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correct intron splicing generates a new type of a putative zinc-binding domain in a transcriptional activator of aspergillus nidulans.alcr is the pathway-specific transcriptional activator of the ethanol regulon in the filamentous fungus, aspergillus nidulans. the deduced amino acid sequence of a cdna clone, including the 5' part of the alcr-mrna, shows that a putative zn-binding domain of the all-cysteine class, exemplified by gal4 is present. this structure presents some striking features. at variance with other structures of this class, the binding domain is strongly asymmetrical. model building indicates that the zinc-bind ...19912053973
molecular cloning and characterization of the arod gene encoding 3-dehydroquinase from salmonella typhi.the arod gene from salmonella typhi, encoding 5-dehydroquinate hydrolyase (3-dehydroquinase), has been cloned into escherichia coli and the dna sequence determined. the arod gene was isolated from a cosmid gene bank by complementation of an s. typhimurium arod mutant. analysis of the dna sequence revealed the presence of an open reading frame capable of encoding a protein of 252 amino acids with a calculated mr of 27706. comparison of the deduced s. typhi 3-dehydroquinase protein sequence with t ...19912045778
the amdr product and a ccaat-binding factor bind to adjacent, possibly overlapping dna sequences in the promoter region of the aspergillus nidulans amds gene.the amds gene of aspergillus nidulans is regulated by a number of positively acting regulatory genes which act additively and independently. using gel mobility shift assays with crude nuclear extracts we show here that the product of one of these regulatory genes, the amdr gene, binds to dna fragments containing part of the promoter region of the amds gene. this confirms the earlier prediction from dna sequence data that amdr encodes a dna-binding protein containing a cysteine-rich 'zinc finger' ...19912041742
adenylate kinase isoenzymes in aspergillus nidulans.adenylate kinase isoenzymes localised in the mitochondria and in the cytosol have been detected in extracts of glucose-grown aspergillus nidulans using specific staining after electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. the isoenzymes have similar km values for amp, adp and mgatp2- but may differ in the mechanism used for internucleotide phosphate transfer.19912040420
ph regulation of penicillin production in aspergillus nidulans.as shown by both bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) analysis, penicillin g production by aspergillus nidulans is subject to regulation by the ph of the growth medium. penicillin titres were highest at alkaline ph and in strains carrying mutations in the regulatory gene pacc which mimics the effects of growth at alkaline ph. they were lowest at acid ph and in strains carrying mutations in the pala, palb, palc, pale or palf genes which mimic the effects of growth at acid p ...19912037230
heterologous transformation of cochliobolus lunatus.a dna mediated transformation system has been developed for the filamentous fungus cochliobolus lunatus. transformants were obtained by using plasmid pan 7-1 carrying the escherichia coli hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene (hph) fused to an aspergillus nidulans promoter. the integration of plasmid pan 7-1 into the fungal genome altered the ability of this microorganism to transform progesterone.19912037226
glycerol catabolism in aspergillus nidulans.glycerol is catabolized in aspergillus nidulans by glycerol kinase and a mitochondrial fad-dependent sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. the levels of both enzymes are controlled by carbon catabolite repression and by specific induction. biochemical and genetical analyses show that dihydroxyacetone and d-glyceraldehyde are converted into glycerol and then catabolized by the same pathway. d-glyceraldehyde can be reduced by nadp(+)-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase or by alcohol dehydrogenase i, ...19912033381
isolation and nucleotide sequence of the aspergillus restrictus gene coding for the ribonucleolytic toxin restrictocin and its expression in aspergillus nidulans: the leader sequence protects producing strains from suicide.we describe the cloning and characterization of the gene coding for the ribotoxin restrictocin, from aspergillus restrictus (gene res, embl accession number x56176). this toxin is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in eucaryotes and is of potential interest as a component of immunotoxins. to analyze the mechanism of self-protection in the producing organism, the res gene was cloned into the vector pfb39 and introduced into aspergillus nidulans. the secretion of active restrictocin from tran ...19912020539
regulation of invertase in aspergillus nidulans: effect of different carbon sources.aspergillus nidulans produces an extracellular beta-d-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase (invertase) when grown on a medium containing the beta-fructofuranosides sucrose or raffinose, indicating that synthesis is subject to induction by the substrate. on a growth medium containing sucrose, production was maximal at 15 h in cultures incubated at 28 c degrees. after this time the level of detectable invertase in the cultures declined. a proportion of the enzyme was secreted during the linear growth ...19912016586
ecotoxicological aspects of aspergilli present in the phylloplane of stored leaves of chewing tobacco (nicotiana tobaccum).nine different species of aspergillus were isolated from the phylloplane of stored chewing tobacco (nicotiana tobaccum) of different ages. the maximum number of species were isolated from 12 and 18 month old leaves. a. ruber, a. ochraceus, a. flavus and a. nidulans were usually associated with older leaves while a. niger, a. fumigatus and a. flavus were isolated from 6 month old leaves. approximately 18% of aspergilli were found to be mycotoxigenic. sterigmatocystin was produced by three differe ...19912014047
an autonomously replicating plasmid transforms aspergillus nidulans at high frequency.from an unstable aspergillus nidulans colony, resulting from transformation with an a. nidulans gene bank, a plasmid was reisolated which transformed a. nidulans at a frequency of 20,000 transformants per 10(6) protoplasts at near saturation levels of transforming dna. this represents a 250-fold enhancement of transformation efficiency over that found for typical integrative vectors such as pilj16, the plasmid used in gene bank constructions. the plasmid, designated arp1, is 11.5 kb in size, and ...19912013411
cloning and characterization of an amidase gene from rhodococcus species n-774 and its expression in escherichia coli.for investigation of an unknown open reading frame which is present upstream of the nitrile hydratase (nhase) gene from rhodococcus sp. n-774, a longer dna fragment covering the entire gene was cloned in escherichia coli. nucleotide sequencing and detailed subcloning experiments predicted a single open reading frame consisting of 521 amino acid residues of mr 54,671. the amino acid sequence, especially its nh2-terminal portion, showed significant homology with those of indoleacetamide hydrolases ...19912001397
