Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| epithelial cell coculture models for studying infectious diseases: benefits and limitations. | countless in vitro cell culture models based on the use of epithelial cell types of single lineages have been characterized and have provided insight into the mechanisms of infection for various microbial pathogens. diverse culture models based on disease-relevant mucosal epithelial cell types derived from gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and pulmonary organ systems have delineated many key host-pathogen interactions that underlie viral, parasitic, and bacterial disease pathogenesis. an alternat ... | 2011 | 22007147 |
| effects of polyphosphate additives on the ph of processed chicken exudates and the survival of campylobacter. | campylobacter spp. are nutritionally fastidious organisms that are sensitive to normal atmospheric oxygen levels and lack homologues of common cold shock genes. at first glance, these bacteria seem ill equipped to persist within food products under processing and storage conditions; however, they survive in numbers sufficient to cause the largest number of foodborne bacterial disease annually. a mechanism proposed to play a role in campylobacter survival is the addition of polyphosphate-contain ... | 2011 | 22004823 |
| The cinnamon-oil ingredient trans-cinnamaldehyde fails to target Campylobacter jejuni strain KC 40 in the broiler chicken cecum despite marked in vitro activity. | Campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of diarrheal disease in humans worldwide, with poultry products being a major source. Therefore, strategies to decrease Campylobacter colonization during primary production might aid in reducing the number of human campylobacteriosis cases. Several plant-derived compounds have been reported to possess anti-Campylobacter properties in vitro, so they could be promising candidates to reduce Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens. To t ... | 2011 | 22004822 |
| An ancient molecule in a recalcitrant pathogen: the contributions of poly-P to the pathogenesis and stress responses of Campylobacter jejuni. | 2011 | 22004028 | |
| test of direct and indirect effects of agrochemicals on the survival of fecal indicator bacteria. | water bodies often receive agrochemicals and animal waste carrying fecal indicator bacteria (fib) and zoonotic pathogens, but we know little about the effects of agrochemicals on these microbes. we assessed the direct effects of the pesticides atrazine, malathion, and chlorothalonil and inorganic fertilizer on escherichia coli and enterococcal survival in simplified microcosms held in the dark. e. coli strain composition in sediments and water column were positively correlated, but none of the a ... | 2011 | 22003017 |
| systematic review: the use of proton pump inhibitors and increased susceptibility to enteric infection. | background: the use of proton pump inhibitors (ppis) is increasing worldwide. suppression of gastric acid alters the susceptibility to enteric bacterial pathogens. aim this systematic review was undertaken to examine the relationship between ppi use and susceptibility to enteric infections by a specific pathogen based on published literature and to discuss the potential mechanisms of ppi enhanced pathogenesis of enteric infections. methods pubmed, ovid medline databases were searched. search t ... | 2011 | 21999643 |
| the cooperative action of bacterial fibronectin-binding proteins and secreted proteins promote maximal campylobacter jejuni invasion of host cells by stimulating membrane ruffling. | this study was performed to elucidate the host cell scaffolding and signalling molecules that campylobacter jejuni utilizes to invade epithelial cells. we hypothesized that the c. jejuni fibronectin-binding proteins and secreted proteins are required for cell signalling and maximal invasion of host cells. c. jejuni binding to host cells via the cadf and flpa fibronectin-binding proteins activated the epidermal growth factor (egf) pathway, as evidenced by inhibitor studies and immunoprecipitation ... | 2011 | 21999233 |
| campylobacter jejuni dna-binding protein from starved cells in guillain-barré syndrome patients. | campylobacter jejuni enteritis is frequently associated with an axonal form of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and c. jejuni dna-binding protein from starved cells (c-dps) induces paranodal myelin detachment and axonal degeneration through binding with sulfatide in vivo. here we investigated the invasion of c-dps into hosts with c. jejuni-related gbs. our analyses of patient sera found that both c-dps and anti-c-dps antibodies were most commonly detected in sera from c. jejuni-related gbs patients ... | 2011 | 21996079 |
| a tolerogenic mucosal immune response leads to persistent campylobacter jejuni colonization in the chicken gut. | campylobacter enteritis is the most reported zoonotic disease in many developed countries where it imposes a serious health burden. campylobacter transmission to humans occurs primarily through the chicken vector. chicks are regarded as a natural host for campylobacter species and are colonized with c. jejuni in particular. but despite carrying a very high bacterial load in their gastrointestinal tract, these birds, in contrast to humans, do not develop pathological signs. it seems that in chick ... | 2011 | 21995731 |
| the evolutionary emergence of stochastic phenotype switching in bacteria. | stochastic phenotype switching - or bet hedging - is a pervasive feature of living systems and common in bacteria that experience fluctuating (unpredictable) environmental conditions. under such conditions, the capacity to generate variable offspring spreads the risk of being maladapted in the present environment, against offspring likely to have some chance of survival in the future. while a rich subject for theoretical studies, little is known about the selective causes responsible for the evo ... | 2011 | 21995592 |
| comparative analyses of campylobacter concisusstrains reveal the genome of the reference strain baa-1457 is not representative of the species. | abstract: | 2011 | 21992484 |
| are dysregulated inflammatory responses to commensal bacteria involved in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary-pancreatic autoimmune disease? an analysis using mice models of primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune pancreatitis. | the etiopathogenesis of many autoimmune disorders has not been identified. the aim of this paper is to focus on the involvement of bacterial exposure in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc) and autoimmune pancreatitis (aip), both of which are broadly categorized as autoimmune disorders involving hepatobiliary-pancreatic lesions. avirulent and/or commensal bacteria, which may have important role(s) as initiating factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders such as pbc and ai ... | 2011 | 21991516 |
| campylobacter spp. as a foodborne pathogen: a review. | campylobacter is well recognized as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrheal disease worldwide. symptoms can range from mild to serious infections of the children and the elderly and permanent neurological symptoms. the organism is a cytochrome oxidase positive, microaerophilic, curved gram-negative rod exhibiting corkscrew motility and is carried in the intestine of many wild and domestic animals, particularly avian species including poultry. intestinal colonization results in healthy ... | 2011 | 21991264 |
