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Immunochemical studies of Salmonella Dakar and Salmonella Telaviv O-antigens (serogroup O:28).Salmonella Dakar and Salmonella Telaviv bacteria belong to serogroup O:28, which represents 107 serovars and possesses only the epitope O28. Salmonella Telaviv has the subfactors O28(1) and O28(2) , whereas S. Dakar has O28(1) and O28(3) . So far, only limited serological and immunological information for this serogroup is available in the literature. Knowledge of the structures of their O-polysaccharides and the immunochemical investigations performed in this work allowed to reveal the nature ...201222092663
infection of mice by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis involves additional genes that are absent in the genome of serovar typhimurium.salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) causes a systemic, typhoid-like infection in newly hatched poultry and mice. in the present study, a library of 54,000 transposon mutants of s. enteritidis pt4 strain p125109 was screened for mutants deficient in the in vivo colonization of balb/c mouse model using a microarray-based negative selection screening. mutants in genes known to contribute to systemic infection (e.g. spi-2, aro, rfa, rfb, phop, phoq) and enteric infection (e.g. s ...201122083712
Thiosulfate Reduction in Salmonella enterica Is Driven by the Proton Motive Force.Thiosulfate respiration in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is catalyzed by the membrane-bound enzyme thiosulfate reductase. Experiments with quinone biosynthesis mutants show that menaquinol is the sole electron donor to thiosulfate reductase. However, the reduction of thiosulfate by menaquinol is highly endergonic under standard conditions (?E°' = -328 mV). Thiosulfate reductase activity was found to depend on the proton motive force (PMF) across the cytoplasmic membrane. A structural m ...201222081391
chicken feet bacteriological quality at 4 steps of technological processing.the production of chicken feet is primarily intended for foreign markets, and there is still no specific legislation in brazil that determines the quality standard of these products. the bacteriological quality of chicken feet was evaluated as a product for human consumption at different steps of the technological processes. eighty broiler feet from 20 lots at 4 steps of processing were collected for quantitative analysis, total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, and determining the most prob ...201122080026
meta-analytic approach to the accurate prediction of secreted virulence effectors in gram-negative bacteria.many pathogens use a type iii secretion system to translocate virulence proteins (called effectors) in order to adapt to the host environment. to date, many prediction tools for effector identification have been developed. however, these tools are insufficiently accurate for producing a list of putative effectors that can be applied directly for labor-intensive experimental verification. this also suggests that important features of effectors have yet to be fully characterized.201122078363
porcine ipec-j2 intestinal epithelial cells in microbiological investigations.ipec-j2 cells are porcine intestinal columnar epithelial cells that were isolated from neonatal piglet mid-jejunum. this cell line forms polarized monolayers with high transepithelial electrical resistance when cultured on 0.4μm pore-size filters. the cell line is unique in that it is derived from small intestinal tissue (compared to the common human colon-derived lines ht-29, t84, and caco-2) and is not transformed (compared to the porcine small intestinal line, ipi-2i). porcine intestinal epit ...201122074860
cell-associated flagella enhance the protection conferred by mucosally-administered attenuated salmonella paratyphi a vaccines.antibiotic-resistant salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a, the agent of paratyphoid a fever, poses an emerging public health dilemma in endemic areas of asia and among travelers, as there is no licensed vaccine. integral to our efforts to develop a s. paratyphi a vaccine, we addressed the role of flagella as a potential protective antigen by comparing cell-associated flagella with exported flagellin subunits expressed by attenuated strains.201122069504
characterization of class i integrons among salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated from humans and poultry.a total of 84 salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) isolates, 42 of human and 42 of poultry origin, were characterized for antimicrobial resistance patterns and class i integrons. among them, 58 (69%) s. enteritidis were multidrug-resistant (mdr) and showed resistance to two or more antibiotic classes. by pcr assays and dna sequencing, 50 (59.5%) s. enteritidis isolates were found to carry class i integrons. amplification of internal variable regions of class i integrons revea ...201122066813
Composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Scutellaria grossa Wall ex Benth.The chemical composition of the steam volatile oil of the whole aerial part of Scutellaria grossa Wall ex Benth. (Lamiaceae), obtained by steam distillation, has been analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. The oil was found to be rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (88.6%). A total of 50 constituents were identified, representing 94.4% of the total oil composition. Linalool (37.0%) and 1-octen-3-ol (32.0%) were found to be the principal constituents. The antibacterial activity of the oil was determined ...201222060314
Extended-spectrum ß-lactamases in German isolates belonging to the emerging monophasic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium 4,[5],12:i:- European clone. 201122058374
Control of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in chicken breast meat by irradiation combined with modified atmosphere packaging.Salmonella is one of the leading causes of human foodborne illnesses originating from meat and poultry products. Cross-contamination of Salmonella from raw to cooked products continues to be problematic in the food industry. Therefore, new intervention strategies are needed for meat and poultry products. Vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) are common packaging techniques used to extend the shelf life of meat products. Irradiation has been well established as an antibacterial treatment ...201122054182
evolution of salmonella nomenclature: a critical note.salmonellae are widely distributed but nomenclaturally controversial pathogens of both humans and animals. despite elaborate studies, much still remain to be discovered about these organisms. although salmonella nomenclature has proved to be rather complex, in 2005, salmonella enterica finally gained official approval as the type species of the genus salmonella. in addition, one other species has been approved and recognised in the genus salmonella, namely, salmonella bongori. new serovars (sero ...201122052214
effects of residual antibiotics in groundwater on salmonella typhimurium: changes in antibiotic resistance, in vivo and in vitro pathogenicity.an outbreak-causing strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was exposed to groundwater with residual antibiotics for up to four weeks. representative concentrations (0.05, 1, and 100 μg l(-1)) of amoxicillin, tetracycline, and a mixture of several other antibiotics (1 μg l(-1) each) were spiked into artificially prepared groundwater (agw). antibiotic susceptibility analysis and the virulence response of stressed salmonella were determined on a weekly basis by using human epithelial cel ...201122051852