molecular cloning and functional characterization of the pathway-specific regulatory gene nira, which controls nitrate assimilation in aspergillus nidulans.we have cloned an 11-kbp segment of the genomic dna of aspergillus nidulans which complements mutations in nira, the pathway-specific regulatory gene of the nitrate assimilation pathway. gene disruption in the corresponding region of the nuclear dna leads to a phenotype and a gene complementation pattern indistinguishable from that observed in known noninducible nira mutants. transformation studies with subclones of the 11-kbp genomic segment showed that a nonreverting null mutation nira87, maps ...19911990284
crna encodes a nitrate transporter in aspergillus nidulans.the nucleotide sequence of the aspergillus nidulans crna gene for the transport of the anion nitrate has been determined. the crna gene specifies a predicted polypeptide of 483 amino acids (molecular weight 51,769). a hydropathy plot suggests that this polypeptide has 10 membrane-spanning helices with an extensive hydrophilic region between helices six and seven. no striking homology was observed between the crna protein and other reported membrane proteins of either prokaryotic or eukaryotic or ...19911986367
aspergillus nidulans weta activates spore-specific gene expression.the aspergillus nidulans weta gene is required for synthesis of cell wall layers that make asexual spores (conidia) impermeable. in weta mutant strains, conidia take up water and autolyze rather than undergoing the final stages of maturation. weta is activated during conidiogenesis by sequential expression of the brla and abaa regulatory genes. to determine whether weta regulates expression of other sporulation-specific genes, its coding region was fused to a nutritionally regulated promoter tha ...19911986246
restriction fragment length polymorphisms in isolates of aspergillus fumigatus probed with part of the intergenic spacer region from the ribosomal rna gene complex of aspergillus nidulans.differences in restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) have been detected in isolates of aspergillus fumigatus. genomic dna from 11 isolates was digested with ecori, separated by electrophoresis, southern blotted and probed with dna from the intergenic spacer or non-transcribed spacer region of the rrna gene complex of aspergillus nidulans. three distinct rflp patterns were detected which differed from the control patterns observed with a. nidulans, aspergillus flavus and aspergillus n ...19901980128
sequences of isopenicillin n synthetase genes suggest horizontal gene transfer from prokaryotes to eukaryotes.evolutionary distances between bacterial and fungal isopenicillin n synthetase (ipns) genes have been compared to distances between the corresponding 5s rrna genes. the presence of sequences homologous to the ipns gene has been examined in dnas from representative prokaryotic organisms and ascomycotina. the results of both analyses strongly support two different events of horizontal transfer of the ipns gene from bacteria to filamentous fungi. this is the first example of such a type of transfer ...19901979440
premeiotic disruption of the neurospora crassa malate synthase gene by native and divergent dnas.repeat-induced point mutation (rip) has been used to generate new mutations in the previously uncharacterised gene for malate synthase in neurospora crassa. molecular clones carrying the am (nadp-glutamate dehydrogenase) gene and the malate synthase gene from either n. crassa or aspergillus nidulans have been introduced into neurospora as ectopic duplicate copies by transformation, selecting for the am+ function in a deletion host. a number of meiotic progeny derived from these transformants wer ...19901979142
use of nuclear dna restriction fragment length polymorphisms to analyze the diversity of the aspergillus flavus group: a. flavus, a. parasiticus, and a. nomius.recombinant dna clones carrying high-copy or low-copy sequences from aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa were used to identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) diagnostic for members of the a. flavus group: a. flavus, a. parasiticus, and a. nomius. these fungi were resolved into three distinct categories when they were grouped according to rflp patterns. subgroups within these categories were also evident. this limited rflp analysis of nuclear dna of members of the a. fla ...19901976300
restriction enzyme analysis of mitochondrial dna of the aspergillus flavus group: a. flavus, a. parasiticus, and a. nomius.mitochondrial dna restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified that clearly distinguish aspergillus flavus, a. parasiticus, and a. nomius. mitochondrial dnas of a. flavus and a. parasiticus were found to be circular, and their size was estimated size to be 32 kilobases. a restriction map was constructed for the mitochondrial genome of an a. parasiticus isolate by using four restriction endonucleases. four genes tested were found to have the same order as in the mitochondrial genome ...19901976299
comparison and cross-species expression of the acetyl-coa synthetase genes of the ascomycete fungi, aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa.the genes encoding the acetate-inducible enzyme acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase from neurospora crassa and aspergillus nidulans (acu-5 and faca, respectively) have been cloned and their sequences compared. the predicted amino acid sequence of the aspergillus enzyme has 670 amino acid residues and that of the neurospora enzyme either 626 or 606 residues, depending upon which of the two possible initiation codons is used. the amino acid sequences following the second alternative aug show 86% homology ...19901972535
the regulatory gene area mediating nitrogen metabolite repression in aspergillus nidulans. mutations affecting specificity of gene activation alter a loop residue of a putative zinc finger.the regulatory gene area mediating nitrogen metabolite repression in aspergillus nidulans has been sequenced and its transcript mapped and orientated. a single orf can encode a protein of 719 amino acids. a 52 amino acid region including a putative 'zinc finger' strongly resembles putative dna binding regions of the major regulatory protein of erythroid cells. the derived protein sequence also contains a highly acidic region possibly involved in gene activation and 22 copies of the motif s(t)pxx ...19901970293
cell biology. never-in-mitosis in mitosis. 19911944528
the influence of solvent stress on mms-induced genetic change in saccharomyces cerevisiae.mms induced mitotic recombination but not mitotic chromosome loss when tested in pure form in strain d61.m of saccharomyces cerevisiae, confirming previous results of albertini (1991), whereas in aspergillus nidulans it also induced chromosomal malsegregation in addition to mitotic recombination (käfer, 1988). however, induction of mitotic chromosome loss was observed in combination with strong inducers of chromosome loss such as the aprotic polar solvents ethyl acetate and to a lesser extent me ...19911944341
analysis of aspergillus nidulans conidial antigens and their prevalence in other aspergillus species.aspergillus nidulans is an ascomycetous fungus that reproduces asexually by forming multicellular conidiophores and uninucleate spores called conidia. these elements constitute the main vehicle for the transmission of this and other pathogenic aspergillus species and are the starting point of the different forms of aspergillosis. in order to use a. nidulans as a potential source of useful antigens for the immunodiagnosis of these diseases, we have examined the total protein composition of conidi ...19911937806
