Publications

identification of serum gh-binding proteins in the goldfish (carassius auratus) and comparison with mammalian gh-binding proteins.	the present study constitutes the characterization of a specific, high-affinity gh-binding protein (ghbp) in the serum of a teleost, the goldfish (carassius auratus). gh-binding assay and ligand blotting techniques were employed to identify ghbps in goldfish serum and hepatocyte culture medium. the binding characteristics and apparent molecular weights (mr) of goldfish ghbps were also compared with those of rabbit and rat. ligand analysis identified a single class of high-affinity and low-capaci ...	1999	10320823
ontogeny of the thymus in a teleost fish, cyprinus carpio l.: developing thymocytes in the epithelial microenvironment.	a monoclonal antibody, wcl9, specific for membrane molecules of a thymocyte subpopulation was used to detect these cells in situ during the ontogeny of thymus. cryo-sections revealed wcl9+ cells in the rudiment of the thymus (day 4 post fertilization); thereafter, the positive cells were observed exclusively in the cortex from the first appearance of thymic regionalization (week 4 post fertilization) until adult age. whole-mount immunostaining of the thymus with wcl9 revealed the three-dimension ...	2006	10227480
molecular and immunological characterization of carp parvalbumin, a major fish allergen.		2016	10224422
the graft-versus-host reaction (gvhr) in the ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.	a model system of clonal triploid ginbuna and tetraploid ginbuna-goldfish hybrids was employed to demonstrate the presence of graft-versus-host reaction (gvhr) in a teleost fish. tetraploid scale grafts on triploid clone members evoked an acute rejection, whereas the reverse transplants were accepted. when sensitized triploid cells were injected into tetraploid recipients, a typical gvhr was induced, leading to death of the recipients within one month. the onset of illness appeared about one wee ...	2006	10220065
kainate-elicited seizures induce mrna encoding a camk-related peptide: a putative modulator of kinase activity in rat hippocampus.	by means of differential display techniques, we have previously identified an mrna transcript whose expression is highly induced in the rat hippocampus by kainate-elicited seizures. here, we report the cloning of a corresponding cdna encoding a 55-amino-acid, serine-rich peptide which contains four predicted phosphorylation sites. the peptide was designated camk-related peptide (carp) as it shares significant amino acid sequence identity with part of a novel putative calcium/calmodulin-dependent ...	1999	10213452
[the dynamics of the ectoparasite count and the protein level in the blood serum of infested carp under experimental conditions].	carps of one and two years age used for laboratory experiments were collected in winter time. 7 groups of carps of one year age were examined each 10th day during 70 days and 5 groups of two years age were examined each 15 days during 75 days. in carps of one year age the increase of different parasites was observed in different time: dactylogyrus extensus--after 40 and 70 days, icthyophthirius multifiliis--after 50 days, trichodina sp.--after 60 days. in carps of two years age the increase of a ...	1998	10206854
purification, characterization, and molecular cloning of carp hyosophorin.	carp hyosophorin (hsp) is purified from oocytes. it is a highly glycosylated protein (10% protein and 90% carbohydrate) of high molecular weight (>100 kda) and is localized in the cortical granules of oocytes. during cortical reaction carp hsp is exocytosed into the perivitelline space and is rapidly cleaved to the low-molecular-weight forms of 20 to 30 kda. the major part of carp hsp cdna is composed of tandem repeats, the repetitive domain. a repeat is 36 base pairs (bp) in length, which encod ...	1999	10206660
modulation of desensitization at glutamate receptors in isolated crucian carp horizontal cells by concanavalin a, cyclothiazide, aniracetam and pepa.	in horizontal cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we examined the effects of modulators of glutamate receptor desensitization, concanavalin a, cyclothiazide, aniracetam and 4-[2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio]-2,6-difluoro-phenoxyacetam ide (pepa), on responses to rapid application of glutamate and kainate, using whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques. incubation of concanavalin a suppressed the peak response but weakly potentiated the equilibrium response of hor ...	1999	10199629
induction of two major isoforms of metallothionein in crucian carp (carassius cuvieri) by air-pumping stress, dexamethasone, and metals.	the induction of metallothionein (mt) by physical and chemical stress was assessed using the fresh-water fish, crucian carp (carassius cuvieri temminck et schlegel). the fish exposed to violent air-pumping stress for 6 days revealed time-dependent induction of mt-like metal-binding proteins in both their livers and kidneys. their hepatic contents after exposure to stress were elevated to twice the basal level with 24 h, resulting in more than a 3-fold increase at 144 h, whereas their renal conte ...	1999	10190030
in vitro effects of cadmium and ddvp (dichlorvos) on intestinal carbohydrase and protease activities in freshwater teleosts.	in vitro effects of cadmium (0.5-50 mg/l) and ddvp (0.2-100 mg/l) on the total amylolytic, sucrase and protease activities of intestinal mucosa have been studied for the first time in 11 freshwater teleosts. total amylolytic activity in burbot, crucian carp and common carp, sucrase activity in blue bream and total proteolytic activity in burbot and pike were significantly decreased by cadmium at 50 mg/l. ddvp (at 0.2 mg/l) caused a significant decrease in total proteolytic activity in pike but h ...	1999	10190024
identification and expression analysis of two developmentally regulated myosin heavy chain gene transcripts in carp (cyprinus carpio).	whilst developmentally regulated genes for the myosin heavy chain (myohc) have been characterised in mammalian, avian and amphibian species, no developmental myohc gene has previously been characterised in a species of fish. in this study, we identify two developmentally regulated myohc gene transcripts (named eggs22 and eggs24) in carp (cyprinus carpio) and characterise their expression patterns during embryonic and larval development. the transcripts showed an identical temporal pattern of exp ...	1999	10101107
characterization of a cdna encoding a precursor of carassius rfamide, structurally related to a mammalian prolactin-releasing peptide.	we have characterized the cdna encoding carassius rfamide (c-rfa), which is structurally related to mammalian prolactin-releasing peptides (prrps), from the brain of the crucian carp. the deduced c-rfa precursor has been shown to comprise 117 amino acids, encoding a single c-rfa sequence. a comparative study of amino acid sequences has revealed that several sequences conserved in preproprrps are also found in the c-rfa precursor. furthermore, the abundant presence of the c-rfa mrna in the telenc ...	1999	10100851
extracellular levels of amino acid neurotransmitters during anoxia and forced energy deficiency in crucian carp brain.	the crucian carp is one of the few vertebrates that has the ability to survive long periods of anoxia. a devastating event in the anoxic mammalian brain is a massive release of excitatory neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate. using microdialysis to measure extracellular levels of several amino acid neurotransmitters and related compounds in the telencephalon of crucian carp in vivo, we show here that this species avoids a release of glutamate during anoxia, which is probably related to its ...	1999	10095011
