Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| live, attenuated influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) virus vaccine: a field trial. | two doses of a live, attentuated influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) vaccine virus (inhibitor-insensitive alice strain) were administered intranasally to 130 university students, and placebo was given to 134 students. fourfold or greater rises in titer of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody occurred in 68% of all vaccine recipients and in 88% of those with initial titers of less than 1:8; the geometric mean titer of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody increased from 1:15 to 1:77. a 3.2-fold rise ... | 1976 | 778302 |
| influenza a(h1n1) viruses of the 1977/78 outbreak: isolation and haemagglutination properties. | during the h1n1 outbreak of 1977/8, the virus was isolated in embryonated eggs from 59 out of 76 patients (78%) with the serologically confirmed infection. a similar isolation frequency has been achieved during a period of six h3n2 outbreaks since 1972/3. the h1n1 strains were isolated less frequently from late specimens (collected 4--6 days from the onset of illness) and more often only in the second passage compared with the h3n2 viruses. the new h1n1 strains resembled those prevalent in the 1 ... | 1979 | 762407 |
| purification of influenza a virus and preliminary characterization of virus proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). | influenza a/zssr/053/74 (h3n2) from egg ellantoic fluid was partially purified by absorption and elution on chick erythrocytes and chromatography on sepharose 2b. concentrated and partially purified preparation of virus containing 5000 hav and 80 micrograms of protein per ml was subjected to page in 0.1% sds. eleven protein bands were selected of which three were identified as na, np and ha. | 1978 | 749805 |
| [electron-microscopic study of the relationship between influenza a virus (h3n2) and human peripheral blood leukocytes]. | the electron microscopic examinations of formed elements of human peripheral blood infected with a freshly isolated a/sev/76 virus strain and vaccine a/victoria/36/72 virus demonstrated that virions of both strains adsorbed on neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, thrombocytes and penetrated into the cells by phagocytosis and viropexis; most virus was concentrated in neutrophils and thrombocytes. | 1978 | 749339 |
| agents affecting health of mother and child in a rural area of kenya. x. haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against influenza a (h3n2) and influenza b virus in sera from children living in the machakos district of kenya. | in the framework of the machakos project bloodcollections from random samples of children under 5 years of age and living in a rural area of kenya were done with regular intervals, serum samples of two collections were tested for haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against influenza a and b viruses. the children had been exposed to the hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) virus or its variants during one, two or three episodes of circulation and probably to only one epidosde of b/hong kong/8/73 virus. the ... | 1978 | 749289 |
| antibody responses to influenza vaccination in patients with chronic renal failure. | a bivalent type a inactivated influenza virus vaccine containing both sets of h3n2 and hsw1n1 antigens was given to patients with chronic renal failure and to control subjects. the patients were divided into an azotemic group in whom dialysis was not yet required and a hemodialyzed group. hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody responses were measured at time intervals of 1,3, and 4 weeks after vaccination. we found that the mean postvaccination hi titers against both sets of antigens in the p ... | 1978 | 748672 |
| [epidemiological surveillance of influenza in western sicily in 1976-1977]. | two strains of influenza virus a/h3n2 antigenically similar to a/victoria/3/75 have been isolated in palermo in february 1977; a peak of extramortality has been observed in the same month, and a rise of hai antibodies for a/h3n2 viruses in human serum samples, taken from apparently healthy subjects living palermo, has been demonstrated between october 1976 and february 1977. similar rise of antibody titers has also taken place in serum samples from two communities in western sicily (favara, 30,0 ... | 1978 | 737044 |
| formation of antibody to matrix protein in experimental human influenza a virus infections. | antibodies to type a influenza virus matrix protein (m) were assayed by single radial diffusion in 180 paired sera of volunteers challenged intranasally with live h3n2 viruses of varying degrees of virulence. of these volunteers 20 had had severe clinical reactions (influenza-like); there had been 19 moderate reactions (lesser degrees of constitutional illness), and the remaining 141 reactions had been graded mild, very mild, or nil. only 2 volunteers were shown to have antibodies to m in the pr ... | 1978 | 730356 |
| a contribution of cellular immunity to protection against influenza in man. | the degree of lymphocyte transformations and leukocyte migration inhibition (lmi) in the presence of inactivated a/scotland/74 (h3n2) influenza virus vaccine was measured in blood samples collected from 56 medical student volunteers. at the same time the volunteers were skin tested, using the same vaccine. using the antigenically similar wrl 105 (h3n2), recombinant influenza virus, the level of haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies in serum, and neutralizing antibodies in nasal washings c ... | 1978 | 723791 |
| cross-protection in mice after immunization with h2n2, h3n2, and heq2neq2 influenza virus strains. | mice were vaccinated with the influenza viruses a/japan/57 (h2n2), a/hong kong/68 (h3n2), and a/equi/miami/63 (heq2neq2) and the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase recombinants derived from these viruses. after infection with the parent viruses, protection was compared with serological findings. it was found that influenza vaccine protects not only against infection with a strain identical or closely related to the vaccine strain, but against heterologous strains as well. vaccination with hong kong ... | 1978 | 711325 |
| morphological and cytochemical characterization of cells infiltrating mouse lungs after influenza infection. | to initiate evaluation of the cell-mediated immunological response to influenza virus in a major site of disease, lung cells were obtained by transpleural lavage from lungs of uninfected mice and from those infected 3 or 6 days previously with 5 50% mouse infectious doses (mid(50)) of avirulent (p3) or virulent (p9) influenza a hong kong (h3n2) virus. the number of cells recovered by lavage was dependent on the dose, time after inoculation, and the type of virus used for inoculation. although la ... | 1978 | 711312 |
| sensitivity to pyrexial temperatures: a factor contributing to virulence differences between two clones of influenza virus. | the influence of pyrexia on the differential persistence of a virulent and an attenuated clone of influenza virus in the respiratory tract of ferrets has been further studied. clone 64d, an attenuated clone of a recombinant virus (a/pr/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2)) grown in organ cultures of ferret nasal turbinates, was inactivated at pyrexial temperatures more readily than a virulent clone 7a. in addition, replication of clone 64d was restricted at pyrexial temperatures to a greater extent than ... | 1978 | 708585 |
