Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| the influence of vernalization and daylength on expression of flowering-time genes in the shoot apex and leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare). | responses to prolonged low-temperature treatment of imbibed seeds (vernalization) were examined in barley (hordeum vulgare). these occurred in two phases: the perception of prolonged cold, which occurred gradually at low temperatures, and the acceleration of reproductive development, which occurred after vernalization. expression of the vernalization1 gene (hvvrn1) increased gradually in germinating seedlings during vernalization, both at the shoot apex and in the developing leaves. this occurre ... | 0 | 19357429 |
| flow cytometric analysis of the chromosomes and stability of a wheat cell-culture line. | a rapidly growing, long-term suspension culture derived from triticum aestivum l. (wheat) was synchronized using hydroxyurea and colchicine, and a chromosome suspension with 2-3 x 10(6) chromosomes ml(-1) was made. after staining with the dna-specific fluorochromes hoechst 33258 and chromomycin a(3), univariate and bivariate flow-cytometry histograms showed 15 clearly resolved peaks corresponding to individual chromosome types or groups of chromosomes with similar dna contents. the flow karyotyp ... | 0 | 19352750 |
| comparative rflp mapping of the chlorotoluron resistance gene (su1) in cultivated wheat (triticum aestivum) and wild wheat (triticum dicoccoides). | chlorotoluron is a selective phenylurea herbicide widely used for broad-leaved and annual grass weed control in cereals. variation in the response to chlorotoluron (ct) was found in both hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and wild tetraploid wheat (triticum dicoccoides körn.). here, we describe the comparative mapping of the ct resistance gene (su1) on chromosome 6b in bread and wild wheat using rflp markers. in bread wheat, mapping was based on 58 f(4) single-seed descent (ssd) plants ... | 0 | 19352744 |
| removing celiac disease-related gluten proteins from bread wheat while retaining technological properties: a study with chinese spring deletion lines. | gluten proteins can induce celiac disease (cd) in genetically susceptible individuals. in cd patients gluten-derived peptides are presented to the immune system, which leads to a cd4+ t-cell mediated immune response and inflammation of the small intestine. however, not all gluten proteins contain t-cell stimulatory epitopes. gluten proteins are encoded by multigene loci present on chromosomes 1 and 6 of the three different genomes of hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) (aabbdd). | 2009 | 19351412 |
| basal expression studies of cystatins during specific growth stages of wheat spikes for defining their possible role in differential and stage dependent immunity against karnal bunt (tilletia indica). | two genotypes showing differential immunity against karnal bunt (tilletia indica) were used to investigate the role of three members of cystatin gene family in growth stage dependent immunity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). three members of cystatin gene family (wc1, wc2, and wc4) were cloned and sequenced. analysis of sequenced data showed that there was 76-99% nucleotide and protein sequence identity between different genes of the wheat cystatin. in silico amino acid sequence analysis reveale ... | 2010 | 19347606 |
| timing and biosynthetic potential for carotenoid accumulation in genetically diverse germplasm of maize. | enhancement of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in food crops benefits human health and adds commercial value of natural food colorants. however, predictable metabolic engineering or breeding is limited by the incomplete understanding of endogenous pathway regulation, including rate-controlling steps and timing of expression in carotenogenic tissues. the grass family (poaceae) contains major crop staples, including maize (zea mays), wheat (triticum aestivum), rice (oryza sativa), sorghum (sor ... | 2009 | 19346441 |
| the characterization and geographical distribution of the genes responsible for vernalization requirement in chinese bread wheat. | the frequency and distribution of the major vernalization requirement genes and their effects on growth habits were studied. of the 551 bread wheat genotypes tested, seven allelic combinations of the three vrn-1 genes were found to be responsible for the spring habit, three for the facultative habit and one for the winter habit. the three vrn-1 genes behaved additively with the dominant allele of vrn-a1 exerting the strongest effect. the allele combinations of the facultative genotypes and the d ... | 2009 | 19341410 |
| decorrelating source and sink determinism of nitrogen remobilization during grain filling in wheat. | nitrogen (n) remobilization is the major source of n for grain filling in wheat, the other being n uptake after anthesis (n(up)); however, variations in remobilization efficiency are not fully understood. it is hard to tell whether the source or the sink effects predominate, because n in the culm at anthesis (n(ant)) correlates strongly with both n remobilization (n(rem)) and grain number (g(n)), respectively the main source and the main sink. | 2009 | 19339296 |
| the three classes of wheat xylanase-inhibiting proteins accumulate in an analogous way during wheat ear development and germination. | wheat contains high levels of the three classes of xylanase inhibitors (xis), triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi), xylanase-inhibiting protein (xip) and thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor (tlxi). these proteins have been linked to plant defense. in this study, expression of xis during wheat ear development and germination was examined using immunoblotting. the three types of xis accumulated at high levels between the milky and the soft dough stages of ear development, and reached the high ... | 2009 | 19339078 |
| [genetic diversity of local spring soft wheats (triticum aestivum l.) of west and east siberia in gliadin genes]. | a considerable polymorphism in gliadin genes was detected in the local wheats of west siberia (altai krai, omsk oblast, and kurgan oblast) and the local cultivars characteristic of several east siberian regions (krasnoyarsk krai, irkutsk oblast, tuva, and yakutia), and the genetic formulas were determined. the common alleles characteristic of the wheats of both regions were detected, namely, gli-a1f, gli-a1j, gli-a1i, gli-a1m, gli-b1e, gli-b1m, gli-d1a, gli-a2q, gli-a2k, gli-a2u, gli-d2a, and gl ... | 2009 | 19334616 |
| transcriptome pathways unique to dehydration tolerant relatives of modern wheat. | among abiotic stressors, drought is a major factor responsible for dramatic yield loss in agriculture. in order to reveal differences in global expression profiles of drought tolerant and sensitive wild emmer wheat genotypes, a previously deployed shock-like dehydration process was utilized to compare transcriptomes at two time points in root and leaf tissues using the affymetrix genechip(r) wheat genome array hybridization. the comparison of transcriptomes reveal several unique genes or express ... | 2009 | 19330365 |
| saturation and comparative mapping of the genomic region harboring hessian fly resistance gene h26 in wheat. | resistance gene h26, derived from aegilops tauschii coss., is one of the most effective r genes against the hessian fly [mayetiola destructor (say)], an important pest of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). using a limited number of pcr-based molecular markers a previous study mapped h26 to the wheat chromosomal deletion bin 3dl3-0.81-1.00. the objectives of this study were to saturate the chromosomal region harboring h26 with newly developed pcr-based markers and to investigate the collinearity of th ... | 2009 | 19322558 |
