave, night work, and the employment of foreigners: a) employers are prohibited from discriminating against women who are pregnant; b) women are entitled to fully paid maternity leave of 14 weeks, 8 weeks before and 6 weeks after giving birth; c) the employer and the government will each pay for half of the worker's salary during this leav ... | 1991 | 12222398 |
| infectious disease surveillance update. | 2002 | 12206964 | |
| two new triterpene esters from the twigs of brachylaena ramiflora from the madagascar rainforest. | bioassay-guided fractionation of a ch(2)cl(2)/meoh extract of the small twigs of brachylaena ramiflora var. ramiflora resulted in the isolation of the two new triterpene esters 1 and 2 and five known triterpenoids, alpha-amyrin palmitate (3), beta-amyrin palmitate (4), beta-amyrin acetate (5), lupeyl acetate (6), and lupeol (7). the structures of the two new compounds were established as kairatenyl palmitate (1) and hopenyl palmitate (2) on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopic data interpret ... | 2002 | 12193040 |
| women's labor in bangladesh and sri lanka: the trade-off with technology. | this article assesses the impact of technological changes on women's employment in bangladesh and sri lanka. the findings of the research initiated by un university institute for new technologies were used to determine how globalization and technological change alter women's role in the society and the economy in two comparable yet contrasting economies. in bangladesh and sri lanka, the manufacturing and service sectors have grown as a result of the globalization strategies of the two governme ... | 1999 | 12179942 |
| early return of sri lankan migrants in the middle east. | the author examines early return migration patterns of labor migrants from sri lanka in the middle east. "attention [is given] to the reasons why a considerable number of migrants return to their country of origin prematurely.... differentials in the duration of stay in the host country, as well as some of the consequences of early return migration for the migrant and his family [are discussed].... the data used for this article are based primarily on a random survey held among 899 return migra ... | 1988 | 12159597 |
| giving adolescent reproductive health and population issues a world view. sri lanka. | this article reports on the production of 52 video programs addressing reproductive and sexual health and reproductive rights issues by the colombo-based worldview international foundation. the un population fund (unfpa) and relevant ngos and institutions chose the themes. following the production, the video programs will be broadcast through young asia television, which covers 18 countries in asia and reaches over 385 million viewers, and other channels. this advocacy program is under the tel ... | 1999 | 12158250 |
| a people's movement for self-reliance in sri lanka. | this paper describes the development and activities of the sarvodaya movement, a grass-roots mutual-aid movement based on traditional buddhist social values. started by high school students and teachers in 1947 as a community-service organization the movement is open to all individuals and has attracted thousands of volunteers in 1200 villages. sarvodaya shramadana emphasizes improvement in the standard of living through the development of local resources by the community itself, strengthening ... | 1977 | 12146244 |
| evidence for a mitochondrial lineage originating from the arabian peninsula in the madagascar house mouse (mus musculus). | various subspecies of the house mouse (mus musculus sensu lato) are known to have contributed to its worldwide expansion. however, the origin of mice on some larger islands such as madagascar has remained unknown, with several sources being possible. in order to classify the malagasy house mouse, individuals were trapped in 13 different localities distributed throughout the island. for 33 individuals the control region (d-loop) of the mitochondrial dna was partially sequenced and 21 males were t ... | 2002 | 12136419 |
| serotyping and rapd profiles of salmonella enterica isolates from mauritius. | the genus salmonella is a common agent of gastroenteritis in mauritius, generating more cases of the disease during summer than during winter. the aims of this study were to assess the genetic diversity of isolates of salmonella enterica by rapd fingerprinting, and to establish the relationship between human and chicken isolates. | 2002 | 12100591 |
| characterization of sri lanka rabies virus isolates using nucleotide sequence analysis of nucleoprotein gene. | thirty-four suspected rabid brain samples from 2 humans, 24 dogs, 4 cats, 2 mongooses, i jackal and i water buffalo were collected in 1995-1996 in sri lanka. total rna was extracted directly from brain suspensions and examined using a one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the rabies virus nucleoprotein (n) gene. twenty-eight samples were found positive for the virus n gene by rt-pcr and also for the virus antigens by fluorescent antibody (fa) test. rabies virus is ... | 2001 | 12083333 |
| coral gardener of the maldives. | abdul azeez abdul hakeem is a man with a vision. he is 53 years old, with a degree in agronomy and an idea, if not an obsession: to nurse and propagate corals on a large scale. his motive, however, is not to provide for the international marine aquarium trade but as a safeguard for the livelihood of his country, the maldives. | 2002 | 11932501 |