| in vitro reconstruction of the chain termination reaction in biosynthesis of the escherichia coli o9a o-polysaccharide: the chain-length regulator, wbdd, catalyzes the addition of methyl phosphate to the non-reducing terminus of the growing glycan. | the escherichia coli o9a o-polysaccharide (o-ps) represents a model system for glycan biosynthesis and export by the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter-dependent pathway. the polymannose o9a o-ps is synthesized using an undecaprenol-diphosphate-linked acceptor by mannosyltransferases located at the cytoplasmic membrane. an abc-transporter subsequently exports the polymer to the periplasm where it is assembled onto lipopolysaccharide prior to translocation to the cell surface. the chain lengt ... | 2011 | 21990359 |
| The anxiolytic effect of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 involves vagal pathways for gut-brain communication. | The probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 normalizes anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice with infectious colitis. Using a model of chemical colitis we test whether the anxiolytic effect of B. longum involves vagal integrity, and changes in neural cell function. Methods Mice received dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 3%) in drinking water during three 1-week cycles. Bifidobacterium longum or placebo were gavaged daily during the last cycle. Some m ... | 2011 | 21988661 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter spp. in live and dressed chicken in jordan. | abstract a total of 140 broiler flocks presented for slaughtering at amman slaughterhouse were tested for campylobacter spp. via collection of cloacal swabs from live birds, feathered skin samples at prescalding, and skin samples at postscalding (62°c or 57°c scalding temperature), postevisceration, and postchilling. the results indicated that 40% of the flocks tested by cloacal swabs, 34% at prescalding, 32% at post 57°c scalding, and 32% postevisceration were harboring campylobacter jejuni. ... | 2011 | 21988398 |
| Protein glycosylation in Helicobacter pylori: beyond the flagellins? | Glycosylation of flagellins by pseudaminic acid is required for virulence in Helicobacter pylori. We demonstrate that, in H. pylori, glycosylation extends to proteins other than flagellins and to sugars other than pseudaminic acid. Several candidate glycoproteins distinct from the flagellins were detected via ProQ-emerald staining and DIG- or biotin- hydrazide labeling of the soluble and outer membrane fractions of wild-type H. pylori, suggesting that protein glycosylation is not limited to the ... | 2011 | 21984942 |
| dipstick test for rapid diagnosis of shigella dysenteriae 1 in bacterial cultures and its potential use on stool samples. | we describe a test for rapid detection of s. dysenteriae 1 in bacterial cultures and in stools, at the bedside of patients. | 2011 | 21984895 |
| Production of Multiple Bacteriocins from a Single Locus by Gastrointestinal Strains of Lactobacillus salivarius. | Bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus salivarius isolates derived from a gastrointestinal origin have previously demonstrated efficacy for in vivo protection against Listeria monocytogenes infection. In this study, comparative genomic analysis was employed to investigate the intraspecies diversity of seven L. salivarius isolates of human and porcine intestinal origin, based on the genome of the well-characterized bacteriocin-producing strain L. salivarius UCC118. This revealed a highly conserve ... | 2011 | 21984788 |
| Deletion of one nucleotide within the homonucleotide tract present in the hsdS gene alters the DNA sequence specificity of type I restriction-modification system NgoAV. | As a result of a frameshift mutation, the hsdS locus of the NgoAV type IC restriction and modification (RM) system comprises two genes, hsdS(NgoAV1) and hsdS(NgoAV2). The specificity subunit, HsdS(NgoAV), the product of the hsdS(NgoAV1) gene, is a naturally truncated form of an archetypal specificity subunit (208 N-terminal amino acids instead of 410). The presence of a homonucleotide tract of seven guanines (poly[G]) at the 3' end of the hsdS(NgoAV1) gene makes the NgoAV system a strong candida ... | 2011 | 21984785 |
| biosecurity-based interventions and strategies to reduce campylobacter spp. on poultry farms. | the prevention and control of campylobacter colonization of poultry flocks are important public health strategies for the control of human campylobacteriosis. a critical review of the literature on interventions to control campylobacter in poultry on farms was undertaken using a systematic approach. although the focus of the review was on aspects appropriate to the united kingdom poultry industry, the research reviewed was gathered from worldwide literature. multiple electronic databases were em ... | 2011 | 21984249 |
| Novel One-Step Method for Detection and Isolation of Active-Toxin-Producing Clostridium difficile Strains Directly from Stool Samples. | The alarming emergence of hypervirulent strains of Clostridium difficile with increased toxin production, severity of disease, morbidity, and mortality emphasizes the need for a culture method that permits simultaneous isolation and detection of virulent strains. The C. difficile toxins A and B are critical virulence factors, and strains can either be toxin-producing (virulent) or non-toxin-producing (nonvirulent). Strains that are isolated from human infections generally produce either toxin A ... | 2011 | 21976761 |
| Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis due to a washwater-contaminated water supply, Switzerland, 2008. | An operating error in a sewage treatment plant led to severe drinking water contamination in a well-defined district of a suburban municipality of Zurich, Switzerland. Despite the alert issued to the local population on the same day advising people not to consume the contaminated water, cases of acute gastroenteric diseases were subsequently observed. Considerable faecal contamination was detected the day after the incident in water samples taken up to 500 m from the sewage plant. In a retrospec ... | 2011 | 21976203 |
| development and stability of bacteriocin resistance in campylobacter spp. | several bacteriocins (bcns) that were identified from chicken commensal bacteria dramatically reduced campylobacter colonization in poultry and are being directed toward on-farm control of this important foodborne human pathogen. a recent study has shown that bcn resistance in campylobacter jejuni is very difficult to develop in vitro. in this study, in vivo development and stability of bcn resistance in campylobacter was examined. | 2011 | 21973216 |
| pathogens and polymers: microbe-host interactions illuminate the cytoskeleton. | intracellular pathogens subvert the host cell cytoskeleton to promote their own survival, replication, and dissemination. study of these microbes has led to many discoveries about host cell biology, including the identification of cytoskeletal proteins, regulatory pathways, and mechanisms of cytoskeletal function. actin is a common target of bacterial pathogens, but recent work also highlights the use of microtubules, cytoskeletal motors, intermediate filaments, and septins. the study of pathoge ... | 2011 | 21969466 |