| [production of influenza virus recombinations]. | described in this paper is the preparation of influenza virus recombination partners, h3n2 and h3n1, by poly-infection of primary embryonic fowl cells with influenza virus a/greifswald/6/74 (h3n2) or with a/greifswald/1/76 (h3n2) and a/pr/8/34 (h0n1). purification was based on four consecutive plaque isolations. the productivity of all recombination partners isolated in the embryonated fowl egg was higher than that of parent strain, h3n2. a recombination partner of h0n2 was obtained from poly-in ... | 1978 | 697531 |
| effect of temperature on the order of electrophoretic migration of influenza virus neuraminidase and nucleoprotein genes in acrylamide gels lacking denaturing agents. | when subjected to electrophoresis at 33 degrees c in 3% polyacrylamide gels with no urea added, the nucleoprotein and neuraminidase genes of an h2n2 and h3n2 virus migrate as rna bands 5 and 6 respectively. if the temperature of electrophoresis is increased to 46 degrees c, however, this order of migration is reversed. | 1978 | 690606 |
| on the origin of the human influenza virus subtypes h2n2 and h3n2. | 1978 | 664248 | |
| crystallization and peptide maps of neuraminidase "heads" from h2n2 and h3n2 influenza virus strains. | 1978 | 664233 | |
| lymphocyte blastogenic responses to influenza virus antigens after influenza infection and vaccination in humans. | virus-specific in vitro cell-mediated immune responses were investigated in 20 normal volunteers who were challenged with liver influenza a/vic/3/75 (h3n2) virus and in 13 volunteers who were vaccinated with inactivated vaccine containing a/vic and a/nj/8/76 (hswn1) antigens. lymphocyte cultures were established from peripheral blood samples obtained prior to and at various times after infection or vaccination. blastogenesis was determined by [3h]thymidine incorporation after stimulation of cult ... | 1978 | 640733 |
| specific immunity to influenza virus in ferret organ cultures. | ferret tracheal organ cultures prepared from animals previously infected intranasally with influenza a virus required approximately 130 times more homologous virus (a/pr/8/34(hon1) or a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2)) to become infected in vitro than similar cultures from normal ferrets. also, these cultures from convalescent ferrets required 9 times more heterologous virus (a/pr/8/34(hon1) or sendai) to become infected in vitro than similar cultures from normal animals challenged in vitro with the h ... | 1978 | 638028 |
| [influenza a during the winter season 1977-78 caused by the "old" h3n2-virus and the "new" h1n1-virus]. | 1978 | 634389 | |
| immunity to challenge in volunteers vaccinated with an inactivated current or earlier strain of influenza a(h3n2). | volunteers were inoculated with vaccine made from the 30c mutant, a/port chalmers/73 or b/hong kong/8/73. preliminary experiments showed that the 30 c strain was antigenically quite close to a/hk/8/68. volunteers given 30c developed haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against the 'current' 1973 serotypes (as well as to the vaccine virus) but the titres were less than those after the a/pc/73 vaccine. volunteers were then challenged with a live attenuated virus, wrl 105, with a/finland/4/74 an ... | 1978 | 632564 |
| the effect of abo blood groups on the incidence of epidemic influenza and on the response to live attenuated and detergent split influenza virus vaccines. | the effect of blood group status on the incidence of epidemic influenza a (h3n2) infections and on serological response to influenza vaccination with killed subunit and live attenuated vaccines have been investigated during comparative vaccine trials in western australia. a significantly higher incidence of epidemic influenza was observed in subjects of blood group b compared with those of other blood groups, regardless of whether they had serological evidence of previous exposure to h3n2 antige ... | 1978 | 621379 |
| haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against influenza a and influenza b in maternal and neonatal sera. | haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibodies against the influenza viruses a/hong kong/8/68 (h3n2) and b/nederland/77/66 were determined in 420 paired sera from mothers and newborns (umbilical cord sera), sampled in 1970-1. a higher concentration of antibodies against influenza a virus was found more frequently in neonatal than in maternal sera. by contrast, low titres against influenza b virus were more frequently observed in neonatal than in maternal sera. maternal age, duration of pregnancy, ... | 1978 | 621378 |
| effect of priming infection on serologic response to whole and subunit influenza virus vaccines in animals. | results from studies in humans demonstrated that the serologic responses to a/new jersey (nj)/76 virus vaccines varied according to the age of the vaccine and appeared to be related to previous exposure of vaccinees to the different strains and influenza a virus. experiments in animals were therefore performed to investigate the role of previous infection on responses to a/nj/76 virus vaccines. mice were infected with influenza a viruses representative of the major strains (hsw1n1, h0n1, h2n2, h ... | 1977 | 606796 |
| age-related heterologous antibody responses to influenza virus vaccination. | heterologous hemagglutination-inhibiting (hai) antibody responses to influenza a/new jersey/76 (hsw1n1) virus vaccine were examined in individuals receiving doses of 200, 400, or 800 chick cell-agglutinating units of whole-virus or split-virus products during the 1976 national influenza vaccine test program. vaccination with influenza a/new jersey/76 virus produced a high rate of heterologous antibody response to influenza a/pr/8/34 (h0n1) and a/fm/1/47 (h1n1) viruses in persons whose original a ... | 1977 | 606792 |
| antibody response of young adults to experimental influenza a/new jersey/76 virus vaccines. | in military personnel aged 17-25 years, only one of four experimental influenza a/new jersey/76 virus vaccines produced a satisfactory hemagglutination-inhibiting (hai) antibody response when a dose of 200 chick cell-agglutinating (cca) units was used. a second injection of 400 cca units of vaccine caused seroconversion in all persons. although an early comparison of experimental split-product and whole-virus vaccines suggested that the former were relatively ineffective, a later comparison with ... | 1977 | 606766 |
| neuraminidase content of influenza vaccines and neuraminidase antibody responses after vaccination of immunologically primed and unprimed populations. | vaccines prepared with influenza a/swine/1976/37-like virus contained neuraminidase activity comparable to that of h3n2 vaccines, whereas little neuraminidase activity could be detected in influenza a/new jersey/76 vaccines. in single-dose vaccine studies, a/swine/1976/37-like split-virus vaccine induced antibody to neuraminidase (naab) in about 20% of children younger than 18 years and this naab response was better than or equal to the antibody response to the vaccine's hemagglutinin (haab). in ... | 1977 | 606765 |