| microbial and nutrient pollution of coastal bathing waters in mauritius. | the coastal pollution problem in mauritius is exacerbated by the hydrogeology of the volcanic substratum. bacterial contamination of bathing waters and nutrients, water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (do) were monitored at three different spatial and temporal scales along the coastline of mauritius during 1997-1998. standard techniques for water sample collection and analysis set by the american public health association [apha. standard methods for the examination of water and waste ... | 2002 | 11868664 |
| eupha-7,9(11),24-trien-3beta-ol ("antiquol c") and other triterpenes from euphorbia antiquorum latex and their inhibitory effects on epstein-barr virus activation. | the structures of three triterpene alcohols isolated from the latex of euphorbia antiquorum were established to be eupha-7,9(11),24-trien-3beta-ol (2; antiquol c), 19(10-->9)abeo-8alpha,9beta,10alpha-eupha-5,24-dien-3beta-ol (3; antiquol b), and 24-methyltirucalla-8,24(24(1))-dien-3beta-ol (4; euphorbol) on the basis of spectroscopic methods. compounds 3 and 4 have previously been assigned the erroneous structures of 10alpha-cucurbita-5,24-dien-3alpha-ol and 24-methyleupha-8,24(24(1))-dien-3beta ... | 2002 | 11858748 |
| candida africana sp. nov., a new human pathogen or a variant of candida albicans? | atypical candida strains were isolated from patients in madagascar, angola and germany. these isolates were slow growing and were unable to produce chlamydospores. they had atypical carbohydrate assimilation profiles. all strains were unable to assimilate the amino sugars n-acteylglucosamine and glucosamine as well as the disaccharide trehalose and the organic acid dl-lactate. they were germ-tube-positive in serum, but only some of these organisms produced pseudohyphae after a long incubation. a ... | 2001 | 11820255 |
| a new triterpene saponin from pittosporum viridiflorum from the madagascar rainforest. | a novel triterpenoid saponin, pittoviridoside (1), which possesses an unusual 2,3,4-trisubstituted glycosidic linkage, has been isolated from pittosporum viridiflorum using the engineered yeast strains 1138, 1140, 1353, and sc-7 for bioactivity-guided fractionation. the structure of this compound was determined to be 3-o-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)]-[alpha-d-arabinopyranosyl(1-->3)],[alpha-l-arabinofuranosyl(1-->4)-beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl-21-angeloyl-22-senecioylolean-12-en-3beta,15alpha,16a ... | 2002 | 11809069 |
| [the campaign against malaria in central western madagascar: comparison of the efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin and ddt house spraying. i--entomological study]. | for malaria vector control in madagascar, the efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin 10% wettable powder (icon 10 wp) was compared with ddt 75% wp for house-spraying. this evaluation was conducted from november 1997 to september 1998 in highland villages of vakinankaratra region, at the fringe of the malaria epidemic zone, outside the zone covered by routine ddt house-spraying (opération de pulvérisation intro-domiciliaire de ddt: opid zone). treatments were compared by house-spraying in four areas: 1) ... | 2001 | 11802266 |
| [epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis in middle west of madagascar]. | we conducted a 5-year (1989-1993) retrospective analysis on a series of patients screened and treated for tuberculosis in order to determine the epidemiological aspects of the disease in mid-western madagascar. pulmonary forms affected 97% of patients, and predominantly men (sex ratio: 1.4); 83% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were coughing up acido-alcoholo-resitant bacilli. haemoptysis and general deterioration, the most frequently met pathological signs, were observed respectively in ... | 2000 | 11775320 |
| modulation of the multidrug-resistance phenotype by new tropane alkaloid aromatic esters from erythroxylum pervillei. | nine tropane alkaloid aromatic esters (1-9) were isolated from the roots of erythroxylum pervillei by following their potential to reverse multidrug-resistance with vinblastine-resistant oral epidermoid carcinoma (kb-v1) cells. all isolates, including seven new structures (3-9), were evaluated against a panel of human cancer cell lines, and it was found that alkaloids 3 and 5-9 showed the greatest activity with kb-v1 cells assessed in the presence of vinblastine, suggesting that these new compou ... | 2001 | 11754602 |
| a genome-wide scan for coronary heart disease suggests in indo-mauritians a susceptibility locus on chromosome 16p13 and replicates linkage with the metabolic syndrome on 3q27. | prevalence of coronary heart disease (chd), of type 2 diabetes (t2dm) and of the metabolic syndrome are in mauritius amongst the highest in the world. as t2dm and chd are closely associated and have both a polygenic basis, we conducted a 10 cm genome scan with 403 microsatellite markers in 99 independent families of north-eastern indian origin including 535 individuals. families were ascertained through a proband with chd before 52 years of age and additional sibs with myocardial infarction (mi) ... | 2001 | 11734540 |
