Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| protection from uv-b damage of mosquito larvicidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis expressed in anabaena pcc 7120. | a transgenic strain of the nitrogen-fixing filamentous cyanobacterium anabaena pcc 7120 protected expressed delta-endotoxin proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis from damage inflicted by uv-b, a sunlight component that penetrates earth's ozone layer. this organism, which serves as a food source to mosquito larvae and could multiply in their breeding sites, may solve the environment-imposed limitations of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis as a mosquito biological control agent. | 2002 | 12177745 |
| chitinolytic activities in bacillus thuringiensis and their synergistic effects on larvicidal activity. | to investigate the distribution of chitinase in bacillus thuringiensis strains, and the enhancing effects of the chitinase-producing b. thuringiensis strains on insecticidal toxicity of active b. thuringiensis strain against spodoptera exigua larvae. | 2002 | 12174034 |
| field evaluation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bacticide) against anopheles stephensi breeding in calcutta city. | 2001 | 12170935 | |
| comparative toxicity of selected larvicidal formulations against anopheles stephensi liston and aedes aegypti linn. | toxicity of selected larvicidal formulations of bacillus sphaericus, bacillus thuringiensis h-14 israelensis (bti) and insect growth regulators was determined against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti, the two major urban mosquito vectors of malaria and dengue fever in india respectively. the study revealed that the formulations of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 and igr compounds were highly toxic against both the mosquito species but bacillus sphaericus formulation was less toxic against aedes ... | 2001 | 12170930 |
| responses of songbirds to aerial spraying of the microbial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (foray 48b) on vancouver island, british columbia, canada. | use of bacterial insecticides containing bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (btk) is gaining popularity as an environmentally safe control measure against lepidopteran pests, but indirect effects on nontarget organisms through reduced prey base have received little attention. aerial spraying of btk (foray 48b) over a 12,803-ha area on southeastern vancouver island (bc, canada) in may to june 1999 as part of a gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) control program provided us with an opportunity to exam ... | 2002 | 12152767 |
| extent of variation of the bacillus thuringiensis toxin reservoir: the case of the geranium bronze, cacyreus marshalli butler (lepidoptera: lycaenidae). | despite the fact that around 200 cry genes from bacillus thuringiensis have already been cloned, only a few cry proteins are toxic towards a given pest. a crucial step in the mode of action of cry proteins is binding to specific sites in the midgut of susceptible insects. binding studies in insects that have developed cross-resistance discourage the combined use of cry proteins sharing the same binding site. if resistance management strategies are to be implemented, the arsenal of cry proteins s ... | 2002 | 12147511 |
| genes encoding the n-acyl homoserine lactone-degrading enzyme are widespread in many subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis. | gram-negative bacteria can communicate with each other by n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls), which are quorum-sensing autoinducers. recently, the aiia gene (encoding an enzyme catalyzing the degradation of ahl) has been cloned from bacillus sp. strain 240b1. during investigations in the course of the ongoing bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni genome project, an aiia homologue gene in the genome sequence was found. these results led to consideration of the possibility of the widespread exist ... | 2002 | 12147491 |
| control of resistant pink bollworm (pectinophora gossypiella) by transgenic cotton that produces bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry2ab. | crops genetically engineered to produce bacillus thuringiensis toxins for insect control can reduce use of conventional insecticides, but insect resistance could limit the success of this technology. the first generation of transgenic cotton with b. thuringiensis produces a single toxin, cry1ac, that is highly effective against susceptible larvae of pink bollworm (pectinophora gossypiella), a major cotton pest. to counter potential problems with resistance, second-generation transgenic cotton th ... | 2002 | 12147473 |
| combined analysis of supernatant-based feeding bioassays and pcr as a first-tier screening strategy for vip -derived activities in bacillus thuringiensis strains effective against tropical fall armyworm. | to assess whether feeding bioassays using culture-supernatant proteins could be combined with pcr into a first-tier screening strategy for vip3a-like genes efficient against tropical spodoptera frugiperda. | 2002 | 12147075 |
| ultrasensitive detection of genetically modified maize dna by capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence using different fluorescent intercalating dyes. | in this work, four different fluorescent intercalating dyes are compared for the ultrasensitive cge-lif detection of dna from transgenic maize in flours. the fluorescent intercalating dyes compared are yopro-1, sybr-green-i, ethidium bromide (ethbr), and enhance. for all the four dyes optimum concentrations are established, and efficient separations of dna fragments ranging in size from 80 to 1000 bp are obtained. the comparative study demonstrates that sybr-green-i and yopro-1 provide better li ... | 2002 | 12137467 |
| detection and quantification of transgenes in grains by multiplex and real-time pcr. | multiplex pcr reactions were developed for detecting simultaneously the cryia(b) and pat genes from events 176, mon810, bt11, and t25 of transgenic maize, using only two pairs of primers, one for the cryia(b) gene and the other for the pat gene. the roundup ready soybean can be precisely detected by a multiplex pcr reaction using known primers, amplifying fragments of the nos and the epsps sequences simultaneously. transgenic events such as roundup ready soybean and ga21 maize, among others, can ... | 2002 | 12137456 |
| usefulness of staining parasporal bodies when screening for bacillus thuringiensis. | 2002 | 12133711 | |
| extremely high frequency of common flagellar antigens between bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus. | bacillus cereus isolates, recovered from natural environments of japan, were examined for their flagellar (h) antigenicities with the reference h antisera against bacillus thuringiensis serotypes h1-h55. of 236 b. cereus isolates tested, 165 (70%) were agglutinated with the reference antisera available. the frequencies of seropositive isolates were: 77% in soils, 68% on phylloplanes, and 60% in animal fecal populations. among the 45 h serogroups detected, the serovar shandongiensis (h22) was the ... | 2002 | 12127494 |