the tubb alpha-tubulin gene is essential for sexual development in aspergillus nidulans.the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans has two genes encoding alpha-tubulin, tuba and tubb. mutational analysis of tuba has demonstrated that the tuba gene is essential for mitosis and nuclear migration. in this study we have deleted the tubb gene by replacing it with a selectable marker and have named this new allele tubb delta. the results demonstrate that the tubb gene is not required for vegetative growth or asexual reproduction, nor is it required for the initiation or early stages of ...19911936991
transformation of aspergillus terreus with the hygromycin b resistance marker from escherichia coli.aspergillus terreus was transformed to hygromycin b resistance using a bacterial resistance gene under the control of aspergillus nidulans regulatory sequences. southern hybridization of transformants indicated that in most of the cases the vector dna was integrated into the recipient chromosome in the form of tandem arrays. transformants were mitotically stable in both selective and non-selective medium and retained their capacity to produce xylanase or glucoamylase activities.19911936947
structure of the aspergillus niger pela gene and its expression in aspergillus niger and aspergillus nidulans.aspergillus niger pectin lyases are encoded by a multigene family. the complete nucleotide sequence of the pectin lyase pla-encoding gene pela has been determined. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with the deduced amino acid sequence of the other characterized pectin lyase, pld, shows that the proteins share 69% amino acid identity. when grown on media with pectin as the sole carbon source, a. niger transformants containing multiple copies of the pela gene show raised mrna levels an ...19911934134
cloning, sequencing and expression of the schwanniomyces occidentalis nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase gene.the cloned nadp-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes of aspergillus nidulans (gdha) and neurospora crassa (am) have been shown to hybridize under reduced stringency conditions to genomic sequences of the yeast schwanniomyces occidentalis. using 5' and 3' gene-specific probes, a unique 5.1 kb bcli restriction fragment that encompasses the entire schwanniomyces sequence has been identified. a recombinant clone bearing the unique bcli fragment has been isolated from a pool of enriched clone ...19911934128
hygromycin- and paromomycin-resistant mutants of aspergillus nidulans alter translational fidelity.mutants of aspergillus nidulans resistant to the aminoglycoside antibiotics paromomycin and hygromycin b have been isolated and their growth characteristics are described here. most paromomycin mutants were cross-resistant to hygromycin and geneticin. all the hygromycin-resistant mutants were slightly cross-resistant to geneticin. out of the 15 mutants tested 14 had drug-resistant ribosomes in vitro and all 12 of those investigated further had reduced levels of translational misreading. five new ...19911934127
genome analysis of imperfect fungi: electrophoretic karyotyping and characterization of the nuclear gene coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) of curvularia lunata.the gene coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) has been isolated from a genomic library of the filamentous fungus curvularia lunata. the coding region of this gene consists of 1014 nucleotides and is interrupted by four introns. the gpd gene product shows a high degree of sequence identity with the corresponding proteins of various species belonging to both taxonomically related (e.g., aspergillus nidulans), as well as more divergent, taxa. using contour-clamped homogeneous e ...19911934112
nira, the pathway-specific regulatory gene of nitrate assimilation in aspergillus nidulans, encodes a putative gal4-type zinc finger protein and contains four introns in highly conserved regions.the nucleotide sequence of nira, mediating nitrate induction in aspergillus nidulans, has been determined. alignment of the cdna and the genomic dna sequence indicates that the gene contains four introns and encodes a protein of 892 amino acids. the deduced nira protein displays all characteristics of a transcriptional activator. a putative double-stranded dna-binding domain in the amino-terminal part comprises six cysteine residues, characteristic for the gal4 family of zinc finger proteins. an ...19911922075
analysis of the crea gene, a regulator of carbon catabolite repression in aspergillus nidulans.the complete nucleotide sequence derived from a genomic clone and two cdna clones of the crea gene of aspergillus nidulans is presented. the gene contains no introns. the derived polypeptide of 415 amino acids contains two zinc fingers of the c2h2 class, frequent s(t)pxx motifs, and an alanine-rich region indicative of a dna-binding repressor protein. the amino acid sequence of the zinc finger region has 84% similarity to the zinc finger region of mig1, a protein involved in carbon catabolite re ...19911922072
pulsed field gel electrophoresis reveals chromosome length differences between strains of cladosporium fulvum (syn. fulvia fulva).methods are described for the electrophoretic separation of chromosome-sized dna molecules from the fungal tomato pathogen cladosporium fulvum (syn. fulvia fulva). using a hexagonal electrode array and switching times of 75 min at 45 v for 14 days, nine bands could be resolved. by comparison with co-electrophoresed aspergillus nidulans chromosomal dna (which was resolved into seven bands), the sizes of the c. fulvum bands are estimated to be between 1.9 mb and 5.4 mb. the two largest bands are b ...19911921976
structure and evolution of 5s rrna genes and pseudogenes in the genus aspergillus.we have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of 18 dna fragments hybridizing to 5s rrna from two aspergillus species--a. wentii and a. awamori. four of the analyzed sequences were pseudogenes. the gene sequences of these two species were very similar and differed from aspergillus nidulans at both constant and microheterogeneous sites.19911920453
a twin-reporter vector for simultaneous analysis of expression signals of divergently transcribed, contiguous genes in filamentous fungi.to analyze the promoter region(s) of divergently transcribed fungal genes, a twin-reporter vector was constructed. this vector contains two divergently oriented reported genes, encoding escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase (uida) and e. coli beta-galactosidase (lacz). terminator regions of the aspergillus nidulans nitrate and nitrite reductase-encoding genes, niad and niia, respectively, have been cloned 3' to the reporter genes to ensure proficient transcription termination of the reporter genes ...19911916271
