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gene transfer of herpes simplex virus type i thymidine kinase gene as a drug sensitivity gene into human lung cancer cell lines using retroviral vectors.one of the recent strategies for gene therapy as a cancer control is the targeted introduction of a drug-sensitivity gene into tumor cells. we investigated the gene transfer of herpes simplex virus type i thymidine kinase (hsv-tk) gene as a drug-sensitivity gene into human lung cancer cell lines. we used a recombinant retroviral vector derived from moloney murine leukemia virus (mulv) as one of potential vectors for gene therapy. the amphotropic retroviral vector consisted of the hsv-tk gene and ...19938391827
mammalian pc-12 cell genetically engineered for human cytochrome p450 2e1 expression.the stable expression of the human cytochrome cyp2e1 (p450 alcohol) was performed in the mammalian cell line pc-12. this cell line expressed cytochrome b5 (58 +/- 12 pmol/mg microsomal protein vs 528 +/- 80 pmol/mg in microsomal human liver) and a high level of nadph: cytochrome p450 reductase (140 +/- 20 nmol.min-1.mg microsomal protein-1 vs 68 +/- 48 nmol.min-1.mg-1 in microsomal human liver). an expression plasmid was constructed using the cdna for the human cyp2e1 mrna and the rous sarcoma v ...19938391436
increasing n-cam-mediated cell-cell adhesion does not reduce invasion of rsv-transformed wc5 rat cerebellar cells.the wc5 rat cerebellar cell line, infected with a rous sarcoma virus (rsv) that is temperature-sensitive for pp60v-src transformation, expresses high levels of the neural cell adhesion molecule, n-cam, when grown at the non-permissive temperature for pp60v-src activity. at the permissive temperature, n-cam expression is 4- to 10-fold reduced and the cells aggregate poorly. to evaluate the effects of variations in n-cam expression, we compared the invasive ability of transformed wc5 cells that ex ...19938391406
effects of the open reading frames in the rous sarcoma virus leader rna on translation.three short open reading frames (orfs) reside in the 5' leader of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and are conserved in all avian sarcoma-leukosis retroviruses. both extensions of the lengths of the orfs and alterations in their initiation codons affect viral replication and gene expression. to determine whether the effects on viral replication were due to translational regulation mediated by the orfs, we examined translation following mutation of the initiation and termination codons of each of the thr ...19938389931
comparison of the substrate-binding pockets of the rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteases.a steady state kinetic analysis of the avian myeloblastosis virus/rous sarcoma virus (amv/rsv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) retroviral proteases (prs) was carried out using a series of 40 peptide substrates that are derivatives of the amv/rsv nucleocapsid-pr cleavage site. these peptides contain single amino acid substitutions in each of the seven positions of the minimum length substrate required by the pr for specific and efficient cleavage. these peptide substrates are dist ...19938389361
transcriptional downregulation of the retina-specific qr1 gene by pp60v-src and identification of a novel v-src-responsive unit.the embryonic avian neuroretina (nr) is part of the central nervous system and is composed of various cell types: photoreceptors and neuronal and müller (glial) cells. these cells are derived from proliferating neuroectodermal precursors which differentiate after terminal mitosis and become organized in cell strata. proliferation of differentiating nr cells can be induced by infection with rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and requires the expression of a functional v-src gene. to understand the mechanis ...19938388536
[complete nucleotide sequence of rous sarcoma virus variants adapted to duck cells].subgroup c avian sarcoma viruses efficiently infect and transform but poorly replicate in duck cells. nucleotide sequence analysis of prague strain of rous sarcoma virus adapted by numerous passages on duck embryonic fibroblasts (dapr-rsv-c) showed that adaptation of originally chicken virus to duck cells correlated with changes in viral genome, first of all in gp85-coding domain of env-gene. besides, changes in ltr and src-gene sequences could play a role in widening of host range for this viru ...19938387633
human herpesvirus-6 infections in infants admitted to hospital.virological studies were carried out on 3 to 36-month-old patients admitted to the children's hospital of the university of modena with febrile syndrome from september 1990 to february 1991. virological tests were carried out for human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza viruses a and b. viral infections were confirmed in 60.7% patien ...19938387570
analysis of retroviral assembly using a vaccinia/t7-polymerase complementation system.the nature of protein-protein interactions during retroviral assembly is not well understood, and mutational analyses of the potential signals involved in the viral assembly process has been difficult, particularly with the avian retroviruses due to the level of viral proteins expressed in the clonal cell lines containing defective viral genomes. we describe here a complementation system in which the retroviral gag/pol and env gene products were expressed independently from different plasmids un ...19938386872