| population genetic structure and competence as a vector for dengue type 2 virus of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus from madagascar. | starch gel electrophoresis was used to assess the polymorphism of 7 isoenzymes in single mosquitoes (field-collected f0 or f1 generation) for aedes albopictus (8 strains) from northern madagascar. mosquitoes of the f2 generation (3 strains of aedes aegypti and 10 strains of ae. albopictus) were tested for oral susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus. aedes aegypti was less susceptible to viral infection than ae. albopictus. the genetic differentiation was less high between ae. albopictus populatio ... | 2001 | 11716103 |
| sri lanka medical association adopts declaration on health. | 1998 | 11658042 | |
| health in the huxleyan tropical island of pala. | huxley's island: a novel (1962) is a parable on "realistic idealism"--set in an imaginary island situated in the indian ocean between sri lanka and sumatra, called pala. the characters in the story include a doctor, a nurse and several patients. the general importance of health as a basic human need is well recognised. vis medicatrix naturae, the natural healing powers of the body, are taken account of, along with psychotherapy and drugs. prevention of illness is emphasised and doctors get paid ... | 2001 | 11570002 |
| the natural history of periodontal disease in man. risk factors for progression of attachment loss in individuals receiving no oral health care. | few investigations have reported on risk factors for periodontal attachment loss over time in subjects with no home or professional dental care. the purpose of this report was to identify potential risk factors for progression of periodontal attachment loss among male sri lankan tea laborers who participated in a 20-year investigation of the natural history of periodontal disease. | 2001 | 11525431 |
| [resurgence of the plague in the ikongo district of madagascar in 1998. 1. epidemiological aspects in the human population]. | between the 20th october and the 18th november 1998, an outbreak of bubonic plague was declared in a hamlet in the ikongo district of madagascar. we conducted an epidemiological survey because of the re-emergence of the disease in this area (the last cases had been notified in 1965) and because of the low altitude compared to the classical malagasy foci. the outbreak had been preceded by an important rat epizootics during september. a total of 21 cases were registered with an attack rate of 16.7 ... | 2001 | 11475028 |
| female genital schistosomiasis: facts and hypotheses. | in this paper we summarise the parasitological, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of female genital schistosomiasis (fgs), a frequent manifestation of the infection with schistosoma haematobium. means to diagnose and treat lesions in the lower and upper genital tract are discussed. based on clinical findings and available pathophysiological as well as immunological data it is conceivable that fgs of the cervix and vagina not only facilitates the infection with agents of sexually trans ... | 2001 | 11412803 |
| mutation analysis of a mauritian hereditary breast cancer family reveals the brca2 6503deitt mutation previously found to recur in different ethnic populations. | mauritius, a small island some 855 km off the east coast of madagascar, has a multiethnic population of about 1.2 million with a high population density of about 611 per km(2). the recent industrialization of the island seems to have been accompanied, in less than 10 years, by an increase of at least 30% in breast cancer incidence. we have detected the brca2 6503deltt mutation in two sisters of the same family of indian origin but living in mauritius for at least five generations. this mutation ... | 2001 | 11359068 |
| zoophily of anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae in madagascar demonstrated by odour-baited entry traps. | in madagascar we used odour-baited entry traps (obets) for host choice tests of wild female anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) at representative localities on the east and west sides of the island (villages fenoarivo and tsararano, respectively) and at the southern margin of the central plateau (zazafotsy village, 800 m altitude). no insecticide house-spraying operations have been undertaken at these villages. odours from a man and a calf of similar mass, concealed in different tents, we ... | 2001 | 11297101 |
| [drug resistance of plasmodium falciparum in coastal regions of madagascar]. | chloroquine is still the drug of choice for first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria in madagascar. however development and spread of chloroquine-resistance could compromise this therapeutic strategy in the future. the purpose of this 1997 study was to compare the efficacy of combined treatment using sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine and single-agent treatment using chloroquine for management of uncomplicated malaria. study data were collected at four sites in coastal areas of madagascar where ... | 2000 | 11258056 |