zinc-induced damage to carp (cyprinus carpio l.) erythrocytes in vitro.	fish erythrocytes were used to elucidate the effect of zinc ions on the cell antioxidant defence system. it was detected that an increase of the zn2+ concentration (0.01-1 mm) leads to a marked decrease (p < 0.05) in the catalase and the glutathione peroxidase activities. we observed a loss of 14-39% activity of glutathione peroxidase, and 16-20% diminution for catalase. no significant changes were found in case of the superoxide dismutase. incubation of red blood cells with zinc brought about a ...	1999	10092948
genotoxicity of drinking water from chao lake.	genotoxic activity appears to originate primarily from reactions of chlorine with humic substances in the source waters. comparisons of extracts of settled versus chlorinated water have confirmed that chlorinating during water treatment produces mutagenic activity in the mutagenicity tests. present work on xad-2 extracts of raw, chlorinated (treated), and settled water from the chao lake region of china has involved a battery of mutagenicity assays for various genetic endpoints: the salmonella t ...	1999	10092404
[detection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction. diagnostic validation].	viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) is a fish pathogen that attacks rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) farming. the only diagnostic method recognised by the european community for vhs is based on the detection of the viral agent in cell culture followed by an immunological identification of the pathogen. reverse transcription followed by a double amplification of the polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the gene encoding the viral glycoprotein g is proposed here as an alternative meth ...	1999	10081112
whirling disease: host specificity and interaction between the actinosporean stage of myxobolus cerebralis and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss.	scanning electron microscopic studies were conducted on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in the first 60 min after their exposure to the triactinomyxon spores of myxobolus cerebralis. the results demonstrated that as early as 1 min post exposure the whole process, from the attachment of the triactinomyxon spores to the complete penetration of their sporoplasm germs, had occurred. the triactinomyxon spores sought out the secretory openings of mucous cells of the epidermis, the respiratory epithe ...	1999	10073310
characterization of the carp myosin heavy chain multigene family.	we isolated partial coding sequences for 29 carp myosin heavy chain genes (myohcs) and determined the nucleotide sequences around the region encoding the loop 2 of the myosin molecule. the predicted amino acid sequences from the isolated genes all showed very high similarity to those of skeletal and cardiac muscles from higher vertebrates, but not to those of smooth and non-muscle counterparts. among all clones isolated, carp myohc10, myohci-1-3 and myohc30 showed exon-nucleotide sequences ident ...	1999	10072772
comparison of zp3 protein sequences among vertebrate species: to obtain a consensus sequence for immunocontraception.	the deduced zp3 amino acid (aa) sequences of 13 vertebrate species namely mouse, hamster, rabbit, pig, porcine, cow, dog, cat, human, bonnet, marmoset, carp, and frog were compared using the pileup and pretty alignment programs (gcg, wisconsin, usa). the published aa sequences obtained from 13 vertebrate species indicated the overall evolutionarily conservation in the n-terminus, central region, and c-terminus of the zp3 polypeptide. more variations of zp3 polypeptide sequences were seen in the ...	1999	10051457
lethal effects of mexel 432, an antifouling agent, on embryolarval development of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	embryolarval lethal effects of mexel 432, an antifouling agent, were determined in the laboratory during continuous exposure, beginning at fertilization, under various experimental conditions in eight different spawns of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l). in synthetic water at 24 degrees c and without larval feeding, correlations between lc50 values and the various experimental conditions tested, except mexel 432 concentration, were low. the mean lc50 values were 1.13+/-0.35 mg/liter after 3 d ...	1999	10051358
sequence differences between alpha1c and alpha1s ca2+ channel subunits reveal structural determinants of a guarded and modulated benzothiazepine receptor.	the molecular basis of the ca2+ channel block by (+)-cis-diltiazem was studied in class a/l-type chimeras and mutant alpha1c-a ca2+ channels. chimeras consisted of either rabbit heart (alpha1c-a) or carp skeletal muscle (alpha1s) sequence in transmembrane segments iiis6, ivs6, and adjacent s5-s6 linkers. only chimeras containing sequences from alpha1c-a were efficiently blocked by (+)-cis-diltiazem, whereas the phenylalkylamine (-)-gallopamil efficiently blocked both constructs. carp skeletal mu ...	1999	10037699
zinc modulation of ampa receptors may be relevant to splice variants in carp retina.	with the use of the whole-cell patch clamp technique, we examined effects of zinc on ampa receptors of isolated carp retinal horizontal cells, predominantly consisting of flop splice variants. we found that zinc ranging from 30 microm to 1 mm failed to modulate glutamate-induced currents of these cells, which is clearly distinct from the results previously obtained in superior colliculus neurons and xenopus ooctyes. furthermore, glutamate responses remained unchanged when zinc was co-applied wit ...	1999	10025587
body bending during fast-starts in fish can be explained in terms of muscle torque and hydrodynamic resistance	fish fast-starts are rapid events caused by the simultaneous onset of muscle activity along one side of the body. spine curvature and the strain and electromyographic activity in white muscle were measured for fast-starts in the common carp cyprinus carpio. the first bend of the fast-start was powered by muscle on the concave side: muscle fibres on this side were activated and began shortening simultaneously between the length-specific longitudinal sites 0.3l and 0.56l, where l is total body len ...	1999	10021321
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in carp (cyprinus carpio) liver, spleen, and head kidney following experimental listeria monocytogenes infection.	infection of carp with listeria monocytogenes 4b resulted in decreased liver, spleen, and head kidney enzyme activities, involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. after infection, cytochrome p-450 levels and ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activity were decreased while conjugation enzymes remained unaffected. the maximum decrease for phase i enzymes occurred on d 3. this loss of monooxygenase levels and activity could not be directly correlated with an increase in the number of organisms, a ...	1999	9973004
estimated intakes of trans fatty and other fatty acids in the us population.	to estimate mean level of trans fatty acid intakes using a representative sample of the us population.	1999	9972183
sublethal effects of phenol on the phospholipid fatty acid composition of carp erythrocyte plasma membrane.	the effect of different concentrations (5, 10, and 20 ppm) of phenol on the carp erythrocyte plasma membrane was examined following exposures of 48 and 96 h. the results indicated that the high concentrations of phenol pollutant led to an increase in phosphatidylcholine (pc) and eliminated phosphatidylinositol (pi), phosphatidylserine (ps), and phosphatidic acid (pa). the data also revealed that arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) was present in the greatest amounts; its quantity in both low and high do ...	1999	9931236