mutation of the c/ebp binding sites in the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat and gag enhancers.several c/ebp binding sites within the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) long terminal repeat (ltr) and gag enhancers were mutated, and the effect of these mutations on viral gene expression was assessed. minimal site-specific mutations in each of three adjacent c/ebp binding sites in the ltr reduced steady-state viral rna levels. double mutation of the two 5' proximal ltr binding sites resulted in production of 30% of wild-type levels of virus. dnase i footprinting analysis of mutant dnas indicated that ...19938386280
c-myc gene activation as a permanent trait of rsv-infected quail cells.a high level of c-myc gene expression was found to be a constant feature of v-src transformation. the c-myc gene product was analyzed in quail embryo cells transformed by different mutants of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) that were temperature-sensitive with respect to various parameters of v-src function. the high-level expression of c-myc proved not to be temperature-sensitive: at both permissive (35 degrees c) and non-permissive (41 degrees c) temperatures, the same high levels of c-myc gene produ ...19938386142
molecular model of equine infectious anemia virus proteinase and kinetic measurements for peptide substrates with single amino acid substitutions.a molecular model has been built of the equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) proteinase on the basis of the crystal structures of the related rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) proteinases. the 104 residue long eiav proteinase has 30 identical and 11 similar amino acids compared to those in hiv-1 proteinase and 25 identical and 18 similar amino acids compared to rsv proteinase. the overall structure is predicted to be close to that of hiv-1 proteinase. two regions s ...19938384880
preferential extrachromosomal localization of exogenous dna in transgenic silkworm bombyx mori l.transgenic silkworms (bombyx mori l.) were obtained by microinjection of plasmid pprc-ltr1.5, which carris 1.5 dna copies of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) long terminal repeats (ltrs) inserted in the vector pbr322. the transgene was transmitted over the three generations obtained up to now. most of the exogenous dna failed to integrate into the genome and persisted as an extrachromosomal element that is subject to rearrangements. plasmids carrying only part of the input dna together with fragments of ...19938382341
functional and defective components of avian endogenous virus long terminal repeat enhancer sequences.oncogenic avian retroviruses, such as rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and the avian leukosis viruses, contain a strong enhancer in the u3 portion of the proviral long terminal repeat (ltr). the ltrs of a second class of avian retroviruses, the endogenous viruses (ev) lack detectable enhancer activity. by creating ev-rsv hybrid ltrs, we previously demonstrated that, despite the lack of independent enhancer activity in the ev u3 region, ev ltrs contain sequences that are able to functionally replace esse ...19938382309
p60v-src causes tyrosine phosphorylation and inactivation of the n-cadherin-catenin cell adhesion system.transformation of chick embryonic fibroblasts with rous sarcoma virus strongly suppresses n-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, without inhibiting its expression. this suppression is correlated with tyrosine phosphorylation of n-cadherin and catenins, the cadherin-associated proteins, which are known to regulate cadherin function. experiments with non-myristylation and temperature-sensitive mutants of rsv and with herbimycin a, a potent inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, suggest that both the supp ...19938381351
src-specific immune regression of rous sarcoma virus-induced tumors.we have developed an oncogene-specific tumor regression system in chickens. injection s.c. of chicken wing webs with either rasv1702 or rasv157, mutants of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) that express nonmyristolyated src product containing novel n-terminal domains, results in noninvasive fibrosarcomas that regress fully. the ability of challenge infections with wild-type rsv to form tumors is suppressed. this protective effect was shown to be specific for determinants encoded or induced by v-src (i. g ...19938381333
effect of rearrangements and duplications of the cys-his motifs of rous sarcoma virus nucleocapsid protein.it has been widely documented that the nucleocapsid protein p12 (nc) of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) has a role in the encapsidation and maturation of the virus genomic rna during particle formation, and particularly important appear to be the cys-his motifs of this protein. since some retroviruses only have one such motif, we have investigated the significance of the two distinct cys-his motifs of rsv nc. the analysis of the phenotype of virus nc mutants with precise rearrangements or duplications ...19938380458