cloning and nucleotide sequence of the genomic ribonuclease t2 gene (rntb) from aspergillus oryzae.using synthetic oligonucleotide probes, we have cloned a genomic dna sequence encoding a ribonuclease (rnase) t2 gene (rntb) from aspergillus oryzae on a 4.8 kb hindiii fragment. dna sequence analysis of the rnase t2 revealed the following: (1) the gene is arranged as five exons and four introns; (2) the deduced amino acid sequence contains 239 amino acid residues of the mature enzyme. in addition, there exist 17 amino acid residues thought to be a signal peptide sequence at the n-terminus and 2 ...19911913876
parallel activation of the nima and p34cdc2 cell cycle-regulated protein kinases is required to initiate mitosis in a. nidulans.we show that in aspergillus nidulans, p34cdc2 tyrosine dephosphorylation accompanies activation of p34cdc2 as an h1 kinase at mitosis. however, the nima5 mutation arrests cells in g2 with p34cdc2 tyrosine dephosphorylated and fully active as an h1 kinase. activation of nima is therefore not required for p34cdc2 activation. furthermore, mutation of nimt, which encodes a protein with 50% similarity to fission yeast cdc25, causes a g2 arrest and prevents tyrosine dephosphorylation of p34cdc2 but do ...19911913824
isolation and characterisation of nuv11, a mutation affecting meiotic and mitotic recombination in aspergillus nidulans.a mutant of aspergillus nidulans, designated nuv11, has been isolated as hypersensitive to the monofunctional alkylating agent mnng and the quasi-uv-mimetic mutagen 4-nqo. the mutation was recessive, resulting from mutation of a single gene which mapped to chromosome iv, and was non-allelic to the previously characterised repair-deficient mutations uvsb and uvsh which are also located on this linkage group. the nuv11 mutation results in slow growth, deficient intragenic and intergenic meiotic re ...19911909187
gamma-tubulin is present in drosophila melanogaster and homo sapiens and is associated with the centrosome.the mipa gene of a. nidulans encodes a newly discovered member of the tubulin superfamily of proteins, gamma-tubulin. in a. nidulans, gamma-tubulin is essential for nuclear division and microtubule assembly and is associated with the spindle pole body, the fungal microtubule organizing center. by low stringency hybridizations we have cloned cdnas from d. melanogaster and h. sapiens, the predicted products of which share more than 66% amino acid identity with a. nidulans gamma-tubulin. gamma-tubu ...19911904010
mutations in the small subunit of cyanobacterial ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase that modulate interactions with large subunits.in the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans (synechococcus pcc6301), ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbu-p2 carboxylase) is composed of eight large subunits and eight small subunits. there are three regions of the small subunit that contain amino acids that are conserved throughout evolution, from bacteria to higher plants. since the function of the small subunit is not fully understood, site-directed mutagenesis was performed on highly conserved residues in the first and second co ...19911902220
isolation and developmentally regulated expression of an aspergillus nidulans phenol oxidase-encoding gene, ivob.ivory (ivo) mutants of aspergillus nidulans lack conidiophore pigmentation. we have cloned ivob which codes for a conidiophore-specific phenol oxidase (ahtase) via the adjacent selectable ured gene. gene-library transformants of a ured4 strain proved defective for the vector, but we recovered both ured and ivob from a lambda library of transformant dna. the ivob transcription unit was localized to a sali-xbai 3-kb fragment and its 5' end was located by hybridization with an oligodeoxyribonucleot ...19911901560
genetic transformation of auxotrophic mutants of the filamentous yeast trichosporon cutaneum using homologous and heterologous marker genes.a transformation system for the filamentous yeast trichosporon cutaneum based on auxotrophic markers is presented and techniques for the induction, isolation and characterization of mutants are described. a number of auxotrophic mutants were isolated and characterized by using biosynthetic precursors and/or inhibitors. a mutant unable to grow in the presence of ornithine could be complemented successfully by spheroplast transformation experiments using the cloned aspergillus nidulans ornithine t ...19911897316
unusual metabolism of the yeast actin amino terminus.in this paper we have examined the post-translational modifications of the nh2 terminus of actin from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. like actins examined previously, this actin contains an acetylated nh2 terminus. actins in other organisms undergo a unique post-translational processing event in which the initial amino acid(s) are removed by an actin-specific processing enzyme in an acetylation-dependent reaction. this is defined as actin processing. in yeast, actin retains its initiator met ...19911885608
identification of a telomeric fragment from the right arm of chromosome iii of aspergillus nidulans.a minimum of 11 bands hybridising to an oligonucleotide complementary to the putative telomeric repeat sequence (ttaggg)n was visible in a southern blot of ecori-digested aspergillus nidulans genomic dna. all 11 were sensitive to bal 31 exonuclease digestion, consistent with telomeric locations. blots of dna from aneuploid strains deleted for a dispensable, extreme distal region on the right arm of chromosome iii lack a 1.3-kb ecori band, indicating that this fragment is located at or near the c ...19911884987
antisuppressor mutations reduce misreading of the genetic code in aspergillus nidulans.antisuppressor mutations were isolated in a strain containing the omnipotent suppressor suac109. the antisuppressors reduce the activity of translational suppressors in vivo and counteract most aspects of the pleiotropic phenotype associated with the suac and the suaa suppressor mutations. using an homologous system for cell-free translation, we have measured translational accuracy in two antisuppressor strains with the genotype suac109 and either the asub11 or the asud14 antisuppressor mutation ...19911878998
characterization of interspecific hybrids within the aspergillus nidulans group by isoenzyme analysis.a comparison of interspecific hybrids within the aspergillus nidulans species group was made by isoenzyme analysis. the gel electrophoretic patterns of the parental species were distinct for most of the enzymes tested. the hybrids were distinguishable from their parents by isoenzyme patterns. the appearance of novel bands in all the interspecific hybrids indicated that nuclear fusion could have occurred. in most hybrids the appearance of the parental bands showed nonpreferential, partial chromos ...19911878817
activation of the nima protein kinase plays a unique role during mitosis that cannot be bypassed by absence of the bime checkpoint.mutation of nima reversibly arrests cells in late g2 and nima overexpression promotes premature mitosis. here we demonstrate that the product of nima (designated nima) has protein kinase activity that can phosphorylate beta-casein but not histone proteins. nima kinase activity is cell cycle regulated being 20-fold higher at mitosis when compared to s-phase arrested cells. nima activation is normally required in g2 to initiate chromosome condensation, to nucleate spindle pole body microtubules, a ...19911868838
cell biology. abg of microtubule assembly. 19911865902