| human sperm motility stimulating activity of a sulfono glycolipid isolated from sri lankan marine red alga gelidiella acerosa. | to evaluate the sperm motility stimulating activity of a sulfono glycolipid (s-act-1) isolated from gelidiella acerosa, a sri lankan marine red algae. | 2001 | 11250790 |
| serodiagnosis of human plague by an anti-f1 capsular antigen specific igg/igm elisa and immunoblot. | plague is a re-emerging disease endemic in at least 24 countries. non-endemic countries should be able to confirm plague to prevent outbreaks due to imported cases. we established a combination of a igg/igm screening elisa and a confirmation immunoblot employing f1 capsular antigen (ca) for the serodiagnosis of plague in countries where yersiniosis is present. the elisa and the immunoblot assay showed a specificity of 96.1% and 100% among sera from healthy german blood donors. this group had a s ... | 2000 | 11218210 |
| selenium and iodine in soil, rice and drinking water in relation to endemic goitre in sri lanka. | endemic goitre has been reported in the climatic wet zone of south-west sri lanka for the past 50 years, but rarely occurs in the northern dry zone. despite government-sponsored iodised salt programmes, endemic goitre is still prevalent. in recent years, it has been suggested that se deficiency may be an important factor in the onset of goitre and other iodine deficiency disorders (idd). prior to the present study, environmental concentrations of se in sri lanka and the possible relationships be ... | 2000 | 11194147 |
| isoenzymes of human lice: pediculus humanus and p. capitis. | human lice (phthiraptera: pediculidae) from africa, america and europe were electrophoresed for 28 enzymes, with special interest in metabolic factors likely to be involved with insecticide resistance. zymogram profiles of the body louse (pediculus humanus l. from france and u.s.a.) and the head louse (p. capitis degeer from france, madagascar, mali & senegal) were compared. only esterase two enzymes, phosphoglucomutase (pgm) and 3 (est-3), showed electrophoretic variation. in our starch gel ele ... | 2000 | 11129706 |
| ciguatera: recent advances but the risk remains. | ciguatera is an important form of human poisoning caused by the consumption of seafood. the disease is characterised by gastrointestinal, neurological and cardiovascular disturbances. in cases of severe toxicity, paralysis, coma and death may occur. there is no immunity, and the toxins are cumulative. symptoms may persist for months or years, or recur periodically. the epidemiology of ciguatera is complex and of central importance to the management and future use of marine resources. ciguatera i ... | 2000 | 11078162 |
| association between prenatal exposure to methylmercury and cognitive functioning in seychellois children: a reanalysis of the mccarthy scales of children's ability from the main cohort study. | methylmercury (mehg) is a neurotoxicant whose high-dose effects first became known following a number of poisoning outbreaks that occurred worldwide. the primary human exposure is low dosage from fish consumption. studies of fish-eating populations have not found a consistent pattern of association between exposures and outcomes. therefore, examining specific areas of cognitive functioning has been suggested as an important approach to determine whether more subtle effects of mehg exposure are p ... | 2000 | 11068921 |
| say 'no' to shackling prisoners in hospital. | 2000 | 11051710 | |
| quantifying genetic and nongenetic contributions to malarial infection in a sri lankan population. | explaining the causes of variation in the severity of malarial disease remains a major challenge in the treatment and control of malaria. many factors are known to contribute to this variation, including parasite genetics, host genetics, acquired immunity, and exposure levels. however, the relative importance of each of these to the overall burden of malarial disease in human populations has not been assessed. here, we have partitioned variation in the incidence of malarial infection and the cli ... | 2000 | 11035799 |
| suicide: a socratic revenge. | 2400 years have passed since the occurrence in athens, greece of one of the famous suicides recorded in human history. this autobiographical essay provides a montage on the history of suicide, with snippets from the final hours of socrates, as described by plato. suicide in contemporary japanese culture is also explored briefly, with reference to the deaths of internationally acclaimed movie directors akira kurosawa and juzo itami. the author also questions why no researcher has yet been honoure ... | 2000 | 11006616 |
| secondary analysis from the seychelles child development study: the child behavior checklist. | human exposure to methylmercury (mehg), a known neurotoxin, is primarily from fish consumption. as part of a large study examining the association between mehg exposure and child development in a population with high fish consumption we examined school-age behavior using the achenbach child behavior checklist (cbcl). the cbcl total t score was a primary endpoint and was reported earlier to show no adverse association with prenatal or postnatal mehg exposure. in this study we analyzed the t score ... | 2000 | 10991778 |