| swine influenza a at fort dix, new jersey (january-february 1976). i. case finding and clinical study of cases. | after the isolation of a/new jersey/76 (hsw1n1) influenza virus from five soldiers at fort dix, new jersey, case finding was initiated by obtaining specimens for viral isolation from 95 patients with acute respiratory disease and determining antibody to influenza a/mayo clinic/103/74 (hsw1n1) antigen in paired sera from 74 soldiers who had been hospitalized with acute respiratory disease. influenza a/new jersey virus was not isolated, but serologic studies identified eight additional soldiers as ... | 1977 | 606759 |
| influenza a virus and its influence on the outcome of pregnancy in the mouse. | the effect of sub-lethal doses of influenza a strains wsn (h0n1), mel (h0n1) and mrc-7 (h3n2) administered intranasally during pregnancy was studied in c3h inbred and prince henry outbred mice. maternal and neonatal mortality rates were significantly increased by infections in the last third of the gestational period. infection with influenza strain wsn in the last part of the first third of the gestational period significantly depressed the growth rate of neonates. no evidence of viraemia, tran ... | 1977 | 604135 |
| influenza viruses from avian and porcine sources and their possible role in the origin of human pandemic strains. | studies on influenza viruses from feral ducks trapped in canada in august 1976, gave a 26% isolation rate from cloacal samples of juvenile birds. several different influenza a viruses were isolated, some of which possessed novel hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase antigens. influenza a viruses isolated from the rectum of feral ducks replicate in the upper respiratory tract and also in the intestinal tract of feral and domestic ducks. representative human influenza viruses of the h0n1, h3n2 and hs ... | 1977 | 604130 |
| properties of a/victoria/3/75 recombinants: development of an attenuated strain rit 4050. | an attenuated influenza a strain, rit 4050, has been selected among the inhibitor resistant variants of a range of h3n2 recombinants of a/pr/8/34 and a/victoria/3/75. the criterion used for the selection of the vaccine strain was the homology rate of the viral rna of the recombinant with the complementary rna of a/pr/8/34 as determined by an rna-rna hybridization technique. safety has been assessed by administering the vaccine by the nasal route to double seronegative volunteers. incidence and n ... | 1977 | 604127 |
| use of influenza vaccine in non-high risk populations. | the aim of most strategies for vaccination against influenza is the prevention of mortality. since individuals in the high risk group are mainly elderly, and the elderly have a low frequency of influenza infection, this strategy can have no significant controlling effect on morbidity. it has been shown in the longitudinal community study in tecumseh, michigan that highest frequency of infection with influenza is seen in the school-age population; this pattern is quite marked for type b influenza ... | 1977 | 604116 |
| strain-specificity of antibody to haemagglutinin following inactivated a/port chalmers/1/73 vaccine in man: evidence for a paradoxical strain-specific antibody response. | an analysis was carried out of the anti-haemagglutinin antibody responses in adult human recipients of inactivated whole virus a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) vaccine using single radial diffusion combined with antibody adsorption techniques to determine antibody specificity. antibody was characterised as cross-reactive (i.e. directed against antigenic determinants of haemagglutinin which are common for viruses within the h3 subtype) or strain-specific. strain-specific antibodies for the vaccine str ... | 1977 | 604109 |
| serological responses to whole and split a/new jersey vaccines in humans and mice following priming infection with influenza a viruses. | experiments were performed in mice to investigate the role of previous infection on responses to a/nj/76 vaccines. results from human studies have demonstrated that the serological responses to a/nj/76 vaccines varied according to the age of the vaccinee and appeared to be related to their previous exposure to the different strains of influenza a virus. mice were infected with influenza a viruses representative of the major strains (hsw1n1, hon1, h2n2, h3n2) and later inoculated with varying dos ... | 1977 | 604108 |
| persistence of influenza a/new jersey/76 (hsw1n1) antibody one year after vaccination. | serum hi and neuraminidase-inhibiting (ni) antibody measurements were made at 3, 32 and 50 weeks after inactivated influenza hsw1n1 vaccination of 438 adults in 1976. although the highest postvaccination geometric mean hi titers were observed in persons greater than or equal to 52 years of age, the rate of antibody decline was similar in adults of all ages. in 14 children who had a seroconversion following two doses of whole virus or split virus vaccine, the geometric mean hi antibody titer was ... | 1977 | 604107 |
| potentiation of the immune response to influenza virus subunit vaccines. | influenza subunit vaccines are poorly immunogenic in unprimed lower animals and man and a method was sought to potentiate the humoral response. intact heterologous influenza a virus vaccine (a/victoria/3/75 [h3n2]) potentiated the antibody response of hamsters to a/nj/76 [hsw1 n1] subunit vaccines but large doses of intact virus were required. studies in seronegative young human adults showed that much lower doses of homologous a/nj/76 [hsw1 n1] virus potentiated the antibody response to both th ... | 1977 | 604104 |
| antibody response to monovalent a/new jersey/8/76 influenza vaccine in pregnant women. | the decision to implement a mass immunization program with a/new jersey/8/76 (hsw1n1) influenza vaccine provided a unique opportunity to evaluate immunological responses during pregnancy. fifty-nine pregnant and 27 nonpregnant women participated in this study. influenza virus hemagglutination-inhhibition antibody titers were determined to a/new jersey/8/76 (hsw1n1), a/japan/305/57 (h2n2), and a/hong kong/8/68 (h3n2) before and after a single dose of monovalent (200 chick cell agglutination units ... | 1979 | 583151 |
| effects of individual inhalation of aerosolized amantadine hydrochloride in mice infected with influenza virus a/bethesda 10/63 (h2n2) and a/hong kong 1/68 (h3n2). | 1979 | 582762 | |
| homologous and heterologous antibody responses to subunit influenza virus vaccine. | in a group of 32 adult volunteers given subunit influenza virus vaccine containing 250 international units (i.u.) of a/victoria/3/75, 250 i.u. of a/scotland/840/74 and 300 i.u. of b/hong kong/8/73, there were substantial increases in the geometric mean homologous haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibody titres. there was also substantial boosting of the antibodies to the earlier variants of the hong kong (h3n2) series and to a later variant of the asian (h2n2) series. there was no boosting of ... | 1978 | 581591 |
| dna sequences in influenza virions. | during the propagation of a (h3n2) influenza virus in chick embryos, incorporation of 3h-thymidine into virions takes place, whereas no such incorporation occurs with newcastle disease virus. incorporation of 3h-thymidine is a result of dna synthesis. this virion-associated dna is present in cores obtained after treatment of virions with bromelain. | 1978 | 569183 |