white muscle strain in the common carp and red to white muscle gearing ratios in fish	white muscle strains were recorded using sonomicrometry techniques for 70 fast-starts in the common carp cyprinus carpio l. high-speed cine images were recorded simultaneously for 54 of these starts, and muscle strain was calculated independently from the digitized outlines of the fish. sonomicrometry measurements of superficial muscle strain were not significantly different from the strain as calculated from the theory of simple bending of a homogeneous material: superficial muscle strain thus ...	1999	9929455
goussia carpelli (protozoa: coccidia) infection in stressed and immunosuppressed common carp cyprinus carpio.	goussia carpelli causes enteritic coccidiosis in juvenile carp. in nature it affects carp fry (1 to 2 mo old) and fish (3 to 4 mo old) which are subjected to environmental stress. carp treated with corticosteroids or subjected to temperature stress in the laboratory produced higher numbers of oocysts during the primary infection. resistance to reinfection via the fecal contamination route, however, was not reduced by the application of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, or x-ray irradiation given bo ...	1998	9925425
the impact of rice pesticides on the aquatic ecosystems of the sacramento river and delta (california).	since the early 1980s, when molinate was demonstrated to have killed carp in agricultural drains, an intensive research effort has been undertaken to assess the impact of rice pesticides on aquatic ecosystems in the sacramento river and delta. no impact has been found that can be clearly attributed to rice pesticides. however, the rice insecticides methyl parathion and carbofuran, and probably also bufencarb, reached levels in the river and delta that, based on laboratory bioassays, would have b ...	1999	9921140
effect of different concentrations of cryoprotectant and extender on the hatching of indian major carp embryos (labeo rohita, catla catla, and cirrhinus mrigala) stored at low temperature	rohu (labeo rohita), catla (catla catla) and mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala) embryos were examined for hatching success after short-term (8-13 h) storage at low temperature (4 degreesc) using three concentrations of three cryoprotectants, methanol (1, 2, and 3 m), dimethyl sulfoxide (1.282, 1.923, and 2.564 m, equal to 10, 15, and 20%), and glycerol (1.087, 1.63, and 2.174 m, equal to 10, 15, and 20%), separately as well as together with a single concentration of sucrose (0.5 m). the aim was to deter ...	1998	9917348
major histocompatibility genes in cyprinid fishes: theory and practice.	the first teleostean mhc sequences were described for carp. subsequent studies in a number of cyprinid fishes showed that the class i sequences of these fishes are of particular interest. two distinct lineages (cyca-z and cyca-u) are found in the common and ginbuna crucian carp, but only the u lineage is present in zebrafish and other non-cyprinid species. the presence of the z lineage is hypothesised to be the result of an allotetraploidisation event. both phylogenetic analyses and amino acid s ...	1998	9914921
structural and functional identification of complement components of the bony fish, carp (cyprinus carpio).	complement is a humoral factor of innate immunity and plays important roles in immune surveillance and clearance of invading pathogens. mammalian complement consists of the classical (antibody-dependent), the alternative (antibody-independent) and the lectin (triggered by mannose-binding lectin) pathways of activation, and of the lytic pathway. phylogenetically, bony fish are one of the lowest groups of vertebrates with serum that shows hemolytic activity indistinguishable from that of mammalian ...	1998	9914900
kinematics and muscle dynamics of c- and s-starts of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	an analysis is presented of body curvature, acceleration and muscle strain during fast-starts in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). c- and s-starts were filmed at 200 frames s-1 at 23 degreesc. curvatures and accelerations of mid-body axes were calculated from digitised outlines. maximum accelerations at 0.3 fl (fork length) from the snout were 54 m s-2 for c-starts and 40 m s-2 for s-starts. the total turning angle was approximately 150 degrees in c-starts. this angle was 70 degrees during e ...	1999	9914147
expression of salmon corticotropin-releasing hormone precursor gene in the preoptic nucleus in stressed rainbow trout.	the behavior of genes encoding the corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) precursor in response to stress has not been extensively studied in teleosts. to clarify this problem, crh cdnas were isolated from a hypothalamic cdna library of sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka, by screening with pcr products amplified from the hypothalamic mrna with primers deduced from the sequence of the sucker crh precursor. two types of pcr products with a high degree of sequence homology were identified (crh-i and ...	1999	9882547
sequence and tissue expression of a novel human carbonic anhydrase-related protein, carp-2, mapping to chromosome 19q13.3.	in this study, we report the identification and characterisation of a novel carbonic anhydrase related-protein. we have determined that the full length coding sequence of an anonymous expressed sequenced tag, d19s799e, encodes a novel carbonic anhydrase related-protein (carp-2) that is 328 amino acids in length. this peptide exhibits between 23.1-28.8% amino acid identity with the seven active human carbonic anhydrase (ca) isozymes. four substitutions of key amino acids in the catalytic domain o ...	1998	9878543
cortisol inhibits apoptosis in carp neutrophilic granulocytes.	the direct effect of cortisol treatment on carp neutrophil viability was examined in vitro. cortisol treatment caused an inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis. the effect was blocked by glucocorticoid receptor blocker ru486, showing that rescue from apoptosis was receptor mediated. using binding studies with radioactive cortisol, a single class of glucocorticoid receptors was detected with high affinity (kd = 2.6 nm) and low capacity (497 receptors/cell) for cortisol binding. both in vitro and in v ...	2013	9877437
cortisol induces apoptosis in activated b cells, not in other lymphoid cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio l..	in mammalian t and b cells glucocorticoids (gs) regulate development and selection through induction of apoptosis; more recently gs-induced apoptosis has also been implicated in the removal of circulating, activated t and b cells following an immune response. in an earlier report we have given the first evidence for cortisol-induced apoptosis as an immune regulator in an aquatic vertebrate, the common carp. here we report on subpopulation-specific sensitivity of carp peripheral blood leukocytes ...	2013	9877436
effect of environmental pollutants on the c-reactive protein of a freshwater major carp, catla catla.	c-reactive proteins (crp) have been affinity purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the sera of major carp, catla catla before and after exposure to environmental pollutants. exposure to these pollutants elevate the levels of circulating crps to 2.8-3.5 times the normal values. kinetic studies of metal intoxication indicate that a unique molecular variant of crp is present in the serum at the peak level of acute phase induction, and this variant coexists with normal crps. carbohydrate anal ...	2013	9877434