a regional salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium outbreak associated with raw beef products, the netherlands, 2010.abstract between april and may 2010, several medical microbiological laboratories in the netherlands notified a total of 90 cases of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium with the same antibiogram type (resistant for ampicillin, tetracycline, and co-trimoxazol) and the same multiple locus variable number tandem repeats analysis pattern (03-16-09-na-311) or single locus variants. date of illness onset ranged from end of march to mid-may with a peak in the second week of april. almost half of ...201122047057
Analysis of the expression, secretion and translocation of the Salmonella enterica type III secretion system effector SteA.Many Gram-negative pathogens possess virulence-related type III secretion systems. Salmonella enterica uses two of these systems, encoded on the pathogenicity islands SPI-1 and SPI-2, respectively, to translocate more than 30 effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. SteA is one of the few effectors that can be translocated by both systems. We investigated the conditions affecting the synthesis of this effector, its secretion to culture media and its translocation into host cells. Whereas st ...201122046414
Lrp acts as both a positive and negative regulator for type 1 fimbriae production in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.Leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) is known to be an indirect activator of type 1 fimbriae synthesis in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium via direct regulation of FimZ, a direct positive regulator for type 1 fimbriae production. Using RT-PCR, we have shown previously that fimA transcription is dramatically impaired in both lrp-deletion (?lrp) and constitutive-lrp expression (lrp(C)) mutant strains. In this work, we used chromosomal P(fimA)-lacZ fusions and yeast agglutination assa ...201122046399
Proteolytic targeting of Rab29 by an effector protein distinguishes the intracellular compartments of human-adapted and broad-host Salmonella.Unlike broad-host Salmonella serovars, which cause self-limiting disease, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi can infect only humans causing typhoid fever, a life-threatening systemic disease. The molecular bases for these differences are presently unknown. Here we show that the GTPase Rab29 (Rab7L1) distinguishes the intracellular vacuole of human-adapted and broad-host Salmonella serovars. A screen to identify host factors required for the export of typhoid toxin, which is exclusively encoded by ...201122042847
Resolving the contributions of the membrane-bound and periplasmic nitrate reductase systems to nitric oxide and nitrous oxide production in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.The production of cytotoxic nitric oxide (NO) and conversion into the neuropharmacological agent and potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is linked with anoxic nitrate catabolism by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Salmonella can synthesize two types of nitrate reductase: a membrane-bound form (Nar) and a periplasmic form (Nap). Nitrate catabolism was studied under nitrate-rich and nitrate-limited conditions in chemostat cultures following transition from oxic to anoxic conditions. ...201222039967
excision of an unstable pathogenicity island in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is induced during infection of phagocytic cells.the availability of the complete genome sequence of several salmonella enterica serovars has revealed the presence of unstable genetic elements in these bacteria, such as pathogenicity islands and prophages. this is the case of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis), a bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans and systemic infection in mice. the whole genome sequence analysis for s. enteritidis unveiled the presence of several genetic regions that are absent in other salm ...201122039432
A single method for recovery and concentration of enteric viruses and bacteria from fresh-cut vegetables.Fresh-cut vegetables are prone to be contaminated with foodborne pathogens during growth, harvest, transport and further processing and handling. As most of these products are generally eaten raw or mildly treated, there is an increase in the number of outbreaks caused by viruses and bacteria associated with fresh vegetables. Foodborne pathogens are usually present at very low levels and have to be concentrated (i.e. viruses) or enriched (i.e. bacteria) to enhance their detection. With this aim, ...201222036077
multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica. 201122035610
Detecting non-typhoid Salmonella in humans by ELISAs: a literature review.Non-typhoid salmonellosis is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness throughout the world. Serological methods for the diagnosis of Salmonella infections vary widely and the most commonly used test is limited by high running costs as well as low sensitivity and specificity. Fast and reliable immunoassays which detect subunit antigens for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi are commercially available but at present there is no international consensus on similar tests for ...201222034162
Breast Abscess in a Man Due to Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis.Nontyphoidal salmonellae can cause breast infection only exceptionally. A case of breast abscess in a 70-year-old man due to Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) is reported. The infection was successfully treated with a combination of surgical and antibiotic treatment.201222031702
Salmonella, the host and its microbiota.The intestine is host to a diverse bacterial community whose structure, at the phylum level, is maintained through unknown mechanisms. Acute inflammation triggered by enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), is accompanied by changes in the bacterial community structure marked by an outgrowth of the pathogen. Recent studies show that S. Typhimurium can harness benefit from the host response to edge out the beneficial bacterial species that dominate in ...201122030447
reductions of salmonella enterica on chicken breast by thymol, acetic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate or hydrogen peroxide combinations as compared to chlorine wash.poultry products are important vehicles for salmonella transmission to humans and have been incriminated in several salmonella outbreaks. thymol (thy) from thyme oil has wide inhibitory effects against foodborne pathogens including salmonella, and has shown great potential as a natural alternative to chlorine. in order to improve the cost-effectiveness of thymol-based washing solutions, formulas of thy with combination of organic acid or surfactant were developed and their efficacies to reduce s ...201222030209
enterobacterial common antigen mutants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium establish a persistent infection and provide protection against subsequent lethal challenge.infection with salmonella spp. is a significant source of disease globally. a substantial proportion of these infections are caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. here, we characterize the role of the enterobacterial common antigen (eca), a surface glycolipid ubiquitous among enteric bacteria, in s. typhimurium pathogenesis. construction of a defined mutation in the udp-n-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene, weca, in two clinically relevant strains of s. typhimurium, tml ...201222025511