| family-based mapping of quantitative trait loci in plant breeding populations with resistance to fusarium head blight in wheat as an illustration. | traditional quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping approaches are typically based on early or advanced generation analysis of bi-parental populations. a limitation associated with this methodology is the fact that mapping populations rarely give rise to new cultivars. additionally, markers linked to the qtl of interest are often not immediately available for use in breeding and they may not be useful within diverse genetic backgrounds. use of breeding populations for simultaneous qtl mapping, mar ... | 2009 | 19322557 |
| roles of morphology, anatomy, and aquaporins in determining contrasting hydraulic behavior of roots. | the contrasting hydraulic properties of wheat (triticum aestivum), narrow-leafed lupin (lupinus angustifolius), and yellow lupin (lupinus luteus) roots were identified by integrating measurements of water flow across different structural levels of organization with anatomy and modeling. anatomy played a major role in root hydraulics, influencing axial conductance (l(ax)) and the distribution of water uptake along the root, with a more localized role for aquaporins (aqps). lupin roots had greater ... | 2009 | 19321713 |
| variety-specific response of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaf mitochondria to drought stress. | the main objective of the present work was to examine leaf respiratory responses to dehydration and subsequent recovery in three varieties of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) known to differ in their level of drought tolerance. under dehydration, both total respiration and salicylhydroxamic acid (sham)-resistant cytochrome (cyt) pathway respiration by leaf segments decreased significantly compared with well-watered plants. this decrease was more pronounced in the drought-sensitive sadovo and ... | 2009 | 19319627 |
| [molecular cytogenetic identification of aegilops ventricosa x aegilops cylindrica amphiploid sdau18]. | sdau18, an amphiploid of ae.ventricosa with ae.cylindrica, was identified by cytological analysis, seed storage protein electrophoresis, genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and inoculation assessment. the results are as follows: the chromosome number of root tip cells (rtcs) of sdau18 plants varied from 52 to 56. 28 bivalents were observed in most pmcs mi of sdau18 with 56 chromosomes, meanwhile, a few univalents, multivalents also existed in some pmcs mi, and the average chromosome configurati ... | 2009 | 19306684 |
| evaluation of a seed-treatment method with acetone for delivering systemic nematicides with wheat and rye. | seeds of 'coker 68-15' wheat and 'maton' rye were immersed for 5 min in acetone solutions of oxamyl, carbofuran, or phenamiphos containing 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0% (w/v) nematicide; after drying, seeds were planted in pots containing 500 gm of sandy loam naturally infested with hoplolaimus galeatus and tylenchorhynchus claytoni. in sterilized soil, only the 5% concentrations of all nematicides were toxic to rye, whereas both the 2.5 and 5% concentrations were damaging to wheat. phenamiph ... | 1977 | 19305616 |
| behavioral response of nothanguina phyllobia to selected plant species. | the silver-leaf nightshade nenmtode, nothanguina phyllobia, is a promising biological control agent for its only reported host, solanum elaeagnifolium cav. when infective larvae of n. phyllobia and stem tissue of 39 econmnically important plant species were suspended in 0.5% water agar, nematodes aggregated about s. elaeagnifolium, solanum carolinense l., solanum melongena l., solanum tuberosum l., and prunus caroliniana (mill.) ait. nematodes responded to solanum spp. via positive chemotaxis an ... | 1979 | 19305532 |
| the molecular biology of seasonal flowering-responses in arabidopsis and the cereals. | in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), flowering locus t (ft) and flowering locus c (flc) play key roles in regulating seasonal flowering-responses to synchronize flowering with optimal conditions. ft is a promoter of flowering activated by long days and by warm conditions. flc represses ft to delay flowering until plants experience winter. | 2009 | 19304997 |
| suppressive effect of magnesium oxide materials on cadmium accumulation in winter wheat grain cultivated in a cadmium-contaminated paddy field under annual rice-wheat rotational cultivation. | the effectiveness of two kinds of magnesium oxide (mgo) materials, commercial mgo (2250 kg ha(-1)) and a material derived from mgo and magnesium silicate minerals named 'mgo-sh-a' (2250 and 4500 kg ha(-1)1), in suppression of uptake and accumulation of cadmium (cd) into grain of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. ayahikari) was examined in a cd-contaminated alluvial paddy field under annual rice-wheat rotational system. the mgo materials were mixed into the plough-layer soil only once prior ... | 2009 | 19304384 |
| the development and influence of meloidogyne incognita and m. javanica on wheat. | the effects of soil temperature and initial inoculum density (pi) of meloidogyne incognito and m. javanica on growth of wheat (triticum aestivum cv. anza) and nematode reproduction were studied in controlled temperature baths in the glasshouse. nematode reproduction was directly proportional to temperature between 14 and 30 c for m. incognita and between 18 and 26 c for m. javanica. reproduction rates (pf/pi, where pf = final number of eggs) for pi's of 3,000, 9,000, and 30,000 eggs/plant were g ... | 1981 | 19300774 |
| effects of soil temperature and planting date of wheat on meloidogyne incognita reproduction, soil populations, and grain yield. | wheat cultivars anza and produra grown in winter in california were planted in meloidogyne incognita infested and noninfested sandy loam plots in october (soil temperature 21 c) and november (soil temperature 16 c) of 1979. meloidogyne incognita penetrated roots of mid-october planted ataza (427 juveniles/g root), developed into adult females by january, and produced 75 eggs/g root by harvest in april. penetration and development did not occur in late plantings. anza seedlings grown in infested ... | 1981 | 19300773 |
| influence of meloidogyne chitwoodi and m. hapla on wheat growth. | meloidogyne chitwoodi reduced the growth of winter wheat 'nugaines' directly in relation to nematode density in the greenhouse, the relationship between top dry weight and initial nematode density suggests a tolerance limit of nugaines wheat to m. chitwoodi of between 0.03 and 0.18 eggs/cm(3) of soil; the value for relative minimum plant top weight was 0.45 g and 0.75 g, respectively. growth of wheat in field microplots containing four population densities (0.003, 0.05, 0.75 and 9 eggs/cm(3) soi ... | 1984 | 19295895 |
| effect of cadmium and salinity stresses on growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity (nacl) and cadmium (cd) stresses on growth, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities of three wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. cd and nacl stresses inhibited plant growth, reduced chlorophyll content, and increased melondialdehyde content and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. the combined effect of nacl and cd on these parameters was larger than both nacl and cd al ... | 2009 | 19294326 |
| new species of cyst nematode heterodera pakistanensis (nematoda: heteroderidae) attacking wheat in pakistan. | heterodera pakistanensis n. sp., described and illustrated from roots of common wheat (triticum aestivum) from sukkur, sind, pakistan, belongs to the goettingiana group. it is most closely related to h. cyperi golden, rau &cobb, 1962, h. raskii basnet & jayaprakash, 1984, and h. mothi khan &husain, 1965. second-stage juveniles (j2) can be distinguished from h. cyperi j2 by an areolated lateral field with four incisures and shorter stylet, whereas cysts are separated by a more elongated vulva sli ... | 1986 | 19294224 |
