Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| monitoring human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in hcmv-seropositive orthotopic liver-transplant recipients by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. | human cytomegalovirus can be reactivated after orthotopic liver transplantation in patients who are seropositive for cytomegalovirus. whether those cytomegalovirus-seropositive patients require immediate posttransplant (anti)- cytomegalovirus prophylactic therapy or preemptive treatment as opposed to deferred treatment remains controversial. the aims of our study were to evaluate the relevance of cytomegalovirus monitoring with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in whole blood and ... | 2006 | 17238855 |
| the carboxy-terminal domain of glycoprotein n of human cytomegalovirus is required for virion morphogenesis. | glycoproteins m and n (gm and gn, respectively) are among the few proteins that are conserved across the herpesvirus family. the function of the complex is largely unknown. whereas deletion from most alphaherpesviruses has marginal effects on the replication of the respective viruses, both proteins are essential for replication of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). we have constructed a series of mutants in gn to study the function of this protein. gn of hcmv is a type i glycoprotein containing a sho ... | 2007 | 17229708 |
| effect of serum and ctl on focal growth of human cytomegalovirus. | in immunocompromised patients only cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctl) but not antiviral antibodies appear to be efficient in control of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. this is contrasted by the well-documented neutralising activity of patient sera against standard hcmv strains. | 2007 | 17204454 |
| high-frequency epigenetic repression and silencing of retroviruses can be antagonized by histone deacetylase inhibitors and transcriptional activators, but uniform reactivation in cell clones is restricted by additional mechanisms. | integrated retroviral dna is subject to epigenetic gene silencing, but the viral and host cell properties that influence initiation, maintenance, and reactivation are not fully understood. here we describe rapid and high-frequency epigenetic repression and silencing of integrated avian sarcoma virus (asv)-based vector dnas in human hela cells. initial studies utilized a vector carrying the strong human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate-early (ie) promoter to drive expression of a green fluorescen ... | 2007 | 17202206 |
| increased expression of p53 enhances transcription-coupled repair and global genomic repair of a uvc-damaged reporter gene in human cells. | ultraviolet (uv) light-induced dna damage is repaired by nucleotide excision repair, which is divided into two sub-pathways: global genome repair (ggr) and transcription-coupled repair (tcr). while it is well established that the ggr pathway is dependent on the p53 tumour suppressor protein in human cells, both p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways have been reported for tcr. in the present work, we investigated the role of p53 in both ggr and tcr of a uvc-damaged reporter gene in human fib ... | 2007 | 17196445 |
| [detection of dna human cytomegalovirus of a molecular methods: hybrid capture dna cmv by immunocompromised]. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), a member of the beta-virus herpes family, is a ubiquitous human pathogen. after a primary infection, hcmv establishes life latency. hcmv rarely causes symptomatic disease in an immunocompetent host, however, it is a major cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals and developing fetuses. the hcmv genome consists of 240 kbp of double stranded dna. early diagnosis molecular of cmv infection is important. the objective of this study wa ... | 2006 | 17193858 |
| exploring the bidirectional interactions between human cytomegalovirus and hepatitis c virus replication after liver transplantation. | recurrence of hepatitis c (hcv) post-liver transplantation (lt) is universal and its course is more aggressive than in immunocompetent individuals. human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is a common post-lt infection and has immunomodulatory effects that could adversely affect the outcome of hcv. to date, the effect of hcv replication on the dynamics of cmv have not been investigated. from 2000 to 2004, a cohort of 69 hcv-infected liver transplant recipients and 188 hcv-negative liver transplant ... | 2007 | 17192909 |
| analysis of the structure-activity relationship of four herpesviral ul97 subfamily protein kinases reveals partial but not full functional conservation. | herpesviral protein kinases of the ul97 subfamily are expressed by all known herpesviruses but the degree of functional conservation is unclear. a selection of representative members was investigated by a comparative structural and functional analysis. the coding sequences of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) pul97, rat cmv pr97, epstein-barr virus bglf4, and herpes simplex virus ul13 showed a low degree of amino acid identity. a computational approach employing fold recognition techniques revealed s ... | 2006 | 17125257 |
| expression and function of nkg2d in cd4+ t cells specific for human cytomegalovirus. | the human nkg2d killer lectin-like receptor (klr) is coupled by the dap10 adapter to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3 k) and specifically interacts with different stress-inducible molecules (i.e. mica, micb, ulbp) displayed by some tumour and virus-infected cells. this klr is commonly expressed by human nk cells as well as tcrgammadelta(+) and tcralphabeta(+)cd8(+) t lymphocytes, but it has been also detected in cd4(+) t cells from rheumatoid arthritis and cancer patients. in the present study, we ... | 2006 | 17109473 |
| the amino-conserved domain of human cytomegalovirus ul80a proteins is required for key interactions during early stages of capsid formation and virus production. | assembly of many spherical virus capsids is guided by an internal scaffolding protein or group of proteins that are often cleaved and eliminated in connection with maturation and incorporation of the genome. in cytomegalovirus there are at least two proteins that contribute to this scaffolding function; one is the maturational protease precursor (pul80a), and the other is the assembly protein precursor (pul80.5) encoded by a shorter genetic element within ul80a. yeast gal4 two-hybrid assays esta ... | 2007 | 17079329 |
| the switch from latent to productive infection in epstein-barr virus-infected b cells is associated with sensitization to nk cell killing. | following activation of epstein-barr virus (ebv)-infected b cells from latent to productive (lytic) infection, there is a concomitant reduction in the level of cell surface major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules and an impaired antigen-presenting function that may facilitate evasion from ebv-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t cells. in some other herpesviruses studied, most notably human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), evasion of virus-specific cd8+ effector responses via downregulation of surf ... | 2007 | 17079298 |
| specific short hairpin rna-mediated inhibition of viral dna packaging of human cytomegalovirus. | to clearly demonstrate the role of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) portal protein pul104 rna interference was applied. expressing cell lines were constructed by transduction of shrnas via the infection with retroviral vectors. after infection of these cells with hcmv ad169 the expression of pul104 was reduced up to 80% for shrna s1 and 54% for shrna s2 at late times of infection compared to controls. in addition, the inhibitory effect was corresponding with a decrease in viral mrna and plaque f ... | 2006 | 17056039 |