| safe motherhood in sri lanka: a 100-year march. | the present safe motherhood status in sri lanka has been achieved by a series of activities for health and social development during the past century. while ancient and traditional religious, as well as cultural concepts provided a sound foundation, it was the policies that focused on human development that resulted in reducing the maternal mortality rate to 2.4 per 10000 live births, and the infant mortality rate to 16.5 per (1000) live births. maternal and child health (mch) services were init ... | 2000 | 10884540 |
| successful contracting of prevention services: fighting malnutrition in senegal and madagascar. | there are very few documented large-scale successes in nutrition in africa, and virtually no consideration of contracting for preventive services. this paper describes two successful large-scale community nutrition projects in africa as examples of what can be done in prevention using the contracting approach in rural as well as urban areas. the two case-studies are the secaline project in madagascar, and the community nutrition project in senegal. the article explains what is meant by 'success' ... | 1999 | 10787654 |
| seroepidemiology of human plague in the madagascar highlands. | we conducted a seroepidemiological survey of human plague in the general population using random sampling in the area of ambositra, the main focus of plague in the central highlands of madagascar (520 confirmed and presumptive cases notified during the past 10 years). sera were tested using an elisa igg f1 assay. considering the internal validity of the assay and the sampling method, the overall corrected prevalence of f1 antibodies was 0.6% (95% ci: 0.2%-1.8%). being nearly 0 up to the age of 4 ... | 2000 | 10747268 |
| recovery of a species of brugia, probably b. ceylonensis, from the conjunctiva of a patient in sri lanka. | a species of brugia, probably b. ceylonensis, was recovered from the conjunctiva of a patient in sri lanka for the first time. this infection represents only the second record of brugia in the human conjunctiva, and is clearly zoonotic, acquired from a dog. brugia ceylonensis has a distinct head bulb like that of wuchereria bancrofti and b. malayi. however, the parasite recovered was not w. bancrofti, as specific ifat and dna probes gave negative results, and b. malayi is believed to have been e ... | 2000 | 10723527 |
| current epidemiology of human plague in madagascar. | from 1996 to 1998, 5,965 patients with suspected plague were identified in 38 districts of madagascar (40% of the total population are exposed). using standard bacteriology, 917 of them were confirmed or presumptive (c + p) cases. however, more than 2,000 plague cases could be estimated using f1 antigen assay. two out of the 711 yersinia pestis isolates tested were resistant to chloramphenicol and to ampicillin (both isolates found in the harbour of mahajanga). urban plague (mahajanga harbour an ... | 2000 | 10717537 |
| study of the dog population and the rabies control activities in the mirigama area of sri lanka. | the national health authorities of sri lanka have adopted a combined strategy of rabies vaccination and stray dog removal to control endemic dog rabies. despite the control efforts, an increase of animal and human rabies cases has occurred since 1994. as a consequence, a project to evaluate the national rabies control program has been started and a study focussing on the dog population and rabies control activities in a limited area of mirigama was conducted. information on canine abundance and ... | 2000 | 10708011 |
| benchmark concentrations for methylmercury obtained from the seychelles child development study. | methylmercury is a neurotoxin at high exposures, and the developing fetus is particularly susceptible. because exposure to methylmercury is primarily through fish, concern has been expressed that the consumption of fish by pregnant women could adversely affect their fetuses. the reference dose for methylmercury established by the u.s. environmental protection agency was based on a benchmark analysis of data from a poisoning episode in iraq in which mothers consumed seed grain treated with methyl ... | 2000 | 10706533 |
| simple latex agglutination assay for rapid serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis. | a newly developed latex agglutination assay for the detection of genus-specific leptospira antibodies in human sera was evaluated. the assay is performed by mixing, on an agglutination card, serum with equal volumes of stabilized antigen-coated, dyed test and control latex beads and is read within 2 min. the latex agglutination test was evaluated with groups of serum samples from patients with leptospirosis and control patients from hawaii, the seychelles, thailand, and the netherlands. the mean ... | 2000 | 10699040 |
| fatty acid composition of white adipose tissue and breast milk of mauritian and french mothers and erythrocyte phospholipids of their full-term breast-fed infants. | the fatty acid compositions of white adipose tissue, colostrum and mature milk triacylglycerols from mauritian (n 13) and french (n 15) women were analysed and compared in order to highlight cultural differences in dietary intakes and their influence on milk fatty acid composition. erythrocyte phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine fatty acid compositions were also investigated in their term infants, breast-fed over a period of 6 weeks. fatty acid composition (g/100 g) of all samples w ... | 1999 | 10655975 |