| influence of selected cultural practices on winter survival of pratylenchus brachyurus and subsequent effects on soybean yield. | planting date of soybean, glycine max, influenced winter survival of pratylenchus brachyurus in microplots at two locations in north carolina. delayed planting resulted in a linear decrease (p = 0.05) in the numbers of p. brachyurus at soybean harvest. effects of planting date on nematode numbers persisted over winter, indicating that survival in the absence of a host is density independent. compared with winter fallow, winter wheat, triticum aestivum, reduced winter survival of p. brachyurus. s ... | 1985 | 19294125 |
| development of meloidogyne chitwoodi on wheat. | postinfection development of meloidogyne chitwoodi from second-stage juveniles (j2) to mature females and egg deposition on 'nugaines' winter wheat required 105, 51, 36, and 21 days at 10, 15, 20, and 25 c. at 25 c, the j2 induced cavities and hyperplasia in the cortex and apical meristem of root tips with hypertrophy of cortical and apical meristem cell nuclei, 2 and 5 days after inoculation. giant cells induced by late j2 were observed in the stele 10 days after inoculation. clusters of egg-la ... | 1985 | 19294100 |
| nematode population and community dynamics in soybean-wheat cropping and tillage regimes. | the nematode community structures of various soybean-wheat regimes and of a single-cropped, conventionally tilled soybean regime were studied at two sites in tennessee. each of the 100 nematode species identified in the study was placed in one of five trophic groups, the most diverse being plant parasites (31 species), followed by dorylaimida (26 species), bacterivores (23 species), fungivores (15 species), and predators (5 species). no significant differences in overall diversity and dominance ... | 1984 | 19294042 |
| characterization of total, free and esterified phytosterols in tetraploid and hexaploid wheats. | dietary plant sterols have received increasing attention in recent years due to their favorable health benefits. the present research focused on quantification of phytosterols as free, esterified and total forms in different tetraploid (5 cultivars of triticum durum desf., 9 cultivars of triticum dicoccon schrank) and hexaploid (5 cultivars of t. aestivum l., 12 cultivars of triticum spelta l.) wheats. tetraploid wheats showed the highest content of total sterol (79.4 and 79.5 mg of sterols /100 ... | 2009 | 19292465 |
| nematode response to cool season annual graminaceous species and cultivars. | the response of 29 rye, oat, triticale, and wheat cultivars to selected nematode species was determined in the greenhouse. variability in nematode root galling and final nematode population densities in root and soil in response to cool season annual graminaceous crops occurred for spiral (helicotylenchus dihystera), stubby root (paratrichodorus minor), and root-knot (meloidogyne incognita) nematodes. although none of the graminaceous crops supported m. incognita at levels as high as the suscept ... | 1987 | 19290289 |
| investigations of the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, from maryland. | the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, recently detected in maryland, was investigated. a total of 269 plant entries, representing 68 families, 172 genera, and 204 species, was inoculated with cysts or a mixture of eggs and second-stage juveniles of h. zeae. the host range of the maryland population of h. zeae was limited to plants of the gramineae and included 11 tribes, 33 genera, 42 species, and 77 entries. all 22 corn (zea mays) cultivars tested were hosts. other economic ... | 1987 | 19290286 |
| influence of edaphic factors and previous crop on pratylenchus spp. population densities in potato. | root and soil samples from commercial potato fields were assayed for nematodes in 1983 and 1984. pratylenchus spp. population densities in suffolk county, new york, were consistently, though not always statistically, higher in potato fields that had been planted to rye or wheat rather than potatoes during the previous growing season. regardless of the previous crop, population densities in the two potato production areas in suffolk county differed significantly: population densities on the south ... | 1987 | 19290111 |
| descriptions of two new species of tylenchorhynchus cobb, 1913 (nematoda: tylenchida), with details on morphology and variation of t. claytoni. | two new species of plant parasitic nematodes (tylenchorhynchus quaidi n. sp. and t. tritici n. sp.) from pakistan are described and illustrated. tylenchorhynchus quaidi n. sp., from soil around roots of potato (solanum tuberosum) from an experimental field of nnrc, karachi, pakistan, is distinguishable from other species by its peculiar sunken dome-shaped head. although similar to t. goffarti, it differs by head shape, areolation of lateral field, ratios a (23-28 vs. 29-37) and c (11-14 vs. 13-2 ... | 1987 | 19290107 |
| root-knot nematode management and yield of soybean as affected by winter cover crops, tillage systems, and nematicides. | management of meloidogyne incognita on soybean as affected by winter small grain crops or fallow, two tillage systems, and nematicides was studied. numbers of m. incognita did not differ in plots planted to wheat and rye. yields of soybean planted after these crops also did not differ. numbers of m. incognita were greater in fallow than in rye plots, but soybean yield was not affected by the two treatments. soybean yields were greater in subsoil-plant than in moldboard plowed plots. ethylene dib ... | 1987 | 19290104 |
| effects of planting date, small grain crop destruction, fallow, and soil temperature on the management of meloidogyne incognita. | the effects of planting date, rye (secale cereale cv. wren abruzzi) and wheat (triticura aestivum cv. coker 797), crop destruction, fallow, and soil temperature on managing meloidogyne incognita race 1 were determined in a 2-year study. more m. incognita juveniles (j2) and egg-producing adults were found in roots of rye planted 1 october than in roots of rye planted 1 november and wheat planted 1 november and 1 december. numbers of m. incognita adults with and without egg masses were near or bel ... | 1990 | 19287731 |
| reproduction of pratylenchus penetrans on potato and crops grown in rotation with potato. | the relative suitability of potato and crops frequently grown in rotation with potato as hosts for pratylenchus penetrans was evaluated. suitability of rye, wheat, corn, oat, sorgho-sudangrass, and potato were compared in pot studies based on ratios of final population : initial population density and densities of nematodes in roots at harvest. population densities increased more on potato, oat, and corn than on rye, wheat, and sorgho-sudangrass. there were no differences among the four rye cult ... | 1990 | 19287696 |
| suitability of small grains as hosts of meloidogyne species. | seven cultivars of wheat, five of oat, one of rye, and four of barley were tested as hosts for meloidogyne incognita, m. javanica, or m. arenaria under greenhouse conditions where soil temperature ranged from 21 to 34 c. reproduction rates of all nematode species were high on all cultivars, except m. javanica and m. arenaria on 'brooks' and 'florida 501' oat. meloidogyne incognita and m. javanica produced more eggs on roots of 'rutgers' tomato than on cultivars of wheat, oat, rye, or barley. | 1989 | 19287666 |
| resistance in triticum and aegilops spp. to meloidogyne chitwoodi. | two lines of aegilops squarrosa (g 3489 and g 1279) and triticum cultivars anza, cocorit, produra, chinese spring, nugaines, and a synthetic hexaploid were screened for resistance to meloidogyne chitwoodi. reproduction of m. chitwoodi, expressed as eggs per gram root, was low (p < 0.01) on g 3489 and the synthetic hexaploid. reproduction on all other cultivars tested was high although differences (p < 0.01) existed among them. | 1989 | 19287662 |