| detection of human cytomegalovirus dna in 986 women studied for human papillomavirus-associated cervical neoplasia. | the aim of this study was to assess the association of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection with cervical histologic findings and possible interaction with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. | 2003 | 17051067 |
| sel1l, the homologue of yeast hrd3p, is involved in protein dislocation from the mammalian er. | protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) involves recognition of misfolded proteins and dislocation from the er lumen into the cytosol, followed by proteasomal degradation. viruses have co-opted this pathway to destroy proteins that are crucial for host defense. examination of dislocation of class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) heavy chains (hcs) catalyzed by the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immunoevasin us11 uncovered a conserved complex of the mammalian dislocation m ... | 2006 | 17043138 |
| a dna-based vaccine for the prevention of human cytomegalovirus-associated diseases. | multiple lines of evidence indicate that in the transplant population human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection and its associated diseases are controlled by humoral and cellular immune responses similar to those that arise in asymptomatic, healthy individuals during a naturally-acquired infection. the dominant antibody response to hcmv is to the major surface glycoprotein b (gb) and the dominant cellular immune response is to the tegument phosphoprotein (pp65). we propose that an immunotherapeutic ... | 2005 | 17038834 |
| common and specific properties of herpesvirus ul34/ul31 protein family members revealed by protein complementation assay. | the proteins encoded by the ul34 and ul31 genes of herpes simplex virus are conserved among herpesviruses. they form a complex that is essential for the egress of the herpesvirus nucleocapsids from the nucleus. in previous work on the homologous protein complex in murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), we defined their mutual binding domains. here, we started to map binding domains within the ul34/ul31 proteins of alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesviruses and to locate other functional properties. a protein ... | 2006 | 17005637 |
| intracellular trafficking of the hcmv immunoevasin ul16 depends on elements present in both its cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains. | expression of the ul16 glycoprotein leads to down-regulation of nkg2d-ligands from the surface of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-infected cell. the molecular elements responsible for ul16 trafficking and intracellular localization were investigated by preparing various chimeric proteins and mutants, using cd8 as a reporter molecule. a yqrl motif, present in ul16's cytoplasmic tail was functional for internalization, but the presence of the transmembrane domain modified the fate of the molecule ... | 2006 | 16996537 |
| human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection of endothelial cells promotes naive monocyte extravasation and transfer of productive virus to enhance hematogenous dissemination of hcmv. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) pathogenesis is dependent on the hematogenous spread of the virus to host tissue. while data suggest that infected monocytes are required for viral dissemination from the blood to the host organs, infected endothelial cells are also thought to contribute to this key step in viral pathogenesis. we show here that hcmv infection of endothelial cells increased the recruitment and transendothelial migration of monocytes. infection of endothelial cells promoted the increas ... | 2006 | 16987970 |
| comparative sequence analysis of us28 gene of human cytomegalovirus strains isolated from hiv-positive patients. | human cytomegalovirus (hcvm) encodes several g-protein coupled receptors, such as us28 protein. we determined the us28 gene sequence from clinical isolates obtained from 17 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with hcmv infection. two types of clinical specimens were collected: peripheral blood leucocytes (pbls) from 12 patients with hcmv-positive viremia and cerebro-spinal fluids (csf) from five patients with hcmv-encephalitis. comparison of us28 nucleotide sequences between cli ... | 2006 | 16972032 |
| inhibition of viral proteases by zingiberaceae extracts and flavones isolated from kaempferia parviflora. | in order to identify novel lead compounds with antiviral effect, methanol and aqueous extracts of eight medicinal plants in the zingiberaceae family were screened for inhibition of proteases from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). in general, the methanol extracts inhibited the enzymes more effectively than the aqueous extracts. hiv-1 protease was strongly inhibited by the methanol extract of alpinia galanga. this extract also i ... | 2006 | 16964717 |
| human cytomegalovirus-induced reduction of extracellular matrix proteins in vascular smooth muscle cell cultures: a pathomechanism in vasculopathies? | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection appears to be linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. an association between hcmv infection and an enhanced restenosis rate as well as the induction of vasculopathies after solid organ transplantation has been documented. knowledge of the cellular and molecular basis of these findings is limited, however. by northern blot and rt-pcr analysis of human foreskin fibroblasts (hff) and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (smc), we identified extrace ... | 2006 | 16963742 |
| human cytomegalovirus infection alters the substrate specificities and rapamycin sensitivities of raptor- and rictor-containing complexes. | signaling mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase (mtor) is activated during human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. mtor is found in two complexes differing by the binding partner, rictor or raptor. activated mtor-raptor promotes cap-dependent translation through the hyperphosphorylation of the eif4e-binding protein (4e-bp). this activity of the raptor complex is normally inhibited by cell stress responses or the drug rapamycin. however, we previously showed that this inhibition of ... | 2006 | 16959881 |
| detection of beta-herpesviruses in allogenic stem cell recipients by quantitative real-time pcr. | the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical impact of reactivation of human herpes virus-6 (hhv-6) and hhv-7 infections in stem cell transplantation recipients, and to examine a possible increase in virulence of the two roseoloviruses when a reactivation of cmv (hhv-5) simultaneously occurs. for this purpose, quantitative real-time pcr systems were developed to assess the viral load of cmv, hhv-6, or hhv-7 in the plasma of haematopoetic stem cell recipients. one hundred and ninety-eigh ... | 2006 | 16956672 |
| diagnostic value of reverse transcription-pcr for detection of cytomegalovirus pp67 in samples from solid-organ transplant recipients. | we evaluated a highly sensitive quantitative real-time one-step reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) for detection of human cytomegalovirus pp67 transcripts in monitoring of solid-organ transplant recipients. results were compared with those of pp65 antigen testing and quantitative dna-pcr. due to a low clinical sensitivity, the pp67 rt-pcr was not able to replace these assays. | 2006 | 16954283 |