| the potter's wheel: the host's role in sculpting its microbiota. | animals, ranging from basal metazoans to primates, are host to complex microbial ecosystems; engaged in a symbiotic relationship that is essential for host physiology and homeostasis. epithelial surfaces vary in the composition of colonizing microbiota as one compares anatomic sites, developmental stages and species origin. alterations of microbial composition likely contribute to susceptibility to several distinct diseases. the forces that shape the colonizing microbial composition are the focu ... | 2011 | 21968920 |
| Transcytosis of Listeria monocytogenes across the intestinal barrier upon specific targeting of goblet cell accessible E-cadherin. | Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne pathogen that crosses the intestinal barrier upon interaction between its surface protein InlA and its species-specific host receptor E-cadherin (Ecad). Ecad, the key constituent of adherens junctions, is typically situated below tight junctions and therefore considered inaccessible from the intestinal lumen. In this study, we investigated how Lm specifically targets its receptor on intestinal villi and crosses the intestinal epithelium to disseminate s ... | 2011 | 21967767 |
| prevalence of campylobacter species in adult crohn's disease and the preferential colonization sites of campylobacter species in the human intestine. | crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc) are the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). a high prevalence of campylobacter concisus was previously detected in paediatric cd and adult uc. currently, the prevalence of c. concisus in adult cd and the preferential colonization sites of campylobacter species in the human intestine are unknown. in this study, we examined the prevalence of campylobacter species in biopsies collected from multiple anatomic sites of adult patients w ... | 2011 | 21966525 |
| mechanism of anchoring of ompa protein to the cell wall peptidoglycan of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane. | the outer membrane protein a (ompa) plays important roles in anchoring of the outer membrane to the bacterial cell wall. the c-terminal periplasmic domain of ompa (ompa-like domain) associates with the peptidoglycan (pgn) layer noncovalently. however, there is a paucity of information on the structural aspects of the mechanism of pgn recognition by ompa-like domains. to elucidate this molecular recognition process, we solved the high-resolution crystal structure of an ompa-like domain from acine ... | 2011 | 21965596 |
| bacteriophage f336 recognizes the capsular phosphoramidate modification of campylobacter jejuni nctc11168. | bacteriophages infecting the food-borne human pathogen campylobacter jejuni could potentially be exploited to reduce bacterial counts in poultry prior to slaughter. this bacterium colonizes the intestinal tract of poultry in high numbers, and contaminated poultry meat is regarded as the major source of human campylobacteriosis. in this study, we used phage f336 belonging to the myoviridae family to select a c. jejuni nctc11168 phage-resistant strain, called 11168r, with the aim of investigating ... | 2011 | 21965558 |
| Genome and proteome of Campylobacter jejuni bacteriophage NCTC 12673. | Campylobacter jejuni continues to be the leading cause of bacterial food-borne illness worldwide, so improvements to current methods used for bacterial detection and disease prevention are needed. We describe here the genome and proteome of C. jejuni bacteriophage NCTC 12673 and the exploitation of its receptor-binding protein for specific bacterial detection. Remarkably, the 135-kb Myoviridae genome of NCTC 12673 differs greatly from any other proteobacterial phage genome described (including C ... | 2011 | 21965409 |
| Campylobacter jejuni Induces Colitis Through Activation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling. | Campylobacter jejuni is the worldwide leading cause of bacterial-induced enteritis. The molecular and cellular events that lead to campylobacteriosis are poorly understood. We identify mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a signaling pathway that leads to C jejuni-induced intestinal inflammation. | 2012 | 21963787 |
| gastric pyogenic granuloma. | 2007 | 21960796 | |
| specific detection of campylobacter jejuni using the bacteriophage nctc 12673 receptor binding protein as a probe. | campylobacter jejuni is found in the intestines of poultry, cattle, swine, wild birds and pet animals and is the major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in developed countries. we report the use of the receptor binding protein (rbp) of campylobacter bacteriophage nctc 12673 for the specific capture of campylobacter jejuni bacteria using rbp-derivatized capturing surfaces. the gp48 rbp was expressed as a glutathione s-transferase-gp48 (gst-gp48) fusion protein and immobilized onto surface plasmo ... | 2011 | 21955997 |
| no evidence of a link between influenza vaccines and guillain-barre syndrome-associated antiganglioside antibodies. | please cite this paper as: wang et al. (2011) no evidence of a link between influenza vaccines and guillain-barre syndrome-associated antiganglioside antibodies. influenza and other respiratory viruses doi:. 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00294.x background guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by acute, progressive peripheral neuropathy and is commonly associated with the presence of antiganglioside antibodies. previously, influenza vaccination was linked with the ... | 2011 | 21955390 |
| no evidence of a link between influenza vaccines and guillain-barre syndrome-associated antiganglioside antibodies. | please cite this paper as: wang et al. (2011) no evidence of a link between influenza vaccines and guillain-barre syndrome-associated antiganglioside antibodies. influenza and other respiratory viruses doi:. 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00294.x background guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by acute, progressive peripheral neuropathy and is commonly associated with the presence of antiganglioside antibodies. previously, influenza vaccination was linked with the ... | 2011 | 21955390 |
| torque teno virus 10 isolated by genome amplification techniques from a patient with concomitant chronic lymphocytic leukemia and polycythemia vera. | an infectious etiology has been proposed for many human cancers, but rarely have specific agents been identified. one difficulty has been the need to propagate cancer cells in vitro to produce the infectious agent in detectable quantity. we hypothesized that genome amplification from small numbers of cells could be adapted to circumvent this difficulty. a patient with concomitant chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) and polycythemia vera (pv) requiring therapeutic phlebotomy donated a large amount ... | 2011 | 21953418 |
| analysis of the liv system of campylobacter jejuni reveals alternative roles for livj and livk in commensalism beyond branched-chain amino acid transport. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of diarrheal disease in humans and an intestinal commensal in poultry and other agriculturally important animals. these zoonotic infections result in significant amounts of c. jejuni present in the food supply to contribute to disease in humans. we previously found that a transposon insertion in cjj81176_1038, encoding a homolog of the escherichia coli livj periplasmic binding protein of the leucine, isoleucine, and valine (liv) branched-chain amino acid t ... | 2011 | 21949065 |