| nematicide seed dressing for cyst and lesion nematode control in wheat. | a trial was conducted in the northern negev region of israel in a field heavily infested with both cyst (heterodera avenae) and lesion (pratylenchus mediterraneus) nematodes. wheat (triticum aestivum cv. bet lehem) seeds were coated with either seed-dressing formulation of furathiocarb 10 g a.i./kg seed or emulsifiable concentrate formulations ofcarbofuran 10 g a.i./kg seed or oxamyl 3.6 g a.i./kg seed. untreated seeds served as control. the trial was arranged in a randomized block design with s ... | 1989 | 19287661 |
| phytoparasitic nematode surveys of arkansas wheat fields, 1986-1988. | in arkansas wheat is commonly grown either in rotation or double cropped with soybean. surveys from 1986 to 1988 identified 18 phytoparasitic nematode species in arkansas wheat fields. the frequency of occurrence, as a percentage of the total number of samples (199), for the following nematodes was heterodera glycines 43%, quinisulcius acutus 40%, pratylenchus scribneri 37%, helicotylenchus pseudorobustus 15 %, xiphinema americanum 14%, paratylenchus tenuicaudatus 13 %, pratylenchus alleni 10%, ... | 1989 | 19287660 |
| use of chitin for controlling heterodera avenae and tylenchulus semipenetrans. | the nematicidal effect of chitin, relative to other pesticides, was evaluated against two plant-parasitic nematodes, heterodera avenae and tylenchulus semipenetrans. wheat seedlings, grown in soils artificially or naturally infested with h. avenae, were treated with 0.4% (w/w) clandosan (cla) prepared from crustacean chitin, aldicarb (temik 15g), or ethylene dibromide (edb 90ec). the cla treatment significantly increased wheat straw, ear, and average grain dry weights of nematode-infected plants ... | 1989 | 19287630 |
| resistance to meloidogyne spp. in allohexaploid wheat derived from triticum turgidum and aegilops squarrosa. | expression of resistance to meloidogyne incognita and m. javanica from aegilops squarrosa was studied in a synthetic allohexaploid produced from triticum turgidum var. durum cv. produra and ae. squarrosa g 3489. the reproductive rate of different races of m. incognita and m. javanica, expressed in eggs per gram of fresh root, was low (p < 0.05) on the synthetic allohexaploid and the resistant parent, ae. squarrosa g 3489, compared with different bread and durum wheat cultivars. reproduction of r ... | 1989 | 19287575 |
| effect of cropping regime on populations of belonolaimus sp. and pratylenchus scribneri in sandy soil. | the host efficiencies of corn, sorghum, soybean, and wheat were compared for a kansas population of belonolaimus sp. under greenhouse conditions. in a related field study conducted in 1989 and 1990, the responses of belonolaimus sp. and pratylenchus scribneri populations to eight cropping regimes were monitored at depths of 0-30 and 31-60 cm in sandy soil. with the exception of alfalfa, all crop species examined supported substantial increases in populations of both nematodes. largest nematode p ... | 1991 | 19283178 |
| potential errors in electron transport rates calculated from chlorophyll fluorescence as revealed by a multilayer leaf model. | increasingly, photosynthetic electron transport rate is being calculated from chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. the fluorescence signal is a complex mixture of contributions from different depths within the mesophyll. one condition required for electron transport calculated from fluorescence to represent the rate accurately is that the ratio of photosynthetic capacity to light absorbed be constant throughout the leaf. in order to explore the fluorescence properties of leaves where this assu ... | 2009 | 19282373 |
| [influence of salicylic and succinic acids on the cytophysiological reactions of wheat infected by brown rust]. | the influence of the salicylic and succinic acids on the cytophysiological reactions of the plants and cellular structures of the fungus were investigated using the model of common wheat triticum aestivum l. infected by brown rust. the experiments were performed on seedlings of the isogenic line of var. thatcher with resistant gene lr19. the salicylic and succinic acids accelerated and enhanced to a different extent the generation of active oxygen species and synthesis of callose and phenylpropa ... | 2009 | 19281048 |
| interactions between heterodera avenae and pratylenchus neglectus on wheat. | in a long-term field experiment, differential population densities of heterodera avenae were produced by frequent cropping with resistant (cv. panema) or susceptible (cv. peniarth) oat. the two oat cultivars were equally good hosts of pratylenchus neglectus in a glass house experiment with field soil. on wheat crops grown after oats in field experiments, p. neglectus population densities in roots were higher in plots where h. avenae had been controlled than in plots with moderate infestations (4 ... | 1994 | 19279901 |
| description and sem observations of meloidogyne sasseri n. sp. (nematoda: meloidogynidae), parasitizing beachgrasses. | meloidogyne sasseri n. sp. is described and illustrated from american beachgrass (ammophila breviliffulata) originally collected from henlopen state park and fenwick island near the maryland state line in delaware, united states (6). its relationship to m. graminis, m. spartinae, and m. californiensis is discussed. primary distinctive characters of the female perineal pattern were a high to rounded arch with shoulders, widely spaced lateral lines interrupting transverse striations, a sunken vulv ... | 1993 | 19279820 |
| partial resistance to heterodera avenae in wheat lines with the 6m v chromosome from aegilops ventricosa. | lines of wheat with the 6m(v) chromosome from aegilops ventricosa display partial resistance to both pathotypes hal2 and ha41 of heterodera avenae. with either pathotype, the effect of this alien chromosome on cyst production, size, and fecundity was expressed in resistance tests. partial resistance of five 6m(v)(6d) substitution lines varied according to the intrinsic cyst-forming capacity of the nematode pathotypes and the recipient germplasms. such partial resistance can be utilized in wheat ... | 1993 | 19279767 |
| mapping and proteomic analysis of albumin and globulin proteins in hexaploid wheat kernels (triticum aestivum l.). | albumins and globulins of wheat endosperm represent 20% of total kernel protein. they are soluble proteins, mainly enzymes and proteins involved in cell functions. two-dimensional gel immobiline electrophoresis (2de) (ph 4-7) x sds-page revealed around 2,250 spots. ninety percent of the spots were common between the very distantly related cultivars 'opata 85' and 'synthetic w7984', the two parents of the international triticeae mapping initiative (itmi) progeny. 'opata' had 130 specific spots wh ... | 2009 | 19277600 |
| are pathogenesis-related proteins induced by meloidogne javanica or heterodera avenae lnvasion? | changes in root- and leaf-soluble proteins were investigated in tomato after invasion by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica, or in barley and wheat after invasion by the cereal cyst nematode heterodera avenae. infection of susceptible tomato plants by m. javanica did not cause any change in the soluble-protein composition of leaves or roots compared with uninoculated plants at an early infection stage. no pathogenesis-related proteins (chitinase, glucanase, or p-14) were induced in the ... | 1997 | 19274187 |
| [molecular cytogenetics, fertility, and scab resistance of the intergeneric hybrid f1 and bc1 between triticum aestivum and roegneria kamoji]. | the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids between common wheat and roegneria kamoji were successfully obtained by means of embryo culture. morphology, chromosome pairing behavior at meiosis, fertility, and resistance to scab of the hybrid f1 and bc1 were studied. the results showed that the morphology of the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids f1 between r. kamoji and t. aestivum cv. chinese spring were intermediate type between the two parental species. the chromosome configuration at metaphase i (mi) of ... | 2009 | 19273443 |