WFDC2 is differentially expressed in the mammary gland of the tammar wallaby and provides immune protection to the mammary gland and the developing pouch young.WAP four disulfide core domain 2 (WFDC2) is a four disulfide core (4-DSC) protein secreted in the milk of the tammar wallaby. It is comprised of two 4-DSC domains assigned domain III at the NH2-terminal end and domain II at the COOH-terminal end. The WFDC2 gene was expressed only during pregnancy, early lactation, towards the end of lactation and involution. The WFDC2 protein showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and this acti ...201122024352
either periplasmic tethering or protease resistance is sufficient to allow a sodc to protect salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from phagocytic superoxide.salmonella typhimurium combats phagocytic superoxide by producing the periplasmic superoxide dismutase, sodci. the homologous protein, sodcii, is also produced during infection, but does not contribute to virulence. the proteins physically differ in that sodci is dimeric, protease resistant and non-covalently tethered within the periplasm. conversely, sodcii is a protease-sensitive monomer that is released normally from the periplasm by osmotic shock. to identify which properties correlate with ...201122023457
evaluation of salmonella movement through the gut of the lesser mealworm, alphitobius diaperinus (coleoptera: tenebrionidae).abstract aims: the lesser mealworm, alphitobius diaperinus is an important poultry pest prevalent during production that is capable of vectoring pathogens. this study was undertaken to determine the gut transit time of salmonella for biosecurity risk analysis of pathogen dispersal into the environment. methods: adult and larval a. diaperinus were exposed to two concentrations of a fluorescently labeled salmonella enterica for 15, 30, and 60 min time periods then externally disinfected to evalu ...201122022817
integrating global regulatory input into the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type iii secretion system.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium uses the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1) type iii secretion system to induce inflammatory diarrhea and bacterial uptake into intestinal epithelial cells. the expression of hila, encoding the transcriptional activator of the spi1 structural genes, is directly controlled by three arac-like regulators, hild, hilc, and rtsa, each of which can activate the hild, hilc, rtsa, and hila genes, forming a complex feed-forward regulatory loop. a large number ...201122021388
gaussia princeps luciferase as a reporter for transcriptional activity, protein secretion, and protein-protein interactions in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.gaussia princeps luciferase (gluc) is widely used as a reporter in eukaryotes, but data about its applicability in bacteria are very limited. here we show that a codon-optimized gluc gene can be efficiently expressed in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. to test different gluc variants as transcriptional reporters, we used the siia promoter of salmonella pathogenicity island 4 (spi-4) driving expression of either an episomal or a chromosomally integrated gluc gene. most reliable results we ...201222020521
characterization and comparative genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage, sfp10, simultaneously inhibiting both salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7.salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7 are major food-borne pathogens causing serious illness. phage sfp10, which revealed effective infection of both s. enterica and e. coli o157:h7, was isolated and characterized. sfp10 contains a 158-kb double-stranded dna genome belonging to the vi01 phage-like family myoviridae. in vitro adsorption assays showed that the adsorption constant rates to both salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and e. coli o157:h7 were 2.50 × 10(-8) ml/min and 1.91 ...201222020516
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Enteritidis infection of pigs and cytokine signalling in palatine tonsils.Pigs are considered as one of the major sources of zoonotic strains of Salmonella enterica for humans. Out of many S. enterica serovars, S. Typhimurium dominates in pigs, however, in several countries in Central Europe, S. Enteritidis is also quite frequent in pig herds. In this study we therefore compared the colonisation of pigs with S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. We found that 3 weeks after infection S. Enteritidis 147 colonised the intestinal tract in higher quantities but was shed in fa ...201122019291
The Fur regulon in anaerobically grown Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium: identification of new Fur targets.ABSTRACT:201122017966
d-Fagomine lowers postprandial blood glucose and modulates bacterial adhesion.d-Fagomine is an iminosugar originally isolated from seeds of buckwheat (Fagopyrum sculentum Moench), present in the human diet and now available as a pure crystalline product. We tested d-fagomine for activities connected to a reduction in the risk of developing insulin resistance, becoming overweight and suffering from an excess of potentially pathogenic bacteria. The activities were: intestinal sucrase inhibition in vitro (rat mucosa and everted intestine sleeves), modulation of postprandial ...201122017795
phenotype, virulence and immunogenicity of edwardsiella ictaluri cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate receptor protein (crp) mutants in catfish host.edwardsiella ictaluri is an enterobacteriaceae that causes lethal enteric septicemia in catfish. being a mucosal facultative intracellular pathogen, this bacterium is an excellent candidate to develop immersion-oral live attenuated vaccines for the catfish aquaculture industry. deletion of the cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (camp) receptor protein (crp) gene in several enterobacteriaceae has been utilized in live attenuated vaccines for mammals and birds. here we characterize the crp gene ...201122015784
Antimicrobial resistance and class I integrons in Salmonella enterica isolates from wild boars and Bísaro pigs.The antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype and the integron type were characterized in 58 Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from Bísaro pigs and wild boars (20 S. Typhimurium, 17 S. Rissen, 14 S. Enteritidis and 7 S. Havana). Most S. Typhimurium isolates (15/20 of Bísaro pigs and wild boars) showed ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistances. Of the 17 S. Rissen isolates of both origins, 13 were resistant to ampicil ...201122015698
screening, phylogenetic analysis and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from typhoid asymptomatic carriers.to isolate the salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) from asymptomatic typhoid carriers in the local population. to assess the antibiotic sensitivity and resistant pattern of s. typhi isolates against viable antibiotics and phylogenetic analysis of s. typhi isolates on the basis of 16s rdna gene.201122014730
baseline titer of widal in bijapur. 200922010492