| radioimmunoprecipitation assay for quantitation of serum antibody to the hemagglutinin of type a influenza virus. | a double-antibody radioimmunoprecipitation (rip) assay has been developed to provide a sensitive and specific measure of antibody to hemagglutinins of h3n2 influenza viruses. chloramine t was used to radiolabel purified hemagglutinins to high specific activity without loss of antigenicity. the purity of the labeled hemagglutinin was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which also established that both the ha(1) and ha(2) polypeptides were iodinated. radiolabele ... | 1978 | 564916 |
| description of a technique for the analysis of antineuraminidase antibodies oriented to h2n2 and h3n2 influenza virus strains. | a method for the analysis of mixtures of antineuraminidase (an) antibodies oriented to antigenically different neuraminidases of h2n2 and h3n2 influenza virus strains is described. the method is based on the finding that the different classes of an antibodies give different titer ratios when reacting with the recombinants a/bel/42 (h0)-a/sing/1/57 (n2) and a/equine/prague/1/56 (heg1)-a/hong kong/1/68 (n2) and a mixture of both recombinants. these titer ratios are determined under the experimenta ... | 1978 | 564681 |
| [serologic survey of human type a influenza virus infection following 10-year periods of prevalence of h3n2 strains]. | distribution of h.i.a. against a/new jersey/8/76 (hsw1n1), a/pr/8/34 (h0n1), a/fm/1/47 (h1n1), a/japan/305/57 (h2n2) influenza virus strains was determined in 553 serum samples, previously tested for a/hong kong/1/68 virus, collected in the late summer of 1977 in milan and bari. for all variants, distinctive antibody patterns were obtained which reflect periods of prevalence of these viruses in man. so, the peak of positivity and the higher h.i.a. levels were found for a/new jersey/8/76 strain i ... | 1979 | 552822 |
| the m protein of influenza viruses has no immunizing effect. | influenza a virus m protein was prepared by electrophoresis in sds polyacrylamide gel from virus particles which had been pretreated with octylglucoside to remove the surface glycoproteins; m antigens from the influenza virus strains a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2), a/fpv/rostock (hav1n1) and a/chick/germany/49 (hav2neq1) did not protect mice against a lethal challenge infection with the virulent victoria strain. | 1979 | 545115 |
| structure of bromelain-released influenza virus haemagglutinin as revealed by electrophoresis, sedimentation and electron microscopy. | sigma bromelain (ec 3.4.22.4) was used to isolate the haemagglutinin (ha) from the mrc-11 (h3n2) and a/u.s.s.r./90/77 (h1n1) influenza a virus strains. sedimentation analysis of bromelain-solubilized preparations revealed 9.5s and 5.5s protein components, the former being identified as the bromelain-released haemagglutinin (bha). no residual neuraminidase (na) activity was detected in the bha isolated from the mrc-11 strain whereas up to 80 per cent of the enzymatically active na was found to be ... | 1979 | 543801 |
| reinfection with influenza a (h3n2) virus in young children and their families. | the frequency and consequences of reinfection with influenza a virus were studied by longitudinal observation of families for a three-year period in which two epidemics of influenza a (h3n2) occurred. seven children followed from birth were reinfected 10-25 months after their first infection. two children were reinfected by the same h3n2 virus while the others were reinfected with a closely related variant. at least five of these reinfections were accompanied by respiratory illness. reinfection ... | 1979 | 541521 |
| natural history of influenza in swine in hawaii: prevalence of infection with a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) subtype virus and its variants, 1974-1977. | from september 1974 to january 1978, about 25% of 254 swine farms, studied on four of six hawaiian islands, had swine with antibody to a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) subtype of influenza virus. of 290 swine 2 to 5 years of age in a single herd, 72% had antibody. antibody titers were consistently higher to a/england/42/72 and a/port chalmers/1/73 antigens than to a/victoria/3/75 or a/hong kong/1/68 antigen. few swine had antibody to the a/hong kong/68 antigen. antibodies to h3n2 and hsw1n1 subtype of viru ... | 1979 | 525919 |
| [etiological study of the fatal cases in the period of the influenza a epidemic of 1977-1978]. | the etiology of the disease, the age structure of fatalities, the time of death were studied in 34 fatal cases in the period of influenza a (h1n1) epidemic in december 1977-february 1978 and in 33 fatal cases during influenza a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) epidemic in january-march, 1975 (data from some autopsy offices of kiev). the results of the investigation of the etiology by immunofluorescence and the histological methods were mostly similar. the polyetiological structure of the diseases in the inf ... | 1979 | 524859 |
| [influenza virus neuraminidase and its role in anti-influenzal immunity]. | the direct relationship between immunogenicity of h3n2 formolvaccine and neuraminidase activity was established. a single intranasal immunization of mice with the vaccine having a titer of hemagglutinin 1:20,000-1:40,000 in 0.5 ml with active neuraminidase increased the resistance of the animals to the challenge with mouse-adapted influenza a/ussr/053/74 (h3n2) virus almost 5-fold. a vaccine with the same hemagglutinin titer but with neuraminidase inactivated by physico-chemical factors or block ... | 1979 | 524858 |
| differentiation of the haemagglutinin genes of variant influenza viruses by rna-rna hybridization. | the genetic compositions of four antigenic variants of a/memphis/1/71 (h3n2) influenza virus, which were selected by growth in the presence of monoclonal antibodies against the haemagglutinin, were compared. the results indicate that the mutant haemagglutinin genes can be differentiated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the double stranded rna hybrids formed between virion rna and transcripts isolated from infected cells. | 1979 | 521805 |
| the localization of influenza virus in the respiratory tract of ferrets: susceptible nasal mucosa cells produce and release more virus than susceptible lung cells. | infectious virus production by ferret nasal mucosa and lung organ cultures has been monitored in both tissue pieces and medium over 24 h following inoculation with an asian (h2n2) strain of influenza virus. freshly prepared cultures of nasal mucosa produced approx. 10-fold more virus per cell than fresh lung cultures. also the nasal mucosa cells liberated into the medium a greater proportion (mean 31%) of the total virus produced than did fresh lung (mean 6%). maintenance of lung explants for 24 ... | 1979 | 521800 |
| comparative studies of wild-type and cold-mutant (temperature-sensitive) influenza viruses: independent segregation of temperature-sensitivity of virus replication from temperature-sensitivity of virion transcriptase activity during recombination of mutant a/ann arbor/6/60 with wild-type h3n2 strains. | rna 1 (see end of summary) of a cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive (ts) influenza virus mutant a/ann arbor/6/60 has a different mobility from rna 1 of wild-type (wt) a/ann arbor/6/60 when subjected to electrophoresis through acrylamide/agarose gels in the absence of denaturing agents. detection of this lesion in rna 1 of the mutant virus was dependent on the temperature of the gel during electrophoresis. because rna 1 is believed to code for a protein involved in virus-specific rna synthesis ... | 1979 | 521798 |