| efficacy of cotton root destruction and winter cover crops for suppression of hoplolaimus columbus. | the efficacy of rye (secale cereale) and wheat (triticum aestivum) winter cover crops and cotton stalk and root destruction (i.e., pulling them up) were evaluated in field tests during two growing seasons for hoplolaimus columbus management in cotton. the effect of removing debris from the field following root destruction also was evaluated. wheat and rye produced similar amounts of biomass, and both crops produced more biomass (p </= 0.05) following cotton root destruction. cover crops did not ... | 2000 | 19271009 |
| damage and reproduction potentials of heterodera avenae on wheat under outdoor conditions. | two pot experiments, in consecutive years, were conducted under outdoor conditions during the wheat growing season to examine the relationship between increasing initial population densities (pi: 0-3,000 cysts/pot) of heterodera avenae and corresponding responses of wheat cv. yecora rojo. results of both experiments were very similar. the nematode suppressed plant height, root and biomass dry weights, and grain yield at all pi's studied. the suppression of these parameters, as well as the final ... | 1999 | 19270933 |
| survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematodes in the united states for 1994. | previous reports of crop losses to plant-parasitic nematodes have relied on published results of survey data based on certain commodities, including tobacco, peanuts, cotton, and soybean. reports on crop-loss assessment by land-grant universities and many commodity groups generally are no longer available, with the exception of the university of georgia, the beltwide cotton conference, and selected groups concerned with soybean. the society of nematologists extension committee contacted extensio ... | 1999 | 19270925 |
| cloning and characterization of cdnas encoding ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases in wheat: insight into the evolution of rice phytoalexin biosynthetic genes. | in vitro assays using recombinant enzymes enabled three cdnas encoding ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases to be identified in wheat (triticum aestivum): tacps1, tacps2, and tacps3. the phylogenetic tree and expression analyses suggest that tacps3 is responsible for gibberellin biosynthesis, while tacps1 and tacps2 are possible functional homologs of diterpene cyclase genes oscps2 and oscps4 involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis in rice. | 2009 | 19270400 |
| identification of dreb homologous genes in bread wheat via codehop pcr primer design. | in this study, we exploit the useful described codehop primer design and rt-pcr strategy for targeted isolation of homologues in large gene families. the method was tested with two different objectives. the first was to apply codehop strategy for design degenerate oligonucleotide primers in a broad range of plant species. the second was to isolate an orthologus of the transcription factor of dehydration-responsive element binding protein (dreb) and to determine the complexity of gene family in b ... | 2008 | 19266903 |
| nematicides increase grain yields in spring wheat cultivars and suppress plant-parasitic and bacterial-feeding nematodes. | grain yields of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cvs. ac barrie, ac walton, ac wilmot, belvedere, glenlea) in field plots over a 3-year period were increased (p < 0.001) by an average of 0.56 (25.1%) and 1.17 (52.5%) tonnes/ha in comparison to untreated check plots when aldicarb at 2.24 kg or fosthiazate at 13.5 a.i./ha, respectively, were broadcast and incorporated into the soil to suppress nematodes. the planned f test using orthogonal coefficients indicated that the mean response of grain y ... | 2005 | 19262893 |
| plant-parasitic nematodes associated with reduced wheat yield in oregon: heterodera avenae. | heterodera avenae is widely distributed in the western united states, where most wheat is grown in non-irrigated winter wheat/summer fallow rotations in low rainfall regions. economic and social pressures have motivated growers to pursue a transition from winter wheat/summer fallow rotation to no-till annual spring cereals. annual cereals are also planted in some irrigated fields. the impact of h. avenae on spring wheat yield in the pacific northwest had been observed but not quantified. spring ... | 2005 | 19262877 |
| pratylenchus thornei associated with reduced wheat yield in oregon. | pratylenchus thornei reaches high population densities in non-irrigated annual cropping systems in low-rainfall regions of the pacific northwest. two spring wheat varieties with different levels of tolerance and susceptibility to p. thornei were treated or not treated with aldicarb in three experiments. grain yield was inversely correlated (p < 0.05) with pre-plant populations of p. thornei in soil and with p. thornei density in mature roots. as population of p. thornei increased, yield of the m ... | 2005 | 19262842 |
| effect of winter cover crops on nematode population levels in north florida. | two experiments were conducted in north-central florida to examine the effects of various winter cover crops on plant-parasitic nematode populations through time. in the first experiment, six winter cover crops were rotated with summer corn (zea mays), arranged in a randomized complete block design. the cover crops evaluated were wheat (triticum aestivum), rye (secale cereale), oat (avena sativa), lupine (lupinus angustifolius), hairy vetch (vicia villosa), and crimson clover (trifolium incarnat ... | 2004 | 19262833 |
| sewage sludge applied to agricultural soil: ecotoxicological effects on representative soil organisms. | application of sewage sludge to agricultural lands is a current practice in eu. european legislation permits its use when concentrations of metals in soil do not increase above the maximum permissible limits. in order to assess the fate and the effects on representative soil organisms of sewage sludge amendments on agricultural lands, a soil microcosm (multi-species soil system-ms3) experiment was performed. the ms3 columns were filled with spiked soil at three different doses: 30, 60 and 120tha ... | 2009 | 19261330 |
| phytoremediation of oil-sludge-contaminated soil. | the aim of this research was to select plant species that could be effective in the phytoremediation ofa former oil-sludge pit. seven crop plants (triticum aestivum l., secale cereale l., avena sativa l., hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor l moench, panicum miliaceum l, and zea mays l.),five wild grasses (lolium perenne l., bromopsis inermis, agropyron cristatum l., agropyrum tenerum l., and festuca pratensis huds.), and three legumes (medicago sativa l., trifolium pratense l., and onobrychis anta ... | 2008 | 19260228 |
| altered expression of wheat aintegumenta homolog, want-1, in pistil and pistil-like transformed stamen of an alloplasmic line with aegilops crassa cytoplasm. | homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures, called pistillody, has been reported in some alloplasmic common wheat lines with aegilops crassa cytoplasm. an alloplasmic line of chinese spring ditelosomic 7bs (csdt7bs) with ae. crassa cytoplasm lacking the long arm of the chromosome 7b shows pistillody, and the pistils and transformed stamens are sterile due to abnormal ovule development. to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the ovule abnormality, we compared the expression p ... | 2009 | 19255779 |