expression of mhccyca class i and class ii molecules in the early life history of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.)	in this study transcription of class i alpha chain (cyca-ua), beta2-microglobulin (cyca-b2m) and class ii alpha (cyca-dxa) and beta (cyca-dab) during the early stages of embryo development was investigated by semiquantitative pcr. no transcripts of the genes under investigation were detected in the unfertilized egg. the expression of the genes encoding for the class ii molecules revealed to be synchronized starting at day 1, unlike those for the class i molecules. transcription of cyca-b2m was f ...	2006	9877432
cadmium accumulation and metallothionein biosynthesis in cyprinus carpio tissues.		1998	9871009
carp coccidiosis: longevity and transmission of goussia carpelli (apicomplexa: coccidia) in the pond environment.		1998	9868794
two types of mrna encoding myosin regulatory light chain in carp fast skeletal muscle differ in their 3' non-coding regions and expression patterns following temperature acclimation.	cdna clones encoding the myosin regulatory light chain (rlc) were isolated from a cdna library prepared from fast skeletal muscle of the carp cyprinus carpio l. two types of cdna clone encoding carp rlc were found with identical deduced amino acid sequences. the two mrnas differed in the number of polyadenylation signals prior to the poly(a) tail in the 3' non-coding region. the two mrna species, with approximate sizes of 1.4 and 0.8 kilobases, were also observed in northern blot analysis. carp ...	1998	9866874
molecular cloning and developmental expression patterns of the myod and mef2 families of muscle transcription factors in the carp.	cdna clones encoding the myogenic regulatory factors (mrfs) myogenin, myod and myf-5 were isolated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from larvae and embryos of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (mef2) cdnas were identified from a cdna library from adult carp. northern blot analysis showed that myod, myf-5 and mef2c transcripts were present in three-somite embryos, whereas myogenin and mef2a transcripts were not detected until the 15-somite ...	1998	9866873
[blocking effects of benzyltetrahydropalmatine on delayed rectified k+ currents expressed in xenopus oocytes and in toad oocytes].	the effects of benzyltetrahydropalmatine (bthp) on delayed rectified k+ currents (ik) expressed in xenopus oocytes and ik of toad (bufo bufo gargarizans) oocytes were studied. the ik expressed in xenopus oocytes was measured after microinjection of mrna isolated from carp fish (c anratus l.) brains with double -microelectrode voltage clamp technique. the maximum and mean value of ik expressed in xenopus oocytes were 600 na and 360 +/- 104 na, respectively. bthp reduced the current amplitude of i ...	1996	9863258
[the selective suppression of gaba on cone-driven horizontal cells in carp retina].	intracellular recordings were made from horizontal cells in the superfused, isolated carp retina and effects of gaba on rod- and cone-driven horizontal cells were studied. bath-applied gaba (0.5-5 mmol/l) resulted in a hyperpolarization of dark membrane potential and a suppression of light responses of l-type cone horizontal cells. in 7 out of 10 cells tested the effects of gaba were completely blocked by bicuculline, an antagonist of gabaa receptors. in the presence of 0.5 mmol/l co2+, 2 mmol/l ...	1997	9863185
production of a biologically active novel goldfish growth hormone in escherichia coli.	goldfish pituitary contains two types of growth hormones. one with five cysteine residues (type-i) similar to other cyprinid ghs, and the other with four cys residues (type-ii) similar to those of other fish and tertapod species. recombinant goldfish type ii gh (gfgh-ii) was produced in escherichia coli using the prsetb expression vector. the gfgh-ii was produced fused to a leader sequence, which sequestered into inclusion bodies after expression. the inclusion bodies were solubilized using sodi ...	1998	9854813
surgical removal of an undifferentiated abdominal sarcoma from a koi carp (cyprinus carpio).	an undifferentiated abdominal sarcoma was removed surgically from a koi carp. the diagnostic procedures, including radiography and computed tomography, and the procedures for general anaesthesia and the surgical approach for a celiotomy in a fish are described. the gross and microscopic appearance of the tumour is described and illustrated.	1998	9854318
internalization and cytotoxicity are important virulence mechanisms in vibrio-fish epithelial cell interactions.	vibrio anguillarum and vibrio damselae are gram-negative bacteria that cause systemic infections called vibriosis in fish. they can enter fish cells and survive as intracellular parasites. the host-pathogen interactions between these vibrio species and the fish epithelial cell lines epithelioma papillosum of carp (epc) and grunt-fin tissue (gf) cells, were examined using phase-contrast, scanning electron and confocal microscopy. in addition, potential signal transduction pathways that precede ba ...	1998	9846734
concurrent invaders--four exotic species of monogenea now established on exotic freshwater fishes in australia.	four species of exotic monogeneans are reported from five species of exotic freshwater fish in australia: gytrodactylus bullatarudis from poecilia reticulata and xiphophorus helleri in queensland; gyrodactylus macracanthus from misgurnus anguillicaudatus in the australian capital territory; dactylogyrus extensus from cyprinus carpio in the australian capital territory; and dactylogyrus anchoratus from carassius auratus in the australian capital territory. this is the first published record of de ...	1998	9846613
cloning, characterization, and expression in escherichia coli of three creatine kinase muscle isoenzyme cdnas from carp (cyprinus carpio) striated muscle.	in vertebrates, the creatine kinase isoenzyme family consists of four types of isoforms: cytosolic muscle type (m-ck), cytosolic brain type (b-ck), mitochondrial ubiquitous, acidic type (miu-ck), and mitochondrial sarcomeric, basic type (mis-ck). until recently, the existence of more than one subisoform of ck isoenzyme has been demonstrated only in fishes by starch gel electrophoresis. we report herein the isolation of three full-length cdnas that correspond to three closely related creatine kin ...	1998	9837966
characterization of the electrogenic na+ -k+ pump in bipolar cells isolated from carp retina.	the electrogenic na+ -k+ pump current (ip) in carp bipolar cells was investigated under voltage-clamp conditions. the ip was activated in a concentration-dependent manner by adding external k+ (ko+) and was completely suppressed with 10(-4) m ouabain (ec50=1.23 mm; hill coefficient=1.36). the ip was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner by ouabain (ic50=1.90 mm; hill coefficient=0.93). the ip did not show a distinct voltage dependency either with or without na(o)+. a large outward shift ...	1998	9833634
growth hormone, sexual maturity and steroids in male carp (cyprinus carpio).	samples of pituitary, blood plasma and gonad were taken from male carp. the growth hormones (gh) in the pituitary and plasma were measured in fish of various body weights (bw) and degrees of gonad development, and compared with the levels of 17 beta-estradiol (e2), testosterone (t), 17 alpha-hydroprogesterone (17-p), 11-ketotesterone (11-kt) and progesterone (p) in the testes and plasma. the gonadosomatic index increased rapidly with bw from 100 to 600 g, and then decreased at 900 g. the pituita ...	1998	9827061