Biochemical and thermodynamic analyses of Salmonella enterica Pat, a multidomain, multimeric N(e)-lysine acetyltransferase involved in carbon and energy metabolism.In the bacterium Salmonella enterica, the CobB sirtuin protein deacetylase and the Gcn5-related N(e)-acetyltransferase (GNAT) Pat control carbon utilization and metabolic flux via N(e)-lysine acetylation/deacetylation of metabolic enzymes. To date, the S. enterica Pat (SePat) acetyltransferase has not been biochemically characterized. Here we report the kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of the SePat enzyme using two of its substrates, acetyl coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) synthetase (Acs; AMP form ...201122010215
Molecular characterization of strains of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund carrying multidrug resistance isolated from imported foods.Objectives To determine the fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund from imported foods. Methods Antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella Schwarzengrund to 16 antibiotics was examined using disc agar diffusion and Etest. Quinolone resistance determinants were examined by sequence analysis of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE, PCR amplification of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS, and expression of acrB, ramA, marA, soxS and rob using quantitative RT-PCR. The contribution ...201222010209
Phagocytosis and killing of salmonella by 7-hydroxycoumarin activated macrophages.Coumarin and its derivatives have potent immunomodulatory activities. Here we describe the parameters of the protective effect of 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-OHC) in experimental Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium infection in mice. The protective effect depended on the duration of treatment reaching its maximum after 10 days of pretreatment and lasted for at least 15 days after its end. Electron microscopy studies revealed that 7-OHC induced ultrastructural changes in macrophages consistent with ...201222007641
expansion of paneth cell population in response to enteric salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection.paneth cells residing at the base of the small intestinal crypts contribute to the mucosal intestinal first line defense by secreting granules filled with antimicrobial polypeptides including lysozyme. these cells derive from the columnar intestinal stem cell located at position 0 and the transit amplifying cell located at position +4 in the crypts. we have previously shown that salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st), a leading cause of gastrointestinal infections in humans, effects an ove ...201222006567
antimicrobial activity of apple, hibiscus, olive, and hydrogen peroxide formulations against salmonella enterica on organic leafy greens.salmonella enterica is one of the most common bacterial pathogens implicated in foodborne outbreaks involving fresh produce in the last decade. in an effort to discover natural antimicrobials for use on fresh produce, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different antimicrobial plant extract-concentrate formulations on four types of organic leafy greens inoculated with s. enterica serovar newport. the leafy greens tested included organic romaine and iceberg le ...201122004815
Salmonella biofilm formation on Aspergillus niger involves cellulose--chitin interactions.Salmonella cycles between host and nonhost environments, where it can become an active member of complex microbial communities. The role of fungi in the environmental adaptation of enteric pathogens remains relatively unexplored. We have discovered that S. enterica Typhimurium rapidly attaches to and forms biofilms on the hyphae of the common fungus, Aspergillus niger. Several Salmonella enterica serovars displayed a similar interaction, whereas other bacterial species were unable to bind to the ...201122003399
a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism-based approach to trace and identify outbreaks linked to a common salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar montevideo pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type.in this study, we report a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-based evolutionary approach to study the epidemiology of a multistate outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar montevideo. this outbreak included 272 cases that occurred in 44 states between july 2009 and april 2010. a case-control study linked the consumption of salami made with contaminated black and red pepper to the outbreak. we sequenced, on the solid system, 47 isolates with xbai pfge pattern jixx01 ...201122003026
a1-giardin based live heterologous vaccine protects against Giardia lamblia infection in a murine model.Giardia lamblia is a leading protozoan cause of diarrheal disease worldwide, yet preventive medical strategies are not available. A crude veterinary vaccine has been licensed for cats and dogs, but no defined human vaccine is available. We tested the vaccine potential of three conserved antigens previously identified in human and murine giardiasis, a1-giardin, a-enolase, and ornithine carbamoyl transferase, in a murine model of G. lamblia infection. Live recombinant attenuated Salmonella enteric ...201122001876
identification of salmonella enterica species- and subgroup-specific genomic regions using panseq 2.0.the pan-genome of a taxonomic group consists of evolutionarily conserved core genes shared by all members and accessory genes that are present only in some members of the group. group- and subgroup-specific core genes are thought to contribute to shared phenotypes such as virulence and niche specificity. in this study we analyzed 39 salmonella enterica genomes (16 closed, 23 draft), a species that contains two human-specific serovars that cause typhoid fever, as well as a large number of zoonoti ...201122001825
small heat shock protein agsa forms dynamic fibrils.as a class of molecular chaperones, small heat shock proteins (shsps) usually exist as multi-subunit spherical oligomers. in this study, we report that agsa, a shsp of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, spontaneously forms fibrils in vitro. these fibrils tend to be formed at elevated temperature and do not share the characteristics of amyloid. interestingly, the fibril-forming agsa is able to suppress the dithiothreitol-induced aggregation of insulin efficiently within a certain range of t ...201122001209
First multi-epitope subunit vaccine against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli delivered by a bacterial type-3 secretion system (T3SS).Infections due to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) are very common in humans as well as in animals. In humans ExPEC infections include urinary tract infections (UTI), septicemia, and wound infections, which result in significant morbidity, mortality, and substantial healthcare costs. In view of the increasing number of ExPEC infections caused by more and more resistant strains, effective prevention would be desirable. Given the rising treatment costs, a vaccine may be cost-effective in ...201222000741
antisense inhibition of gene expression and growth in gram-negative bacteria by cell-penetrating peptide conjugates of peptide nucleic acids targeted to rpod gene.gram-negative bacteria (gnb) cause common and severe hospital- and community-acquired infections with a high incidence of multidrug resistance (mdr) and mortality. the emergence and spread of mdr-gnb strains limit therapeutic options and highlight the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. in this study, the peptide (rxr)(4)xb- and (kff)(3)k-conjugated peptide nucleic acids (ppnas) were developed to target rpod, which encodes an rna polymerase primary σ(70) that is thought to be essential f ...201122000398