polyethylene glycol-induced internalization of bacteria into fungal protoplasts: electron microscopic study and optimization of experimental conditions.we studied the mechanism of internalization of escherichia coli into saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by polyethylene glycol (peg) and optimized the experimental conditions. transmission electron microscope studies revealed that the principal factor involved in the internalization was the degree of cell aggregation attained. internalization occurred mainly by an endocytosis-like mechanism and took place during the elimination of peg. the optimum conditions were to treat a mixed pellet of both mi ...19911854204
domain structure and interaction within the pentafunctional arom polypeptide.the arom locus of aspergillus nidulans specifies a pentafunctional polypeptide catalysing five consecutive steps leading to the production of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate in the shikimate pathway. aided by oligonucleotide-mediated site-directed mutagenesis, the whole arom locus and various overlapping subfragments from within it have been fused to the powerful hybrid trc promoter in the escherichia coli plasmid pkk233-2. expression of these subfragments in appropriate aro mutants of e. col ...19911849480
temporal and spatial controls of aspergillus development.the mechanisms regulating elaboration of the multicellular asexual reproductive apparatus, the conidiophore, of the filamentous ascomycete aspergillus nidulans provide a model for the control of fungal development. recent advances have been made on three fronts. first, new physical and chemical signals have been discovered that control commitment of cells to the conidiation pathway. second, positively acting developmental regulatory genes have been cloned and characterized. in addition, evidence ...19911840892
nit-4, a pathway-specific regulatory gene of neurospora crassa, encodes a protein with a putative binuclear zinc dna-binding domain.nit-4, a pathway-specific regulatory gene in the nitrogen circuit of neurospora crassa, is required for the expression of nit-3 and nit-6, the structural genes which encode nitrate and nitrite reductase, respectively. the complete nucleotide sequence of the nit-4 gene has been determined. the predicted nit4 protein contains 1,090 amino acids and appears to possess a single zn(ii)2cys6 binuclear-type zinc finger, which may mediate dna binding. site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that c ...19911840634
cloning and molecular characterization of the acetamidase-encoding gene (amds) from aspergillus oryzae.we have isolated an acetamidase-encoding gene (amds) from aspergillus oryzae by heterologous hybridization using the corresponding aspergillus nidulans gene as a probe. the gene is located on a 3.5-kb saci fragment and its nucleotide (nt) sequence was determined. compared with the a. nidulans amds gene, the coding region of a. oryzae gene consists of seven exons interrupted by six introns and encodes 545 amino acid (aa) residues. the deduced aa sequence has a high degree of homology with that of ...19911840550
sequence of the nuclear atp synthase subunit 9 gene of podospora anserina: lack of similarity to the mitochondrial genome.the nuclear gene coding for the mitochondrial subunit 9 of the f0f1-atp synthase complex was isolated from a genomic library of podospora anserina. nucleotide sequencing revealed an open reading frame capable to code for 144 amino acids including an amino-terminal pre-sequence of 63 amino acid residues for mitochondrial import of the pre-proteolipid. the p. anserina proteolipid shows extensive sequence identity with the corresponding gene products of the related filamentous fungi neurospora cras ...19911834355
molecular organisation of the malate synthase genes of aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa.the sequencing and comparison of the genes encoding the glyoxylate bypass enzyme malate synthase of aspergillus nidulans (acue) and neurospora crassa (acu-9) are presented. the predicted amino acid sequences of the a. nidulans and n. crassa enzymes are 538 and 542 residues respectively and the proteins are 87% homologous. in fungi, the malate synthase proteins are located in glyoxysomes and the deduced acue and acu-9 proteins both contain a c-terminal s-k-l sequence, which has been implicated in ...19911832736
[exogenous allergic alveolitis in tobacco industry workers]. 19911831935
heterologous expression and regulation of the neurospora crassa nit-4 pathway-specific regulatory gene for nitrate assimilation in aspergillus nidulans.the nira gene of aspergillus nidulans and the nit-4 gene of neurospora crassa appear to be equivalent pathway-specific regulatory genes which mediate nitrate induction of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase (nr and nir) activities. we have transformed the nit-4 wild-type (wt) gene into the a. nidulans loss-of-function (pleiotropic negative) nira 1 mutant strain. the nit-4 gene was found to complement the nira 1 mutation, thus permitting the nira 1 mutant strain to grow on nitrate or nitrite ...19911829047
kinesin-like proteins of aspergillus nidulans. 19911819513
role of the cell-cycle-regulated nima protein kinase during g2 and mitosis: evidence for two pathways of mitotic regulation. 19911819506
mycofloral changes and aflatoxin contamination in stored chickpea seeds.chickpea seeds entering store carry a microflora of 'field' and 'storage' fungi. field fungi gradually disappear and storage fungi then predominate. these fungi especially aspergillus flavus, a. niger, a. nidulans, a. ochraceus and penicillium spp. grow vigorously and initiate grain spoilage and aflatoxin elaboration. the shift in mycofloral spectrum was more rapid in seeds stored in jute bags than those stored in metal bins. moisture content and aflatoxin contamination in seeds of jute bags was ...19911812019
altered expression of the steroid bioconverting pathway in pan 7-1 transformants of cochliobolus lunatus.the filamentous fungus c. lunatus converts progesterone mainly to its 11 beta-hydroxy derivative. c. lunatus transformed with the plasmid pan 7-1, which contains the e. coli hph gene expressed under the control of the a. nidulans gpd and trpc expression signals, lacks this activity, but exhibits acetyl side chain degradation of progesterone through the reaction scheme progesterone----20 beta-hydroxy-progesterone----delta 4-androstene-3,17-dione---- testolactone + testosterone. the main part of t ...19911807829
the development of aspergillus niger var. awamori as a host for the expression and secretion of heterologous gene products. 19911783197
relationships between phosphatidylcholine content, chitin synthesis, growth, and morphology of aspergillus nidulans choc.the phosphatidylcholine (pc) content of aspergillus nidulans choc was varied by growing the auxotroph in medium containing various concentrations of choline chloride. direct linear correlations were observed between pc content and in vivo chitin synthase activity, between in vivo chitin synthase activity and mean hyphal extension rate, and between mean hyphal extension rate and hyphal growth unit length; hyphal growth unit length is a measure of hyphal branching. further, there was a correlation ...19911778430