endocrine regulation of gonadotropin and growth hormone gene transcription in fish.	the pituitary of a number of teleosts contains two gonadotropins (gths) which are produced in distinct populations of cells; the beta subunit of the gth i being found in close proximity to the somatotrophs, while the ii beta cells are more peripheral. in several species the gth beta subunits are expressed at varying levels throughout the reproductive cycle, the i beta dominating in early maturing fish, after which the ii beta becomes predominant. this suggests differential control of the beta su ...	1998	9827005
dopamine receptor subtypes expressed in vertebrate (carp and eel) retinae: cloning, sequencing and comparison of five d1-like and three d2-like receptors.	eight dopamine receptor-like cdna clones were isolated from the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina and four dopamine receptor-like cdna clones were isolated from the european eel (anguilla anguilla) retina. these cdna clones show high sequence and structural homology to the known dopamine receptor subtypes. the sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis revealed that five subtypes (d1a3, d1a4, d1b, d1c and d1x) in the carp retina and four subtypes (d1a1, d1a2, d1b and d1c) in the eel retina are d1 ...	1998	9826915
characterization of gammas-crystallin isoforms from a catfish: evolutionary comparison of various gamma-, gammas-, and beta-crystallins.	gammas-crystallin from catfish eye lenses, formerly designated betas-crystallin in mammalian lenses, is structurally characterized in this study by cdna cloning and sequencing. to facilitate sequence characterization of gammas-crystallin with structural properties lying between beta- and gamma-crystallins, a cdna mixture was constructed from the poly(a)+ mrna isolated from catfish eye lenses, and amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out to obtain nucleotide segments encod ...	1998	9826544
expression and distribution of parotid secretory proteins in experimental diabetes.	previous studies of experimental diabetes have demonstrated changes in the levels of specific salivary proteins. the present study is part of a larger effort aimed at elucidating the mechanism(s) by which insulin regulates salivary protein expression in the rat parotid gland. diabetes was induced in 2-3-month-old male fischer 344 rats by injection of streptozotocin (stz). after 30 days one group of rats was given insulin for 7 days. untreated rats served as controls. as previously observed, paro ...	1998	9825930
identification of cystatin as a component of carp chorion.	an ovary-specific cystatin is immunocytochemically demonstrated to be localized in the chorions, cortical granules, and yolk granules of carp oocytes, as well as in the follicle cells surrounding oocytes. during cortical reaction, cystatin is exocytosed from cortical granules into the perivitelline space. in situ hybridization confirms that cystatin is synthesized by oocytes and follicle cells. western blotting reveals that chorion cystatin appears in multiple bands of high molecular weight (fro ...	1998	9820202
expression and temperature-dependent regulation of the beta2-microglobulin (cyca-b2m) gene in a cold-blooded vertebrate, the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	expression of beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) in the common carp was studied using a polyclonal antibody raised against a recombinant protein obtained from eukaryotic expression of the cyca-b2m gene. beta2m is expressed on peripheral blood ig+ and ig lymphocytes, but not on erythrocytes and thrombocytes. in spleen and pronephros, dull- and bright-positive populations could be identified correlating with the presence of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and mature leucocytes or immature and mature cells f ...	1998	9814583
development and use of genetically uniform strains of common carp in experimental animal research.	fish are widely used in numerous fields of basic and applied research. currently, they are the third laboratory animal group in numbers, and will become increasingly important. common carp is a major species in both aquaculture and research. inbred strains of carp by gynogenetic (only female inheritance) and androgenetic (only male inheritance) reproduction techniques were developed at our university. with these methods, homozygous animals are produced in one generation and we present the produc ...	1998	9807748
cloning and expression of two proopiomelanocortin mrnas in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	proopiomelanocortin (pomc) is the precursor for a number of biologically active peptides such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and beta-endorphin. it is well known that these peptides are involved in the stress response in fish as well as in mammals. we have cloned two different carp pomc cdnas called, pomc-i and pomc-ii. the nucleotide sequences of 955 bp for pomc-i and 959 bp for pomc-ii share 93.5% identity in their cdnas, and the deduced ...	1998	9806347
ectoparasitic species of the genus trichodina (ciliophora: peritrichida) parasitising british freshwater fish.	seven species of the genus trichodina ehrenberg, 1838 were identified during a sampling programme of twenty freshwater fish species from approximately sixty sites in scotland, england and wales. species found include: trichodina acuta lom, 1961 from cyprinus carpio l., carassius auratus l., oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), salmo trutta l. and phoxinus phoxinus l.; trichodina domerguei wallengren, 1897 from gasterosteus aculeatus l.; trichodina tenuidens faure-fremiet, 1944 from gasterosteus aculea ...	1998	9805782
purification of carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatopancreatic lactate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.27).	lactate dehydrogenase (ldh, ec 1.1.1.27) was isolated in 86% purity from carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatopancreas using agarose t-gel (mercaptoethanol bound to agarose via divinylsulphone) affinity chromatography medium and iontosorb phenyl hydrophobic chromatography medium. gel filtration chromatography of the ldh obtained shows molecular weight to be 26,900 da.	1998	9805350
partial trisomy of chromosome 6q: an interstitial duplication of the long arm.	we report on a 5-year-old girl with a de novo interstitial duplication of chromosome 6q21-q23 and delayed development and speech with distinctive minor facial anomalies including a "carp" mouth. fluorescence in situ hybridization using a chromosome 6 paint probe confirms that the extra material is of chromosome 6 origin. this further delineates the dup(6q) syndrome and the manifestations due to the specific duplicated chromosomal region involved.	1998	9805129
expression and localization in the fish retina of a homologue of the alzheimer's related ps1 gene.	early-onset familial alzheimer's disease (early-onset fad) has been linked with mutations in the presenilin gene, ps1. mutations in ps1 may affect the processing/ trafficking of beta-amyloid precursor-protein (betaapp) and favour the production of toxic amyloid-beta fragments that are associated with neural degeneration. this study reports the expression of a ps1-like cdna in the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina (the encoded protein shows 76% identity to the human ps1 protein). carp ps1 mrna was lo ...	1998	9804326