bacteremia and antimicrobial drug resistance over time, ghana.bacterial distribution and antimicrobial drug resistance were monitored in patients with bacterial bloodstream infections in rural hospitals in ghana. in 2001-2002 and in 2009, salmonella enterica serovar typhi was the most prevalent pathogen. although most s. enterica serovar typhi isolates were chloramphenicol resistant, all isolates tested were susceptible to ciprofloxacin.201122000360
Structure elucidation of the O-Antigen of Salmonella enterica O51 and its structural and genetic relation to the O-Antigen of Escherichia coli O23.The O-polysaccharide (O-antigen) of Salmonella enterica O51 was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and its structure was established using sugar analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The O-antigen of Escherichia coli O23, whose structure was elucidated earlier, possesses a similar structure and differs only in the presence of an additional lateral a-D-Glcp residue at position 6 of the GlcNAc residue in the main chain. Sequencing of the O-antigen gene clusters of S. enterica O51 ...201121999538
use of multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis in molecular subtyping of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates.we evaluated 11 variable number tandem repeat (vntr) markers for the epidemiological investigation of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) infection and compared the results to those obtained by pfge. pfge, using one or two restriction enzymes (xbai and blni), was insufficient to differentiate between some isolates that were epidemiologically unlinked. multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva)-8, based on analysis of the eight most variable vntrs, displayed a high level of ...201121997873
evidence of significant synergism between antibiotics and the antipsychotic, antimicrobial drug flupenthixol.previously, the antipsychotic, non-antibiotic compound flupenthixol dihydrochloride (fp) was shown to exhibit distinct in vitro antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and to significantly protect swiss albino mice challenged with a known mouse virulent salmonella. the present study was designed to ascertain whether this drug could efficiently augment the action of an antibiotic or a non-antibiotic when tested in combination. a total of 12 bacterial strains belong ...201121997771
comparative proteomic analysis of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, typhimurium and gallinarum.salmonella enterica includes several related serovars which have different host ranges and cause diseases of different severities. however, their pathogenic potential is unknown, and it is not clear what mechanisms are activated or inhibited during adaptation to a specific host environment. some proteins are involved in the mechanism of pathogenicity at a molecular level and provide the functional aspects that create the diverse phenotypes. to compare proteomic analyses of the total proteins of ...201121997235
oxysterol-binding protein (osbp) enhances replication of intracellular salmonella and binds the salmonella spi-2 effector ssel via its n-terminus.effectors translocated into the host cell by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium are critical for bacterial virulence. for many effectors, the mechanisms of their interactions with host pathways are not yet understood. we have recently found an interaction between the spi-2 effector ssel and oxysterol-binding protein (osbp). we show here that ssel binds the n-terminus of osbp and that s. typhimurium infection results in redistribution of osbp. we furthermore demonstrate that osbp is required ...201121988961
antibiotic control of tumor-colonizing salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.systemic administration of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) into tumor-bearing mice results in preferential colonization of tumors and causes shrinkage and sometimes complete tumor clearance. however, in spite of these beneficial antitumor effects, the systemic administration of a bacterial pathogen raises serious safety concerns as well. addressing those concerns, here, we demonstrate that tumor-colonizing salmonella can be readily controlled by systemic administration o ...201121987828
Description of a 2,683-Base-Pair Plasmid Containing qnrD in Two Providencia rettgeri Isolates.qnr genes are plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes mainly harbored on large conjugative multiresistant plasmids. The qnrD gene was recently observed in Salmonella enterica on a small nonconjugative plasmid (p2007057). We describe two strains of Providencia rettgeri harboring qnrD on nonconjugative plasmids. The plasmids were 99% identical, with 2,683 bp and four open reading frames, including qnrD, but exhibited only 53% identity with the plasmid found in S. enterica.201221986831
salmonella effector proteins and host-cell responses.acute gastroenteritis caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a significant public health problem. this pathogen has very sophisticated molecular machinery encoded by the two pathogenicity islands, namely salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (spi-1 and spi-2). remarkably, both spi-1 and spi-2 are very tightly regulated in terms of timing of expression and spatial localization of the encoded effectors during the infection process within the host cell. this regulation is governed a ...201121984608
Imaging and analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming and rhamnolipid production.Many bacteria spread over surfaces by "swarming" in groups. A problem for scientists who study swarming is the acquisition of statistically significant data that distinguish two observations or detail the temporal patterns and two-dimensional heterogeneities that occur. It is currently difficult to quantify differences between observed swarm phenotypes. Here, we present a method for acquisition of temporal surface motility data using time-lapse fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging. We specif ...201121984238
interaction of concanavalin a with bacterial lipopolysaccharides in agarose gel.binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled concanavalin a to a series of molecular species of lipopolysaccharide (lps), purified from pathogenic bacteria, was studied via agarose gel precipitation experiments and the results were compared with available structural data.the lps species could be divided into cona-reactive and non-reactive ones. reactivity resided in the o-specific chain of lps, and binding to the lipid a or core moieties of lps could not be demonstrated by the present methods. ...201121983321
Handheld device for real-time, quantitative, LAMP-based detection of Salmonella enterica using assimilating probes.A simple handheld instrument was designed to enable real-time detection of the LAMP reaction in a standard PCR tube using newly described assimilating probes as sequence-specific reporter molecules. The system was validated using DNA isolated from Salmonella enterica, demonstrating accurate temperature control with little power and little overshoot of setpoint temperatures, with rapid and accurate detection often in less than 30 min and within 20 min for reactions with high (>10(5)) genome copy ...201121982643