bima encodes a member of the tetratricopeptide repeat family of proteins and is required for the completion of mitosis in aspergillus nidulans.the recessive, temperature-sensitive bima1 mutation of aspergillus nidulans blocks nuclei in metaphase at restrictive temperature. to determine whether the bima product is essential, integrative transformation was used to create a mutation in the bima gene. the mutation was maintained in a heterokaryon and the phenotype of spores produced by the heterokaryon was analyzed. molecular disruption of the wild-type bima gene is recessive in the heterokaryon and causes a metaphase block, demonstrating ...19911770001
the fission yeast gamma-tubulin is essential for mitosis and is localized at microtubule organizing centers.gamma-tubulin exists in fission yeast as the product of an essential gene, encoding a 446 amino acid protein that is 77.3% identical to aspergillus nidulans gamma-tubulin. the gene disruption caused cell lethality, displaying condensed, undivided chromosomes with aberrant spindle structures. anti-gamma-tubulin staining showed that gamma-tubulin is located, throughout the wild-type cell cycle, at the spindle pole bodies (spbs), indicating that gamma-tubulin associates with interphase spb in the a ...19911770000
isolation of nuclei from aspergillus nidulans protoplasts.intact nuclei were isolated from the protoplasts of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. the large amounts of protoplasts required for such nuclear preparations were produced from young mycelia grown in liquid culture. for final purification of the crude nuclear fraction, a nycodenz density-gradient centrifugation was applied. the resulting nuclei were of good purity and morphological state, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and electronmicroscopy. the weight ratio of dna:rna:pr ...19911769520
molecular cloning of the uay regulatory gene of aspergillus nidulans reveals a favoured region for dna insertions.the cloning of the positive regulatory gene, uay, which mediates uric acid induction of enzymes and permeases of the purine degradation pathway in the fungus aspergillus nidulans is described here. the 4 kb uay transcript is constitutively synthesised, it is not repressed by ammonia and its transcription does not require the area wide-domain transcription factor. we have determined that four deletions, which have been genetically characterised, are confined to a segment of 0.9 kb. two other dele ...19911766435
the uay positive control gene of aspergillus nidulans: fine structure, isolation of constitutive mutants and reversion patterns.the product of the uay gene of aspergillus nidulans is necessary for the expression of at least eight genes coding for enzymes and permeases of the purine utilisation pathway. a detailed fine structure map has been constructed of this gene involving 13 presumed point mutations and eight deletions. gene conversion of these deletions was demonstrated. a technique was devised to select for constitutive mutations and two were obtained which map within the uay gene. we have shown that the most centro ...19911766434
regulatory functions of calmodulin.calmodulin is a ca2+ binding protein present in all eukaryotic cells that serves as the primary intracellular receptor for ca2+. this 148 amino acid protein is involved in activation of more than 20 enzymes which mediate a wide variety of physiological processes. many of these enzymes are inhibited in an intramolecular manner and the ca(2+)-calmodulin complex relieves this inhibition. calmodulin is essential for life as disruption of the gene in genetically tractable organisms is lethal. this pr ...19911763137
isolation and nucleotide sequence of the ribosomal protein s16-encoding gene from aspergillus nidulans.a genomic clone has been isolated from aspergillus nidulans which is homologous to the ribosomal (r) protein s16-encoding gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae (s16a) and the r-protein s19-encoding gene of rat (s19). the amino acid (aa) sequences, deduced from nucleotide (nt) sequence analysis, show that in both cases more than 63% of the aa are conserved. the proposed a. nidulans r-protein s16 gene (rps16) differs from that of s. cerevisiae in that it occurs as a single copy in the haploid genome (r ...19911761226
heterologous expression of the aspergillus nidulans regulatory gene nira in fusarium oxysporum.we have isolated strains of fusarium oxysporum carrying mutations conferring a phenotype characteristic of a loss of function in the regulatory gene of nitrate assimilation (nira in aspergillus nidulans, nit-4 in neurospora crassa). one of these nir- mutants was successfully transformed with a plasmid containing the nira gene of a. nidulans. the nitrate reductase of the transformants is still inducible, although the maximum activity is lower than in the wild type. single and multiple integration ...19911756977
codon usage in aspergillus nidulans.synonymous codon usage in genes from the ascomycete (filamentous) fungus aspergillus nidulans has been investigated. a total of 45 gene sequences has been analysed. multivariate statistical analysis has been used to identify a single major trend among genes. at one end of this trend are lowly expressed genes, whereas at the other extreme lie genes known or expected to be highly expressed. the major trend is from nearly random codon usage (in the lowly expressed genes) to codon usage that is high ...19911745237
an intragenic map of the brla locus of aspergillus nidulans.we have constructed an intragenic map for the aspergillus nidulans brla gene, mutants in which are distinguishable by visual criteria only. most of the leaky phenotype mutants map near the right (3') end. the gene shows distinct recombinational polarity consistent with recombination initiation at the promoter (centromere-proximal) end of the gene. brla12 and brla20 mutants gave abnormal dna restriction patterns consistent with the iii; viii and vi; viii translocations, respectively, determined b ...19921736092
molecular characterization of the lam locus and sequences involved in regulation by the amdr protein of aspergillus nidulans.the lam locus of aspergillus nidulans consists of two divergently transcribed genes, lama and lamb, involved in the utilization of lactams such as 2-pyrrolidinone. both genes are under the control of the positive regulatory gene amdr and are subject to carbon and nitrogen metabolite repression. the lamb gene and the region between the two genes have been sequenced, and the start points of transcription have been determined. within the lam locus are two sequences with homology to elements, requir ...19921729609
characterization of aspergillus nidulans mutants deficient in cell wall chitin or glucan.by screening for the osmotically remediable phenotype, mutations in two genes (orla and orlb) affecting the cell wall chitin content of aspergillus nidulans were identified. strains carrying temperature-sensitive alleles of these genes produce conidia which swell excessively and lyse when germinated at restrictive temperatures. growth under these conditions is remedied by osmotic stabilizers and by n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac). remediation by glcnac suggests that the mutations affect early steps ...19921729232
cloning by differential screening of a xenopus cdna that encodes a kinesin-related protein.by differential screening of a xenopus egg cdna library, we selected nine clones (eg1 to eg9) corresponding to mrnas which are deadenylated and released from polysomes soon after fertilization. the sequence of one of these clones (eg5) revealed that the corresponding protein has the characteristic features of a kinesin-related protein. more specifically, eg5 was found to be nearly 30% identical to a kinesin-related protein encoded by bimc, a gene involved in nuclear division in aspergillus nidul ...19911710028