transcriptional activities in the pituitaries of channel catfish before and after induced ovulation by injection of carp pituitary extract as revealed by expressed sequence tag analysis.	expressed sequence tag (est) analysis was adopted to address physiological changes after injection of carp pituitary extract for induction of ovulation. ests were analyzed from cdna libraries constructed from mrna isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) pituitaries before and after induction of ovulation by injection of carp pituitary extract. one hundred randomly picked clones were analyzed. of the sequences generated, a large percentage (59%) of ests were identified as known genes ...	1998	9801455
astroglial architecture of the carp (cyprinus carpio) brain as revealed by immunohistochemical staining against glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap).	the present paper is the first comprehensive study on the astroglia of a teleost fish that is based on the immunohistochemical staining of gfap (glial fibrillary acidic protein, an immunohistochemical marker of astroglia). the ray-finned fishes (actinopterygii) and their largest group, the teleostei, represent a separate pathway of vertebrate evolution. their brain has a very complex macroscopic structure; several parts either have no equivalents in tetrapods or have a very different shape, e.g. ...	1998	9801060
differential expression of two pro-opiomelanocortin mrnas during temperature stress in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) is the precursor of a number of biologically active peptides, including adrenocorticotropic hormone, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin, which are released by the pituitary glands of fish as well as mammals. to quantify the levels of expression of the two pomc mrnas relative to one another during the response of the common carp to temperature-induced stress, we used reverse transcriptase pcr combined with capillary electrophoresis and laser-induce ...	1998	9795345
two diverged complement factor b/c2-like cdna sequences from a teleost, the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	mammalian complement components factor b and c2 act as proteolytic subunits of the c3 convertases in the alternative and the classical activation pathways, respectively, and are believed to have diverged from a common ancestor by gene duplication. however, it is unclear when the b/c2 duplication occurred. here, we describe two diverged b/c2-like cdna clones (b/c2-a and b/c2-b) isolated from a bony fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio). b/c2-a shares the same domain structure as the factor b an ...	1998	9794413
changes of intestinal epithelial structure and cell turnover in carp cyprinus carpio infected with goussia carpelli (protozoa: apicomplexa).	epithelial cell turnover in the intestine of common carp cyprinus carpio infected with the coccidian parasite goussia carpelli (leger & stankovitch, 1921) was investigated during laboratory infection using histological and electron microscopical techniques. during the development of the parasite an increased number of mitotic enterocytes, identified by bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) uptake, were observed at the base of infected mucosal folds. during the merogonic and gamogonic development of the paras ...	1998	9789977
masp1 (mbl-associated serine protease 1).	mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is a serum component which participates in innate immunity by activating complement via a novel pathway. human mbl forms complexes with two types of serine proteases termed masp (mbl-associated serine protease). these two proteases, masp1 and masp2, are structurally similar to one another as well as to c1r and c1s. together, masp, c1r and c1s constitute a novel serine protease family. it is likely that human masp1 is able to activate c3, while human masp2 cleaves c4, ...	1998	9777417
strong synergism between gaba(a) and glycine receptors on isolated carp third-order neurons.	a strong synergistic interaction between the bicuculline-sensitive gaba receptor (gaba(a) receptor) and the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor was observed in third-order neurons acutely isolated from crucian carp retina, with the use of the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique. in 58 of 153 cells, 10 microm gaba or glycine separately applied to amacrine/ganglion cells failed to induce any responses or only induced small currents (<20 pa), while co-application of these two chemicals res ...	1998	9760138
modulation of drug-metabolizing systems by bacterial endotoxin in carp liver and immune organs.	this report describes a study of the effects of bacterial endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (lps)] on cytochrome p450 levels and ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities in liver and two main immune organs of carp: spleen and head kidney. also studied was the paucity of the carp drug-metabolizing system in an environment subject to pollution by a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 3-methylcholanthrene (3mc), when fish respond to an immune activation by lipopol ...	1998	9756707
toxicity of ozone to fish larvae and daphnia magna.	ozone can be used as an alternative to chlorination to control biofouling in cooling water systems. the possible negative environmental impact of a discharge of ozone-containing cooling water was investigated. the acute toxicity of dissolved ozone was determined for fish larvae of three species [cyprinus carpio (at 27 degrees c), leuciscus idus (at 27 degrees c) and clarias gariepinus (at 32 degrees c)] and to daphnia magna (at 21 and 27 degrees c). the results indicate that ozone is very harmfu ...	1998	9756705
impact assessment of a wastewater treatment plant effluent using the fish biomarker ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase: field and on-site experiments.	the impact of a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluent was assessed with the fish biomarker ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) using field and on-site laboratory experiments. erod activity was measured in chub (leuciscus cephalus) and stone loach (noemacheilus barbatulus) caught at three sites of the chalaronne river (southeast france). liver somatic index (lsi) and organochloride bioaccumulation in muscle were estimated for chub only. in september, erod activity and lsi of chub increased s ...	1998	9756685
two types of mrna encoding myosin regulatory light chain in carp fast skeletal muscle differ in their 3' non-coding regions and expression patterns following temperature acclimation.	cdna clones encoding the myosin regulatory light chain (rlc) were isolated from a cdna library prepared from fast skeletal muscle of the carp cyprinus carpio l. two types of cdna clone encoding carp rlc were found with identical deduced amino acid sequences. the two mrnas differed in the number of polyadenylation signals prior to the poly(a) tail in the 3' non-coding region. the two mrna species, with approximate sizes of 1.4 and 0.8 kilobases, were also observed in northern blot analysis. carp ...	1998	9739064
molecular cloning and developmental expression patterns of the myod and mef2 families of muscle transcription factors in the carp.	cdna clones encoding the myogenic regulatory factors (mrfs) myogenin, myod and myf-5 were isolated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from larvae and embryos of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (mef2) cdnas were identified from a cdna library from adult carp. northern blot analysis showed that myod, myf-5 and mef2c transcripts were present in three-somite embryos, whereas myogenin and mef2a transcripts were not detected until the 15-somite ...	1998	9739063
organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in agricultural waters and cholinesterase (che) inhibition in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	cholinesterase (che) activity was used as a biomarker for assessing exposure of common carp (cyprinus carpio) to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides from irrigated agricultural waters. carp were collected from a lake (royal lake) that receives most of its water from irrigation return flows and from a reference lake (billy clapp lake) outside of the irrigation system. results indicated that the mean whole-brain che activity of carp from royal lake (3.47 micromol/min/g tissue) was 34.2% les ...	1998	9732468
activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in erythrocytes and transaminases in the plasma of carps (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to cadmium.	total superoxide dismutase (sod, ec 1.15.1.1) and catalase (cat, ec 1.11.1.6) activities in erythrocytes and the glutamic acid-oxalacetic acid-transaminase (got, ec 2.6.1.1) and glutamic acid-pyruvic acid-transaminase (gpt, ec 2.6.1.2) activities in the plasma were measured in experimental groups of carps (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to cadmium in a concentration of 20 mg cd/l water under aquarium conditions for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours and in control fishes. it was shown that the total activity o ...	1997	9728486
effect of seasonal acclimatization on the expression of the carp transcription factor pit-1.	we isolated a clone comprising four exons of the carp pit-1 gene. using synthetic oligonucleotide probes derived from the carp pit-1 sequence pit-1 expression was assessed by in situ hybridization in pituitary sections from summer- and winter-acclimatized carp. semiquantitative analyses of the hybridization signals revealed a significant higher pit-1 expression in the proximal pars distalis (ppd) and pars intermedia (pi) of the pituitary glands from summer-acclimatized carp, compared to the wint ...	1998	9713706
occurrence of skrjabillanid nematodes in fishes of hungary and in the intermediate host, argulus foliaceus l.	histozoic and coelozoic skrjabillanid-type nematodes belonging to the genera skrjabillanus, molnaria, sinoichthyonema, esocinema, daniconema and lucionema are recorded from the subcutaneous tissues, fins, swimbladder and abdominal cavity of different fish species living in natural waters and fish farms of hungary. in addition to the nine taxonomically identified parasite species, one skrjabillanus sp., two molnaria spp. and three esocinema spp. were identified to the genus level only. the histoz ...	1998	9713146
imaging a spinal fracture in a kohaku koi (cyprinus carpio): techniques and case history report.	an ornamental pet fish was diagnosed with a spinal fracture and subluxation involving truncal vertebrae 5 and 6 (t5-t6) using conventional radiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and computed tomography. attempts to evaluate the dynamic nature of the lesion using conventional fluoroscopy in the unanesthetized, moving patient were unsuccessful. adaptation of imaging techniques to accommodate a fish patient was not difficult and diagnostic images were obtained. the use of multiple imaging techniques wa ...	2016	9710134
effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its metabolites, cyclo(his-pro) and trh-oh, on growth hormone and prolactin synthesis in primary cultured pituitary cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio.	the effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) and its metabolites, cyclo(his-pro) and trh-oh, on growth hormone (gh) and prolactin (prl) synthesis were investigated using primary cultured pituitary cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. the effects of these pep tides on gh and prl were compared to those of human gh-releasing hormone (hghrh) and somatostatin (somatotropin-releasing inhibiting factor; srif). gh and prl synthesis were determined by measuring the incorporation of [3h]leucin ...	1998	9707485
studies on the occurrence of actinosporean stages of fish myxosporeans in a fish farm of hungary, with the description of triactinomyxon, raabeia, aurantiactinomyxon and neoactinomyxon types.	actinosporean infection of the oligochaete fauna living in the mud and on the vegetation of fish ponds used for rearing common carp in polyculture was studied during a one-year survey at a fish farm in hungary, located south of budapest. twenty-eight actinospore types were isolated from the oligochaetes tubifex tubifex, branchiura a sowerbyi, limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, nais elinguis, and stylaria lacustris collected during the survey, which could be classified into the triactinomyxon, raabeia, au ...	1998	9704528
distinctive catalytic actions of carp dipeptidases from ordinary muscle and intestine.	although carp muscular and intestinal dipeptidases are metalloenzymes acting only on dipeptides, some structural and enzymatic differences occur between them. the present study verifies distinctive actions during dipeptide hydrolysis by these enzymes in terms of their kinetic characterization. the intestinal enzyme was differentially inhibited by edta and 1,10-phenanthroline, whereas these compounds induced a similar level inhibition of the muscular enzyme. the km and vmax values of both enzymes ...	1998	9701637
purification and characterization of a novel dipeptidase from carp ordinary muscle.	a novel dipeptidase was purified to homogeneity from the crude extract of carp ordinary muscle with an increase in specific activity of 4041-fold and a 4% recovery rate. the enzyme was determined to have molecular weights of 54,000 after reduction and 106,000 without reduction, indicating that it is composed of two sulfide-linking molecules of subunit peptide chains of identical molar size. the optimum hydrolysis ph and temperature of the enzyme were evaluated by l-leucine-glycine to be ph 8.5 a ...	1998	9701633
desensitization of ampa receptors on horizontal cells isolated from crucian carp retina.	in horizontal cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we recorded the whole-cell responses to rapid application of glutamate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (ampa) and kainate. currents induced by glutamate and ampa, but not by kainate, usually showed extremely rapid desensitization. 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-methylcarbamyl- 4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydro-5h-2,3-benzodiazepine (gyki 53655), a selective ampa receptor antagonist, was fou ...	1998	9700718
heat-shock proteins expression in fish central nervous system and its possible relation with water acidosis resistance.	the expression of 70 and 60-kda heat-shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp60) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical methods, was studied in fish neural tissue; moreover the possible correlation between the expression of these proteins in neural tissue and fish acidosis resistance was also examined. the hsp gfap content was analyzed in four different teleostean fish species (gourami, carp, goldfish and trout) under control conditions and in carp ...	1998	9700715
[the effect of sds, sodium dodecyl sulfate, on the metabolism and swimming capacity of cyprinus carpio].	synthetic agents are important sources of pollution in brazil, especially in the large urban centers. of these, sds has been largely employed as a reference substance in toxicity tests with aquatic organisms. studies on the effect of this substance on the physiology and behavior of fish are scanty. in this study the metabolism and swimming capacity of cyprinus carpio, at a given swimming velocity (10.15 cm/sec), were analyzed in relation to acute exposition to different concentrations of sds (1 ...	1998	9697654