| two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis of the extracellular proteome of bacillus cereus reveals the importance of the plcr regulon. | many virulence factors are secreted by the gram-positive, spore forming bacterium bacillus cereus. most of them are regulated by the transcriptional activator, plcr, which is maximally expressed at the beginning of the stationary phase. we used a proteomic approach to study the impact of the plcr regulon on the secreted proteins of b. cereus, by comparing the extracellular proteomes of strains atcc 14579 and atcc 14579 delta plcr, in which plcr has been disrupted. our study indicated that, quant ... | 2002 | 12112862 |
| molecular characterization of local bacillus thuringiensis strains recovered from northern jordan. | a total of 80 isolates of bacillus thuringiensis were recovered from different habitats of northern jordan. these isolates were grouped into three classes based on crystal morphology (spherical, bipyramidal, and both bipyramidal and cuboidal). the isolates that produced spherical crystals were the most common and the most toxic to diptera. sds-page analysis of the isolates and some reference strains with similar crystal morphology showed similar protein profiles with heterogeneous multiple prote ... | 2002 | 12111742 |
| [obtaining stem borer-resistant homozygous transgenic lines of minghui 81 harboring novel cry1ac gene via particle bombardment]. | a modified cry1ac gene was generated by fusing with lys-asp-glu-lue (kdel), an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal at the 3'-ends, with signal peptide coding sequence of soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor (skti) at the 5'-ends. vector containing the modified cry1ac gene coding region flanked by the corn ubiquitin 1 promoter and the nopaline synthase gene (nos) terminator with hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene as a plant selection marker was constructed. the modified cry1ac gene in which ... | 2002 | 12096630 |
| identification of a novel anti-ice-nucleating polysaccharide from bacillus thuringiensis yy529. | strain yy529, capable of producing some anti-ice-nucleating materials (anm), was isolated from the surface of a camphor leaf. strain yy529 was identified as bacillus thuringiensis from its characteristics and taxonomy; the optimum temperature and ph for producing these anms were 30 degrees c and 7.0, respectively. one of the anm with the highest activities among them was purified from the culture. the molecular weight of the anm was approximately 130 kda based on a gel filtration analysis. we co ... | 2002 | 12092845 |
| increased digestibility of two products in genetically modified food (cp4-epsps and cry1ab) after preheating. | we performed experiments on in vitro digestion of newly expressed proteins by sgf (simulated gastric fluid) and sif (simulated intestinal fluid) to assess the allergenicity of food components derived from biotechnological modification. for newly expressed proteins, we chose cp4-epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from agrobacterium sp. strain cp4) and cry1ab derived from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain hd-1. the former is expressed in gm-soybeans and the latter is ex ... | 2002 | 12092415 |
| field survey and greenhouse evaluation of non-rice host plants of the striped stem borer, chilo suppressalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae), as refuges for resistance management of rice transformed with bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes. | 2002 | 12088543 | |
| distribution and characterization of bacillus thuringiensis on the phylloplane of species of piper (piperaceae) in three altitudinal levels. | bacillus thuringiensis is found naturally on the phylloplane. in this study 35 samples from 13 species of the genus piper (piperaceae) were collected from three altitudinal levels located between 1800 and 2900 m above sea level in the colombian andean forest of central cordillera. two hundred and fifty-six isolates of b. thuringiensis were obtained from 74% of the samples studied. b. thuringiensis index (number of isolates of b. thuringiensis/number of isolates of sporulated bacilli) was 0.2. th ... | 2002 | 12087427 |
| production of certified reference materials for the detection of genetically modified organisms. | certified reference materials (crms) are an esseniial tool in the quality assurance of analytical measurements. they are produced, certified, and used in accordance with relevant iso (international organization for standardization) and bcr (community bureau of reference) guidelines. the institute for reference materials and measurements (irmm; geel, belgium) has produced the first powdery genetically modified organism (gmo) crms in cooperation with the institute for health and consumer protectio ... | 2002 | 12083274 |
| binary insecticidal crystal protein from bacillus thuringiensis, strain ps149b1: effects of individual protein components and mixtures in laboratory bioassays. | a family of novel binary insecticidal crystal proteins, with activity against western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, was identified from bacillus thuringiensis berliner. a binary insecticidal crystal protein (bicp) from b. thuringiensis strain ps149b1 is composed of a 14-kda protein (cry34abl) and a 44-kdaprotein (cry35ab1). these proteins have been co-expressed in transgenic maize plants, zea mays l., and effectively control western corn rootworm larvae under field condi ... | 2002 | 12076012 |
| effects of transgenic bt corn on growth and development of the stalk borer papaipema nebris (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | this study assessed the efficacy of two different genetic events, event bt 11 (crylab) and event cbh351 (cry 9c), in bt corn against two instar classes of the stalk borer papaipema nebris across three different plant stages (v1, v3, and v5) of corn, zea mays. class a includes instars 1 and 2, and class b includes instars 3 and 4. stalk borer response and development over time were measured, and the data from 1999 and 2000 show that the bt corn does have some effect on the feeding and development ... | 2002 | 12076010 |
| survival of kansas dipel-resistant european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) on bt and non-bt corn hybrids. | the kansas dipel-resistant and susceptible european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), were evaluated in the greenhouse on different bt transgenic events expressed in corn hybrids. there were important differences in the resistance offered by the different bt event corn hybrids. hybrid comparison tests indicate that these dipel-resistant first-instar european corn borer were not able to survive to adulthood on whorl-stage mon810, bt11, or 176 bt event corn plants. third instars did not sur ... | 2002 | 12076009 |
| phylogenetic analysis of bacillus thuringiensis based on pcr amplified fragment polymorphisms of flagellin genes. | phylogenetic analysis of 35 strains of bacillus thuringiensis was performed based on pcr amplified fragment polymorphisms of flagellin genes (pcr-afpf). from coefficient matrix, the genetic distance coefficient d among them ranged from 0.14286 to 0.81818. ten clusters were divided by the taxonomic threshold of 0.42 from the upgma dendrogram, demonstrating that the genetic dissimilarities existed among 35 strains of b. thuringiensis corresponding to 35 different serovars. this method could provid ... | 2002 | 12070694 |