immunogenicity of purified f glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus: clinical and immune responses to subsequent natural infection in children.purified f glycoprotein from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv, subgroup a antigenic type) was evaluated in 18- to 36-month-old children as a vaccine. children had been previously infected with rsv during natural outbreaks of the virus. single injections of 5, 20, or 50 micrograms of protein resulted in greater than eightfold increases in elisa and neutralizing antibodies. second doses of vaccine did not result in further boosts in antibody. neutralizing antibodies increased not only to the a2 an ...19938376814
characteristic differences in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products of ovine, bovine, and human respiratory syncytial viruses.in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcr) and dna hybridizations using primers and an oligonucleotide probe to the fusion (f) protein mrna of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), all the brsv isolates and a goat isolate could be distinguished from prototype isolates of human respiratory syncytial viruses (hrsv) and ovine (sheep and bighorn sheep) respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv). however, rt-pcr amplifications with primers to sequences of the hrsv f protein mrna resul ...19938373845
cardiac arrhythmias as a manifestation of acquired heart disease in association with paediatric respiratory syncitial virus infection.respiratory syncitial virus (rsv) is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infection in infants. an association between rsv bronchiolitis and cardiac arrhythmias has been described but is rare. a further case of an infant with supraventricular tachycardia in association with culture-positive respiratory syncitial virus bronchiolitis is reported. this case prompted a review of the two other cases of arrhythmia associated with rsv infection seen at this institution and a review of al ...19938373680
nucleotide sequence analysis of the ovine respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein gene.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects humans and animals including ruminants. among the 10 genes coded for in the viral genome, the putative attachment glycoprotein g gene has been the most variable among strains. human rsv have been divided to two subgroups based on immunological and base sequence data on the attachment glycoprotein g and its gene, respectively. it has been suggested that similar antigenic diversity also exists among bovine rsv (brsv) isolates. in this study, we report on t ...19938372453
respiratory syncytial virus.a great deal of medical research and subsequent literature has been devoted to understanding and defining rsv as a dangerous respiratory pathogen. careful assessment and preventative measures are the hallmarks of nursing care for the infants or young children with rsv. acknowledging this seasonal virus and recognizing its potential effects, particularly on children and their families, is fundamental to the provision of effective pediatric health care. this appreciation is imperative in creating ...19938367331
expression and inheritance of rsvltr-rtgh1 complementary dna in the transgenic common carp, cyprinus carpio.transgenic common carp, cyprinus carpio, possessing the long terminal repeat (ltr) sequence of avian rous sarcoma virus (rsv) fused to the rainbow trout (rt) growth hormone (gh1) complementary dna (cdna) were produced by microinjection. initial studies showed that the transgenic common carp transmitted the foreign dna to a significant fraction of their progeny in three of four crosses of transgenic males with control females. these progeny grew 20 to 40% faster than their nontransgenic full sibl ...19938364692
paramyxoviruses and paget's disease.using the technique of in situ hybridisation, we extended our initial studies of the occurrence of canine distemper and measles virus in paget's disease. bone samples from untreated patients and patients treated with 3-amino-hydroxypropylidene 1,1 bisphosphonate pamidronate (apd) were examined for canine distemper nucleocapsid (cdv-n), measles nucleocapsid (mv-n), respiratory syncytial virus fusion (rsv-f), and simian virus 5 haemoglutinin-neuraminidase (sv5-hn) sequences using 35s-labelled sens ...19938360634
antibody responses of children to the c-terminal peptide of the sh protein of respiratory syncytial virus and the immunological characterization of this protein.the sh protein of rsv, a small integrated hydrophobic membrane protein, consists of 64 amino acid residues in the polypeptide of subgroup a and 65 amino acid residues in the polypeptide of subgroup b. we synthesized five peptides, representing the sh protein of each rsv subgroup comprised of the following amino acid residues: 2-16, 12-26, 35-49, 45-60, and for subgroup a, 51-64 and for subgroup b, 51-65. peptides 2-16 and 51-64/65 represented the n-terminal and c-terminal ends of the protein, re ...19938360632
increased prevalence of antibodies to adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in polymyalgia rheumatica.serum antibodies to a panel of 13 viruses and to mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci were tested in 17 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (pmr) and in 17 age- and sex-matched controls with osteoarthritis seen in the same rheumatological clinic. antibodies to adenovirus (adv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were significantly more prevalent in pmr. these antibodies were titred in 26 patients with pmr, including those evaluated in the pilot study (17 women, 9 men, mean age 72.5 ye ...19938353986