| genomic organization and evolution of the ulbp genes in cattle. | the cattle ul16-binding protein 1 (ulbp1) and ulbp2 genes encode members of the mhc class i superfamily that have homology to the human ulbp genes. human ulbp1 and ulbp2 interact with the nkg2d receptor to activate effector cells in the immune system. the human cytomegalovirus ul16 protein is known to disrupt the ulbp-nkg2d interaction, thereby subverting natural killer cell-mediated responses. previous southern blotting experiments identified evidence of increased ulbp copy number within the ge ... | 2006 | 16953885 |
| human cytomegalovirus alters localization of mhc class ii and dendrite morphology in mature langerhans cells. | hemopoietic stem cell-derived mature langerhans-type dendritic cells (lc) are susceptible to productive infection by human cmv (hcmv). to investigate the impact of infection on this cell type, we examined hla-dr biosynthesis and trafficking in mature lc cultures exposed to hcmv. we found decreased surface hla-dr levels in viral ag-positive as well as in ag-negative mature lc. inhibition of hla-dr was independent of expression of unique short us2-us11 region gene products by hcmv. indeed, exposur ... | 2006 | 16951359 |
| ionic contra-viral therapy (icvt); a new approach to the treatment of dna virus infections. | the sequestration of cellular k(+) has been shown elsewhere to elicit a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. the obligatory, coupled cotransports of na(+), k(+) and cl(-) (nkcc1) and of na(+) and k(+) (nkatpase) effect net cellular k(+) influx. we examined the effects of specific inhibitors of these transports; a cardiac glycoside (digoxin) and a loop diuretic (furosemide) on virus replication in vitro. the replication of the dna viruses, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, human cyto ... | 2006 | 16932984 |
| viral gene expression during the establishment of human cytomegalovirus latent infection in myeloid progenitor cells. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) establishes and maintains a latent infection in myeloid cells and can reactivate to cause serious disease in allograft recipients. to better understand the molecular events associated with the establishment of latency, we tracked the virus following infection of primary human myeloid progenitor cells at days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 11. at all time points, the viral genome was maintained in most cells at approximately 10 copies. infectious virus was not detected, but virus co ... | 2006 | 16931631 |
| human cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor us28 promotes tumorigenesis. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a widely spread herpesvirus, suggested to play a role in tumor progression. us28, a chemokine receptor encoded by hcmv, binds a broad spectrum of chemokines and constitutively activates various pathways linked to proliferation. our studies reveal that expression of us28 induces a proangiogenic and transformed phenotype by up-regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and enhancing cell growth and cell cycle progression. us28-expressing cells p ... | 2006 | 16924106 |
| human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase catalytic subunit pul54 possesses independently acting nuclear localization and ppul44 binding motifs. | the catalytic subunit of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna polymerase pul54 is a 1242-amino-acid protein, whose function, stimulated by the processivity factor, phosphoprotein ul44 (ppul44), is essential for viral replication. the c-terminal residues (amino acids 1220-1242) of pul54 have been reported to be sufficient for ppul44 binding in vitro. although believed to be important for functioning in the nuclei of infected cells, no data are available on either the interaction of pul54 with ppul44 ... | 2006 | 16911590 |
| human ilt2 receptor associates with murine mhc class i molecules in vivo and impairs t cell function. | immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ilt2/lilrb1/lir1/cd85j) is an inhibitory receptor broadly expressed on leukocytes and antigen-presenting cells that recognizes hla-class i and human cytomegalovirus ul18 proteins. the function of this receptor is to generate negative signals or to inhibit positive signals. here, we demonstrate the model to study the function of ilt2 in vivo using a newly generated transgenic mouse expressing the human inhibitory receptor on t, b, nk, and nkt cells. ilt2 expressi ... | 2006 | 16897816 |
| characterization of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul97 mutations found in a valganciclovir/oral ganciclovir prophylactic trial by use of a bacterial artificial chromosome containing the hcmv genome. | a method based on manipulation of the human cytomegalovirus genome in a bacterial artificial chromosome was developed to determine the role played by 6 ul97 mutations of unknown significance. these mutations were found in blood samples from solid-organ transplant recipients in a trial comparing valganciclovir and oral ganciclovir prophylaxis. recombinant viruses containing ul97 mutations p405l, a427v, m550i, a582v, y617h, and a674t were generated in a bacterial system. viral stocks were subseque ... | 2006 | 16897654 |
| restoring immune defenses via lymphotoxin signaling: lessons from cytomegalovirus. | although primary infection with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), a beta-herpesvirus, is widespread and acquired early in life, it rarely causes disease in immune-competent individuals. however, in immune-compromised patients hcmv infection or reactivation invariably leads to serious disease, the effective treatment of which remains a difficult clinical problem. current antiviral therapy is limited not only by toxicity but also by the continual emergence of drugresistant viruses. the limitations of ... | 2006 | 16891674 |
| monitoring of human cytomegalovirus-specific cd4 and cd8 t-cell immunity in patients receiving solid organ transplantation. | absolute and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-specific cd4+ and cd8+ t-cell counts were monitored in 38 solid organ (20 heart, 9 lung and 9 kidney) transplant recipients during the first year after transplantation by a novel assay based on t-cell stimulation with hcmv-infected autologous dendritic cells. according to the pattern of t-cell restoration occurring either within the first month after transplantation or later, patients were classified as either early (n = 21) or late responders (n = 17). ... | 2006 | 16889599 |
| evidence for a role of the cellular nd10 protein pml in mediating intrinsic immunity against human cytomegalovirus infections. | several viruses, including human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), encode proteins that colocalize with a cellular subnuclear structure known as nd10. since only viral dna deposited at nd10 initiates transcription, nd10 structures were hypothesized to be essential for viral replication. on the other hand, interferon treatment induces an up-regulation of nd10 structures and viruses have evolved polypeptides that disperse the dot-like accumulation of nd10 proteins, suggesting that nd10 could also be part of ... | 2006 | 16873257 |
| structural changes in human cytomegalovirus cytoplasmic assembly sites in the absence of ul97 kinase activity. | studies of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul97 kinase deletion mutant (deltaul97) indicated a multi-step role for this kinase in early and late phases of the viral life cycle, namely, in dna replication, capsid maturation and nuclear egress. here, we addressed its possible involvement in cytoplasmic steps of hcmv assembly. using the deltaul97 and the ul97 kinase inhibitor ngic-i, we demonstrate that the absence of ul97 kinase activity results in a modified subcellular distribution of the viral str ... | 2006 | 16872656 |