| expression of the full-length and 3'-spliced cry1ab gene in the 135-kda crystal protein minus derivative of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kyushuensis. | bacillus thuringiensis produces a 130-135-kda insecticidal protein in the form of bipyramidal crystal which is toxic to lepidopteran larvae. part of the c-terminal region of the native cry1ab was replaced by a heterologous sequence of cry11aa c-terminus to get a 3'-spliced cry1ab gene. the full-length cry1ab and 3'-spliced cry1ab, which were both cloned into the e. coli-b. thuringiensis shuttle expression vector phzb1, were expressed in a 135-kda crystal protein minus derivative of b. thuringien ... | 2002 | 12070693 |
| interaction of 65- and 62-kd proteins from the apical membranes of the aedes aegypti larvae midgut epithelium with cry4b and cry11a endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis. | a protein with the molecular weight of 65 kd is the only component of aedes aegypti larvae bbm capable to specifically bind mosquitocidal toxins cry4b and cry11a of bacillus thuringiensis. this protein lacks the leucine aminopeptidase activity which is characteristic for the toxin-binding proteins from the membranes of caterpillars. cry-toxins inactive against a. aegypti larvae either fail to bind to the 65-kd protein and to a putative product of its proteolysis with the molecular weight of 62 k ... | 2002 | 12059773 |
| matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) for detecting novel bt toxins. | matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) was used to study crystal (cry) toxins from different bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strains. known cry toxins such as cry1ac and cry2a, as well as novel toxins for which the protein sequences were predicted by their gene sequences, were used as controls in this study. the peptide masses, obtained after in-gel trypsin digestion for all these proteins, matched correctly to the corresponding proteins. also, ma ... | 2002 | 12054787 |
| avidin expressed in transgenic tobacco leaves confers resistance to two noctuid pests, helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. | fertile transgenic tobacco plants with leaves expressing avidin in the vacuole have been produced and shown to halt growth and cause mortality in larvae of two noctuid lepidopterans, helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. late first instar h. armigera larvae and neonate (< 12-h-old) s. litura larvae placed on leaves excised from t0 tobacco expressing avidin at 3.1-4.6 microm (micromoles/kg of fresh leaf tissue) had very poor growth over their first 8 days on the leaves, significant numbers ... | 2002 | 12054352 |
| pcr-aided synthesis and stable expression in e.coli of the cryia (c)bt gene. | insecticidal crystal proteins, known as delta-endotoxins, from a gram-positive bacterium bacillus thuringiensis have been used as bio-pesticides for over 3 decades. by using a successive pcr method, the 1.8 kb cryia (c)bt gene coding for the fragment of protoxin was synthesized. different from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd 73 cry gene, the synthesized gene has the codon usage pattern of an average pseudomonas spp gene. 614 nucleotides were changed in the synthesized cryia (c)bt gene and th ... | 2001 | 12050814 |
| hydropathic complementarity determines interaction of epitope (869)hitdtnnk(876) in manduca sexta bt-r(1) receptor with loop 2 of domain ii of bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins. | in susceptible insects, cry toxin specificity correlates with receptor recognition. in previous work, we characterized an scfv antibody (scfv73) that inhibits binding of cry1a toxins to cadherin-like receptor. the cdr3 region of scfv73 shared homology with an 8-amino acid epitope ((869)hitdtnnk(876)) of the manduca sexta cadherin-like receptor bt-r(1) (gomez, i., oltean, d. i., gill, s. s., bravo, a., and soberón, m. (2001) j. biol. chem. 276, 28906-28912). in this work, we show that the previou ... | 2002 | 12050155 |
| the case of the monarch butterfly: a verdict is returned. | a publication reporting the harmful effects on the monarch butterfly of maize genetically modified to express insecticidal delta-endotoxins from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) caused much public interest. a series of ecologically based studies were subsequently carried out to evaluate rigorously the impact of pollen from such crops and to quantify the risks. the results demonstrated that the commercial large-scale cultivation of current bt-maize hybrids did not pose a significant ... | 2002 | 12047949 |
| characterization of the proteolytic enzymes in the midgut of the european cockchafer, melolontha melolontha (coleoptera: scarabaeidae). | in previous studies we showed that the resistance of the european cockchafer, melolontha melolontha, towards the scarab specific cry8c toxin of bacillus thuringiensis japonensis strain buibui is due to the complexity of proteinases in the midgut of the pest insect. in this study these proteinases were identified and characterized using a combination of synthetic substrates and specific inhibitors in zymograms, activity blots, and photometric/fluorometric assays. in the midgut juice three trypsin ... | 2002 | 12044497 |
| gm crops and the pesticide paradigm. | 2002 | 12042850 | |
| regulatory oversight in developing nations. | 2002 | 12042849 | |
| enterotoxin production in natural isolates of bacillaceae outside the bacillus cereus group. | thirty-nine bacillus strains obtained from a variety of environmental and food sources were screened by pcr for the presence of five gene targets (hblc, hbld, hbla, nhea, and nheb) in two enterotoxin operons (hbl and nhe) traditionally harbored by bacillus cereus. seven isolates exhibited a positive signal for at least three of the five possible targets, including bacillus amyloliquefaciens, b. cereus, bacillus circulans, bacillus lentimorbis, bacillus pasteurii, and bacillus thuringiensis subsp ... | 2002 | 12039781 |
| a strain of bacillus sphaericus causes slower development of resistance in culex quinquefasciatus. | two field-collected culex quinquefasciatus colonies were subjected to selection pressure by three strains of bacillus sphaericus, c3-41, 2362, and iab59, under laboratory conditions. after 13 and 18 generations of exposure to high concentrations of c3-41 and iab59, a field-collected low-level-resistant colony developed >144,000- and 46.3-fold resistance to strains c3-41 and iab59, respectively. a field-collected susceptible colony was selected with 2362 and iab59 for 46 and 12 generations and at ... | 2002 | 12039761 |
| the inha2 metalloprotease of bacillus thuringiensis strain 407 is required for pathogenicity in insects infected via the oral route. | the entomopathogenic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis is known to secrete a zinc metalloprotease (inha) that specifically cleaves antibacterial peptides produced by insect hosts. we identified a second copy of the inha gene, named inha2, in b. thuringiensis strain 407 cry(-). the inha2 gene encodes a putative polypeptide showing 66.2% overall identity with the inha protein and harboring the zinc-binding domain (hexxh), which is characteristic of the zinc-requiring metalloproteases. we used a tra ... | 2002 | 12029046 |