respiratory syncytial virus infection in lower respiratory tract and asthma attack in hospitalized children in north hokkaido, japan.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is severe and life-threatening in some infants. to investigate the epidemiology of rsv infection in hospitalized children in north hokkaido, japan, we tried to detect rsv antigen in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) from those children with lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) and asthma attack. from april 1991 to march 1992, 317 patients were hospitalized in our pediatric ward for the treatment of lrti and asthma attack. the presence of rsv antigen i ...19938351991
[protracted croup syndrome. bacteriologic findings and therapeutic consequences].croup normally is characterized by acute onset and a self limited course of only few days. in 1990 and 1991 at the university children's hospital freiburg an unexpected high number of patients were hospitalized for prolonged croup syndrome. expanded microbiological investigations were used to uncover etiologic factors.19938350587
inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by detergents and disinfectants.the activity of a number of detergents and disinfectants against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was evaluated in an in vitro assay system. equal volumes of rsv and serial 10-fold dilutions of the test agents were mixed at 4 degrees c for 5 minutes. the rsv titer in each mixture was compared with that of untreated rsv alone. in 14 experiments with input rsv titers ranging from 2.6 x 10(3) to 2 x 10(7) plaque-forming units/ml, a 10-fold dilution of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (generic bleach) ina ...19938346001
restricted replication of respiratory syncytial virus in human alveolar macrophages.the cellular factors that regulate infection and replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in human alveolar macrophages were examined. rsv-exposed alveolar macrophages demonstrated a time-dependent expression of viral glycoproteins, maximal by 24 h post-infection resulting in infection of approx. 38% of the cells. essentially all (33%) of these freshly isolated alveolar macrophages replicated rsv as shown by infectious centre assays. this rsv-permissive subpopulation of alveolar macropha ...19938345347
priming immunization determines t helper cytokine mrna expression patterns in lungs of mice challenged with respiratory syncytial virus.defining the mechanism for the vaccine-enhanced illness associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is critical for advancing rsv vaccine development. previous studies in which infants were vaccinated with formalin-inactivated alum-precipitated whole virus did not protect from rsv infection, and those infected had a high incidence of severe illness. in contrast, previous clinical trials evaluating live attenuated rsv showed no associated vaccine-enhanced illness. we have used a mouse model ...19938345194
membrane orientation and oligomerization of the small hydrophobic protein of human respiratory syncytial virus.previous work has demonstrated that the small hydrophobic (sh) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) a2 strain is a 64 amino acid integral membrane protein that accumulates intracellularly as an unglycosylated major species (sh0), a minor species truncated at the amino terminus and two n-glycosylated species one of which contains a further addition of polylactosamine. in this study, the membrane orientation of sh0 was mapped by trypsinization of intact rsv-infected cells followed by ...19938336126
[effect of the humoral immune response on the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection].direct cytopathic effects and components of the humoral immune response may contribute to the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. using synthetic peptides as an analytical tool, it could be demonstrated that the primary immune response of young children is directed against other epitopes compared to the situation in adults. rsv-specific antibodies are not only considered to possess protective properties but also to contribute to the pathogenesis of the infection. in our ...19938335338
relationship between viral antibodies and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in 495 unselected children and adolescents.the purpose of this study was to investigate whether recent and previous subclinical viral respiratory infection can explain the presence of increased bronchial responsiveness to histamine. we studied a randomly selected population of 495 children and adolescents, aged 7-16 years, from copenhagen. if the subjects had had symptoms of respiratory infection recently, the examination was postponed for at least 6 weeks. bronchial hyperresponsiveness (bhr) to inhaled histamine was found in 79 (16%) of ...19938328659
hospitalization of jewish and bedouin infants in southern israel for bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus.we conducted a prospective study to determine the clinical picture and impact of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) on hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis of pediatric patients less than 2 years of age belonging to two different ethnic groups in southern israel: jews and bedouins. all patients younger than 2 years of age hospitalized for bronchiolitis during a typical rsv season were enrolled. during the study period 120 patients with bronchiolitis were hospitalized, and 83 (69%) were rsv-pos ...19938327298