| novel real-time monitoring system for human cytomegalovirus-infected cells in vitro that uses a green fluorescent protein-pml-expressing cell line. | promyelocytic leukemia (pml) bodies are discrete nuclear foci that are intimately associated with many dna viruses. in human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection, the ie1 (for "immediate-early 1") protein has a marked effect on pml bodies via de-sumoylation of pml protein. here, we report a novel real-time monitoring system for hcmv-infected cells using a newly established cell line (se/15) that stably expresses green fluorescent protein (gfp)-pml protein. in se/15 cells, hcmv infection causes speci ... | 2006 | 16870775 |
| human cytomegalovirus modulation of ccr5 expression on myeloid cells affects susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | for some time there has been evidence suggesting an interaction between human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the pathogenesis of aids. here, the interaction of hcmv and hiv-1 was examined in monocyte/macrophage cells, two cell types known to be targets for both viruses in vivo. infection experiments demonstrated that prior infection with hcmv impeded subsequent superinfection with hiv-1. in contrast, uninfected bystander cells within the population were still pe ... | 2006 | 16847113 |
| experimental study on the action of allitridin against human cytomegalovirus in vitro: inhibitory effects on immediate-early genes. | garlic (allium sativum) extraction has been reported having anti-hcmv efficacy. this study was aimed to investigate the effect of allitridin (diallyl trisulfide, a compound from a. sativum extraction) on the replication of hcmv and the expression of viral immediate-early genes. in hcmv plaque-reduction assay, allitridin appeared a dose-dependent inhibitory ability with ec(50) value of 4.2 microg/ml (selective index, si=16.7). time-of-addition and time-of-removal studies showed that allitridin in ... | 2006 | 16844239 |
| strong selection of virus-specific cytotoxic cd4+ t-cell clones during primary human cytomegalovirus infection. | to obtain insight into human cd4+ t cell differentiation and selection in vivo, we longitudinally studied cytomegalovirus (cmv)-specific cd4+ t cells after primary infection. early in infection, cmv-specific cd4+ t cells have the appearance of interferon gamma (ifngamma)-producing t-helper 1 (th1) type cells, whereas during latency a large population of cmv-specific cd4+ cd28- t cells emerges with immediate cytotoxic capacity. we demonstrate that cd4+ cd28- t cells could lyse cmv antigen-express ... | 2006 | 16840731 |
| diagnosis and monitoring of human cytomegalovirus infection in bone marrow transplant recipients by quantitative competitive pcr. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a common cause of infection worldwide. severe cytomegalovirus disease is usually observed in immunodeficient individuals such as bone marrow transplant (bmt) or aids patients. in these patients, proof of viral presence is not enough for making clinical decisions; one must report the quantity of virus or viral load in appropriate clinical specimens to demonstrate the relationship between disease severity and hcmv infection. the goal of this study was to use quantit ... | 2006 | 16827646 |
| modelling cytomegalovirus replication patterns in the human host: factors important for pathogenesis. | human cytomegalovirus can cause a diverse range of diseases in different immunocompromised hosts. the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these diseases have not been fully elucidated, though the maximal viral load during infection is strongly correlated with the disease. however, concentrating on single viral load measures during infection ignores valuable information contained during the entire replication history up to the onset of disease. we use a statistical model that allows all viral load d ... | 2006 | 16822758 |
| cytotrophoblasts infected with a pathogenic human cytomegalovirus strain dysregulate cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion molecules: a quantitative analysis. | studies of intrauterine human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection have shown suppressed replication in the decidua and placenta of strongly seropositive women. biopsy specimens often contain cmv virion glycoprotein b and dna in syncytiotrophoblasts and villus core macrophages without productive infection. focal replication occurs in placentas of women with low to moderate neutralizing antibody titres. infected cytotrophoblasts downregulate key adhesion and immune molecules required for invasiveness ... | 2007 | 16822542 |
| evidence for direct transfer of cytoplasmic material from infected to uninfected cells during cell-associated spread of human cytomegalovirus. | cell-associated spread is assumed to be the predominant mode of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dissemination in infected patients, however the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. we tested the hypothesis that cell-to-cell spread of hcmv may be associated with direct transfer of cytoplasmic material by analyzing focal growth of green fluorescent hcmvdeltaul16gfp. in this recombinant virus, ul16 was partially replaced by the green fluorescent protein (egfp). the resulting hcmvdeltaul16gfp s ... | 2006 | 16815742 |
| lack of association of herpesviruses with brain tumors. | gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumors in humans. many studies have been carried out on their etiology; however, the only confirmed risk factors are hereditary predisposing conditions and high dose of ionizing radiation. recently, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) gene products and nucleic acids were reported to be present in all of 27 glioma samples investigated in contrast to other brain tissues, and it was hypothesized that hcmv might play a role in glioma pathogenesis. to evaluate the ... | 2006 | 16798670 |
| down-regulation of the nkg2d ligand mica by the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein ul142. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) employs a variety of strategies to modify or evade the host immune response, and natural killer (nk) cells play a crucial role in controlling cytomegalovirus infections in mice and humans. activation of nk cells through the receptor nkg2d/dap10 leads to killing of nkg2d ligand-expressing cells. we have previously shown that hcmv is able to down-regulate the surface expression of some nkg2d ligands, ulbp1, ulbp2, and micb via the viral glycoprotein ul16. here, we show ... | 2006 | 16750166 |
| human cytomegalovirus infection is associated with increased proportions of nk cells that express the cd94/nkg2c receptor in aviremic hiv-1-positive patients. | in healthy blood donors, serological positivity for human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is associated with an increased proportion of nk cells bearing the cd94/nkg2c nk cell receptor (nkr). the expression of the activating cd94/nkg2c nkr and of the inhibitory cd94/nkg2a nkr was studied in a cohort of 45 aviremic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. the proportions of nkg2c+ nk cells were significantly increased in hiv-1-positive p ... | 2006 | 16741880 |
| adenoviral vectors encoding tumor necrosis factor-alpha and fasl induce apoptosis of normal and tumoral anterior pituitary cells. | our previous work showed that tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and fasl induce apoptosis of anterior pituitary cells. to further analyze the effect of these proapoptotic factors, we infected primary cultures from rat anterior pituitary, gh3 and att20 cells with first-generation adenoviral vectors encoding tnf-alpha, fasl or, as a control, beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), under the control of the human cytomegalovirus promoter. successful expression of the encoded transgenes was determined by immu ... | 2006 | 16731798 |