| aminopeptidase n isoforms from the midgut of bombyx mori and plutella xylostella -- their classification and the factors that determine their binding specificity to bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxin. | novel aminopeptidase n (apn) isoform cdnas, bmapn3 and pxapn3, from the midguts of bombyx mori and plutella xylostella, respectively, were cloned, and a total of eight apn isoforms cloned from b. mori and p. xylostella were classified into four classes. bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa and cry1ab toxins were found to bind to specific apn isoforms from the midguts of b. mori and p. xylostella, and binding occurred with fragments that corresponded to the bmapn1 cry1aa toxin-binding region of each apn ... | 2002 | 12023048 |
| toxicity studies of microbial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis var. kenyae in rats, rabbits, and fish. | bacillus thuringiensis var. kenyae (b.t.k.) is a microbial insecticide effective against lepidopteran pest species. acute oral toxicity in rats and acute dermal toxicity, ocular irritation, skin irritation in rabbits were studied for the wettable powder formulation of b.t.k. in addition, toxicity of the wettable powder formulation was also studied in fresh water fish (gambussia affinis). the results of these studies indicate that this wettable powder formulation of b.t.k. is nontoxic and nonirri ... | 2002 | 12022636 |
| pulse-exposure effects of selected insecticides to juvenile australian crimson-spotted rainbowfish (melanotaenia duboulayi). | laboratory toxicity studies were conducted in southeastern queensland, australia, to determine the acute lethal effects of a 1-h pulse exposure of selected insecticides to adult and juvenile (<72 h old) crimson-spotted rainbowfish, melanotaenia duboulayi (castlenau). in addition, to its ecological significance, this native fish is a predator of mosquitoes. two organophosphate (op) compounds (temephos and pirimiphos-methyl), an entomophathogenic bacterium (bacillus thuringiensis variety israelens ... | 2002 | 12020003 |
| utilization of bt corn residues by grazing beef steers and bt corn silage and grain by growing beef cattle and lactating dairy cows. | three experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of the bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-11 transformation event in two parental corn hybrids differing in date of maturity on beef and dairy cattle performance. sixteen lactating holstein dairy cows in replicated 4 x 4 latin squares were assigned to four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement: bt vs non-bt trait and early- vs late-maturing corn hybrids. the diets contained 40% of the test corn silage plus 28% corn grain from the same corn hybrid ... | 2002 | 12019625 |
| n-terminal activation is an essential early step in the mechanism of action of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac insecticidal toxin. | a variant form of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin that is not cleaved at the n terminus during proteolytic activation with trypsin was found to be incapable of forming pores in manduca sexta brush border membrane vesicles in vitro and had reduced insecticidal activity in vivo. binding studies indicated an altered binding pattern of the mutant toxin in that bound toxin could not be fully displaced by a high molar excess of fully trypsin-activated toxin. these results suggest that proteoly ... | 2002 | 12019259 |
| [biotechnology in the modern world: benefits and risks]. | 2002 | 12012599 | |
| comparison of different methodologies for binding assays of bacillus thuringiensis toxins to membrane vesicles from insect midguts. | 2001 | 12009811 | |
| active form of dipteran-specific insecticidal protein crylla produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the nucleotide sequence of the cry11a gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain hd522 was analyzed and the molecular characterization of crylla toxin was done. the 70-kda crylla protoxin was processed in vitro into 36- and 32-kda fragments by trypsin and into 34- and 32-kda fragments by gut proteases from c. pipiens. these two processed fragments are associated together to form the heterodimer. the results of the binding assay with bbmv and the bioassay toward c. pipiens larvae ... | 2002 | 12005043 |
| variation in rrna operon number as revealed by ribotyping of bacillus anthracis strains. | ribotyping of various bacillus strains with one restriction enzyme (acci) revealed significant similarity between bacillus anthracis strains, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus strains, which are all members of the bacillus cereus group. a further ribotyping study of 10 virulent and 8 attenuated b. anthracis strains, using 4 endonucleases and both 23s and 16s probes independently, was performed. the discrimination index d of hunter and gaston showed that the best combination for future l ... | 2002 | 12002563 |
| sterilization of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis products by gamma radiation. | this study examines the effect of routine gamma radiation based on cobalt 60 on the viability, mosquito larvicidal activity, and density of bacillus spores in the soil. although 1 g of unirradiated powder of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) contains on average 6.2 x 10(9) spores, no spores survived radiation doses of 20.6 kgy and higher. radiation at a dose of 20-25 kgy caused a 20-30% reduction in the effectiveness of bti powder against mosquito larvae. in areas treated with unirradiate ... | 2002 | 11998932 |
| indoor thermal fogging against vector mosquitoes with two bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, vectobac abg 6511 water-dispersible granules and vectobac 12as liquid. | bioefficacy of thermal fogging application of 2 bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, vectobac abg 6511 water-dispersible granules (3,000 international toxic unit [itu]/mg) and vectobac 12as liquid (1,200 itu/mg), was assessed for larvicidal activities against aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, anopheles dirus, and culex quinquefasciatus. portable agrofog af35 sprayers were used to apply the 2 formulations indoors in residential premises on penang island, malaysia. vectobac abg 6511 sho ... | 2002 | 11998931 |
| recognition and management of acute pesticide poisoning. | most poisonings from pesticides do not have a specific antidote, making decontamination the most important intervention. for maximal benefit to the patient, skin, eye, and gastric decontamination should be undertaken while specifics of the poisoning are being determined. as in most illnesses and injuries, the history of the poisoning is of great importance and will determine specific needs for decontamination and therapy, if any exist. protection of health care workers during the decontamination ... | 2002 | 11998835 |