a lamb model for human respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. the development of an animal model of rsv disease serves to better understanding the pathophysiology of airway disease from rsv infection in infants and children. groups of six lambs were inoculated intratracheally (it) or intranasally (in) with a human strain of rsv (h-rsv). for controls 8 lambs received it virus-free cell lysate. tachypnea and fever were observed significantly more o ...19938327277
chicken embryo fibroblasts exposed to weak, time-varying magnetic fields share cell proliferation, adenosine deaminase activity, and membrane characteristics of transformed cells.chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) exposed to a sinusoidally varying magnetic field (svmf) (100 hz, 700 microt, for 24 h) showed a remarkable rise of segmental rotational relaxation rate of adenosine deaminase (ada, ec 3.5.4.4) as determined by multifrequency phase fluorometry. pyrene-labeled, small subunit ada was applied to cultured (normal) cef, which have available and abundant ada complexing protein (adcp) on their plasma membranes. sine-wave-modulated fluorometry of the pyrene yielded a prof ...19938323572
lack of detectable enhanced pulmonary histopathology in cotton rats immunized with purified f glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) when challenged at 3-6 months after immunization.the cotton rat model has been used to evaluate the potential for immunogens to induce respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-enhanced pulmonary histopathology. a recent study evaluated purified f protein in this model when animals were challenged intranasally with rsv 3 or 6 months after immunization. the authors concluded that the purified f protein was associated with the same level of histopathological changes as observed with the positive control, a formalin-inactivated rsv immunogen. three patho ...19938322482
[pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus diagnosed by transtracheal aspiration in an adult].a healthy-looking 44-year-old female was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever and hemosputum. the chest roentgenogram on admission showed patchy infiltrates of the segment 3 and 8 of the right lung. laboratory studies showed a leukocyte count of 9700/microliters, erythrocytes sedimentation rate of 55 mm/hour and c reactive protein of 8.7 mg/dl. the arterial po2 was 71.9 torr while the patient was breathing room air. transtracheal aspiration was performed on admission, and strains and cu ...19938320466
sp-303 small-particle aerosol treatment of influenza a virus infection in mice and respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats.a natural plant product, sp-303, was administered by small-particle aerosol to influenza a/hk virus-infected mice and rsv-infected cotton rats. aqueous sp-303 at 2 mg/ml in the collison nebulizer reservoir generated an aerosol with an output of 26 micrograms/l and a particle size distribution of 1.4 microns +/- 4.6 (mmad +/- gsd). sp-303 at a dosage of 0.5-9.4 mg/kg per day administered for 3-4 days significantly increased both the rate and duration of survival of mice lethally infected with inf ...19938317921
rescue of a 7502-nucleotide (49.3% of full-length) synthetic analog of respiratory syncytial virus genomic rna.a cdna was constructed to encode an internally-truncated version of negative-sense genomic rna (vrna) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) containing (in 3' to 5' order) the 3' vrna leader region, the complement of the open reading frame for bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) under the control of rsv gene-start and gene-end signals, an intergenic nucleotide, the complete l gene including the gene-start and gene-end signals, and the 5' vrna trailer region. the encoded vrna analog ...19938317100
a comparison in chimpanzees of the immunogenicity and efficacy of live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) temperature-sensitive mutant vaccines and vaccinia virus recombinants that express the surface glycoproteins of rsv.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children. the present study compares the level of attenuation, genetic stability and efficacy of three conditional-lethal temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the rsv a2 wild-type virus, designated ts-1, ts-1-ng1, and ts-4, in seronegative chimpanzees and also compares their efficacy with that of vaccinia virus recombinants that express the surface glycoproteins of rsv. each of the ts mutants was ...19938310760
[acute parotitis in children previously vaccinated against mumps].children who had previously received morbilli-(mumps) rubella (mmr) vaccine developed parotid swelling which was diagnosed as acute parotitis 7 days to 2 years following inoculation. blood samples from each of the patients were tested for the following virological parameters: mumps-virus, parainfluenza-viruses (piv) type 1., 2., 3., respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), epstein barr virus capsid antigen (ebvca) igm, iga, igg immunofluorescent test (ift) and ebvca igm, igg elisa (human); epstein bar ...19948309684