| nmr detection and characterization of sialylated glycoproteins and cell surface polysaccharides. | few solution nmr pulse sequences exist that are explicitly designed to characterize carbohydrates (glycans). this is despite the essential role carbohydrate motifs play in cell-cell communication, microbial pathogenesis, autoimmune disease progression and cancer metastasis, and despite that fact that glycans, often shed to extra-cellular fluids, can be diagnostic of disease. here we present a suite of two dimensional coherence experiments to measure three different correlations (h3-c2, h3-c1, an ... | 2011 | 21947924 |
| [fatal bacteremia caused by campylobacter fetus and campylobacter jejuni in patients with alcoholic liver disease]. | 2011 | 21947101 | |
| synthetic rna silencing in bacteria - antimicrobial discovery and resistance breaking. | the increasing incidence and prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria threatens the "antibiotic miracle." conventional antimicrobial drug development has failed to replace the armamentarium needed to combat this problem, and novel solutions are urgently required. here we review both natural and synthetic rna silencing and its potential to provide new antibacterials through improved target selection, evaluation, and screening. furthermore, we focus on synthetic rna silencers as a novel cla ... | 2011 | 21941522 |
| Glycosylation of Twisted Gastrulation is Required for BMP Binding and Activity during Craniofacial Development. | Twisted gastrulation (TWSG1) is a conserved, secreted glycoprotein that modulates signaling of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the extracellular space. Deletion of exon 4 of mouse Twsg1 (mTwsg1) is associated with significant craniofacial defects. However, little is understood about the biochemical properties of the corresponding region of the protein. We have uncovered a significant role for exon 4 sequences as encoding the only two glycosylation sites of the mTWSG1 protein. Deletion of t ... | 2011 | 21941513 |
| aortic homograft endocarditis caused by campylobacter jejuni. | we report the first case of homograft endocarditis caused by campylobacter jejuni, which was treated successfully with antibiotic therapy and valve replacement. to our knowledge, only two other cases of c. jejuni endocarditis, involving native valves, have been reported in the medical literature. | 2011 | 21940472 |
| htra chaperone activity contributes to host cell binding in campylobacter jejuni. | abstract: | 2011 | 21939552 |
| roles of rpon in the resistance of campylobacter jejuni under various stress conditions. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading foodborne pathogen worldwide. despite the fastidious nature of c. jejuni growth, increasing numbers of human campylobacteriosis suggest that c. jejuni may possess unique mechanisms to survive under various stress conditions. c. jejuni possesses only three sigma factors (flia, rpod, and rpon) and lacks stress-defense sigma factors. since flia and rpod are dedicated to flagella synthesis and housekeeping, respectively, in this study, we investigated the role of rp ... | 2011 | 21939540 |
| motility and chemotaxis in campylobacter and helicobacter . | flagellar motility of campylobacter jejuni and helicobacter pylori influences host colonization by promoting migration through viscous milieus such as gastrointestinal mucus. this review explores mechanisms c. jejuni and h. pylori employ to control flagellar biosynthesis and chemotactic responses. these microbes tightly control the activities of σ(54) and σ(28) to mediate ordered flagellar gene expression. in addition to phase-variable and posttranslational mechanisms, flagellar biosynthesis is ... | 2011 | 21939377 |
| sequencing of cjie1 prophages from campylobacter jejuni isolates reveals the presence of inserted and (or) deleted genes. | bacteriophages capable of integrating into host bacterial genomes as prophages affect the biology and virulence of their bacterial hosts. previously, partial sequencing of 12 prophages similar to cjie1 from campylobacter jejuni rm1221 did not show the presence of inserted nonphage genes. therefore, four of these prophages were sequenced completely, and indels were found in at least two different regions of the prophage genome. putative proteins from one indel appeared to be members of two new fa ... | 2011 | 21939376 |
| [Investigation of verotoxigenic escherichia coli O157:H7 incidence in gastroenteritis patients]. | Escherichia coli O157:H7 is the most common serotype among verotoxigenic E.coli (VTEC) strains that cause haemolytic uremic syndrome. Although sporadic VTEC cases originating from Turkey and small outbreaks have been reported from our country, VTEC has not been routinely investigated in most of the diagnostic microbiology laboratories in Turkey and studies related to this topic are limited. In this study, the incidence of E.coli O157:H7 in patients who were admitted to Alanya Research and Applic ... | 2011 | 21935785 |
| A phylometagenomic exploration of oceanic alphaproteobacteria reveals mitochondrial relatives unrelated to the SAR11 clade. | According to the endosymbiont hypothesis, the mitochondrial system for aerobic respiration was derived from an ancestral Alphaproteobacterium. Phylogenetic studies indicate that the mitochondrial ancestor is most closely related to the Rickettsiales. Recently, it was suggested that Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique, a member of the SAR11 clade that is highly abundant in the oceans, is a sister taxon to the mitochondrial-Rickettsiales clade. The availability of ocean metagenome data substantially in ... | 2011 | 21935411 |
| evaluating 3 gas-delivery systems for culturing campylobacter jejuni in a microaerophilic environment. | campylobacter spp. require a microaerophilic environment (80% n(2), 10% co(2), 5% h(2), and 5% o(2)) for growth. since the late 1800s, several systems for creating and maintaining specific microbial atmospheres have been developed and applied. the objective of this study was to evaluate campylobacter jejuni growth by means of 3 commonly used gas-delivery systems for generating a microaerophilic environment: automated, gas-generating sachet, and plastic storage bag. pure culture c. jejuni cells w ... | 2011 | 21934023 |
| A gastric pathogen moves chemotaxis in a new direction. | For almost 50 years, Escherichia coli has been the model for understanding how bacteria orient their movement in response to chemical cues, but recent studies of chemotaxis in other bacteria have revealed interesting variations from prevailing paradigms. Investigating the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori, Amieva and colleagues [mBio 2(4):e00098-11, 2011] discovered a new chemotaxis regulator, ChePep, which modulates swimming behavior through the canonical histidine-aspartate phosphorelay syste ... | 2011 | 21933915 |
| a novel mechanism of sulfur transfer catalyzed by o-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase in the methionine-biosynthetic pathway of wolinella succinogenes. | o-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase (oahs) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp) dependent sulfide-utilizing enzyme in the l-cysteine and l-methionine biosynthetic pathways of various enteric bacteria and fungi. oahs catalyzes the conversion of o-acetylhomoserine to homocysteine using sulfide in a process known as direct sulfhydrylation. however, the source of the sulfur has not been identified and no structures of oahs have been reported in the literature. here, the crystal structure of wolinella succ ... | 2011 | 21931214 |