| amino acid and divalent ion permeability of the pores formed by the bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1aa and cry1ac in insect midgut brush border membrane vesicles. | the pores formed by bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins have been shown to allow the diffusion of a variety of monovalent cations and anions and neutral solutes. to further characterize their ion selectivity, membrane permeability induced by cry1aa and cry1ac to amino acids (asp, glu, ser, leu, his, lys and arg) and to divalent cations (mg(2+), ca(2+) and ba(2+)) and anions (so(4)(2-) and phosphate) was analyzed at ph 7.5 and 10.5 with midgut brush border membrane vesicles isolated from m ... | 2002 | 11997117 |
| role of helix 3 in pore formation by the bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxin cry1aa. | helix 3 of the cry1aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis possesses eight charged amino acids. these residues, with the exception of those involved in intramolecular salt bridges (e90, r93, e112, and r115), were mutated individually either to a neutral or to an oppositely charged amino acid. the mutated genes were expressed, and the resultant, trypsin-activated toxins were assessed for their toxicity to manduca sexta larvae and their ability to permeabilize m. sexta larval midgut brush border memb ... | 2002 | 11994014 |
| larvicidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki, morrisoni (strain tenebrionis), and israelensis have no microbicidal or microbiostatic activity against selected bacteria, fungi, and algae in vitro. | the insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki (antilepidopteran), morrisoni strain tenebrionis (anticoleopteran), and israelensis (antidipteran) did not affect the growth of a variety of bacteria (8 gram-negative, 5 gram-positive, and a cyanobacterium), fungi (2 zygomycetes, 1 ascomycete, 2 deuteromycetes, and 2 yeasts), and algae (primarily green and diatoms) in pure and mixed culture, as determined by dilution, disk-diffusion, and sporulation assays with purified free an ... | 2002 | 11989771 |
| long-term survival and germination of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki in a field trial. | long-term survival, dispersal, and germination of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki dmu67r has been investigated in a field trial. an experimental cabbage plot was sprayed with dmu67r in 1993 and allowed to lie fallow since. the investigations reported here were carried out from 1997 to 2000 in this plot. high persistence of dmu67r for 7 years in the bulk soil of the plot has been demonstrated. the numbers have not significantly reduced since 1994, stabilizing around 6.6 x 10(2) cfu/g from 19 ... | 2002 | 11989770 |
| isolation of plant-growth-promoting bacillus strains from soybean root nodules. | endophytic bacteria reside within plant tissues and have often been found to promote plant growth. fourteen strains of putative endophytic bacteria, not including endosymbiotic bradyrhizobium strains, were isolated from surface-sterilized soybean (glycine max. (l.) merr.) root nodules. these isolates were designated as non-bradyrhizobium endophytic bacteria (neb). three isolates (neb4, neb5, and neb17) were found to increase soybean weight when plants were co-inoculated with one of the isolates ... | 2002 | 11989767 |
| pore formation activity of cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis in an improved membrane vesicle preparation from manduca sexta midgut cell microvilli. | the pore formation activity of cry1ab toxin is analyzed in an improved membrane preparation from apical microvilli structures of manduca sexta midgut epithelium cells (mec). a novel methodology is described to isolate mec and brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) from purified microvilli structures. the specific enrichment of apical membrane enzyme markers aminopeptidase (apn) and alkaline phosphatase (aph) were 35- and 22-fold, respectively, as compared to the whole midgut cell homogenate. liga ... | 2002 | 11988223 |
| physiological and molecular detection of crystalliferous bacillus thuringiensis strains from habitats in the south central united states. | gram-positive, endospore-forming bacillus thuringiensis-like strains were isolated from 95 of 413 samples collected at the 0-5 cm depth of noncultivated soils and stagnant or dried-up ponds as well as from dust from stored grain products in south central united states. based on the production of parasporal crystals, 25 isolates were identified as b. thuringiensis after examining 227 b. thuringiensis-like colonies. the greatest proportion of samples yielding b. thuringiensis were from the dust fr ... | 2002 | 11986933 |
| cell biology and high pressure: applications and risks. | 2002 | 11983412 | |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis and b. sphaericus to laboratory populations of drosophila melanogaster (diptera: drosophilidae). | a total of 65 samples, consisting of 8 sample types, collected from the jordan valley, were examined for the presence of bacillus thuringiensis and b. sphaericus and for their toxicity against the larvae of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster. the frequency of samples containing toxic aerobic spore-forming bacilli was 12%; of which 21.7% belonged to b. thuringiensis and 17.4% to b. sphaericus. the b. thuringiensis populations consisted of 5 serogroups: thuringiensis (h1), entomocidus (h6), pak ... | 2002 | 11981874 |
| denaturation of either manduca sexta aminopeptidase n or bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins exposes binding epitopes hidden under nondenaturing conditions. | the effect of polypeptide denaturation of bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins or purified manduca sexta 120-kda aminopeptidase n on the specificities of their interactions was investigated. ligand and dot blotting experiments were conducted with (125)i-labeled cry1ac, cry1ac mutant (509)qnr-aaa(511) (qnr-aaa), or 120-kda aminopeptidase n as the probe. mutant qnr-aaa does not bind the n-acetylgalactosamine moiety on the 120-kda aminopeptidase. both (125)i-cry1ac and (125)i-qnr-aaa bound to 210- a ... | 2002 | 11976078 |
| discrimination of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis with 16s rrna and gyrb gene based pcr primers and sequencing of their annealing sites. | to evaluate the possibility for discrimination of bacillus cereus and b. thuringiensis using 16s rrna and gyrb gene based pcr methods, and to obtain the sequences of the primer annealing sites so that the pcr results may be explained. | 2002 | 11972696 |
| contents of cry genes and insecticidal toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis strains from terrestrial and aquatic habitats. | two bacillus thuringiensis collections from terrestrial and aquatic habitats were compared in order to study the possible interrelationships between habitat and biological characteristics (serovar, cry genes content and toxicity). | 2002 | 11966916 |