| human papillomavirus in carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. | 1999 | 10643100 | |
| patterns of alcohol consumption in the seychelles islands (indian ocean). | self-reported drinking habits were examined in a random sample of 1067 persons aged 25-64 years in the seychelles, a country in epidemiological transition where consumption of home-brewed, mostly unregistered beverages has been traditionally high. alcohol consumption was calculated from respondents reporting at least one drink per week ('regular drinkers'). among men, 51.1% were regular drinkers and had average intake of 112.1 ml alcohol a day. among women, 5.9% were regular drinkers and had 49. ... | 1999 | 10528821 |
| multiple host feeding in field populations of anopheles culicifacies and an. subpictus in sri lanka. | a histological technique was used to detect the multiple blood-feeding of female mosquitoes, within the same gonotrophic cycle, in field populations of the malaria vectors anopheles culicifacies and an. subpictus (diptera: culicidae) at a village in the low country of sri lanka, during 1994-96. among 3306 an. culicifacies and 871 an. subpictus engorged females examined, respectively, 34.4% and 30.4% were multiple-fed. in these two species, double meals accounted for 92.7% and 89.5%, and triple m ... | 1999 | 10484158 |
| [epidemiological stratification of malaria in the comoro archipelago]. | in the comoros islands, the level of malarial endemicity varies greatly from one island to the other, even though the total area (4 islands) covers less than 2,300 km2 and has a population of some 600,000 people only. the epidemiological stratification is based on the diversity of human and physical characterisation. they both determine the presence and the behaviour as well as the size of the vector's populations. vectorial dynamics can explain varying levels of endemicity given parasitological ... | 1999 | 10472445 |
| malaria vectors in a traditional dry zone village in sri lanka. | malaria transmission by anopheline mosquitoes was studied in a traditional tank-irrigation-based rice-producing village in the malaria-endemic low country dry zone of northcentral sri lanka during the period august 1994-february 1997. adult mosquitoes were collected from human and bovid bait catches, bovid-baited trap huts, indoor catches, and pit traps. mosquito head-thoraces were tested for the presence of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax, and blood-engorged abdomens for the presence of huma ... | 1999 | 10466971 |
| sri lanka: torture continues. | 1999 | 10437888 | |
| prevalence of mycobacterium bovis in human pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in madagascar. | the prevalence of human tuberculosis (tb) due to mycobacterium bovis was determined in madagascar in 1994-1995. a prevalence of m. bovis of 1.25% was observed among sputum smear-positive patients and 1.3% among extra-pulmonary tb patients. this study was conducted in urban areas and will be extended to rural zones, where the majority of the population lives. | 1999 | 10423227 |
| [anopheles mascarensis (de meillon, 1947): main vector of malaria in the region of fort-dauphin (south-east of madagascar)]. | anopheles funestus and anopheles gambiae s.l. have been considered until now the major vectors of malaria everywhere in madagascar. anopheles mascarensis, a mosquito native to madagascar, has been identified in sainte-marie island as a secondary vector only. in 1997, an entomological study was carried out to identify the malaria vectors in the area of fort-dauphin, south-east of madagascar. every month, mosquitoes were collected from landing catches on human volunteers (from 7:00 am to 5:00 pm i ... | 1999 | 10399606 |
| [intestinal schistosomiasis from schistosoma mansoni in madagascar: extent and center of the endemic]. | schistosoma mansoni and s. haematobium affect respectively 2 million and 500,000 persons in madagascar. over the past decade, s. mansoni has spread in the central highlands of madagascar, essentially throughout the mid-west and antananarivo plain. to understand this recent change in the epidemiology of s. mansoni, we examined the relationship between its spatial distribution and several host factors, including labour migration, urbanization and water development projects. in the highlands, the d ... | 1999 | 10399598 |
| xenotransplantation. ethics and rights: an interaction. | 1998 | 10234438 | |
| multicentric origin of hemochromatosis gene (hfe) mutations. | genetic hemochromatosis (gh) is believed to be a disease restricted to those of european ancestry. in northwestern europe, >80% of gh patients are homozygous for one mutation, the substitution of tyrosine for cysteine at position 282 (c282y) in the unprocessed protein. in a proportion of gh patients, two mutations are present, c282y and h63d. the clinical significance of this second mutation is such that it appears to predispose 1%-2% of compound heterozygotes to expression of the disease. the d ... | 1999 | 10090890 |