| cmv dna detection in dried blood spots for diagnosing congenital cmv infection in japan. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a leading congenital infectious agent in developed countries. in the past, the incidence of congenital infection has been rather low in japan because a high seroprevalence of cmv present in young women. however, this seroprevalence has been decreasing in recent years, so that the incidence of congenital cmv infection in japanese neonates may increase and approach the level seen in other developed countries. the method was used for detecting cmv dna reported by barb ... | 2006 | 16721859 |
| deletion of open reading frame ul26 from the human cytomegalovirus genome results in reduced viral growth, which involves impaired stability of viral particles. | we previously showed that open reading frame (orf) ul26 of human cytomegalovirus, a member of the us22 multigene family of betaherpesviruses, encodes a novel tegument protein, which is imported into cells in the course of viral infection. moreover, we demonstrated that pul26 contains a strong transcriptional activation domain and is capable of stimulating the major immediate-early (ie) enhancer-promoter. since this suggested an important function of pul26 during the initiation of the viral repli ... | 2006 | 16699023 |
| polymorphisms in the genes encoding chemokine receptor 5, interleukin-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 contribute to cytomegalovirus reactivation and disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | we analyzed 90 polymorphisms in 17 genes related to immune function for association with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) reactivation and disease in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. we found relevant markers (i) in ccr5 and il-10 genes conferring a higher risk for the development of hcmv disease and (ii) in the mcp1 gene associated with hcmv reactivation. testing of high-risk patients for the presence of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms might be useful for individualizing a ... | 2006 | 16672419 |
| kinetics of us28 gene expression during active human cytomegalovirus infection in lung-transplant recipients. | targeting viral proteins early during infection may limit exacerbation of human cytomegalovirus infection. the viral chemokine-receptor homologue us28 interferes with leukocyte trafficking and, possibly, viral replication. because us28 molecules are abundant on the surface of infected cells, this homologue is a potential target for antiviral therapy. to assess the relationship between us28 and disease activity, we measured, by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, the lev ... | 2006 | 16652284 |
| antiviral properties of new arylsulfone derivatives with activity against human betaherpesviruses. | based on our previous experience with arylsulfone derivatives displaying antiherpetic activity, we synthesized several analogues in which the sulfonyl group is part of a bicyclic structure. the benzene-fused derivative 2h-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzo-thiazine-2-carbonitrile 1,1-dioxide and its thiophene-fused analogue were shown to have favorable activity and selectivity against the betaherpesviruses human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) and 7 (hhv-7). the benz ... | 2006 | 16650489 |
| [polymorphisms of hcmv us28 gene of the clinical isolates from children]. | to study the polymorphism of human cytomegalovirus us28 gene in children and investigate the relationship between the polymorphism and pathogenesis. | 2006 | 16642212 |
| [development of drug-resistant human cytomegalovirus]. | 2006 | 16615525 | |
| [human cytomegalovirus in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. | 2006 | 16615519 | |
| human cytomegalovirus infection elicits a glycoprotein m (gm)/gn-specific virus-neutralizing antibody response. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that infects 40 to 90% of adult human populations. hcmv infections are often asymptomatic in healthy individuals but can cause severe organ and life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients. the antiviral antibody response to hcmv infection is complex and is known to include virus-neutralizing antibody production against surface glycoproteins encoded by hcmv. we have investigated the human antibody response to a complex of hcmv ... | 2006 | 16611919 |
| role of the cellular protein hdaxx in human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene expression. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate-early (ie) transcription is stimulated by virion phosphoprotein pp71, the product of gene ul82. it has previously been shown that pp71 interacts with the cellular protein hdaxx and, in the studies presented here, the significance of this interaction was investigated for hcmv ie gene expression. in co-transfection experiments, the presence of hdaxx increased the transcriptional response of the hcmv major ie promoter (miep) to pp71, but it was not possible to ... | 2006 | 16603511 |
| protection capability of recombinant plasmid dna vaccine containing vp2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in chickens adjuvanted with cpg oligodeoxynucleotide. | in the present study the efficacy of recombinant plasmids dna vaccine encoding vp2 gene of very virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) isolated from pakistan was investigated with or without coadministration of cytocine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (cpg odn) to protect the chickens against the disease. vp2 gene of vvibdv was successfully amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and was cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid vector, w ... | 2006 | 16600440 |
| cytomegalovirus infection in burns: a review. | sepsis is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from severe burn injuries. burn patients are known to be immunocompromised, and it is generally accepted that the immunosuppressed patient may experience human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection and disease. review of the very limited available literature identifies a seroconversion rate of between 18 and 22% for burn patients who were seronegative for hcmv prior to suffering their burn injury. furthermore, approxi ... | 2006 | 16585632 |
| inhibition of cellular dna synthesis by the human cytomegalovirus ie86 protein is necessary for efficient virus replication. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) expresses several proteins that manipulate normal cellular functions, including cellular transcription, apoptosis, immune response, and cell cycle control. the ie2 gene, which is expressed from the hcmv major immediate-early (mie) promoter, encodes the ie86 protein. ie86 is a multifunctional protein that is essential for viral replication. the functions of ie86 include transactivation of cellular and viral early genes, negative autoregulation of the mie promoter, ind ... | 2006 | 16571804 |
| human cytomegalovirus ul27 is not required for viral replication in human tissue implanted in scid mice. | inhibition of the human cytomegalovirus ul97 kinase by maribavir is thought to be responsible for the antiviral activity of this compound. some mutations that confer resistance to maribavir map to ul97, however additional mutations that also confer resistance to the drug were mapped to ul27. these open reading frames share a low level of homology, yet the function of pul27 remains unknown. a recombinant virus with a deletion in the ul27 open reading frame was reported previously to exhibit a sli ... | 2006 | 16571131 |