| sporulation and delta-endotoxin synthesis by bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis is distinguished from the very closely related bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis by the presence of several plasmid-encoded delta-endotoxin genes. these delta-endotoxins, synthesized as protoxins, are produced in large quantities during sporulation and are packaged into intracellular inclusions. ingestion of the inclusions by insect larvae leads to protoxin solubilization and conversion to toxins each specific for one of several orders of insects. the toxins form cati ... | 2002 | 11964120 |
| [entomopathogenic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis as producers of restriction endonucleases]. | a total of 115 collection strains of bacillus thuringiensis, belonging to various subspecies, have been studied for the presence of dna restriction-modification systems. restriction endonucleases of 13 strains have been isolated and characterized. no considerable correlations between the taxonomic positions of the bacteria and the specificities of the endonucleases isolated have been detected. it is concluded that the enzymes with identical specificities are present in both the crystalliferous a ... | 2002 | 11962209 |
| identification of a promoter for the crystal protein-encoding gene cry1ia from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | expression of cry1ia, one of the insecticidal protein genes of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, was studied at the transcriptional level. by primer extension analysis, we have identified for the first time, the transcription start point of cry1ia. upstream from the cry1ia transcription start point, was found a nucleotide sequence partially homologous to the consensus sequence for the e sigma(e) holoenzyme of bacillus subtilis. thus, it was strongly suggested that the identified cry1ia pro ... | 2002 | 11959439 |
| isolation and characterization of bacillus cereus-like bacteria from faecal samples from greenhouse workers who are using bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticides. | since the discovery of the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis at the beginning of the twentieth century, this bacterium has been used increasingly against various insect pests. in spite of the extensive use of b. thuringiensis, only sporadic clinical case reports have been published. in recent years, the close relationship between b. thuringiensis and the human pathogen bacillus cereus has been confirmed. in practice, only the insecticidal activity of b. thuringiensis distinguishes ... | 2002 | 11954987 |
| the specificity of inhibition of dna-dependent rna polymerase by bacillus thuringiensis exotoxin. | 1970 | 11947580 | |
| preferential in vivo inhibition of ribosomal ribonucleic acid synthesis in mouse liver by the exotoxin of bacillus thüringiensis. | 1972 | 11946512 | |
| use of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis berliner corn hybrids to determine the direct economic impact of the european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) on field corn in eastern canada. | transgenic corn expressing bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt corn) (maximizer and yieldgard hybrids, novartis seeds), non-bt isolines and high-performance (check) hybrids were evaluated for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), damage and grain yield in commercial strip plots across ontario in 1996 and 1997. bt corn hybrids reduced stalk tunneling damage by 88-100%. in 1996, minimal damage was found in locations where only one generation of european corn borer occurred per year. bt ... | 2002 | 11942765 |
| comparison of bacillus thuringiensis corn hybrids and insecticide-treated isolines exposed to bivoltine european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in south dakota. | the performances of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn hybrids and permethrin-treated isolines were evaluated in south dakota from 1997 to 1999. the corn hybrids were exposed to natural seasonal fluctuations of a bivoltine ecotype european corn borer population. larval injury parameters, grain yields, and gross incomes were quantified during the 3-yr study. the use of either bt hybrids or whorl-applied permethrin granules resulted in significant yield advantages in only 1 out of 3 yr of performanc ... | 2002 | 11942752 |
| oviposition on and mining in bolls of bt and non-bt cotton by resistant and susceptible pink bollworm (lepidoptera: gelechiidae). | transgenic cotton that produces insecticidal crystal protein cry1ac of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been effective in controlling pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders). we compared responses to bolls of bt cotton and non-bt cotton by adult females and neonates from susceptible and cry1ac-resistant strains of pink bollworm. in choice tests on caged cotton plants in the greenhouse, neither susceptible nor resistant females laid fewer eggs on bt cotton bolls than on non-bt cotton bo ... | 2002 | 11942750 |
| examination of the f2 screen for rare resistance alleles to bacillus thuringiensis toxins in the diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | a synthetic laboratory population of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), was used to test the f2 screen developed for detecting the frequency of rare resistance alleles to cry1ac and cry1c toxins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). of the 120 single-pair matings set up, 106 produced enough f2 families for screening of cry1ac or cry1c resistance alleles using both transgenic broccoli and an artificial diet overlay assay with a diagnostic dose. when using bt broccoli plants as the f2 scree ... | 2002 | 11942749 |
| expression of the mel gene from pseudomonas maltophilia in bacillus thuringiensis. | the objective of this work was to express a novel mel gene, responsible for melanin formation, in bacillus thuringiensis. | 2002 | 11940152 |
| characterization of cell lines developed from the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata say (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | in order to isolate new pathogens (viruses, microsporidia, etc.) or to evaluate the efficiency of some pathogens (serovarieties and mutants of bacillus thuringiensis, fungi, etc.) in the control of colorado potato beetle, an economically important pest, we established four cell lines from tissues of this insect. one was initiated from embryonated egg fragments in the m3 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (fbs) and then transferred after several passages to the ex-cell 400 medium wit ... | 2002 | 11928998 |
| the effects of aerial spraying with bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki on children with asthma. | to determine if aerially spraying a biological pesticide was associated with an increase in the symptoms or change in the peak expiratory flow rate of children with asthma. | 2002 | 11925695 |
| identification of quorum-quenching n-acyl homoserine lactonases from bacillus species. | a range of gram-negative bacterial species use n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) molecules as quorum-sensing signals to regulate different biological functions, including production of virulence factors. ahl is also known as an autoinducer. an autoinducer inactivation gene, aiia, coding for an ahl lactonase, was cloned from a bacterial isolate, bacillus sp. strain 240b1. here we report identification of more than 20 bacterial isolates capable of enzymatic inactivation of ahls from different source ... | 2002 | 11916693 |