| probable association of plaque size with neuraminidase subtype among h3n2 influenza a viruses. brief report. | the present study demonstrates that the plaque size of certain influenza a h3n2 virus recombinants is dependent on their containing a specific neuraminidase glycoprotein, but is independent of the genes coding for the ha, p3, and np proteins. | 1979 | 518309 |
| laboratory-based surveillance of influenza virus in the united states during the winter of 1977--1978. ii. isolation of a mixture of a/victoria- and a/ussr-like viruses from a single person during an epidemic in wyoming, usa, january 1978. | at a time when outbreaks and sporadic cases of influenza caused a a/victoria/3/75-like and a/texas/1/77-like h3n2 strain of influenza were occurring in the rocky mountain region of the usa, about 60% of the students of a high school in cheyenne, wyoming, were involved in an outbreak of influenza-like illness. six influenza a(h1n1) virus isolates were obtained from throat swabs collected from 12 of these students. virus isolated from a seventh student, however, contained a mixture of h1 and h3 (a ... | 1979 | 507037 |
| laboratory-based surveillance of influenza virus in the united states during the winter of 1977-1978. i. periods of prevalence of h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a strains, their relative rates of isolation in different age groups, and detection of antigenic variants. | influenza a (h3n2) viruses were isolated from outbreaks and epidemics of disease during the period december 1977 to march 1978. for the last two months of this period, h1n1 strains of influenza a were also responsible for epidemics. in some regions (e.g., hawaii) co-circulation of h1n1 and h3n2 strains occurred, whereas in other regions (e.g., wisconsin) isolation of h3n2 strains had almost ceased prior to isolation of h1n1 strains. few influenza b isolates were reported. analysis of the ages of ... | 1979 | 507036 |
| [influenza virus a/anas acute/maritime territory/730/76(h3n2) isolated from wild ducks in the maritime territory]. | a strain a/anas acuta/primorie/730/76 was isolated in the autumn of 1976 from wild pintails in the primorskiy kray, ussr, and found by the h1 and neuraminidase activity inhibition test to be antigenically related to the reference a/hong kong/1/68 strain. the cft showed the a/anas acuta/primorie/730/76 strain to contain in its hemagglutinin 3 antigenic determinants: two common with the a/hong kong/1/68 strain and one the strain-specific, lacking in the human influenza viruses of the h3n2 antigeni ... | 1979 | 506200 |
| comparisons of virulence of influenza virus recombinants in ferrets in relation to their behaviour in man and their genetic constitution. | two parent viruses, a/finland/4/74(h3n2) and a/okuda/57(h2n2), virulent and attenuated respectively for man, showed similar differences of virulence in ferrets as judged by estimations of 50% minimal infectious doses (mid50), the level and persistence of nasal infection, the height and duration of pyrexia and the level of lung infection. in ferrets, two recombinant clones, wrl 94(h3n2) and wrl 105(h3n2), were almost as virulent as a/finland and indistinguishable from one another, a result which ... | 1979 | 501338 |
| serum antibody prevents lethal murine influenza pneumonitis but not tracheitis. | this paper reports studies showing the effects of serum antibody upon influenza infection at two different sites: the trachea and lung. tracheal desquamation, pulmonary consolidation, death, and virus shedding were examined after infection of mice with a lethal a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) influenza virus. immune serum administered intraperitoneally before infection prevented death and pulmonary consolidation and also significantly lowered lung virus shedding as compared with controls receiving n ... | 1979 | 500197 |
| [seroepidemiological considerations on the influenza a in umbria (1978) (author's transl)]. | the authors studied the seroepidemiology of influenza virus a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) and a/urss/90/77 (h1n1) in umbria, in 1978. the percentage of seroprotection against the subtype h3n2 results low and in such do not inhibit the diffusion of this subtype during the next winter season. the study of seroepidemiology of subtype h1n1 demonstrated that this subtype circulated in umbria in the winter 1977-78 and that the conditions exist for its circulation. | 1979 | 485586 |
| [protective action of remantadine during an influenza outbreak caused by virus a (h1n1) in december 1977]. | the protective effect of remantadin during an influenza outbreak in december 1977 caused by a (h1n1) virus was studied. a prophylactic administration of remantadin decreased influenza and ard incidence by 1.5-fold. a more significant decrease of the incidence (2.5-fold) was observed among the subjects given a combination of remantadin and influenza vaccine (h3n2) a few days before the outbreak, which was apparently due to the interferon-inducing capacity of the vaccine. | 1979 | 483772 |
| [sorbtion of influenza virus a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) on soviet-produced anionites]. | 1979 | 481270 | |
| investigation of recombinants of human influenza and fowl plague viruses. | recombinants of human influenza type a viruses, a/krasnodar/101/1959 (h2n2) or a/habarovsk/15/1976 (h3n2), and fowl plague virus (fpv), strain weybridge (hav1neq1) were obtained. the genome of the recombinant obtained by recombination of influenza a/habarovsk/15/1976 virus and fpv contained the genes 4 (ha) and 6 (na) derived from the influenza a/habarovsk virus and all the other genes [1, 2, 3, 5 (np), 7 (m), 8 (ns)] from fpv. the genome of the recombinant of a/krasnodar/101/1959 virus and fpv ... | 1979 | 479841 |
| comparative studies of wild-type and cold-mutant (temperature-sensitive) influenza viruses: nonrandom reassortment of genes during preparation of live virus vaccine candidates by recombination at 25 degrees between recent h3n2 and h1n1 epidemic strains and cold-adapted a/an arbor/6/60. | 1979 | 473592 | |
| an outbreak of influenza aboard a commercial airliner. | a jet airliner with 54 persons aboard was delayed on the ground for three hours because of engine failure during a takeoff attempt. most passengers stayed on the airplane during the delay. within 72 hours, 72 per cent of the passengers became ill with symptoms of cough, fever, fatigue, headache, sore throat and myalgia. one passenger, the apparent index case, was ill on the airplane, and the clinical attack rate among the others varied with the amount of time spent aboard. virus antigenically si ... | 1979 | 463858 |
| [analysis of the nature of virus-associated dna in the influenza virus]. | dna sequences comprising about 5% of virus rna were found to be present in nucleoids of influenza virus grown in chick embryos. dna was found in two influenza virus strains under study belonging to different antigenic groups: honi and h3n2. no dna was demonstrated in nucleoids of a paramyxovirus, newcastle disease virus, grown under analogous conditions. the virus-associated dna belongs to unique sequences of cell dna. | 1979 | 462924 |
| [sorption activity of cations exchange resins of home production relative to influenza a[h3n2] virus port-chalmers strain]. | 1979 | 459957 | |