Genetic response of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis to thioridazine rendering the organism resistant to the agent.Thioridazine (TZ)-induced accumulation of the universal efflux pump substrate ethidium bromide and its subsequent efflux by Salmonella strains with various degrees of overexpressed efflux pumps takes place automatically at pH 7.4, is independent of a metabolic source, is not affected by a proton ionophore and is precluded by palmitic acid. Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis cultured in medium containing increasing concentrations of TZ does not grow during the first 6-8h, after which time i ...201221982147
Classification of Salmonella enterica serotypes from Australian poultry using repetitive sequence-based PCR.Aims: To evaluate a semi-automated repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) system for the classification of Salmonella serotypes from Australian poultry. Methods and Results: Using a DNA fingerprint library within the DiversiLab(®) System, four separate databases were constructed (serogroup B, C, E and Other). These databases contained 483 serologically confirmed (reference laboratory) Salmonella isolates. A blinded set of Salmonella cultures (n = 155) were typed by rep ...201221981579
withdrawn: azithromycin for treating uncomplicated typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever).review status: current question - no update intended. azithromycin treatments are included in the review: fluoroquinolones for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever). (thaver d, zaidi akm, critchley ja, azmatullah a, madni sa, bhutta za. fluoroquinolones for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever). cochrane database of systematic reviews 2008, issue 4. art. no.: cd004530. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd004530.pub3.)   this latter review is being updated, and will be publi ...201121975751
intestinal inflammation allows salmonella to use ethanolamine to compete with the microbiota.conventional wisdom holds that microbes support their growth in vertebrate hosts by exploiting a large variety of nutrients. we show here that use of a specific nutrient (ethanolamine) confers a marked growth advantage on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) in the lumen of the inflamed intestine. in the anaerobic environment of the gut, ethanolamine supports little or no growth by fermentation. however, s. typhimurium is able to use this carbon source by inducing the gut to ...201121969563
Complete sequencing of the bla(NDM-1)-positive IncA/C plasmid from Escherichia coli ST38 isolate suggests a possible origin from plant pathogens.The complete sequence of the plasmid pNDM-1_Dok01 carrying New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM-1) was determined by whole genome shotgun sequencing using Escherichia coli strain NDM-1_Dok01 (multilocus sequence typing type: ST38) and the transconjugant E. coli DH10B. The plasmid is an IncA/C incompatibility type composed of 225 predicted coding sequences in 195.5 kb and partially shares a sequence with bla(CMY-2)-positive IncA/C plasmids such as E. coli AR060302 pAR060302 (166.5 kb) and Salmonell ...201121966500
Regulation of biofilm components in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by lytic transglycosylases involved in cell wall turnover.In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, a biofilm mode of growth known as the rdar morphotype is regulated by several networks which sense multiple environmental signals. The transcriptional regulator CsgD is the major target for these regulatory pathways. In this study, we show that two lytic transglycosylases of family I, MltE and MltC, in combination increase CsgD expression and rdar morphotype. MltE and MltC, which share a highly similar transglycosylase SLT domain, work redundantly to r ...201121965572
tn1548-associated arma is co-located with qnrb2, aac(6')-ib-cr and blactx-m-3 on an incfii plasmid in a salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b strain isolated from chickens in china. 201221965429
Genome and proteome of Campylobacter jejuni bacteriophage NCTC 12673.Campylobacter jejuni continues to be the leading cause of bacterial food-borne illness worldwide, so improvements to current methods used for bacterial detection and disease prevention are needed. We describe here the genome and proteome of C. jejuni bacteriophage NCTC 12673 and the exploitation of its receptor-binding protein for specific bacterial detection. Remarkably, the 135-kb Myoviridae genome of NCTC 12673 differs greatly from any other proteobacterial phage genome described (including C ...201121965409
survival and heat resistance of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7 in peanut butter.significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the survival rates of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7 in peanut butter with different formulations and water activity. high carbohydrate content in peanut butter and low incubation temperature resulted in higher levels of bacterial survival during storage but lower levels of bacterial resistance to heat treatment.201121965404
specific detection of campylobacter jejuni using the bacteriophage nctc 12673 receptor binding protein as a probe.campylobacter jejuni is found in the intestines of poultry, cattle, swine, wild birds and pet animals and is the major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in developed countries. we report the use of the receptor binding protein (rbp) of campylobacter bacteriophage nctc 12673 for the specific capture of campylobacter jejuni bacteria using rbp-derivatized capturing surfaces. the gp48 rbp was expressed as a glutathione s-transferase-gp48 (gst-gp48) fusion protein and immobilized onto surface plasmo ...201121955997
biophysical investigations into the interactions of endotoxins with bile acids.the interaction of selected endotoxin preparations (lipid a from erwinia carotovora and lps re and ra from salmonella enterica sv. minnesota strains r595 and r60, respectively) with selected bile acids was investigated biophysically. endotoxin aggregates were analyzed for their gel-to-liquid crystalline phase behavior, the type of their aggregates, the conformation of particular functional groups, and their zeta potential in the absence and presence of the bile acids by applying fourier-transfor ...201121954318
Acanthamoeba polyphaga, a potential environmental vector for the transmission of food-borne and opportunistic pathogens.The endosymbiotic relationship could represent for many bacteria an important condition favouring their spread in the environment and in foods. For this purpose we studied the behaviour of some food-borne and opportunistic pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia enterocolitica) when internalized in Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Our results confirm the capability of the bacteria tested to gr ...201121953544
cobalt stress in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica: molecular bases for toxicity and resistance.cobalt (co) is present in trace amounts in the environment but it can be toxic when it accumulates in cells. the question of how co produces its toxic effects and how living organisms protect themselves from, and resist to, such a stress remains to be clarified. studies pertaining to these issues were recently carried out in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. iron-sulfur proteins were identified as primary targets of co ions. perturbation of iron homeostasis, oxidative stress and possible ...201121952637
multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat profiling of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from blood cultures and gallbladder specimens from makassar, south-sulawesi, indonesia.multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis differentiated 297 salmonella enterica serovar typhi blood culture isolates from makassar in 76 genotypes and a single unique s. typhi genotype was isolated from the cholecystectomy specimens of four patients with cholelithiasis. the high diversity in s. typhi genotypes circulating in makassar indicates that the number of carriers could be very large, which may complicate disease prevention and control.201121949819
use of an avirulent live salmonella choleraesuis vaccine to reduce the prevalence of salmonella carrier pigs at slaughter.this study evaluated the use of an avirulent live salmonella choleraesuis vaccine to reduce the seroprevalence and number of salmonella carrier pigs at slaughter. seven batches of 500 pigs were included in each of the two study groups: the vaccinated group (vg) that was orally vaccinated and the control group (cg) that received a placebo on the first day of life. the groups were managed in a three-site system and followed up from birth to slaughter. blood samples (n=378) were collected from each ...201121949083
temperature-sensitive mutants of rnase e in salmonella enterica.rnase e has an important role in mrna turnover and stable rna processing, although the reason for its essentiality is unknown. we isolated conditional mutants of rnase e to provide genetic tools to probe its essential function. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, an extreme slow-growth phenotype caused by mutant ef-tu (gln125arg, tufa499) can be rescued by mutants of rnase e that have reduced activity. we exploited this phenotype to select mutations in rnase e and screened these for temp ...201121949072
leaching of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, escherichia coli, and a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bacteriophage through intact soil cores following surface application and injection of slurry.increasing amounts of livestock manure are being applied to agricultural soil, but it is unknown to what extent this may be associated with contamination of aquatic recipients and groundwater if microorganisms are transported through the soil under natural weather conditions. the objective of this study was therefore to evaluate how injection and surface application of pig slurry on intact sandy clay loam soil cores influenced the leaching of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bacteriophage ...201121948848
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis supports the presence of host-adapted salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains in the british garden bird population.salmonellosis is a frequently diagnosed infectious disease of passerine birds in garden habitats within great britain with potential implications for human and domestic animal health. postmortem examinations were performed on 1,477 garden bird carcasses of circa 50 species from england and wales, 1999 to 2007 inclusive. salmonellosis was confirmed in 263 adult birds of 10 passerine species in this 11-year longitudinal study. a subset of 124 fully biotyped salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sero ...201121948838
salmonella enterica in swine production: assessing the association between amplified fragment length polymorphism and epidemiological units of concern.the aims of this study were to determine the ability of amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) to differentiate salmonella isolates from different units of swine production and to demonstrate the relatedness of salmonella between farms and abattoirs by aflp. twenty-four farms in the midwestern united states were visited four times from 2006 to 2009. at each farm or abattoir visit, 30 fecal samples or 30 mesenteric lymph nodes were collected, respectively. a total of 220 salmonella isolate ...201121948822
Role of antigens and virulence factors of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in its pathogenesis.Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), the aetiologic agent of typhoid fever, is a human restricted pathogen. The molecular mechanism of Salmonella pathogenicity is complex. The investigations of the molecular mechanisms of Salmonella virulence factors have shown that pathogenic Salmonella spp. are distinguished from their non-pathogenic relatives by the presence of specific pathogenicity genes, often organized in so-called pathogenicity islands (PIs). The type III secretion system (T3SS) ...201121945101
Survival characteristics of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport in the dairy farm environment.Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Newport (S. Newport) has established a reservoir in dairy cattle. Infected herds suffer significant mortality in both adult and young animals, posing a considerable economic loss to producers. Land application of manure from infected animals may further spread the pathogen into the agroecosystem, causing public health concerns. Previous work by our group demonstrated that the organism persisted in manure and manured soil for 6 to 10 mo under ...201121943774
single nucleotide polymorphisms that differentiate two subpopulations of salmonella enteritidis within phage type.abstract:201121942987
oral administration of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing swine interleukin-18 induces th1-biased protective immunity against inactivated vaccine of pseudorabies virus.enhancing and/or modulating innate and adaptive immunity by cytokines appears to be greatly useful to provide effective protective immunity against infectious diseases. however, an effective delivery system for mass administration in livestock industry is needed because of limitations such as cost, labor, time, and protein stability. here the immunomodulatory functions of swine interleukine-18 (swil-18), known as ifn-γ-inducing factor (igif), were evaluated in a vaccination model of pseudorabies ...201121940117
investigation of salmonella enterica in sardinian slaughter pigs: prevalence, serotype and genotype characterization.in order to improve the knowledge about the presence of salmonella in pork meat in sardinia (italy), the prevalence and the sources of salmonella at 5 pig slaughterhouses (slaughtered pigs and environment) were investigated and the isolates were characterised. a total of 462 samples were collected, 425 from pigs at slaughter and 41 from the slaughterhouse environment. salmonella was isolated from 26/85 (30.5%) mesenteric lymph nodes, 14/85 (16.4%) colon contents, and from 12/85 (14.1%) carcasses ...201121940060
phosphoproteomic analysis of salmonella-infected cells identifies key kinase regulators and sopb-dependent host phosphorylation events.salmonella enterica is a bacterial pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and typhoid fever. virulence is achieved by two type iii secretion systems that translocate effector proteins into host cells, where they mimic or block host protein function. effectors translocated into host cells by the first type iii secretion system facilitate invasion and stimulate intracellular signaling cascades leading to inflammation. here, we performed global temporal analysis of host signaling events induced durin ...201121934108