| the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein ul16 traffics through the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul16 gene encodes a glycoprotein that interferes with the immune response to the virus-infected cell. in vitro, ul16 interacts with micb and ulbps that are ligands for the stimulatory receptor nkg2d, expressed on nk cells and cd8(+)t cells. ul16 expression has been shown to promote intracellular accumulation of micb, ulbp1 and 2 and thus, interfere with the immune response to hcmv-infected cells. the mechanism that has been suggested for ul16-mediated micb downmo ... | 2006 | 16548884 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of alkoxyalkyl derivatives of 9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine against cytomegalovirus and orthopoxviruses. | 9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine [(s)-hpmpa] was one of the first acyclic nucleoside phosphonates described and has been reported to have good antiviral activity against most double-stranded dna viruses, including the herpes group viruses and the orthopoxviruses. however, (s)-hpmpa is not orally bioavailable and has not been developed for clinical use. we have prepared orally bioavailable lipid esters of (s)-hpmpa and report their synthesis and antiviral evaluation against cytom ... | 2006 | 16539388 |
| developments in antiviral drug design, discovery and development in 2004. | this article summarizes key aspects of progress made during 2004 toward the design, discovery and development of antiviral agents for clinical use. important developments in the identification, characterization and clinical utility of inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus; the hepatitis viruses, hepatitis b, hepatitis c; the herpes family of viruses, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, epstein-barr virus and human cytomegalovirus; the respiratory viruses, influenza, resp ... | 2005 | 16535860 |
| flow cytometric analysis of virus-specific t lymphocytes: practicability of detection of hcmv-specific t lymphocytes in whole blood in patients after stem cell transplantation. | the detection and quantification of specific t lymphocytes against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has proven an important laboratory marker in the monitoring of patients after stem cell transplantation (sct). in these patients hcmv infections may cause severe disease and death. however, the determination of hcmv-specific t lymphocytes may be limited by lymphopenia occurring after transplantation. we evaluated a commercial test kit for the reliable determination of hcmv-specific t lymphocyte develo ... | 2006 | 16530782 |
| characterization and immunological analysis of the rhesus cytomegalovirus homologue (rh112) of the human cytomegalovirus ul83 lower matrix phosphoprotein (pp65). | rhesus cytomegalovirus (rhcmv) contains two open reading frames (rh111 and rh112) that encode proteins homologous to the phosphoprotein 65 (pp65) of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul83 gene. as hcmv pp65 elicits protective immune responses in infected humans and represents an important vaccination target, one rhcmv homologue of hcmv pp65, pp65-2 (rh112), was characterized and analysed for its ability to induce host immune responses. similar to its hcmv counterpart, rhcmv pp65-2 was expressed a ... | 2006 | 16528025 |
| otosclerosis--do we have a viral aetiology? | the etiology of otosclerosis remains an enigma though there are evidences suggesting a viral involvement. this study aimed to find out the relationship between viral infections and otosclerosis. twenty two patients with otosclerosis and 10 healthy controls were included in the study. igm antibodies to varicella zoster virus (vzv), measles, rubella, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) were detected using micro elisa. paul bunnel davidsohn test was performed to rule out ebs ... | 2005 | 16519080 |
| in vivo expression of the antimicrobial defensin and lactoferrin proteins allowed by the strategic insertion of introns adequately spliced. | a major limitation of conventional shuttle expression system, when cloning a bactericidal gene, is the basal expression level in bacteria, which is lethal. although the expression level is low, the bactericidal feature inherent to the molecule leads to subsequent failure to recover intact transformants when the related gene is cloned into a conventional expression vector. contrary to popular belief, the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early region 1 promoter (cmv), which is to date one of the mo ... | 2006 | 16516411 |
| human cytomegalovirus infection and t cell immunosenescence: a mini review. | the mammalian immune system defends the organism against pathogens, and possibly cancer, but is known to become dysregulated with increasing age. this results in greater morbidity and mortality due to infectious disease in old people. the most important changes occur in t cell immunity, manifested sometimes dramatically as altered clonal expansions of cells of limited antigen specificity and a marked shrinkage of the t cell antigen receptor repertoire. at the same time, it was independently repo ... | 2006 | 16513159 |
| interactions among four proteins encoded by the human cytomegalovirus ul112-113 region regulate their intranuclear targeting and the recruitment of ul44 to prereplication foci. | four phosphoproteins, of 34, 43, 50, and 84 kda, with common amino termini are synthesized via alternative splicing from the ul112-113 region of the human cytomegalovirus genome. although genetic studies provided evidence that both the ul112 and ul113 loci in the viral genome are required for efficient viral replication, whether the four proteins play specific roles or cooperate in replication is not understood. here we present evidence, using in vitro and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation assays, t ... | 2006 | 16501081 |
| rna-binding of the human cytomegalovirus transactivator protein ul69, mediated by arginine-rich motifs, is not required for nuclear export of unspliced rna. | the human cytomegalovirus protein pul69 belongs to a family of regulatory factors that is conserved within the herpesviridae and includes the proteins icp27 of herpes simplex virus type 1 and eb2 of epstein-barr virus. icp27 and eb2 have been shown to facilitate the nuclear export of viral mrnas via interacting with the cellular mrna export factor ref. furthermore, direct rna-binding of these proteins was found to be essential for their stimulating effects on mrna export. recently, we demonstrat ... | 2006 | 16500893 |
| selective anti-cytomegalovirus compounds discovered by screening for inhibitors of subunit interactions of the viral polymerase. | better drugs are needed against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), a pathogen responsible for severe diseases in immunocompromised hosts and newborn children. we investigated whether selective inhibitors of hcmv replication could be discovered by screening for compounds that disrupt the interaction between the accessory subunit of the viral dna polymerase, ul44, and the c-terminal 22 residues of the catalytic subunit. from approximately 50,000 small molecules, we identified 5 structurally diverse com ... | 2006 | 16492567 |
| human herpesvirus 7 u47 gene products are glycoproteins expressed in virions and associate with glycoprotein h. | the function of the human herpesvirus 7 (hhv-7) u47 gene, which is a positional homologue of the genes encoding glycoprotein o (go) in human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6), was analysed. a monoclonal antibody (mab) against the u47 gene product reacted in immunoblots with proteins migrating at 49 and 51 kda in lysates of hhv-7-infected cells and with 49 and 51 kda proteins in partially purified virions. digestion of the 49 and 51 kda proteins with endoglycosidase h and pep ... | 2006 | 16476971 |
| does cytomegalovirus play a causative role in the development of various inflammatory diseases and cancer? | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a herpes virus that infects and is carried by 70-100% of the world's population. during its evolution, this virus has developed mechanisms that allow it to survive in an immunocompetent host. for many years, hcmv was not considered to be a major human pathogen, as it appeared to cause only rare cases of hcmv inclusion disease in neonates. however, hcmv is poorly adapted for survival in the immunosuppressed host and has emerged as an important human pathogen in aid ... | 2006 | 16476101 |