| role of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 delta endotoxin binding in determining potency during lepidopteran larval development. | five economically important crop pests, manduca sexta, pieris brassicae, mamestra brassicae, spodoptera exigua, and agrotis ipsilon, were tested at two stages of larval development for susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac, cry1ca, cry1j, and cry1ba. bioassay results for m. sexta showed that resistance to all four cry toxins increased from the neonate stage to the third-instar stage; the increase in resistance was most dramatic for cry1ac, the potency of which decreased 37-fold. ... | 2002 | 11916662 |
| role of tryptophan residues in interfacial binding of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) from bacillus thuringiensis exhibits several types of interfacial activation. in the crystal structure of the closely related bacillus cereus pi-plc, the rim of the active site is flanked by a short helix b and a loop that show an unusual clustering of hydrophobic amino acids. two of the seven tryptophans in pi-plc are among the exposed residues. to test the importance of these residues in substrate and activator binding, we prepared sev ... | 2002 | 11912206 |
| characterization of a new bacillus thuringiensis isolate highly active against cochylis hospes. | a new bacterial isolate, 00-50-5, from sunflower head extracts was identified as bacillus thuringiensis (bt) according to its morphology. bt isolate 00-50-5 was highly active against the banded sunflower moth (bsm), cochylis hospes walsingham. a sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) 4-15% gradient gel of whole strain protein of 00-50-5 revealed six proteins with molecular masses (mr) of 133, 80, 60, 27, 15, and 14 kda. sds-page of ph 4.2-precipitated proteins (pp) o ... | 2002 | 11910499 |
| effect of sublethal concentration of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on food and developmental needs of the american bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner). | effect of sublethal concentration of b. thuringiensis on the first, third, fourth and fifth instar larvae of the american bollworm, h. armigera was investigated to study their response to food consumption, digestion, utilization, and their development till adult formation. the young larvae surviving b. thuringiensis treatment in their first instar and third instar delayed larval period by two to three days, but did not consume more food as compared to control. however, they showed higher digesti ... | 2001 | 11906106 |
| polydispersity of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 toxins in solution and its effect on receptor binding kinetics. | dynamic light scattering and surface plasmon resonance techniques were used to investigate the influence of ionic strength, buffer composition and ph on the multimerization of trypsin-activated cry1ac and cry1c toxins over time and the subsequent effects of the different multimers on receptor binding models. in carbonate buffer at ph 10.5, cry1ac and cry1c assumed a monomeric state. after 24 h, a complete conversion of monomeric toxin to a dimeric or trimeric form was observed only for cry1ac un ... | 2002 | 11904222 |
| cadherin-like receptor binding facilitates proteolytic cleavage of helix alpha-1 in domain i and oligomer pre-pore formation of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin. | cry toxins form lytic pores in the insect midgut cells. the role of receptor interaction in the process of protoxin activation was analyzed. incubation of cry1ab protoxin with a single chain antibody that mimics the cadherin-like receptor and treatment with manduca sexta midgut juice or trypsin, resulted in toxin preparations with high pore-forming activity in vitro. this activity correlates with the formation of a 250 kda oligomer that lacks the helix alpha-1 of domain i. the oligomer, in contr ... | 2002 | 11904158 |
| changes in protease activity and cry3aa toxin binding in the colorado potato beetle: implications for insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins. | widespread commercial use of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins to control pest insects has increased the likelihood for development of insect resistance to this entomopathogen. in this study, we investigated protease activity profiles and toxin-binding capacities in the midgut of a strain of colorado potato beetle (cpb) that has developed resistance to the cry3aa toxin of b. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. histological examination revealed that the structural integrity of the midgut tissue in ... | 2002 | 11891133 |
| the incompatibility between the plcr- and atxa-controlled regulons may have selected a nonsense mutation in bacillus anthracis. | bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus are members of the bacillus cereus group. these bacteria express virulence in diverse ways in mammals and insects. the pathogenic properties of b. cereus and b. thuringiensis in mammals results largely from the secretion of non-specific toxins, including haemolysins, the production of which depends upon a pleiotropic activator plcr. in b. anthracis, plcr is inactive because of a nonsense mutation in the plcr gene. this suggests that ... | 2001 | 11886551 |
| effect of shear stress on cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis for thuringiensin production. | cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis for thuringiensin production is a mixed-growth-associated system. cultivation conditions should be different during the cell growth stage and production stage. in this study, agitation speed and aeration rate were varied during the exponential growth phase and stationary phase in order to investigate the effect of shear stress via agitation on cultivation of b. thuringiensis for thuringiensin production. it was found that shear stress had a significant effec ... | 2002 | 11876409 |
| the occurrence and properties of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from free-living animals. | to assess the prevalence and properties of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from the intestines of small mammals. | 2002 | 11874541 |
| genetic differentiation between sympatric populations of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. | little is known about genetic exchanges in natural populations of bacteria of the spore-forming bacillus cereus group, because no population genetics studies have been performed with local sympatric populations. we isolated strains of bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus from small samples of soil collected at the same time from two separate geographical sites, one within the forest and the other at the edge of the forest. a total of 100 b. cereus and 98 b. thuringiensis strains were isolated an ... | 2002 | 11872495 |