| serologic evidence for an epizootic dengue virus infecting toque macaques (macaca sinica) at polonnaruwa, sri lanka. | dengue is one of the most rapidly emerging diseases in the tropics. humans are the principal reservoir of dengue viruses. it is unclear if nonhuman primates also serve as a reservoir of human dengue viruses under certain conditions. in this study, a cross-sectional serologic survey was carried out to characterize the pattern of transmission of a recently identified dengue virus among toque macaques in sri lanka. the results indicated that an epizootic dengue virus was active among the macaques. ... | 1999 | 10072155 |
| control strategies for human intestinal nematode infections. | in recent years significant progress has been made in understanding the ecology, epidemiology and related morbidity and development of new tools for the control of soil-transmitted helminths. such knowledge has recognized the impact of helminth infections on the health of infected groups and has created a rational basis for their control. schoolchildren harbour some of the most intense helminthic infections, which produce adverse effects on health, growth and scholastic performance. however, alt ... | 1999 | 10050275 |
| human leptospirosis in the seychelles (indian ocean): a population-based study. | a leptospirosis surveillance program was carried out for 12 months on the entire population of the seychelles. diagnosis was assessed by both microagglutination test and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. in this population of 74,331, leptospirosis was clinically suspected in 125 subjects and confirmed in 75 patients (incidence of 101 per 100,000; 95% confidence interval = 79-126). leptospirosis was more frequent in middle-aged males with environmental exposure. eight serogroups were identif ... | 1998 | 9886203 |
| antineoplastic agents. 397: isolation and structure of sesterstatins 4 and 5 from hyrtios erecta (the republic of maldives). | the wide ranging marine sponge hyrtios erecta is the source of the spongistatins, a new class of macrocyclic lactone antineoplastic agents. continuation of a detailed investigation of cancer cell growth inhibitory (p388 lymphocytic leukemia) fractions (trace) from h. erecta has revealed the presence (10(-5) to 10(-7)% yield) of cytotoxic pentacyclic sesterterpenes. employing p388 leukemia and human tumor cell line-guided bioassay techniques, two new moderate inhibitors of cancer cells were isola ... | 1998 | 9873492 |
| [update on plague in madagascar]. | after a thirty year period of successful control, bubonic plague showed the first signs of return in madagascar where a fatal outbreak occurred in antananarivo in 1978. a second outbreak was observed in mahajanga in 1991 after more than a half century. in 1997, 459 confirmed or presumptive cases were reported, as compared to 150 to 250 cases during the last years. however the actual extent of this recrudescence must be placed in the perspective of a more efficient control program that has led to ... | 1998 | 9812306 |
| human dirofilariasis caused by dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens in sri lanka. | human dirofilariasis due to dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens is a common zoonotic infection in sri lanka. todate 70 cases are on record, and they include 3 expatriates from russia, england and korea, who were undoubtedly infected in sri lanka. around 30-60% of dogs are infected with d. repens in various parts of the country and the mosquito vectors are aedes aegypti, armigeres subalbatus, mansonia uniformis and m. annulifera. unlike in other countries of the old world infection is most common in ... | 1997 | 9802095 |
| point mutations and deletion responsible for the bombay h null and the reunion h weak blood groups. | definition of the molecular basis of the reunion and the bombay red cell and salivary h-deficient phenotypes. | 1998 | 9745152 |
| effects of prenatal and postnatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption on neurodevelopment: outcomes at 66 months of age in the seychelles child development study. | human neurodevelopmental consequences of exposure to methyl-mercury (mehg) from eating fish remain a question of public health concern. | 1998 | 9728641 |
| characteristics of mutations in the p53 gene of oral squamous-cell carcinomas associated with betel-quid chewing in sri lanka. | oral squamous-cell carcinoma (scc) is the most common neoplasm in sri lanka, accounting for approximately 30% of all cancers in males. epidemiologic evidence indicates that there is an unequivocal relationship between betel chewing and oral carcinogenesis, suggesting that there may be specific genetic targets of betel-quid ingredients. the p53 gene has been indicated to be a tumor-suppressor gene that is found in mutated form in common human cancers; however, there are few reports about "carcino ... | 1998 | 9714051 |
| hiv infection and aids. | this article reports on the hiv/aids situation in sri lanka. by the end of 1997 a total of 240 hiv cases had been detected in the country; 32 of them were foreigners. it was estimated that there are still 6000-8000 persons with undetected infections. of the 77 known patients with aids, 61 have died. among patients with hiv infection attending clinics for sexually transmitted disease (std), about 65% are heterosexuals, 7% male homosexuals, and 6.5% male bisexuals. in most of the cases, the m ... | 1998 | 9707708 |