| comparative effectiveness of pseudomonas and serratia sp. containing acc-deaminase for improving growth and yield of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under salt-stressed conditions. | ethylene synthesis is accelerated in response to various environmental stresses like salinity. ten rhizobacterial strains isolated from wheat rhizosphere taken from different salt affected areas were screened for growth promotion of wheat under axenic conditions at 1, 5, 10 and 15 ds m(-1). three strains, i.e., pseudomonas putida (n21), pseudomonas aeruginosa (n39) and serratia proteamaculans (m35) showing promising performance under axenic conditions were selected for a pot trial at 1.63 (origi ... | 2009 | 19255743 |
| search for diagnostic proteins to prove authenticity of organic wheat grains (triticum aestivum l.). | research comparing the biochemical composition of wheat grains from organic or conventional agriculture has used the targeted analytical approach. to obtain a more comprehensive record of the food's composition, we employed protein profiling techniques. levels of 1049 proteins were recorded in wheat grains (triticum aestivum l., cv. titlis) of two growing seasons from a rigorously controlled field trial in switzerland, containing organic and conventional plots. levels of 25 proteins were differe ... | 2009 | 19253955 |
| limited genetic variation within and between russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes in the united states. | insect biotypes are populations able to kill or injure crops with resistance genes and complicate pest management programs based on host plant resistance. biotypes occur in russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), a worldwide pest of wheat, triticum aestivum l., and barley, hordeum vulgare l., that was introduced into mexico in 1980 and then spread into texas by 1986. five d. noxia biotypes were described in the united states and given the number designations 1 th ... | 2009 | 19253666 |
| impact of diuraphis noxia and rhopalosiphum padi (hemiptera: aphididae) on primary physiology of four near-isogenic wheat lines. | the impact of feeding injury by the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (hemiptera: aphididae), and bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (l.) (hemiptera: aphididae) on susceptible and resistant wheat, triticum aestivum l., near-isogenic lines 'tugela' (susceptible), tugela-dn1 (antibiotic), tugela-dn2 (tolerant), and tugela-dn5 (antixenotic) was evaluated by assessing photosynthetic parameters. photosynthesis and closely related parameters, pigment composition, and nonstructura ... | 2009 | 19253663 |
| effects of canola-wheat intercrops on delia spp. (diptera: anthomyiidae) oviposition, larval feeding damage, and adult abundance. | reductions in oviposition and subsequent damage by root maggots (diptera: anthomyiidae, delia spp.) to brassicaceous crops in the presence of nonhost plants has been demonstrated, but such investigations have not been conducted using intercrops of species commonly grown in the large-scale agricultural production systems of western canada. a field experiment was conducted at three sites in alberta, canada, in 2005 and 2006 to determine interactions between root maggots and the various proportions ... | 2009 | 19253640 |
| a quantitative portrait of three xylanase inhibiting protein families in different wheat cultivars using 2d-dige and multivariate statistical tools. | wheat grains contain three classes of xylanase inhibitors (xis), i.e. taxi (triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor), xip (xylanase inhibiting protein) and tlxi (thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor). these proteins are involved in plant defence and strongly affect cereal-based processes in which inhibitor-sensitive xylanases are used. this paper reports on the successful use of 2d-dige and tandem ms to discriminate xi (iso)forms and measures their qualitative and quantitative variation in six differe ... | 2009 | 19245861 |
| [use of snp markers developed for allopolyploid wheat]. | in this work, we analyzed 54 domestic cultivars of hexaploid (common) wheat triticum aestivum l. (aabbdd genome) and accessions of tetraploid wheats of the timopheevi group (aagg) and rye secale cereale (rr) using 21 snp markers for common wheat. it was demonstrated that application of the snp markers developed and verified for particular common wheat cultivars in allele-specific pcr analysis of other cultivars with different geographic origins could lead to an incorrect estimation of the simila ... | 2009 | 19239102 |
| bioaccumulation assessment via an adapted multi-species soil system (ms.3) and its application using cadmium. | this paper presents an experimental design for quantifying the transfer of chemicals at low trophic levels of terrestrial ecosystems. the soil microcosms, ms.3(foodchain) (food chain multi-specie soil system) covered the transfer from soil to earthworms (eisenia fetida) and from soil to plant (triticum aestivum), then to phytophagus (rhopalosiphum padi) and finally predator (chrysoperla carnea) species. cadmium was used as model pollutant. cadmium accumulation in foliar invertebrates was related ... | 2009 | 19237196 |
| genetic loci in the photoperiod pathway interactively modulate reproductive development of winter wheat. | responses to photoperiod and low temperature are the two primary adaptive mechanisms which enable wheat plants to synchronize developmental processes with changes in seasonal climate. in this study, the developmental process was characterized at two stages: stem length during the onset of stem elongation and heading date. these two developmental events were monitored and mapped in recombinant inbred lines (rils) of a population generated from a cross between two complementary and locally adapted ... | 2009 | 19234853 |
| detection of intergenomic chromosome rearrangements in irradiated triticum aestivum--aegilops biuncialis amphiploids by multicolour genomic in situ hybridization. | the frequency and pattern of irradiation-induced intergenomic chromosome rearrangements were analysed in the mutagenized (m0) and the first selfed (m1) generations of triticum aestivum l. - aegilops biuncialis vis. amphiploids (2n = 70, aabbddububmbmb) by multicolour genomic in situ hybridization (mcgish). mcgish allowed the simultaneous discrimination of individual ae. biuncialis genomes and wheat chromosomes. dicentric chromosomes, fragments, and terminal translocations were most frequently in ... | 2009 | 19234564 |
| regulation of glutamine synthetase 1 and amino acids transport in the phloem of young wheat plants. | the possible regulation of amino acid remobilization via the phloem in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by the primary enzyme in nitrogen (n) assimilation and re-assimilation, glutamine synthetase (gs, e.c. 6.3.1.2) was studied using two conditions known to alter n phloem transport, n deficiency and cytokinins. the plants were grown for 15 days in controlled conditions with optimum n supply and then n was depleted from and/or 6-benzylaminopurine was added to the nutrient solution. both treatments ge ... | 2009 | 19230696 |
| a kinase-start gene confers temperature-dependent resistance to wheat stripe rust. | stripe rust is a devastating fungal disease that afflicts wheat in many regions of the world. new races of puccinia striiformis, the pathogen responsible for this disease, have overcome most of the known race-specific resistance genes. we report the map-based cloning of the gene yr36 (wks1), which confers resistance to a broad spectrum of stripe rust races at relatively high temperatures (25 degrees to 35 degrees c). this gene includes a kinase and a putative start lipid-binding domain. five ind ... | 2009 | 19228999 |