| Empiric antimicrobial therapy and infectious diarrhea. Do we need local guidelines? | In the management of acute diarrhea, administration of antibiotics may be indicated. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy can shorten illness, reduce morbidity and can be life-saving in invasive infections. Emergence of microbial strains resistant to commonly used antibiotics means that treatment failures may become common. Because of changing patterns of resistance, knowledge of recent local patterns of susceptibility can guide the initial choice of antibiotics. | 2011 | 21925045 |
| A Nationwide Study of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli bacteremia in Finland over a 10-year period, 1998-2007, with special reference to clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility. | Campylobacter bacteremia is an uncommon condition, usually diagnosed in elderly and immunocompromised patients. | 2011 | 21921217 |
| cmer-dependent gene cj0561c is induced more effectively by bile salts than the cmeabc efflux pump in both human and poultry campylobacter jejuni strains. | the multidrug efflux pump cmeabc described in the food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni was shown to be an important element of bile resistance and significant for successful colonization of chicken intestines. recently, another gene (cj0561c) strongly suppressed by the same repressor (cmer) that regulates expression of cmeabc was identified in c. jejuni nctc 11168. initial data suggested that, similarly to cmeabc, cj0561c could be induced by bile salts. in the present study, the occurrence o ... | 2011 | 21920435 |
| sulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside promotes endothelial cell apoptosis in inflammation: elucidation of a novel glycosphingolipid-signaling pathway. | sulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside (sgpg), a minor glycosphingolipid of endothelial cells, is a ligand for l-selectin and has been implicated in neuro-inflammatory diseases, such as guillian-barré syndrome. inflammatory cytokines, such as tnfα and il-1β, up-regulate sgpg expression by stimulating gene expression for glucuronosyltransferases, both p and s forms (glcatp and glcats), and the human natural killer antigen (hnk-1) sulfotransferase (hnk-1 st). transfection of a human cerebromicrovascular ... | 2011 | 21916893 |
| Emergence of unique variants and inter-genotype recombinants of human astroviruses infecting infants, children and adults in Kolkata, India. | Two conserved genomic fragments viz. 289bp of ORF1a and 449bp of ORF2 amplified by RT-PCR showed emergence of interesting recombinant strains representing new and novel genetic variants (n=5) within eight different genotypes of astroviruses known to date. HAstV-positive cases with ORF1a [HAstV genotype G2 or G8] and ORF2 [HAstV genotype G1, G2, or G3] were detected as sole or mixed infection among infants, children and adults in Kolkata with severe illness owing to acute gastroenteritis that req ... | 2011 | 21915361 |
| genome sequences of two stress-tolerant campylobacter jejuni poultry strains, 305 and dfvf1099. | campylobacter jejuni is a food-borne pathogen with a high prevalence in poultry meat, which in fresh unfrozen condition is the major source of campylobacteriosis. c. jejuni strains dfvf1099 and 305 are considered tolerant to several environmental stresses (t. birk et al., j. food prot. 73:258-265, 2010; s. l. on et al., int. j. med. microbiol. 296:353-363, 2006). here, we report the genome sequences of c. jejuni 305 and dfvf1099, a turkey and a chicken isolate, respectively. | 2011 | 21914871 |
| Ribosomal mutations as the main cause of macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. | The aim of this study was to examine macrolide resistance mutations in Campylobacter species. In 76 strains studied, point mutation A to G at position 2059 of the 23S rRNA gene was detected in 30 of the 33 erythromycin-resistant strains. An amino acid insertion in the ribosomal protein L22 was found in one resistant strain without a 23S rRNA mutation. The A2059G mutation is the main cause of macrolide resistance in Campylobacter species. | 2011 | 21911571 |
| characterization and scope of s-layer protein o-glycosylation in tannerella forsythia. | cell surface glycosylation is an important element in defining the life of pathogenic bacteria. tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative, anaerobic periodontal pathogen inhabiting the subgingival plaque biofilms. it is completely covered by a two-dimensional crystalline surface layer (s-layer) composed of two glycoproteins. although the s-layer has previously been shown to delay the bacterium's recognition by the innate immune system, we characterize here the s-layer protein o-glycosylation as a ... | 2011 | 21911490 |
| new molecular insights into inflammatory bowel disease-induced diarrhea. | diarrhea is one of the common symptoms that significantly affects quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). the clinical manifestation of diarrhea is mainly dependant on the type of ibd and the location, extent and severity of intestinal inflammation. understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms of diarrhea in patients with ibd will be beneficial to developing effective treatments for ibd-associated diarrhea. in recent years, modern molecular techniques have been used i ... | 2011 | 21910579 |
| defense islands in bacterial and archaeal genomes and prediction of novel defense systems. | the arms race between cellular life forms and viruses is a major driving force of evolution. a substantial fraction of bacterial and archaeal genomes is dedicated to antivirus defense. we analyzed the distribution of defense genes and typical mobilome components (such as viral and transposon genes) in bacterial and archaeal genomes and demonstrated statistically significant clustering of antivirus defense systems and mobile genes and elements in genomic islands. the defense islands are enriched ... | 2011 | 21908672 |
| regulation of perr expression by iron and perr in campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading food-borne pathogen causing gastroenteritis in humans. although oxyr is a widespread oxidative stress regulator in many gram-negative bacteria, c. jejuni lacks oxyr and instead possesses the metalloregulator perr. despite the important role played by perr in oxidative stress defense, little is known about the factors influencing perr expression in c. jejuni. in this study, a perr promoter-lacz fusion assay demonstrated that iron significantly reduced the level o ... | 2011 | 21908670 |
| caecal transcriptome analysis of colonized and non-colonized chickens within two genetic lines that differ in caecal colonization by campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of human bacterial enteritis worldwide. the molecular mechanisms of the host responses of chickens to c. jejuni colonization are not well understood. we have previously found differences in c. jejuni colonization at 7-days post-inoculation (pi) between two genetic broiler lines. however, within each line, not all birds were colonized by c. jejuni (27.5% colonized in line a, and 70% in line b). therefore, the objective of the present experimen ... | 2011 | 21906100 |