| detection and quantification of herpesviruses in kostmann syndrome periodontitis using real-time polymerase chain reaction: a case report. | kostmann syndrome, or severe congenital neutropenia, is an autosomal recessive disease of neutrophil production and is associated with severe periodontal pathology. the aim of this study was to determine whether human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) contribute to the pathogenesis of kostmann syndrome periodontitis. | 2006 | 16476015 |
| the polymer-supported and combinatorial synthesis of beta-lactam compounds: an update. | solid-phase organic synthesis (spos) has become an effective synthetic tool for the preparation of combinatorial libraries of non-oligomeric small molecules. owing to their high efficacy and extremely safe toxicological profile, beta-lactam antibiotics are the first choice for bacterial infectious diseases. moreover, beta-lactam compounds have also showed other biological activities that include inhibition of prostate specific antigen, thrombin, human cytomegalovirus protein, human leukocyte ela ... | 2006 | 16457635 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of some 2-substituted 3-formyl- and 3-cyano-5,6-dichloroindole nucleosides. | a series of dichlorinated indole nucleosides has been synthesized and tested for activity against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and for cytotoxicity. the isopropylidene-protected analogs of the previously reported 3-formyl-2,5,6-trichloro-1-(beta-dribofuranosyl)indole (ftcri) and 3-cyano-2,5, 6-trichloro-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)indole (ctcri) were modified by nucleophilic displacement of the 2-chloro substituent using secondary amines. deprotection of the i ... | 2005 | 16438038 |
| engineered external guide sequences are highly effective in inducing rnase p for inhibition of gene expression and replication of human cytomegalovirus. | external guide sequences (egss), which are rna molecules derived from natural trnas, bind to a target mrna and render the mrna susceptible to hydrolysis by rnase p, a trna processing enzyme. using an in vitro selection procedure, we have previously generated egs variants that efficiently direct human rnase p to cleave a target mrna in vitro. in this study, a variant was used to target the overlapping region of the mrnas encoding human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) essential transcription regulatory fac ... | 2006 | 16432261 |
| autoreactivity of primary human immunoglobulins ancestral to hypermutated human antibodies that neutralize hcmv. | the human antibody response to the ad-2s1 epitope of glycoprotein b (gb) of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is dominated by a family of closely related somatically mutated antibodies. these antibodies neutralize viral infectivity and the genes encoding them are derived from two commonly used germ-line variable (v) region genes, ighv3-30 and igkv3-11. recombination of these v genes with the appropriate junctional diversity generates genes that encode primary immunoglobulins that bind to ad-2s1. to f ... | 2006 | 16423397 |
| failure to genotype human cytomegalovirus by pcr-rflp method due to sequence variation within the primer binding site. | polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) is one of the rapid methods for genotyping human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). when genotyping clinical samples by a sensitive nested pcr-based rflp method for the glycoprotein b (gb) gene of hcmv, it was found that some of the clinical specimens did not give an amplification signal. analysis of the prototype sequences of the different genotypes showed base pair mismatches over the primer binding site. an alternative a ... | 2006 | 16417928 |
| activation of b cells using schneider 2 cells expressing cd40 ligand for the enhancement of antigen presentation in vitro. | cd40 ligand (cd40l) expressed by activated cd4+ t cells is a family member of membrane bound tnf family ligand and its interaction with cd40 expressed in apc has been shown to contribute in enhancing immune response. exogenous stimulation through cd40 has been performed using soluble trimeric cd40l, anti-cd40 monoclonal antibody and cells expressing cd40l. schneider 2 (s2) cells, a cell line derived from drosophila melanogaster, was transfected with a plasmid vector, pac5.1/v5-hisa, for the cons ... | 2005 | 16391518 |
| expansion of cd94/nkg2c+ nk cells in response to human cytomegalovirus-infected fibroblasts. | cd94/nkg2c(+) natural killer (nk) cells are increased in healthy individuals infected with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), suggesting that hcmv infection may shape the nk cell receptor repertoire. to address this question, we analyzed the distribution of nk cell subsets in peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) cocultured with hcmv-infected fibroblasts. a substantial increase of nk cells was detected by day 10 in samples from a group of hcmv(+) donors, and cd94/nkg2c(+) cells outnumbered the cd94/nkg ... | 2006 | 16384928 |
| a novel strategy to identify the regulatory dna-organized cooperations among transcription factors. | to identify the functional contributions of cooperations among transcription factors on regulatory dna is critical for understanding transcription activation. but so far there is a great lack of effective identifying methods. here we describe a novel strategy, based on comprehensively perturbed experiments and a computational model, to identify the cooperations among nf-kappab (p65), creb, and ap-1 in transcription activation of human cytomegalovirus major ie1 promoter/enhancer (miep). in this s ... | 2006 | 16376876 |
| crystal structure of the cytomegalovirus dna polymerase subunit ul44 in complex with the c terminus from the catalytic subunit. differences in structure and function relative to unliganded ul44. | the human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase is composed of a catalytic subunit, ul54, and an accessory protein, ul44, which has a structural fold similar to that of other processivity factors, including herpes simplex virus ul42 and homotrimeric sliding clamps such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen. several specific residues in the c-terminal region of ul54 and in the "connector loop" of ul44 are required for the association of these proteins. here, we describe the crystal structure of residues ... | 2006 | 16371349 |
| isolation of a fusion protein containing the antigenic domain 1 of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b and its application in elisa tests. | the glycoprotein b (gb) of human cytomegalovirus represents a dominant antigen for the humoral immune response. the immunodominant region on gb is the antigenic domain 1 (ad-1), a complex structure that requires a minimal continuous sequence of more than 75 amino acids for antibody binding. in this study, this domain was expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase but yielded insoluble protein aggregates as inclusion bodies. to recover the fusion protein, inclusion ... | 2006 | 16369688 |
| physical and functional interactions of the cytomegalovirus us6 glycoprotein with the transporter associated with antigen processing. | the endoplasmic reticulum-resident human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein us6 (gpus6) inhibits peptide translocation by the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap) to prevent loading of major histocompatibility complex class i molecules and antigen presentation to cd8+ t cells. tap is formed by two subunits, tap1 and tap2, each containing one multispanning transmembrane domain (tmd) and a cytosolic nucleotide binding domain. here we reported that the blockade of tap by gpus6 is species- ... | 2006 | 16356928 |