isolation and characterization of bacteriophages of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum.in this study, 2 bacteriophages of salmonella pullorum were isolated using an enrichment protocol and the double agar layer method. they were named pspu-95 and pspu-4-116, respectively, against clinical isolates of salmonella pullorum spu-95 and spu-116. the host ranges of the 2 bacteriophages were determined by performing spot tests with 20 bacteria strains. both bacteriophages had wide host ranges. bacteriophage pspu-95 had a lytic effect on 17 of the 20 isolates (85%), and pspu-4-116 produced ...201121934022
palmitoylation state impacts induction of innate and acquired immunity by the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium msbb mutant.lipopolysaccharide (lps), composed of lipid a, core, and o-antigen, is a major virulence factor of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, with lipid a being a major stimulator to induce the proinflammatory response via the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)-md2-cd14 pathway. while salmonella msbb mutants lacking the myristate chain in lipid a were investigated widely as an anticancer vaccine, inclusion of the msbb mutation in a salmonella vaccine to deliver heterologous antigens has not yet been inve ...201121930761
Epidemiological characteristics and molecular typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi during a waterborne outbreak in Eastern Anatolia.In this study, we aimed to study the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) outbreak in Eastern Anatolia. Six hundred and thirty-seven patients from the same county with clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever were investigated with conventional methods from stool, urine and blood specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility tests and identifications were performed for positive specimens. Clonal relationships between the isolates were investigated using ...201121929877
increased persistence of salmonella enterica serovar typhi in the presence of acanthamoeba castellanii.salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) is the etiological agent of the systemic disease typhoid fever. transmission occurs via ingestion of contaminated food or water. s. typhi is specific to humans, and no animal or environmental reservoirs are known. as the free-living amoeba acanthamoeba castellanii is an environmental host for many pathogenic bacteria, this study investigates interactions between s. typhi and a. castellanii by using cocultures. growth of both organisms was estimated by ...201121926221
naturally occurring motility-defective mutants of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated preferentially from nonhuman rather than human sources.salmonellosis represents a worldwide health problem because it is one of the major causes of food-borne disease. although motility is postulated as an important salmonella virulence attribute, there is little information about variation in motility in natural isolates. here we report the identification of a point mutation (t551 → g) in mota, a gene essential for flagellar rotation, in several salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis field isolates. this mutation results in bacteria that can biosy ...201121926214
Empiric antimicrobial therapy and infectious diarrhea. Do we need local guidelines?In the management of acute diarrhea, administration of antibiotics may be indicated. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy can shorten illness, reduce morbidity and can be life-saving in invasive infections. Emergence of microbial strains resistant to commonly used antibiotics means that treatment failures may become common. Because of changing patterns of resistance, knowledge of recent local patterns of susceptibility can guide the initial choice of antibiotics.201121925045
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella enterica Recovered from Poultry Meat in Tunisia and Identification of New Genetic Traits.Abstract Thirty-seven Salmonella enterica isolates obtained from poultry meat in Tunisia were included in this study for characterization of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. High percentages of resistance were detected to ampicillin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and streptomycin (32.4%-89.2%), and lower percentages to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, kanamycin, amikacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol, and chloramphenicol (2.7%-18.9%). All strains showed susceptibility to ceftazidime ...201121919733
reveal salmonella enteritidis test for detection of salmonella enteritidis in shell eggs and environmental samples.reveal salmonella enteritidis (se) is a lateral flow-based immunodiagnostic assay used for rapid detection of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis from pooled shell eggs and environmental samples. this assay uses highly specific antibodies to accurately detect s. enteritidis. studies were conducted to compare the performance of this test against reference procedures for detection of s. enteritidis from both pooled shell eggs and environmental samples. pooled shell eggs were inoculated with lo ...201121919347
diversity of salmonella enterica serovar derby isolated from pig, pork and humans in germany.salmonella enterica serovar derby (s. derby) is one of the most prevalent serovars in pigs in europe and in the u.s. and ranks among the 10 most frequently isolated serovars in humans. therefore, a set of 82 epidemiologically unrelated s. derby strains isolated between 2006 and 2008 from pigs, pork and humans in germany was selected and investigated in respect to the transmission of clonal groups of the serovar along the food chain. various phenotypic and genotypic methods were applied and the p ...201121917347
inhibition of growth of highly resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens by a natural product.the continuous escalation of resistant bacteria against a wide range of antibiotics necessitates discovering novel unconventional sources of antibiotics. b. oleracea l (red cabbage) is health-promoting food with proven anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. however, it has not been researched adequately for its antimicrobial activity on potential resistant pathogens. the methanol crude extract of b. oleracea l. was investigated for a possible anti-microbial activity. the screening method w ...201121915230
genome sequence of lactobacillus salivarius nias840, isolated from chicken intestine.lactobacillus salivarius is a well-known lactic acid bacterium to which increasing attention has been paid recently for use as probiotics for humans and animals. l. salivarius nias840 was first isolated from broiler chicken feces, displaying antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. here, we report the genome sequence of l. salivarius nias840 (2,046,557 bp) including a small plasmid and two megaplasmids.201121914873
Host response transcriptional profiling reveals extracellular components and ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters gene enrichment in typhoid fever-infected Nigerian children.Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is a human-specific pathogen that causes typhoid fever, and remains a global health problem especially in developing countries. Its pathogenesis is complex and host response is poorly understood. In Africa, typhoid fever can be a major cause of morbidity in young infected children. The onset of the illness is insidious and clinical diagnosis is often unreliable. Gold standard blood culture diagnostic services are limited, thus rapid, sensitive, and af ...201121914192
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