occurrence and significance of atypical aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species: a review.	bacterial strains of aeromonas salmonicida included in the recognized subsp. acromogenes, subsp. masoucida, and subsp. smithia in addition to the large number of strains not included in any of the described subspecies are referred to as atypical a. salmonicida. the atypical strains form a very heterogeneous group with respect to biochemical characteristics, growth conditions, and production of extracellular proteasess. consequently, the present taxonomy of the species a. salmonicida is rather am ...	1998	9696626
identification and characterization of a receptor from goldfish specific for a teleost growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptide.	in mammals, growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh), acting via the ghrh receptor, plays an important role in the regulation of growth hormone (gh) synthesis and secretion as well as the proliferation and differentiation of somatotropes in the pituitary. in fishes, information concerning the functional role of the characterized ghrhs is limited. for that reason, a putative goldfish ghrh receptor cdna was characterized in this study. the receptor cdna is 2,243 bp in length, encoding a 438-amino-a ...	1998	9695938
estimation of the mutagenic potential of the trematode opisthorchis felineus in experimentally infected guinea pigs.	we studied the mutagenic potential of the trematode opisthorchis felineus in experimentally infected guinea pigs by chromosome analysis. the investigation was conducted on 30 treated (experimentally infected) and 20 normal (uninfected) guinea pigs (cavia porcellus). a sample of living metacercariae of o. felineus was obtained from the muscle of naturally infected crucian carp captured in the tom river, and 1 ml suspension containing approximately 50 metacercariae in 0.9% nacl solution was indivi ...	1998	9694374
characterization of the electrogenic na+-k+ pump in horizontal cells isolated from the carp retina.	the electrogenic na+-k+ pump current in horizontal cells acutely dissociated from the carp retina was investigated using a nystatin-perforated patch recording configuration under voltage-clamp conditions. in the presence of suitable blockers for known voltage-dependent na+, k+ and ca2+ conductances, the pump current was activated in a concentration-dependent manner by adding k+ ions to external solution. the ec50 value and hill coefficient for the external k+ concentration were 0.66 mm and 1.39, ...	1998	9692757
distribution of macrophages during fish development: an immunohistochemical study in carp (cyprinus carpio, l.).	a monoclonal antibody against carp macrophages (wcl15) has been utilised in flow cytometry, immuno-histochemistry and immuno-electron microscopy to assess the distribution of monocytes/macrophages in developing carp lymphoid tissues. in suspensions of living cells wcl15 reacted strongly with cytoplasm and plasmic membrane of macrophages. it also cross-reacted with a subpopulation of thrombocytes, but this reaction could be neglected by double immunostaining in combination with a thrombocyte-spec ...	1998	9683065
brightness perceptive space in monkeys (rhesus macaques).	operant differentiation was used to study black/white stimulus intensity discrimination (over the range 1-37 cd/m2; cie-31 coordinates x = 0.340, y = 0.304) in two monkeys (rhesus macaques). confusion matrices were constructed from the probabilities that animals would make operant responses when required to select from pairs (a conditioned stimulus and one of 9 differentiation stimuli) of stimuli in 10 series of experiments with conditioned stimuli of 10 intensities. correlation matrices for vec ...	1998	9682233
influence of dioxin and metal-contaminated sediment on phase i and ii biotransformation enzymes in silver crucian carp.	several biochemical responses were measured in silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) after exposure to sediments obtained from contaminated ya-er lake, no. 1 pond, and an unpolluted reference site, honglian lake. after 1 week of exposure, a significant induction of the phase i biotransformation enzyme (ethoxylresorufin-o-deethylase, erod) was found (83-fold of control), whereas the phase ii biotransformation enzyme (glutathione s-transferase, gst) exhibited a slight, but significant in ...	1998	9679686
phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament epitopes are co-distributed in the fish mauthner axon.	the neurofilament (nf) polypeptides of the fish giant mauthner cell axons (mas) and their degree of phosphorylation were investigated in the adult by means of immunoblot and immunohistochemical staining. fasciculus longitudinalis medialis (flm) axons of much smaller caliber, among which mas run in the ventral spinal cord, were also analyzed in two teleost fish belonging to continuously growing species. to detect nf polypeptide subunits, commercially available monoclonal antibodies against mammal ...	1998	9678896
pyrh-encoded ump-kinase directly participates in pyrimidine-specific modulation of promoter activity in escherichia coli.	the carab operon of the enterics escherichia coli k-12 and salmonella typhimurium lt2, encoding the sole carbamoylphosphate synthetase (cpsase) of these organisms, is transcribed from two promoters in tandem, carp1 upstream and carp2 downstream, repressed respectively by pyrimidines and arginine. we present evidence that the pyrh gene product (the hexameric ump-kinase) directly participates in the pyrimidine-specific control of carp1 activity. indeed, we have isolated in e. coli a particular typ ...	1998	9677289
expression and localization in the fish retina of a homologue of the alzheimer's related ps1 gene.	early-onset familial alzheimer's disease (early-onset fad) has been linked with mutations in the presenilin gene, ps1. mutations in ps1 may affect the processing/trafficking of b-amyloid precursor-protein (bapp) and favour the production of toxic amyloid-b fragments that are associated with neural degeneration. this study reports the expression of a ps1-like cdna in the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina (the encoded protein shows 76% identity to the human ps1 protein). carp ps1 mrna was localized by ...	1998	9674592
common culture practices for cyprinids in asia.	cyprinids are the largest group of cultured freshwater fish and thus the most important from the aspect of fish-borne parasitic zoonoses. the common practices employed in the culture of this group are described to provide background information which may be used in the formulation of strategies for the control of these zoonoses. only the common carp is cultured in monoculture: all the rest of the carp species are usually cultured in polyculture systems incorporating several species. polyculture ...	1997	9656353
application of hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) as a possible control measure for opisthorchis viverrini infection in cultured carp (puntius gonionotus).	opisthorchiasis due to opisthorchis viverrini and transmitted through infected freshwater cyprinoid fish (carps) affects more than 8 million people in thailand, people's democratic republic of lao, and vietnam. the hazard analysis critical control point (haccp)-concept has been recommended by fao and who to be included in programs to control foodborne trematode infections (fbt). haccp is a multifactorial approach to control food hazards through surveillance of diseases, foods, and operations and ...	1997	9656352