| neonatal cytomegalovirus blood load and risk of sequelae in symptomatic and asymptomatic congenitally infected newborns. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a ubiquitous human-specific dna virus and is the main cause of congenital virus infection in developed countries leading to psychomotor impairment and deafness. diagnostic techniques for cmv detection have greatly improved during recent years with the advent of sophisticated serological and virological methods. the aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of detection and quantification of virus in neonatal blood samples of symptom ... | 2006 | 16326692 |
| the anti-malaria drug artesunate inhibits replication of cytomegalovirus in vitro and in vivo. | treatment of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections with any of the currently available antiviral agents is frequently associated with the occurrence of severe complications, seriously threatening the successful outcome of treatment. therefore, the development of novel antiviral strategies is a challenging goal of current investigations. previously, we reported that artesunate (art) is an effective, non-cytotoxic inhibitor of hcmv in vitro. here, we demonstrate that the efficacy of the antivira ... | 2006 | 16325931 |
| [histologic change in human cytomegalovirus-infected explants of first trimester human placenta and expression of human cytomegalovirus gene]. | to observe histologic changes of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-infected explants of first trimester human placenta and expression of hcmv gene in the hcmv-infected explants, and investigate the mechanism of intrauterine transmission of hcmv from mother to fetus. | 2005 | 16324247 |
| nk cell receptors involved in the response to human cytomegalovirus infection. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection is a paradigm of the complexity reached by host-pathogen interactions. to avoid recognition by cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) hcmv inhibits the expression of hla class i molecules. as a consequence, engagement of inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (kir), cd94/nkg2a, and cd85j (ilt2 or lir-1) natural killer cell receptors (nkr) specific for hla class i molecules is impaired, and infected cells become vulnerable to an nk cell response driven by ac ... | 2006 | 16323417 |
| production of infectious human cytomegalovirus virions is inhibited by drugs that disrupt calcium homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum. | we previously reported that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection induces endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (upr). although some normal consequences of upr activation (e.g., translation attenuation) are detrimental to viral infection, we have previously shown that hcmv infection adapts the upr to benefit the viral infection (14). for example, upr-induced translation attenuation is inhibited by viral infection, while potentially beneficia ... | 2005 | 16306610 |
| acquisition of human cytomegalovirus infection in infants via breast milk: natural immunization or cause for concern? | since the recognition in the 1960s that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections could be transmitted by breast milk, there has been relatively little attention paid to the potential medical consequences of such infections. indeed, since hcmv infections acquired by healthy newborn infants appear to be largely asymptomatic in nature, there has been no real incentive to develop or implement strategies to prevent transmission by this route. however, recent studies have identified a significant risk ... | 2006 | 16287195 |
| breast milk and cytomegalovirus infection in preterm infants. | the incidence of postnatal human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) reactivation during lactation equals the maternal seroprevalence. infectious virus, viral dna and rna can be isolated from cells and fat free milk whey. early onset of viral dnalactia and virolactia as well as high viral load in milk whey are maternal risk factors for virus transmission. preterm infants below 1000 g birthweight and a gestational age below 30 weeks may be at high risk of acquiring a symptomatic hcmv infection. several recent ... | 2005 | 16278059 |
| cd11c+ dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dcs are activated by human cytomegalovirus and retain efficient t cell-stimulatory capability upon infection. | it has been suggested that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) evades the immune system by infecting and paralyzing antigen-presenting cells. this view is based mainly on studies of dendritic cells (dcs) obtained after culture of monocytes (modcs). it is contradicted by the asymptomatic course of hcmv infection in healthy persons, indicating that other key antigen-presenting cells induce an efficient immune response. here we show that hcmv activates cd11c+ dcs and plasmacytoid dcs (pdcs). in contrast t ... | 2006 | 16269620 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of n- and o-alkylated bicyclic furanopyrimidines as non-nucleosidic inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus. | 2'3'-dideoxy furanopyrimidines were shown to display anti-hcmv activity via a non-nucleoside mechanism. further studies into highly modified sugar derivatives led to the preparation of n-and o-alkylated c10 furanopyrimidine analogues, and this work is described herein. these compounds were tested against hcmv strains, and the first case of submicromolar activity was observed. | 2005 | 16248003 |
| synthesis, physicochemical properties and antiviral activities of ester prodrugs of ganciclovir. | the purpose of this study was to synthesize a series of diester prodrugs of ganciclovir (gcv), for improving ocular and oral bioavailability and therapeutic activity. solubility, logp, ph stability profile, in vitro antiviral activity, cytotoxicity, inhibition profile and ocular tissue hydrolysis of the gcv prodrugs were measured. val-val-gcv and val-gly-gcv diesters were found to exhibit greater aqueous stability compared to val-gcv and gly-val-gcv while ocular tissue hydrolysis demonstrated va ... | 2005 | 16242278 |
| characterization of a highly glycosylated form of the human cytomegalovirus hla class i homologue gpul18. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) gpul18 is a hla class i (hla-i) homologue with high affinity for the inhibitory receptor lir-1/ilt2. the previously described 67 kda form of gpul18 is shown here to be sensitive to endoglycosidase-h (endoh). a novel form of gpul18 with a molecular mass of approximately 160 kda and resistance to endoh was identified in cells infected with hcmv strain ad169 or the low passage hcmv isolates merlin and toledo. the 67 kda endoh-sensitive gpul18 glycoform was detected earl ... | 2005 | 16227221 |
| an in vitro model for the regulation of human cytomegalovirus latency and reactivation in dendritic cells by chromatin remodelling. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a frequent cause of major disease following primary infection or reactivation from latency in immunocompromised patients. infection of non-permissive mononuclear cells is used for analyses of hcmv latency in vitro. using this approach, it is shown here that repression of lytic gene expression following experimental infection of cd34+ cells, a site of hcmv latency in vivo, correlates with recruitment of repressive chromatin around the major immediate-early promoter ... | 2005 | 16227215 |
| monitoring of human cytomegalovirus, hhv-6 and hhv-7 infection in kidney transplant recipients by molecular methods to predict hcmv disease after transplantation: a prospective study. | recently, highly sensitive molecular assays to detect hcmv, hhv-6 and hhv-7 have been developed but their ability to detect patients at high risk for disease is unclear. | 2005 | 16218029 |