| characterization of cyt2bc toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin. | we cloned and sequenced a new cytolysin gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin. three is240-like insertion sequence elements and the previously cloned cyt1ab and p21 genes were found in the vicinity of the cytolysin gene. the cytolysin gene encodes a protein 29.7 kda in size that is 91.5% identical to cyt2ba from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and has been designated cyt2bc. inclusions containing cyt2bc were purified from the crystal-negative strain spl407 of b. thuringiensi ... | 2002 | 11872472 |
| novel bacillus thuringiensis binary insecticidal crystal proteins active on western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. | a new family of insecticidal crystal proteins was discovered by screening sporulated bacillus thuringiensis cultures for oral activity against western corn rootworm (wcr) larvae. b. thuringiensis isolates ps80jj1, ps149b1, and ps167h2 have wcr insecticidal activity attributable to parasporal inclusion bodies containing proteins with molecular masses of ca. 14 and 44 kda. the genes encoding these polypeptides reside in apparent operons, and the 14-kda protein open reading frame (orf) precedes the ... | 2002 | 11872461 |
| diversity of bacillus thuringiensis strains from colombia with insecticidal activity against spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera:noctuidae). | to identify and characterize bacillus thuringiensis strains highly toxic to spodoptera frugiperda, and to explore the genetic diversity of such strains. | 2002 | 11872122 |
| genetically modified feeds in animal nutrition. 1st communication: bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn in poultry, pig and ruminant nutrition. | during the last few years, animal nutrition has been confronted with genetically modified organisms (gmo), and their significance will increase in the future. the study presents investigations on the substantial equivalence of the transgenic bt (bacillus thuringiensis) corn and the corresponding nontransgenic hybrid cesar and parameters of nutrition physiology such as digestibility and energy content for poultry, pigs and ruminants. the results of the analysed corn samples as well as of the sila ... | 2001 | 11865766 |
| analysis of flour and food samples for cry9c from bioengineered corn. | starlink corn is a variety of yellow corn that has been genetically modified by the insertion of an altered cry9c gene into the plant genome. resulting in expression of the insecticidal cry9c protein. the u.s. environmental protection agency has approved starlink corn for use in animal feed but not in food intended for human consumption. therefore, under the u.s. food, drug, and cosmetic act, any food intended for human consumption in which the presence of starlink corn is indicated by the prese ... | 2002 | 11848580 |
| solid state fermentation of broiler litter for production of biocontrol agents. | several varieties of heat-sterilized broiler litter with 60% (wet basis, wb) moisture content were substrate in solid-state fermentations to produce biocontrol agents. litter varieties included litter produced by one flock of broilers from medicated and non-medicated controlled rations, and litter produced by two flocks and four flocks on a single application of bedding material from medicated commercial sources. litter preparations were inoculated with monocultures of bacillus thuringiensis ser ... | 2002 | 11848375 |
| toxicity and synergism in transgenic escherichia coli expressing four genes from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the genes cyt1aa and p20, encoding, respectively, cytolytic and accessory proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, were introduced into previously constructed clones expressing cry4aa and cry11aa in escherichia coli (ben-dov et al., 1995). fifteen clones with all possible combinations of the four genes were obtained and found to express the genes included. two new combinations, pve4-adrc and pve4-arc, expressing cyt1aa, p20 and cry4aa, with or without cry11aa, respectively, were mo ... | 2001 | 11846773 |
| heliothis virescens and manduca sexta lipid rafts are involved in cry1a toxin binding to the midgut epithelium and subsequent pore formation. | lipid rafts are characterized by their insolubility in nonionic detergents such as triton x-100 at 4 degrees c. they have been studied in mammals, where they play critical roles in protein sorting and signal transduction. to understand the potential role of lipid rafts in lepidopteran insects, we isolated and analyzed the protein and lipid components of these lipid raft microdomains from the midgut epithelial membrane of heliothis virescens and manduca sexta. like their mammalian counterparts, h ... | 2002 | 11836242 |
| characterization of genetic diversity of some serovars of bacillus thuringiensis by rapd. | rapd based fingerprinting of 21 serovars of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) representing different serotypes was performed using 19 random decamer primers. a total of 172 polymorphic fragments, ranging in size from 161-2789 bp, were amplified from 13 of the 19 primers. pairwise genetic similarity analysis revealed very low similarity values, ranging from 3-68%, among the serovars of bt, indicating high genetic divergence. nineteen serovars of bt fell in two major clusters and remaining two formed so ... | 2001 | 11831372 |
| fungal growth and fusarium mycotoxin content in isogenic traditional maize and genetically modified maize grown in france and spain. | fungi of the genus fusarium are common fungal contaminants of maize and are also known to produce mycotoxins. maize that has been genetically modified to express a bt endotoxin has been used to study the effect of insect resistance on fungal infection of maize grains by fusarium species and their related mycotoxins. maize grain from bt hybrids and near-isogenic traditional hybrids was collected in france and spain from the 1999 crop, which was grown under natural conditions. according to the erg ... | 2002 | 11829636 |
| control of aedes breeding using bactoculicide and neem oil combination in evaporation coolers. | 2000 | 11820084 | |
| [effects of heavy charged particles on strains of microorganisms-producers of biologically active substances]. | effects of heavy charged particles on strains of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki z-52 and arthrobacter oc-1 have been studied. evidence was obtained that heavy charged particles impact the morphologocultural and physiological properties of culture. as noted, the conditions of orbital flight may be considered a source of mutagenic effects on cultures of microorganisms. | 2000 | 11816408 |
| physical mapping of the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and alesti chromosomes. | two strains of the well-known insect pathogen and biopesticide, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), belonging to subspecies alesti (strain bt5) and kurstaki (strain bt213), were chosen for genetic characterization. the two strains belong to different serotypes and are currently classified into different subspecies, although their insecticidal activity is similar. physical maps were constructed of bt alesti and bt kurstaki using pulsed field gel electrophoreses (pfge), and the map positions of several g ... | 2002 | 11815850 |