| oat (avena sativa) seed extract as an antifungal food preservative through the catalytic activity of a highly abundant class i chitinase. | extracts from different higher plants were screened for the ability to inhibit the growth of penicillium roqueforti, a major contaminating species in industrial food processing. oat (avena sativa) seed extracts exhibited a high degree of antifungal activity and could be used directly on rye bread to prevent the formation of p. roqueforti colonies. proteins in the oat seed extracts were fractionated by column chromatography and proteins in fractions containing antifungal activity were identified ... | 2010 | 19224400 |
| intein-mediated protein assembly in transgenic wheat: production of active barnase and acetolactate synthase from split genes. | engineering traits by the assembly of non-functional gene products is a promising tool for modern plant biotechnology. in this article, we describe the establishment of male sterility and herbicide resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) by complementing inactive precursor protein fragments through a split intein system. n- and c-terminal fragments of a barnase gene from bacillus amyloliquifaciens were fused to intein sequences from the synechocystis sp. gene dnab and delivered into the wheat ge ... | 2009 | 19222807 |
| auxin production by plant associated bacteria: impact on endogenous iaa content and growth of triticum aestivum l. | the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of bacterial strains of bacillus, pseudomonas, escherichia, micrococcus and staphylococcus genera associated with wild herbaceous flora to enhance endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) content and growth of triticum aestivum var. inqalab-91. | 2009 | 19220737 |
| chemical, biochemical, and biological impact of untreated domestic sewage water use on vertisol and its consequences on wheat (triticum aestivum) productivity. | in the peri-urban areas of central india, sewage water is a valuable resource for agricultural production. in this study, impact of domestic sewage water irrigation for 5 years on vertisol with no previous history of sewage irrigation was investigated in an ongoing field experiment at bhopal (india) under subtropical monsoon type climate. the wheat (triticum aestivum) crop was grown during post-rainy winter season with 30 cm of irrigation (groundwater or sewage water) and four nutrient treatment ... | 2010 | 19219646 |
| effects of selenium on wheat seedlings under drought stress. | the paper reports the effects of selenium (se) supply on growth and some physiological traits of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv shijiazhuang no. 8) seedlings exposed to drought stress. the growth and physiological responses of seedlings were different depending on the se concentration. the higher (3.0 mg se kg(-1)) and lower amount used (0.5 mg se kg(-1)) did not significantly affect on biomass accumulation. treatments with 1.0 and 2.0 mg se kg(-1) promoted biomass accumulation of wheat seedling ... | 2009 | 19214397 |
| inheritance and mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene pm43 introgressed from thinopyrum intermedium into wheat. | powdery mildew resistance from thinopyrum intermedium was introgressed into common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). genetic analysis of the f(1), f(2), f(3) and bc(1) populations from powdery mildew resistant line ch5025 revealed that resistance was controlled by a single dominant allele. the gene responsible for powdery mildew resistance was mapped by the linkage analysis of a segregating f(2) population. the resistance gene was linked to five co-dominant genomic ssr markers (xcfd233, xwmc41, xbar ... | 2009 | 19214392 |
| exploring abiotic stress on asynchronous protein metabolism in single kernels of wheat studied by nmr spectroscopy and chemometrics. | extreme climate events are being recognized as important factors in the effects on crop growth and yield. increased climatic variability leads to more frequent extreme conditions which may result in crops being exposed to more than one extreme event within a growing season. the aim of this study was to examine the implications of different drought treatments on the protein fractions in grains of winter wheat using (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy followed by chemometric analysis. tri ... | 2009 | 19213725 |
| biochemical characterization of a putative wheat caffeic acid o-methyltransferase. | a wheat (triticum aestivum l., near isogenic line of hamlet) o-methyltransferase (omt) was previously reported as a putative caffeic acid omt (tacomt1), involved in lignin biosynthesis, based on its high sequence similarity with a number of graminaceous comts. the fact that the putative tacomt1 exhibits a significantly high sequence homology to another recently characterized wheat flavone-specific omt (taomt2), and that molecular modeling studies indicated several conserved amino acid residues i ... | 2009 | 19211254 |
| analysis of betaine and choline contents of aleurone, bran, and flour fractions of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. | in conventional milling, the aleurone layer is combined with the bran fraction. studies indicate that the bran fraction of wheat contains the majority of the phytonutrients betaine and choline, with relatively minor concentrations in the refined flour. this present study suggests that the wheat aleurone layer ( triticum aestivum l. cv. tiger) contains the greatest concentration of both betaine and choline (1553.44 and 209.80 mg/100 g of sample, respectively). the bran fraction contained 866.94 a ... | 2009 | 19199513 |
| generation of high frequency of novel alleles of the high molecular weight glutenin in somatic hybridization between bread wheat and tall wheatgrass. | somatic hybridization between bread wheat and tall wheatgrass (agropyron elongatum) has generated fertile introgression progenies with novel combinations of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs). most of these novel hmw-gs alleles were stably inherited. sixteen hmw-gs sequences were pcr amplified from three introgression progeny lines and sequenced. the alignment of these sequences indicated that five, probably derived from point mutations of the parental genes, whereas eight likely r ... | 2009 | 19199095 |
| characterization and comparative analysis of hmw glutenin 1ay alleles with differential expressions. | high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) have been considered as most important seed storage proteins for wheat flour quality. 1ay subunits are of great interest because they are always silent in common wheat. the presence of expressed 1ay subunits in diploid and tetraploid wheat genotypes makes it possible to investigate molecular information of active 1ay genes. | 2009 | 19196487 |
| characterization and chromosomal location of pm40 in common wheat: a new gene for resistance to powdery mildew derived from elytrigia intermedium. | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a very destructive wheat (triticum aestivum) disease. resistance was transferred from elytrigia intermedium to common wheat by crossing and backcrossing, and line gry19, that was subsequently selected, possessed a single dominant gene for seedling resistance. five polymorphic microsatellite markers, xgwm297, xwmc335, xwmc364, xwmc426 and xwmc476, on chromosome arm 7bs, were mapped relative to the powdery mildew resistance locus in an ... | 2009 | 19194691 |
| genetic regulation of meiotic cross-overs between related genomes in brassica napus haploids and hybrids. | although the genetic regulation of recombination in allopolyploid species plays a pivotal role in evolution and plant breeding, it has received little recent attention, except in wheat (triticum aestivum). prbn is the main locus that determines the number of nonhomologous associations during meiosis of microspore cultured brassica napus haploids (ac; 19 chromosomes). in this study, we examined the role played by prbn in recombination. we generated two haploid x euploid populations using two b. n ... | 2009 | 19190241 |