| a young man with widespread arterial occlusions and stroke. | 1998 | 9704560 | |
| iodine content of commercially available iodised salt in the sri lankan market. | to find out whether iodised edible salt available for sale to the public is iodised, iodination is within the sri lanka standards institute (slsi) specifications and the labelling is accurate. | 1998 | 9704547 |
| microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti and man landing periodicity of the vector culex quinquefasciatus say in matara, sri lanka. | to compare the microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti, with the man landing periodicity of the vector culex quinquefasciatus in matara, sri lanka. | 1998 | 9704546 |
| monophyletic origin of alu elements in primates. | to get insight into the early evolution of the primate alu elements, we characterized sequences of these repeats from the malagasy prosimians, lemurs (lemuridae) and sifakas (indriidae), as well as from galagos (lorisidae). these sequences were compared with the oldest alu species known from the human genome: dimeric alu j and s and free alu monomers. our analysis indicates that about 60 myr ago, before the prosimian divergence, free left and right monomers formed an alu heterodimer connected by ... | 1998 | 9694666 |
| evolution of malaria in africa for the past 40 years: impact of climatic and human factors. | different malarial situations in africa within the past 40 years are discussed in order to evaluate the impact of climatic and human factors on the disease. north of the equator, more droughts and lower rainfall have been recorded since 1972; and in eastern and southern africa, there have been alternating dry and wet periods in relation to el niño. since 1955, the increase in human population from 125 to 450 million has resulted in both expansion of land cultivation and urbanization. in stable m ... | 1998 | 9673911 |
| maternal exposure to influenza in pregnancy and electrodermal activity in offspring: a further study from mauritius. | this study examined the effect of mothers' exposure to the 1957 a2/singapore influenza virus in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy on the electrodermal activity of their 15-year-old offspring. the epidemic occurred during cold months of the year. the results show that maternal viral (and cold) exposure during all trimesters of pregnancy produced a lower frequency of nonspecific electrodermal responses and diminished responsivity to 75-db and 90-db tones as compared with the off ... | 1998 | 9643058 |
| organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. | organophosphorus insecticides (opi) are the commonest cause of poisoning in sri lanka. being inhibitors of esterases, opi cause an acute cholinergic crisis as the initial phase of neurotoxicity. the intermediate syndrome (ims) which develops 24 to 96 hours after poisoning, and the delayed polyneuropathy (opidp) which manifests several weeks later, suggest a triphasic effect of op intoxication. opi may also cause extrapyramidal manifestations. chronic neurobehavioural effects of longterm exposure ... | 1998 | 9624840 |
| epidemiology of end-stage renal failure in reunion island (results from the registry of the indian ocean society of nephrology). | end-stage renal disease (esrd) on long-term dialysis is a substantial problem in reunion because of the high incidence and prevalence of this disease due to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm) and systemic arterial hypertension. | 1998 | 9623542 |
| a variant of plasmodium ovale; analysis of its 18s ribosomal rna gene sequence. | we report here a new variant of human malaria parasite found by comparison of diagnostic results obtained from a new dna diagnostic method named microtiter plate-hybridization (mph) and traditional microscopic method. total five cases of malaria were diagnosed as microscopy-positive but mph-negative; one case was found in epidemiological research in vietnam and four cases were obtained from imported malaria in japan. although they were quite similar to typical p. ovale morphologically in microsc ... | 1997 | 9586115 |
| [human diseases transmitted by culicidae in southwest indian ocean islands]. | south-west indian ocean islands were inhabited at the beginning and free from all kind of vector. in madagascar, mayotte, moheli and anjouan, malaria vectors were carried by the first settlements. according to epidemics, the anopheles arrived in 1867 in mauritius, 1869 in la reunion and 1920 in grande comore. rodrigues, saint-brandon and the seychelles are still free from malaria vectors in the coastal part of madagascarcar and in comores archipelago, malaria is stable with a permanent transmiss ... | 1998 | 9559180 |
| [epidemiologic study of the main human intestinal nematodes in the middle west of madagascar]. | an epidemiological study of human intestinal helminthiasis was conducted during july and august 1995, in the middle west of madagascar, with 4571 adults and children ranging from six months to 90 years, in 61 communities between betafo and miandrivazo. faecal examination utilising the mif concentration method revealed that ascariasis was the dominant nematodosis in the middle west with high prevalences in the high-altitude communities. ascaris lumbricoides prevalences increase among children and ... | 1998 | 9559170 |