keratinophilic fungi and other moulds associated with air-dust particles from egypt.one-hundred and eleven species and three species varieties belonging to 39 genera were collected from 50 dust samples on the five media used at 28 degrees c. using the hair-baiting technique with horse hair, 10 species of chrysosporium were isolated: c. asperatum, c. state of arthroderma tuberculatum, c. indicum, c. inops, c. keratinophilum, c. merdarium, c. pannorum, c. queenslandicum, c. tropicum and c. xerophilum. true dermatophytes were isolated: trichophyton verrucosum and trichophyton sp. ...19901702081
optimized vectors and selection for transformation of neurospora crassa and aspergillus nidulans to bleomycin and phleomycin resistance.to provide a dominant selectable marker for transformation of neurospora crassa strains lacking specific auxotrophic mutations, we have engineered the bleomycin (bm) resistance-encoding gene (ble) from the bacterial transposon tn5 for expression in n. crassa. the coding region of the ble gene was fused to the promoter and terminator regions of the n. crassa am gene. in some vectors, multiple cloning sites were placed flanking the ble gene to provide a versatile ble cassette. when introduced into ...19901699844
a negative regulator of mitosis in aspergillus is a putative membrane-spanning protein.the temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutation bime7 of aspergillus nidulans causes cells to become blocked in mitosis at a restrictive temperature. previous work has shown that this mitotic block is induced even when cells are arrested in the s or g2 phase. the mitotic block is also observed in cells carrying a null mutation in bime, obtained by molecular disruption of the gene (osmani, s.a., engle, d.b., doonan, j.h., and morris, n.r. (1988) cell 52, 241-251), indicating that a lack of bime fun ...19901697851
characterization and comparison of mitochondrial dnas and rrnas from penicillium urticae and p. chrysogenum.mitochondrial dna (mt dna) from a patulin producer, penicillium urticae (synonym p. griseofulvum), was 27.8 kb +/- 0.6 kb in size by electron microscopy and 27.2 kb by agarose gel electrophoresis. restriction endonuclease maps for nine restriction enzymes were constructed, and eleven fragments which covered the total range of the mt dna were cloned into the escherichia coli plasmid vector puc19. southern analysis of the native genomes of p. urticae and p. chrysogenum with six of the cloned fragm ...19901697325
botran and bleomycin induce crossing-over, and bleomycin also increases aneuploidy in diploid strains of aspergillus.both bleomycin, an antineoplastic drug, and botran (2,6-dichloro-4-nitro-aniline), a fungicide, are known to inhibit growth and induce genetic segregation in diploid tester strains of aspergillus nidulans when present in agar media. to identify primary effects, samples of induced apparent crossover types were analysed in detail. for both compounds, coincident and consecutive events of mitotic crossing-over were found to be very frequent and such events showed a random distribution among isolated ...19901692105
sequence and expression of gln3, a positive nitrogen regulatory gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding a protein with a putative zinc finger dna-binding domain.the gln3 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for the activation of transcription of a number of genes in response to the replacement of glutamine by glutamate as source of nitrogen. we cloned the gln3 gene and constructed null alleles by gene disruption. gln3 is not essential for growth, but increased copies of gln3 lead to a drastic decrease in growth rate. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gln3 gene was determined, revealing one open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 730 a ...19911682800
isolation and expression of the acetate-inducible isocitrate lyase gene (acu-3) from neurospora crassa: evidence for a second constitutive isozyme.heterologous hybridisation of the aspergillus nidulans structural gene for isocitrate lyase (acud) to a lambda genomic library of neurospora crassa identified a recombinant phage containing the hybridising sequence on an internal 9 kb ecori fragment. a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) enabled the fragment to be assigned to linkage group v (lg v), the location of the acetate-inducible isocitrate lyase, acu-3 of neurospora. functional ectopic complementation by co-transformation of ...19911681413
is there methylmalonyl coa mutase in aspergillus nidulans?in most animal species and many prokaryotes, methylmalonyl coa mutase catalyzes isomerization between methylmalonyl coa and succinyl coa using adenosylcobalamin as a cofactor. we describe the absence of this enzyme in aspergillus nidulans based on the absence of enzyme activity in vitro and the failure to metabolize methylmalonate or grow in media containing this organic acid as the sole carbon source. these data contrast previous assumptions that propionate may be metabolized through propionyl ...19911676260
two alpha-tubulin genes of aspergillus nidulans encode divergent proteins.we have isolated and analyzed the tuba and tubb alpha-tubulin genes of aspergillus nidulans. the nucleotide sequences of these genes predict polypeptides of 447 amino acids for tuba and 450 for tubb. the predicted amino acids sequences exhibit 28% divergence between the two polypeptides. this is the second known case of such high divergence between alpha-tubulins within the same species. the tubb gene is unique in that it codes for an extra glycine residue between what are usually the second and ...19911672037
diverse proteins homologous to inositol monophosphatase.bovine inositol monophosphatase (imp) and several homologous proteins were found to share two sequence motifs with bovine inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase (ipp). these motifs may correspond to binding sites within imp and ipp for inositol phosphates or for lithium, since both substances are bound by these proteins. this suggests that the proteins homologous to imp, which have diverse biological roles but whose function is not clear, may act by enhancing the synthesis or degradation of phosph ...19911660408
a cdna encoding rabbit muscle protein phosphatase 1 alpha complements the aspergillus cell cycle mutation, bimg11.the bimg11 allele causes a conditional growth defect in the fungus aspergillus nidulans preventing both progression through mitosis and normal polar growth. previously, we have shown that the bimg11 mutation increases the phosphorylation of nuclear proteins and that the gene encodes a protein similar to mammalian type 1 protein phosphatase. assay of protein phosphatase activity in protein extracts of aspergillus demonstrates directly that type 1 phosphatase activity is greatly reduced in the mut ...19911655766