| Lack of correlation between the 257C-to-T mutation in the gyrA gene and clinical severity of Campylobacter jejuni infection in a region of high incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance. | Fluoroquinolone resistance is increasingly detected in Campylobacter jejuni worldwide. Despite the fact that a point mutation in the gyrA gene has been linked with increased fitness in animals, the association of resistant organisms with more severe infections in man remains controversial. | 2011 | 21905953 |
| development of flexible antimicrobial packaging materials against campylobacter jejuni by incorporation of gallic acid into zein-based films. | in this study, antimicrobial films were developed against campylobacter jejuni by incorporation of gallic acid (ga) into zein-based films. the zein and zein-wax composite films containing ga between 2.5 and 10 mg/cm(2) were effective on different c. jejuni strains in a concentration-dependent manner. zein and zein-wax composite films showed different release profiles in distilled water but quite similar release profiles at solid agar medium. depending on incorporated ga concentration, 60-80% of ... | 2011 | 21905708 |
| Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of major foodborne pathogens in imported seafood. | Seafood is a leading commodity implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Seafood importation rose dramatically in the past 3 decades and now contributes to more than 80% of the total U.S. seafood supply. However, limited data are available on the microbiological safety of imported seafood. In this study, we obtained a total of 171 salmon, shrimp, and tilapia samples imported from 12 countries in three retail stores in Baton Rouge, LA. The total microbial population and the ... | 2011 | 21902913 |
| pseudomonas evades immune recognition of flagellin in both mammals and plants. | the building blocks of bacterial flagella, flagellin monomers, are potent stimulators of host innate immune systems. recognition of flagellin monomers occurs by flagellin-specific pattern-recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) in mammals and flagellin-sensitive 2 (fls2) in plants. activation of these immune systems via flagellin leads eventually to elimination of the bacterium from the host. in order to prevent immune activation and thus favor survival in the host, bacteria s ... | 2011 | 21901099 |
| immunoreactivity of glycoproteins isolated from human peripheral nerve and campylobacter jejuni (o:19). | antibodies to ganglioside gm1 are associated with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) in patients with serologic evidence of a preceding infection with campylobacter jejuni. molecular mimicry between c. jejuni lipopolysaccharide (lps) and ganglioside gm1 has been proven to be the immunopathogenic mechanism of the disease in the axonal variant of gbs. gm1-positive sera cross-react with several gal-galnac-bearing glycoproteins from the human peripheral nerve and c. jejuni (o:19). this study aimed to exa ... | 2011 | 21897673 |
| PATRIC: the comprehensive bacterial bioinformatics resource with a focus on human pathogenic species. | Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Pathosystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC) is a genomics-centric relational database and bioinformatics resource designed to assist scientists in infectious-disease research. Specifically, PATRIC provides scientists with (i) a comprehensive bacterial genomics database, (ii) a plethora of associated data relevant to genomic analysis, and (iii) an extensive suite of computational tools and platforms for bioinformatics ... | 2011 | 21896772 |
| Carcinogenic bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori triggers DNA double-strand breaks and a DNA damage response in its host cells. | The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori chronically infects the human gastric mucosa and is the leading risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. The molecular mechanisms of H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis remain ill defined. In this study, we examined the possibility that H. pylori directly compromises the genomic integrity of its host cells. We provide evidence that the infection introduces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in primary and transformed murine and human epit ... | 2011 | 21896770 |
| CsrA-FliW interaction governs flagellin homeostasis and a checkpoint on flagellar morphogenesis in Bacillus subtilis. | CsrA is a widely distributed RNA binding protein that regulates translation initiation and/or mRNA stability of target transcripts. CsrA activity is antagonized by sRNA(s) containing multiple CsrA binding sites in several Gram-negative bacterial species. Here we discover FliW, the first protein antagonist of CsrA activity that constitutes a partner switching mechanism to control flagellin synthesis in the Gram-positive organism Bacillus subtilis. Following the flagellar assembly checkpoint of ho ... | 2011 | 21895793 |
| [quinolone resistant campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans and from poultry]. | eight quinolone resistant campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans with diarrheal disease were compared with 23 isolates from chicken and from laying hens. samples were cultured on selective agar in microaerophilia, identified by conventional tests, and conserved in 17% glycerol at -70 c. clones were determined by rapd-pcr employing the 1254 primer (stern nj). five patterns were obtained. patterns i, ii, and v were found in both poultry and human isolates. pattern i was obtained from po ... | 2011 | 21893445 |
| comparison of campylobacter contamination levels on chicken carcasses between modern and traditional types of slaughtering facilities in malaysia. | a total of 360 samples including fresh fecal droppings, neck skins, and swab samples was collected from 24 broiler flocks and processed by 12 modern processing plants in 6 states in malaysia. ninety samples from 10 traditional wet markets located in the same states as modern processing plants were also collected. microbiological isolation for campylobacter was performed following iso 10272-1:2006 (e). the overall rate of contamination for campylobacter in modern processing plants and in traditio ... | 2011 | 21891977 |
| phsysiological characterization of campylobacter jejuni under cold stresses conditions: its potential for public threat. | campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. under stress conditions, c. jejuni can enter a viable but non-culturable (vbnc) state. we found that the c. jejuni was able to enter a vbnc state by prolonged incubation at 4℃. the standard isolation methods using pre-enrichment steps in bolton broth or preston broth could not detect the vbnc cells in spiked chicken meat. the transcription levels of virulence-associated genes (flaa, flab, cadf, ciab, cdta, cdtb and cdtc) ... | 2011 | 21891974 |