| epidemic mechanisms of type a influenza. | the antigenic varieties of influenza a virus isolated from 1968 to 1976 in a surveillance of a small, rather remote population were similar to those from england and wales as a whole, despite frequent antigenic changes during the period. household studies in the first two h3n2 influenza a epidemics found low attack rates within households, a high proportion (70%) of affected households with only one case of influenza, similar distributions of affected households in the two epidemics by the numbe ... | 1979 | 458138 |
| influenza a and b virus infection in infants and young children during the years 1957-1976. | influenza a virus activity was demonstrated in infants and young children from metropolitan washington, dc during each of 19 successive august-july respiratory disease years, and during 17 of these years at least 2% of hospitalized respiratory disease patients yielded an influenza a or b virus and/or showed an influenza a or b serum complement-fixing (cf) antibody response. between october 1957 and july 1976, 14.3% of 860 croup patients and 5.3% of a total of 5655 hospitalized respiratory patien ... | 1979 | 443244 |
| epidemiology of influenza in lower saxony during the period 1968-1978 with particular emphasis on subtypes a(h3n2) and a(h1n1) in winter 1977-78. | the influenza surveillance in lower saxony is based mainly on laboratory investigations, and especially those which involve the isolation of influenza viruses throughout the year. these investigations have provided information on the circulation of influenza viruses and of the antigenic drift during the hong kong period which resulted in many different variants. since the advent of the hong kong virus subtype, a high excess mortality was observed only in the winter of 1969-70. in most of the oth ... | 1979 | 440200 |
| cold-adapted variants of influenza a virus: evaluation in adult seronegative volunteers of a/scotland/840/74 and a/victoria/3/75 cold-adapted recombinants derived from the cold-adapted a/ann arbor/6/60 strain. | influenza a/scotland/74 (h3n2) and a/victoria/75 (h3n2) cold-adapted (ca) recombinant viruses, prepared by mating the a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) ca donor virus and influenza a wild-type virus, were evaluated in adult seronegative volunteers (serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer, </=1:8) for level of attenuation, antigenicity, and genetic stability of the temperature-sensitive and ca phenotypes. at 10(7.0) to 10(7.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses the a/scotland/74 and a/victoria/75 ... | 1979 | 422240 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a virus: evaluation of the a/victoria/75-ts-1a2 temperature-sensitive recombinant virus in seronegative adult volunteers. | an influenza a virus recombinant bearing the surface antigens of the a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) strain and the two ts genes of the a/udorn/72-ts-1a2 virus was evaluated for attenuation, antigenicity, and protective effect in 42 doubly seronegative adult volunteers (i.e., individuals who lacked detectable serum antibodies for the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens). this recombinant, which had a 37 degrees c shutoff temperature for plaque formation and ts mutations on the genes thought to code ... | 1979 | 422239 |
| relevance of the immunoprecipitation assay to human immunogenicity of influenza vaccines. | influenza vaccines representing each of the four u.s. manufacturers' output for the 1975-76 respiratory season were characterized clinically and assayed by immunoprecipitation. all vaccines contained 350 cca units/dose each of the a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) and a/scotland/840/74 (h3n2) viruses plus 550 cca units/dose of b/hk/5/72 virus. two of the vaccines were whole virus while the other two were subunit products; one made by extraction with ethyl ether, the second by detergent treatment. the ... | 1977 | 414949 |
| the use of transportable single-radial-diffusion immunoplates in seroepidemiological studies of influenza in the gambia. the occurrence and persistence of antibody to influenza a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) virus in selected inhabitants of two rural villages. | seroepidemiological studies of influenza in the gambia were made using transportable single-radial-diffusion immunoplates containing a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) virus as antigen. the frequency and durability of antibody so detected in selected residents of two gambian villages (manduar and kafuta) are described. transportable immunoplates were found to be an effective method for the serological surveillance of influenza and to be applicable in studies in remote areas where laboratory facilities may no ... | 1977 | 408021 |
| comparison of sevral wild-type influenza viruses in the ferret tracheal organ culture system. | several strains of wild-type influenza a virus were studied in the ferret tracheal organ culture system. ciliary activity and viral replication were measured. ciliary activity was reduced more rapidly by a/hong kong/45/68 (h3n2) (a/hk) and a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) (a/vic) than by a/new jersey/8/76 (hsw1n1) (a/nj), a/scotland/840/74(3hn2) (a/scot), or a/ussr/90/77 (h1n1) (a/ussr). a/hk, a/vic, and a/scot produced titers of virus higher than a/ussr or a/nj during the first three days after infection ... | 1979 | 399387 |
| human lymphocyte cytotoxicity against target cells infected with influenza a viruses of both recent and old strains. | in vitro measurement of lymphocyte cytotoxicity (lc) reflects one aspect of human cell-mediated immunity against influenza. we studied peripheral blood lc against target cells infected with 1 of 3 strains of influenza a virus; these represent both recent and old strains. positive lc responses were obtained in 94 % of subjects. responses were significantly greater against the older strains, a/new jersey/76 (hsw1n1) and a/pr/8/34 (h0n1), than against a/england/42/72 (h3n2). lc reactivity occurred ... | 1979 | 391110 |
| rapid diagnosis of influenza a infection by direct immunofluorescence of nasopharyngeal aspirates in adults. | the efficacy for direct immunofluorescence of a commercial conjugate for influenza a virus prepared against whole a/udorn (h3ns) virus was studied. the conjugate was specific for influenza a virus, but its sensitivity varied depending upon the strain of influenza a tested. nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from 25 patients during an outbreak of influenza were examined for viral antigen with the conjugates and inoculated onto monkey kidney (mk) cells for virus isolation. fifteen patients had iso ... | 1979 | 387816 |
| [use of peroxidase and fitc labeled antibodies for express-diagnosis of influenza]. | the evaluation of influenza antigen detection was done in comparative experiments on the same material during an epidemic of influenza due to a2/victoria (h3n2) influenza virus. cells of the nasal mucosa from 65 patients were tested at the same intervals by two methods showing no difference in the principle of the reaction: peroxidase-labeled (ip) and fitc-labeled (if) antibody. by the latter method influenza could be diagnosed in 36% of cases, by ip in 38%, by the combination of the two in 56%. ... | 1978 | 373251 |