| genetic diversity and variation among botanical varieties of old portuguese wheat cultivars revealed by issr assays. | inter-simple sequence repeats (issrs) were used for genetic diversity analyses of an old portuguese wheat collection. eighteen primers produced 96.3 and 98.5% of issr polymorphism in bread and durum wheat cultivars, respectively. the unweighted pair group method with arithmetical averages (upgma) phenogram clearly split all cultivars based on their species/ploidy, reflecting a defined genetic structure. issrs revealed high genetic diversity at interspecific, intraspecific, and intercultivar leve ... | 2009 | 19184405 |
| tracking costs of virulence in natural populations of the wheat pathogen, puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici. | costs of adaptation play an important role in host-parasite coevolution. for parasites, evolving the ability to circumvent host resistance may trade off with subsequent growth or transmission. such costs of virulence (sensu plant pathology) limit the spread of all-infectious genotypes and thus facilitate the maintenance of genetic polymorphism in both host and parasite. we investigated costs of three virulence factors in puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici, a fungal pathogen of wheat (triticum aes ... | 2009 | 19183485 |
| using combined measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence to estimate parameters of a biochemical c photosynthesis model: a critical appraisal and a new integrated approach applied to leaves in a wheat (triticum aestivum) canopy. | we appraised the literature and described an approach to estimate the parameters of the farquhar, von caemmerer and berry model using measured co(2) assimilation rate (a) and photosystem ii (psii) electron transport efficiency (phi(2)). the approach uses curve fitting to data of a and phi(2) at various levels of incident irradiance (i(inc)), intercellular co(2) (c(i)) and o(2). estimated parameters include day respiration (r(d)), conversion efficiency of i(inc) into linear electron transport of ... | 2009 | 19183300 |
| wound-induced apoplastic peroxidase activities: their roles in the production and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. | production of reactive oxygen species (ros) is a widely reported response of plants to wounding. however, the nature of enzymes responsible for ros production and metabolism in the apoplast is still an open question. we identified and characterized the proteins responsible for the wound-induced production and detoxification of ros in the apoplast of wheat roots (triticum aestivum l.). compared to intact roots, excised roots and leachates derived from them produced twice the amount of superoxide ... | 2009 | 19183290 |
| [genetic analysis and location of loci controlling leaf rust resistance of introgressive triticum aestivum x triticum timopheevii]. | introgressive lines resulting from crossing common wheat triticum aestivum with the tetraploid t. timopheevii are characterized by effective resistance to leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina eriks. molecular analysis using 350 specific short sequence repeat (ssr) markers was used to locate the t. timopheevii genome to chromosomes 1a, 2a, 2b, 5a, 5b, and 6b. a population of f2 offspring of crossing hybrid line 842-2 with common wheat cultivar skala was obtained for mapping the loci controlling ... | 2008 | 19178084 |
| a genetic network of flowering-time genes in wheat leaves, in which an apetala1/fruitfull-like gene, vrn1, is upstream of flowering locus t. | to elucidate the genetic mechanism of flowering in wheat, we performed expression, mutant and transgenic studies of flowering-time genes. a diurnal expression analysis revealed that a flowering activator vrn1, an apetala1/fruitfull homolog in wheat, was expressed in a rhythmic manner in leaves under both long-day (ld) and short-day (sd) conditions. under ld conditions, the upregulation of vrn1 during the light period was followed by the accumulation of flowering locus t (ft) transcripts. further ... | 2009 | 19175767 |
| tetraploid and hexaploid wheat varieties reveal large differences in expression of alpha-gliadins from homoeologous gli-2 loci. | alpha-gliadins form a multigene protein family encoded by multiple alpha-gliadin (gli-2) genes at three genomic loci, gli-a2, gli-b2 and gli-d2, respectively located on the homoeologous wheat chromosomes 6as, 6bs, and 6ds. these proteins contain a number of important celiac disease (cd)-immunogenic domains. the alpha-gliadins expressed from the gli-b2 locus harbour fewer conserved cd-epitopes than those from gli-a2, whereas the gli-d2 gliadins have the highest cd-immunogenic potential. in order ... | 2009 | 19171027 |
| proteins from multiple metabolic pathways associate with starch biosynthetic enzymes in high molecular weight complexes: a model for regulation of carbon allocation in maize amyloplasts. | starch biosynthetic enzymes from maize (zea mays) and wheat (triticum aestivum) amyloplasts exist in cell extracts in high molecular weight complexes; however, the nature of those assemblies remains to be defined. this study tested the interdependence of the maize enzymes starch synthase iia (ssiia), ssiii, starch branching enzyme iib (sbeiib), and sbeiia for assembly into multisubunit complexes. mutations that eliminated any one of those proteins also prevented the others from assembling into a ... | 2009 | 19168640 |
| fate of 4-nonylphenol in a biosolids amended soil. | the fate of the endocrine disrupting compound 4-nonylphenol (np) in an agricultural soil amended with biosolids was assessed in a greenhouse study. a biosolids with a total np concentration of 900 mg kg(-1) was incorporated into the 4 cm surface layer of soil columns at an agronomic rate equivalent to 1.7 kg m(2). half of the columns were planted with triticum aestivum l., red hardy winter wheat seeds, whereas the remaining columns were unplanted to evaluate the influence of plant growth on the ... | 2009 | 19167020 |
| molecular characterization of two silenced y-type genes for glu-b1 in triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanese and ssp. tibetanum. | the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) are a major class of common wheat storage proteins. the bread-making quality of common wheat flour is influenced by the composition of hmw-gss. in the present study, two unexpressed 1by genes from triticum aesitvum l.ssp.yunnanese as332 and t. aesitvum ssp.tibetanum as908 were respectively cloned and characterized. the results indicated that both of the silenced 1by genes in as332 and as908 were 1by9. in contrast to previously reported mechan ... | 2009 | 19166499 |
| a sulphur deficiency-induced gene, sdi1, involved in the utilization of stored sulphate pools under sulphur-limiting conditions has potential as a diagnostic indicator of sulphur nutritional status. | a sulphate deficiency-induced gene, sdi1, has been identified by cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis utilizing field-grown, nutrient-deficient wheat (triticum aestivum var. hereward). the expression of sdi1 was specifically induced in leaf and root tissues in response to sulphate deficiency, but was not induced by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or magnesium deficiency. expression was also shown to increase in plant tissues as the external sulphate concentration in hydrop ... | 2009 | 19154231 |
| land application of sugar beet by-products: effects on runoff and percolating water quality. | water quality concerns, including greater potential for nutrient transport to surface waters resulting in eutrophication and nutrient leaching to ground water, exist when agricultural or food processing industry wastes and by-products are land applied. plot- and field-scale studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of sugar beet by-products on no3-n and p losses and biochemical oxygen demand (bod) in runoff and no3-n concentrations in percolating waters. in the runoff plot study, treatments ... | 2013 | 19141823 |