| Structure and mechanism of the lipooligosaccharide sialyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis. | The first x-ray crystallographic structure of a CAZY family-52 glycosyltransferase, that of the membrane associated a2,3/a2,6 lipooligosaccharide sialyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis serotype L1 (NST), has been solved to 1.95 Å resolution. The structure of NST adopts a GT-B-fold common with other glycosyltransferase (GT) families but exhibits a novel domain swap of the N-terminal 130 residues to create a functional homodimeric form not observed in any other class to date. The domain swa ... | 2011 | 21880735 |
| synthesis of the 6-o-methyl-d-glycero-α-l-gluco-heptopyranose moiety present in the capsular polysaccharide from campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168. | the first synthesis of the 6-o-methyl-d-glycero-α-l-gluco-heptopyranose moiety present in the capsular polysaccharide from campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 is reported. the target (1) was synthesized as the 8-aminooctyl glycoside and then conjugated to bovine serum albumin (bsa) for the generation of antibodies recognizing this motif. heptose 1 was obtained from d-galactose via a series of galactofuranose derivatives. | 2011 | 21879746 |
| Exploiting bacterial glycosylation machineries for the synthesis of a Lewis antigen-containing glycoprotein. | Glycoproteins constitute a class of compounds of increasing importance for pharmaceutical applications. The manipulation of bacterial protein glycosylation systems from Gram-negative bacteria for the synthesis of recombinant glycoproteins is a promising alternative to the current production methods. Proteins carrying Lewis antigens have been shown to have potential applications for the treatment of diverse autoimmune diseases. In this work, we developed a mixed approach consisting of in vivo and ... | 2011 | 21878645 |
| antibacterial activity of three medicinal thai plants against campylobacter jejuni and other foodborne pathogens. | leaves of adenanthera pavonina, moringa oleifera and annona squamosa are used in traditional thai medicine to treat dysentery and other diseases. this study investigated the antibacterial activity of these plants against six species of foodborne pathogen. methods and solvents employed to extract active constituents were optimised using the disc diffusion assay. phytochemical analysis of the optimised extracts was performed by thin layer chromatography (tlc). minimum inhibitory concentrations (mi ... | 2011 | 21878033 |
| the physiologic and phenotypic alterations due to macrolide exposure in campylobacter jejuni. | physiologic and phenotypic alterations in the context of antibiotic resistance have been extensively studied in some bacteria. however there are not enough data addressing these alterations due to macrolide resistance in campylobacter jejuni. the present study examined the fitness cost imposed by different macrolide resistance mutations and the phenotypic alterations due to exposure to macrolides in c. jejuni. c. jejuni was induced with different macrolide agents to obtain different macrolide re ... | 2011 | 21875757 |
| Protective immunity to ricin toxin conferred by antibodies against the toxin's binding subunit (RTB). | The B subunit (RTB) of ricin toxin is a galactose-/N-acetyl galactosamine-specific lectin that promotes attachment and entry of ricin into host cells. RTB is also the archetype of the so-called R-type lectin family, whose members include haemagglutinins of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) progenitor toxins, as well as the binding subunits of cytolethal distending toxins. Although RTB is an appealing subunit vaccine candidate, as well as a potential target for immunotherapeutics, the degree to which R ... | 2011 | 21872634 |
| hla-dr3 restricted t cell epitope mimicry in induction of autoimmune response to lupus-associated antigen smd. | although systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is a multigenic autoimmune disorder, hla-d is the most dominant genetic susceptibility locus. this study was undertaken to investigate the hypothesis that microbial peptides bind hla-dr3 and activate t cells reactive with lupus autoantigens. using hla-dr3 transgenic mice and lupus-associated autoantigen smd protein, smd(79-93) was identified to contain a dominant hla-dr3 restricted t cell epitope. this t cell epitope was characterized by using a t-t hy ... | 2011 | 21868195 |
| towards the integration of genomics, epidemiological and clinical data. | a report on 'a wellcome trust scientific conference: applied bioinformatics and public health microbiology 2011', hinxton, cambridge, 1-3 june, 2011. | 2011 | 21867574 |
| diagnostic strategy used to establish etiologies of encephalitis in a prospective cohort of patients in england. | the laboratory diagnostic strategy used to determine the etiology of encephalitis in 203 patients is reported. an etiological diagnosis was made by first-line laboratory testing for 111 (55%) patients. subsequent testing, based on individual case reviews, resulted in 17 (8%) further diagnoses, of which 12 (71%) were immune-mediated and 5 (29%) were due to infection. seventy-five cases were of unknown etiology. sixteen (8%) of 203 samples were found to be associated with either n-methyl-d-asparta ... | 2011 | 21865429 |
| from farm to fork follow-up of thermotolerant campylobacters throughout the broiler production chain and in human cases in a hungarian county during a ten-months period. | a study tracking thermotolerant campylobacters from the setting of the broilers throughout the whole rearing period, slaughter and sale of chicken products in five consecutive broiler rotations of the same henhouse as well as in two different other farms was conducted in a well-defined geographic area (hajdú-bihar county, hungary) between march 2006 and feb 2007. all notified cases of human campylobacteriosis in this area during the study period were also included. one hundred and one, 44, 23 an ... | 2011 | 21864930 |
| the campylobacter jejuni nctc11168 capsule prevents excessive cytokine production by dendritic cells. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, mainly caused by handling and consumption of contaminated poultry. however, the immune response to infection is poorly understood. here, the impact of the c. jejuni capsule, flagella and the n-linked glycosylation system on cytokine production by dendritic cells was investigated. bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells (bmdcs) infected with c. jejuni lacking the n-linked glycosylation system produced simil ... | 2011 | 21863342 |
| irritable bowel syndrome, gut microbiota and probiotics. | irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is a complex disorder characterized by abdominal symptoms including chronic abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel habits. the etiology of ibs is multifactorial, as abnormal gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, disturbed neural function of the brain-gut axis and an abnormal autonomic nervous system are all implicated in disease progression. based on recent experimental and clinical studies, it has been suggested that additional etiological factors inclu ... | 2011 | 21860817 |
| the influence of staphylococcus aureus on gut microbial ecology in an in vitro continuous culture human colonic model system. | an anaerobic three-stage continuous culture model of the human colon (gut model), which represent different anatomical areas of the large intestine, was used to study the effect of s. aureus infection of the gut on the resident faecal microbiota. studies on the development of the microbiota in the three vessels were performed and bacteria identified by culture independent fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). furtheremore, short chain fatty acids (scfa), as principal end products of gut bac ... | 2011 | 21858036 |