| rapid subtyping of influenza a virus isolates by membrane fluorescence. | during the winter of 1977-1978 three influenza a virus serotypes (a/vic/3/75, a/texas/1/77 [both h3n2], and a/ussr/90/77 [h1n1]) circulated in denver, offering us the opportunity to apply fluorescent antibody techniques to the specific identification of these viruses. surface antigens of infected, unfixed primary monkey kidney cells were stained in suspension by an indirect immunofluorescence technique with anti-h3n2 and anti-h1n1 antisera. in tests of cells infected with known viruses, the memb ... | 1979 | 372228 |
| detection of antigenic variation in influenza virus neuraminidase by the essen-nit and the who standard procedure. | a new rapid modified micro-neuraminidase-inhibition test (essen-nit) has recently been described. this test was originally devised to facilitate large-scale screening for serum antibodies to influenza virus neuraminidase. it was shown that this test yielded results comparable to those obtained with the who standard procedure. our report presents data on the comparison between the who method and the essen-nit with respect to their capability in detecting antigenic differences in neuraminidase of ... | 1978 | 364282 |
| detection of cells producing surface antigen-specific antibody to influenza viruses. | b cells producing antibodies to influenza virus antigens were detected and quantitated by a hemolytic plaque assay. responses of mice after primary infection and immunization with influenza viruses were measured and compared with responses after secondary immunization. the b-cell responses were specific and differentiated between a and b influenza viruses and between different subtypes of a influenza viruses. responses to closely related influenza a virus strains of the h3n2 subtype cross-reacte ... | 1978 | 363742 |
| airway hyperreactivity and peripheral airway dysfunction in influenza a infection. | we studied 39 consecutive college students with documented nonpneumonitic influenza a/victoria/3/75/h3n2 infection to examine alterations in pulmonary mechanics and airway reactivity to cholinergic challenge, and to assess the effect of the antiviral agent amantadine on these changes. thirty-six of the 39 subjects (92 per cent) demonstrated diminished forced flow rates and decreased density-dependent forced flow rates while breathing a helium-o2 mixture as compared to an air mixture. on initial ... | 1978 | 358877 |
| serological evidence of continuing infection of swine in great britain with an influenza a virus (h3n2). | serum samples collected from swine and cattle in great britain at various times between july 1971 and july 1977 were examined by haemagglutination-inhibition or single radial haemolysis methods for evidence of infection with influenza a (h3n2) viruses. a small proportion of swine sera collected in each year reacted in the tests but there was no evidence of infection in cattle. the significance of the findings is discussed, with particular reference to the seasonal fluctuations in the prevalence ... | 1978 | 349075 |
| preparation of projection-less particles from influenza virus and their messenger activities in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. | a fraction of projection-less particles was prepared from influenza a/dunedin/4/73 and a/victoria/3/75 (x-47) (h3n2) by detergent treatment and extraction into ether at 0 degrees c. the activity of this material in stimulating protein synthesis in vitro was studied and compared with that of isolated virion rna using a) an rna-dependent e. coli system, and b) a wheat germ system. in the bacterial system the purified rna had the highest template activity, while in the eukaryotic system the disrupt ... | 1978 | 343752 |
| responses of elderly and chronically ill subjects to bivalent influenza a/new jersey/8/76 (hsw1n1)-a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) vaccines. | antibody responses and side effects to bivalent influenza a virus vaccines from three different manufacturers, containing 200 or 400 chick cell-agglutinating (cca) units each of a/new jersey/8/76 (hsw1n1) and a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) antigens, were evaluated in 234 ambulatory elderly and chronically ill volunteers in a placebo-controlled, doubld-blind study. systemic reactions did not occur significantly more often among recipients of vaccine than among volunteers who received placebo. local react ... | 1977 | 342625 |
| reactogenicity and immunogenicity of parenteral monovalent influenza a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus vaccine in healthy adults. | monovalent influenza a/victoria/3/75 whole-virus vaccines prepared by merck sharp and dohme (west point, pa.) and merrell-national laboratories (cincinnati, ohio) and split-virus vaccines prepared by parke, davis and company (detroit, mich.) and wyeth laboratories (philadelphia, pa.) containing 200, 400, and 800 chick cell-agglutinating units per dose were compared with a placebo in double-blind trials in which 208 adults participated. titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody of greater th ... | 1977 | 342622 |
| swine influenza a at fort dix, new jersey (january-february 1976). iv. summary and speculation. | influenza a/new jersey/76 virus was detected at fort dix from january 19 through february 9, 1976 and infected at least 230 military personnel. thirteen hospital admissions for acute respiratory disease were associated with influenza a/new jersey infection, and additional members of index training companies may have been hospitalized with influenza a/new jersey. this virus was likely introduced into the reception center by an incoming trainee. although our studies could not eliminate the possibi ... | 1977 | 342615 |
| a placebo-controlled dose-response study of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a cold-adapted recombinant a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) live influenza virus candidate vaccine in healthy volunteers. | 1977 | 342317 | |
| small-scale field trial with neuraminidase vaccine. | an inactivated whole-virus vaccine was prepared from the influenza virus recombinant h0n2 and administered to two groups of subjects. a total of 1,200 subjects were vaccinated; comparable groups of subjects served as controls. from a portion of the vaccinees sera were obtained prior to vaccination and three to four weeks afterwards. serological tests revealed development of or increase in the antibody against h0 in a great majority of the vaccinated subjects and against n2 in slightly more than ... | 1977 | 342313 |
| laboratory and clinical evaluation of new live influenza virus vaccines. need for minimum requirements. | recently, new methods for the selection of candidate live influenza vaccine viruses have become available. they are based on the characterization of the genetic material of these viruses and have been shown to correlate with attenuation for man. adequately attenuated viruses have been obtained from various h3n2 strains using standard methods of attenuation for each strain. these vaccine strains met the criteria for live attenuated influenza virus vaccines: they were attenuated, non-transmissibl ... | 1977 | 342307 |
| an attenuated influenza virus vaccine: protection against homologous and heterologous strains of virus. | an effective influenza vaccine should be capable of providing protection against both the homologous virus strain and heterologous strains representing antigenic "drift". two attenuated vaccines were evaluated, an a/hong kong/8/68 (h3n2) and an a/england/42/72 (h3n2) strain. volunteers were immunized intranasally with either placebo or vaccine in a "double-blind" fashion in two doses, 2 weeks apart. eighty-four subjects were challenged 30-100 days after the second dose with either the homologous ... | 1977 | 342305 |