in vivo overproduction of the pentafunctional arom polypeptide in aspergillus nidulans affects metabolic flux in the quinate pathway.the shikimate pathway and the quinic acid utilisation (qut) pathway of aspergillus nidulans and other fungi share the two common metabolic intermediates, 3-dehydroquinic acid (dhq) and dehydroshikimic acid (dhs), which are interconverted by two isoenzymes, catabolic 3-dehydroquinase, (cdhqase) and biosynthetic dehydroquinase, (bdhqase). bdhqase is one of five consecutive enzymatic activities associated with the pentafunctional arom protein encoded by the complex arom locus, whereas cdhqase is en ...19911648168
cloning of chromosome i dna from saccharomyces cerevisiae: analysis of the fun52 gene, whose product has homology to protein kinases.a gene whose product has homology to protein kinases and is closely related to the aspergillus nidulans nima cell-cycle gene was identified on chromosome i of the yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae. this gene has been temporarily designated fun52, where fun is the acronym for 'function unknown now'. in a. nidulans, nima is required to enter mitosis. in addition, overexpression of nima causes premature onset of mitosis and cell cycle arrest. in contrast, s. cerevisiae cells that were either deleted ...19921644305
the bimb3 mutation of aspergillus nidulans uncouples dna replication from the completion of mitosis.a conditionally lethal mutation in the bimb gene of aspergillus nidulans disrupts the normal regulatory patterns associated with mitotic events. this results in dna replication in the absence of the completion of mitosis in the mutant at restrictive temperature. this defect yields large polyploid nuclei after several hours at restrictive temperature. the bimb gene has been cloned by genetic mapping and chromosome walking from the previously cloned amds gene. the cloned dna complements the temper ...19921639810
roles of fad and 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin chromophores in photoreactivation by anacystis nidulans dna photolyase.dna photolyase from the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans contains two chromophores, flavin adenine dinucleotide (fadh2) and 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (8-hdf) (eker, a. p. m., kooiman, p., hessels, j. k. c., and yasui, a. (1990) j. biol. chem. 265, 8009-8015). while evidence exists that the flavin chromophore (in fadh2 form) can catalyze photorepair directly and that the 8-hdf chromophore is the major photosensitizer in photoreactivation it was not known whether 8-hdf splits pyrimidine dimer direc ...19921639785
carbon catabolite repression can account for the temporal pattern of expression of a penicillin biosynthetic gene in aspergillus nidulans.aspergillus nidulans synthesizes penicillins as secondary metabolites when grown under certain culture conditions. broths containing carbon (c) sources that give rise to carbon catabolite repression (ccr) support a much lower antibiotic yield than broths with non-repressing c sources. steady-state levels of the isopenicillin n synthetase (ipns) gene transcript are considerably reduced in mycelia grown with repressing c sources and are depressed in mycelia grown with sugars which do not cause ccr ...19921625576
fungi associated with bovine abortion in the northern plains states (usa).mycotic infection was diagnosed in 6.8% of 6,858 cases of bovine abortion and stillbirth examined during a 9-year period. aspergilli were associated with approximately 5% of all abortion cases and 71% of 446 cases that were cultured for fungi and diagnosed as mycotic abortion. aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent isolate (62%), followed by a. terreus (6.7%), emericella (aspergillus) nidulans (3.0%), a. flavus (2.9%), and e. rugulosus (less than 1.0%). zygomycetes (absidia, mortierella, rh ...19921616983
isolation and characterization of the aspergillus niger pyruvate kinase gene.the aspergillus niger gene encoding pyruvate kinase was cloned by heterologous hybridization using a fragment from the corresponding yeast gene as a probe. the primary structure of the gene, including 5' and 3' flanking sequences, was determined. the structural part of the a. niger pkia gene is 2054 bp long and is interrupted by seven putative introns. splicing of the intron sequences results in an open reading frame of 1578 bp, encoding a protein of 526 amino-acid residues and a molecular weigh ...19921611667
functional analysis of the expression of the 3'-phosphoglycerate kinase pgk gene in aspergillus nidulans.a functional analysis of the aspergillus nidulans 3-phosphoglycerate kinase pgk promoter was undertaken using gene fusions to the lacz gene of escherichia coli, and introducing these into a beta-galactosidase-deficient strain of a. nidulans. expression of a particular gene fusion in transformed strains depends upon the site of integration of the vector into the genome, and when specifically targeted to the catabolic quinate dehydrogenase qute (selective marker) locus is directly proportional to ...19921603065
regulation of aspergillus nidulans penicillin biosynthesis and penicillin biosynthesis genes acva and ipna by glucose.expression of the aspergillus nidulans penicillin biosynthesis genes acva and ipna, encoding delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine synthetase and isopenicillin n synthetase, respectively, was analyzed. the intergenic region carrying the divergently oriented promoters was fused in frame in both orientations to escherichia coli lacz and e. coli uida reporter genes. each construct permits simultaneous expression studies of both genes. transformants of a. nidulans carrying a single copy o ...19921592830
cooperative regulation of cell proliferation by calcium and calmodulin in aspergillus nidulans.calcium and calmodulin have been widely implicated in the control of cell proliferation. we have created a strain of the genetically tractable filamentous fungus, aspergillus nidulans, that is conditional for calmodulin expression. this was accomplished by replacing the unique endogenous calmodulin gene with one regulated by the inducible alcohol dehydrogenase (alca) gene promoter by homologous recombination. this strain cannot grow when the cells are incubated in medium containing a carbon sour ...19921584213
effects of mutagen-sensitive mus mutations on spontaneous mitotic recombination in aspergillus.methyl methane-sulfonate (mms)-sensitive, radiation-induced mutants of aspergillus were shown to define nine new dna repair genes, musk to muss. to test mus mutations for effects on mitotic recombination, intergenic crossing over was assayed between color markers and their centromeres, and intragenic recombination between two distinguishable ade alleles. of eight mutants analyzed, four showed significant deviations from mus+ controls in both tests. two mutations, musk and musl, reduced recombina ...19921582555
identification of the promoter region involved in the autoregulation of the transcriptional activator alcr in aspergillus nidulans.the alcr protein is the transcriptional activator of the ethanol utilization pathway in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. this activator belongs to a family of fungal proteins having a conserved dna-binding domain containing six cysteines (c6 class) with some striking features. at variance with other motifs of this class, the binding domain of alcr is strongly asymmetrical in relation to the central cysteines and moreover was predicted to adopt a helix-turn-helix structure. this domai ...19921569930
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