| Application of the modular approach to an in-house validation study of real-time PCR methods for the detection and serogroup determination of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli. | European Commission regulation 2073/2005 on the microbiological criteria for food requires that Escherichia coli is monitored as an indicator of hygienic conditions. Since verocytotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) strains often cause food-borne infections by the consumption of raw food, the Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) panel of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommended their monitoring in food as well. In particular, VTEC strains belonging to serogroups such as O26, O103, O111, O145, and O157 ... | 2011 | 21856838 |
| real-time multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of campylobacter jejuni, salmonella, shigella and yersinia species in fecal samples. | diarrheal diseases due to notifiable bacterial infections require rapid diagnosis of the causative pathogens. to facilitate detection, a real-time multiplex pcr was developed that identifies common diarrhea-causing bacteria in fecal samples. on the basis of published sequence data, sets of primers and probes were designed that were specific for campylobacter jejuni, salmonella, shigella/enteroinvasive escherichia coli eiec, and yersinia species, suitable for use in a one-tube pcr assay. the assa ... | 2011 | 21855409 |
| A Campylobacter jejuni Dps Homolog Has a Role in Intracellular Survival and in the Development of Campylobacterosis in Neonate Piglets. | Abstract Iron acquisition is an absolute requirement by most microorganisms for host survival. In this work, we investigated the Campylobacter jejuni iron binding Dps protein for a potential role in virulence. In vitro assays using J774A.1 macrophage-like cells demonstrated a 2.5 log reduction in C. jejuni survival of the Dps mutant and a reduction of four logs in invasion of HEp-2 epithelial cells compared to the wild-type strain. To examine the role of the dps gene in host pathogenesis, the ... | 2011 | 21854265 |
| refinement of a human challenge model for evaluation of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccines. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strain h10407 (serotype o78:h11 producing heat-labile toxin [lt], heat-stable toxin [st], and colonization factor i [cfa/i]) induces reliably high diarrheal attack rates (ars) in a human challenge model at doses of ≥10(9) cfu. a descending-dose challenge study was conducted with changes to the standard fasting time and buffer formulation, seeking conditions that permit lower inocula while maintaining reproducibly high ars. in cohort 1, 20 subjects were fas ... | 2011 | 21852546 |
| cytoplasmic n-glycosyltransferase of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an inverting enzyme and recognizes the nx(s/t) consensus sequence. | n-linked glycosylation is a frequent protein modification that occurs in all three domains of life. this process involves the transfer of a preassembled oligosaccharide from a lipid donor to asparagine side chains of polypeptides and is catalyzed by the membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase (ost). we characterized an alternative bacterial pathway wherein a cytoplasmic n-glycosyltransferase uses nucleotide-activated monosaccharides as donors to modify asparagine residues of peptides and protei ... | 2011 | 21852240 |
| the role of campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin in gastroenteritis: toxin detection, antibody production, and clinical outcome. | the role of campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) on clinical outcome after gastroenteritis was investigated. clinical data, blood serum samples, and campylobacter spp. isolated, from each of 30 patients were collected over a period of 6 months. the cdt encoding genes, cdtabc, characterized by pcr, revealed that all but one of the c. jejuni strains had the wild-type sequence. sequencing of cdtabc from this strain showed two major deletions. from all of the strains, cdt titers we ... | 2011 | 21851421 |
| systemic infections mimicking thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. | the absence of specific diagnostic criteria, the urgency to begin plasma exchange treatment, and the risk for complications from plasma exchange make the initial evaluation of patients with suspected thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp) difficult. systemic infections may mimic the presenting clinical features of ttp. in the oklahoma ttp-hus (hemolytic-uremic syndrome) registry, 1989-2010, 415 consecutive patients have been clinically diagnosed with their first episode of ttp; in 31 (7%) the ... | 2011 | 21850657 |
| ligand-induced conformational changes within a hexameric acyl-coa thioesterase. | acyl-coenzyme a (acyl-coa) thioesterases play a crucial role in the metabolism of activated fatty acids, coenzyme a, and other metabolic precursor molecules including arachidonic acid and palmitic acid. these enzymes hydrolyze coenzyme a from acyl-coa esters to mediate a range of cellular functions including β-oxidation, lipid biosynthesis, and signal transduction. here, we present the crystal structure of a hexameric hot-dog domain-containing acyl-coa thioesterase from bacillus halodurans in th ... | 2011 | 21849495 |
| N-linked glycosylation in Archaea: two paths to the same glycan. | N-linked protein glycosylation occurs in all three branches of life, eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea. The simplest system is that of the bacterium, Campylobacter jejuni, in which a heptasaccharide glycan is added to multiple proteins from a single lipid carrier molecule. In the eukaryotic system a conserved tetradecasaccharide modification is first added to target proteins, but is then modified by trimming and addition of other glycans from additional carrier molecules resulting in a diverse ar ... | 2011 | 21848800 |
| Gut microbiota: next frontier in understanding human health and development of biotherapeutics. | The gut microbiota is a remarkable asset for human health. As a key element in the development and prevention of specific diseases, its study has yielded a new field of promising biotherapeutics. This review provides comprehensive and updated knowledge of the human gut microbiota, its implications in health and disease, and the potentials and limitations of its modification by currently available biotherapeutics to treat, prevent and/or restore human health, and future directions. Homeostasis of ... | 2011 | 21847343 |
| treatment guidelines for guillain-barré syndrome. | 2011 | 21847334 | |
| horizontal gene exchange in environmental microbiota. | horizontal gene transfer (hgt) plays an important role in the evolution of life on the earth. this view is supported by numerous occasions of hgt that are recorded in the genomes of all three domains of living organisms. hgt-mediated rapid evolution is especially noticeable among the bacteria, which demonstrate formidable adaptability in the face of recent environmental changes imposed by human activities, such as the use of antibiotics, industrial contamination, and intensive agriculture. at th ... | 2011 | 21845185 |