| evaluation of the single radial hemolysis test for measuring hemagglutinin- and neuraminidase-specific antibodies to h3n2 influenza strains and antibodies to influenza b. | antibodies to the h3 hemagglutinin of influenza a virus could be specifically measured by single radial hemolysis (srh) when test antigens were recombinant viruses containing the relevant h3 hemagglutinin antigen and irrelevant neq1 neuraminidase of a/equine/prague/1/56 virus. antibodies to influenza b virus could also be measured by the srh technique. antibody rises to influenza a or b virus measured by srh agreed with results of hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests for about 80% of the sera ... | 1977 | 323281 |
| small-scale trial of live-attenuated influenza vaccine (a/hong kong/68). | seventy-one men who were given live-attenuated a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) influenza vaccine during november 1973, and 34 men given placebo were examined for changes in antibody level. overall, 12 of the 71 men (17%) given the vaccine showed a fourfold rise in haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody titre after 14 days. no such rises were seen in the 34 men given placebo. however, 10 of the men showing a fourfold rise were from 19 who had no detectable hi antibody to this virus before vaccination, ... | 1977 | 322827 |
| [immune structure of the population of moscow to the strains of the influenza viruses a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b circulating in 1977]. | examinations for the presence of antihemagglutinins to influenza a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b virus strains in the sera from people of different ages collected in april-may and october-november, 1977, showed that influenza a(h1n1) virus began to circulate in the human population of moscow before the onset of an overt epidemic, in the period between june and october, 1977. this conclusion has been drawn on the basis of the absence of antihemagglutinins to a(h1n1) virus in the sera from subjects of 16-2 ... | 1979 | 311977 |
| influenza in china in 1977: recurrence of influenzavirus a subtype h1n1. | preliminary results from epidemiological and laboratory studies on the new h1n1 influenza virus show that the 7-20 years age group suffered the highest morbidity; some adults over 20 years of age were also affected. the influenza epidemic caused by the h1n1 virus was characterized by slow spread, unevenness of attack rates, and the occurrence of many mild cases and inapparent infections. at least up to the end of 1977 there was concurrent persistence and spread of both h1n1 and h3n2 viruses. the ... | 1978 | 310732 |
| cellular changes in lungs of mice infected with influenza virus: characterization of the cytotoxic responses. | transpleural lavage of lungs from uninfected c3h mice yielded an average of 300,000 leukocytes per mouse. this number increased eightfold within 6 days after intranasal inoculation with virulent influenza a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) virus. macrophages and lymphocytes in approximately equal numbers comprised 90% or more of the leukocytes both before and during infection. b, t, and null lymphocytes comprised, respectively, 9, 21, and 18% of the leukocytes before infection and 7, 26, and 5% by day 6. in ... | 1978 | 310424 |
| the analysis of the monoclonal immune response to influenza virus. iii. the relationship between stimulation of virus-primed precursor b cells by heterologous viruses and reactivity of secreted antibodies. | individual splenic precursor b cells from balb/c mice primed with influenza virus pr8[a/pr/8/34 (h0n1)] were stimulated in vitro in the splenic fragment culture system by homologous or various heterologous influenza viruses. the specificity of the stimulated precursor cells was determined by analysis of the antibodies secreted by the ensuing plasma cell clone in a radioimmunoassay (ria). viruses of the h2n2 and h3n2 subtypes were unable to stimulate hemagglutinin (ha)- or neuraminidase (na)-comm ... | 1978 | 305935 |
| distinct recognition of influenza virus hemagglutinin and h-2 antigens by cytotoxic thymus derived lymphocytes. | cytotoxic thymus derived (t) lymphocytes were readily detected in balb/c and c3h mice during infection with influenza a (h0n1, h3n2, heq1neq1) and b viruses. t cell mediated lysis was specific for h-2 compatible target cells infected with the same strain of virus used to immunize the mice. the viral specificity was found to be related to the hemagglutinin antigen by the use of parent strains (h3n2 and heqneq) and their recombinant viruses which included the antigenic hybrids for hemagglutinin an ... | 1977 | 304819 |
| chronic pulmonary complications of early influenza virus infection in children. | in 3 male patients, chronic pulmonary sequelae followed influenza virus infection at 5, 24, and 42 months of age. varying degrees of interstitial fibrosis, bronchial and bronchiolar erosions and metaplasia, obliterative bronchiolitis, and interstitial chronic inflammatory infiltrates were found on lung biopsy. influenza a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) virus was isolated from the lung tissue of one patient 8 weeks after the onset of illness. this is the longest persistence of infectious virus in lung tissu ... | 1977 | 303485 |
| evolution of human influenza a viruses in nature: recombination contributes to genetic variation of h1n1 strains. | in june of 1977, a new influenza a pandemic was started by strains of the h1n1 serotype. oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis of the rna from viruses isolated during the early stage of this pandemic demonstrated that genetic variation among these 1977 strains could be attributed to sequential mutation [young, j.f., desselberger, u. & palese, p. (1979) cell, 18, 73-83]. examination of more recent strains revealed that the h1n1 variants that were isolated in the winter of 1978-1979 differed consid ... | 1979 | 293742 |
| the relative potencies of anti-influenza compounds. | the relative potencies of some standard anti-influenza compounds have been examined in vitro by plaque reduction in calf kidney cells, and in vivo by reduction in virus titers of the lungs of infected mice. strains belonging to the four subtypes h0n1, h1n1, h2n2, and h3n2 were employed to compare the activity of amantadine hydrochloride and ribavirin. in vitro for all strains except a/nws/oo(h0n1) amantadine hydrochloride was 3-4 times more active than ribavirin. in vivo with sensitive strains a ... | 1977 | 280137 |
| protective efficacy of rit 4025, a live attenuated influenza vaccine strain, and evaluation of heterotypic immunity to influenza a viruses in ferrets. | ferrets immunized with an h3n2 recombinant of a/pr/8/34 and a/scotland/840/74 (rit 4025 vaccine strain) were almost completely protected against a challenge with the homologous strain a/scotland/840/74. the protection was lower but highly significant when the challenge was performed with the heterologous a/victoria/3/75 wild strain. the protection afforded by the vaccine strain was measured by three indicators: absence of temperature rise, absence or reduction of virus shedding and absence or re ... | 1977 | 269196 |