reliable confirmation of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using brsv nucleocapsid protein expressed in insect cells.the nucleocapsid (n) protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in the baculovirus expression system was evaluated as a source of antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antibodies. the recombinant n protein was purified from infected-cell extracts by sucrose gradient centrifugation and used in the elisa for the detection of antibodies to various rsv strains. the elisa was compared with the virus neutralization (vn) ...19938308106
cloning of rous sarcoma virus enhancer factor genes. i. evidence that rsv-ef-i is related to y-box (inverted ccaat) binding proteins and binds to multiple motifs in the rsv enhancer.a cdna clone was isolated from a chicken embryo cdna library employing a pcr-generated radiolabeled probe specific for the u3 region of the rous sarcoma virus ltr. the cdna encodes a protein of 345 aa and is homologous to the y-box (inverted ccaat) binding proteins. the amino acid sequence of the rsv-ef-i shows 75% identity with rat ef1 but the nh2-terminal 60-aa residues share little homology. at the carboxyl terminus an additional 28-aa sequence, rich in basic residues, probably encoded by an ...19948291233
[etiology of epidemic parotitis].blood samples of 204 acute parotitis patients in a fifteen month period (1991-1992) were systematically examined for igm, iga, igg antibodies of mumps and parainfluenza-virus 1, 2, 3 (piv) by immunofluorescent test (ift) and, in special cases several other virological examinations have been done. the etiological role of mumps-virus, parainfluenza-virus 1, 2, 3, one of the other viruses was confirmed in 76.0%, 1.5%, 6.3%, 1.5%, 4.9% of the cases, respectively. the etiology remained unknown in 9.8 ...19948290235
production of acute bronchiolitis in guinea-pigs by human respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of acute bronchiolitis in young children, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of paediatric asthma. the present studies were designed to develop a model of acute rsv bronchiolitis in young guinea-pigs, that could be used to study the mechanisms of the acute bronchiolitis and its sequelae. anaesthetized, one month old guinea-pigs received either 4 x 10(3) plaque forming units of long strain human rsv or uninfected cell culture medium ...19938287949
clinical severity of respiratory syncytial virus group a and b infection in sydney, australia.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has two major antigenic groups, a and b. there is disagreement as to whether or not there is a difference in the clinical severity of disease caused by the two rsv groups. this 3-year prospective study of infants and children with rsv-positive bronchiolitis examines the relative virulence of rsv groups a and b and assesses the role that breast-feeding may have in modifying the clinical severity of infection. clinical severity was graded i (ventilated, severe), i ...19938284117
analysis of the ovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g glycoprotein gene defines a subgroup of ungulate rsv.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been isolated from sheep suffering from respiratory tract disease. since the greatest differences between bovine rsv and human rsv are found on the attachment g protein, we have determined the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the g gene of ovine rsv. the latter contained 838 nucleotides and had a major open reading frame encoding a protein of 263 residues, and shared 73% nucleotide sequence identity with that of bovine rsv. the deduced amino ac ...19938277288
adenoviral vector as a gene delivery system into cultured rat neuronal and glial cells.previous studies have demonstrated that a defective recombinant adenovirus can infect a wide range of postmitotic and slowly proliferating cell types such as hepatocytes, myotubes, pneumocytes and intestinal cells (stratford-perricaudet et al., hum. gene ther., 1, 241-256, 1990; quantin et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. usa, 89, 2581-2584, 1992; jaffe et al., nature genetics, 1, 372-378, 1992). we have used a defective recombinant adenovirus, ad.rsv beta gal, containing the escherichia coli beta-ga ...19938275231
structural difference in the fusion protein among strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus.the polypeptides of different strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were compared. altered electrophoretic migrations were observed in the g, f, p, m and 22 kda polypeptides. the molecular weight of the f2 fragment in human rsv (long strain) and bovine rsv (a51908 and md-x strains) was approximately 20 kda whereas it was approximately 15.5 kda in caprine rsv and bovine rsv (fs-1 and vc-464 strains). the size difference of the f2 subunit was due to difference in the extent of glycos ...19938273280
detection of alpha-interferon in nasopharyngeal secretions and sera in children infected with respiratory syncytial virus.we investigated the relationship between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen and interferon (ifn) in nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) and sera obtained from 252 patients infected with rsv. a total of 146 (57.9%) of 252 patients had ifn in nps with a mean titer of 28 units/ml and ifn was detected in 164 (71.6%) of 229 patients in the acute stage sera with a mean titer of 28 units/ml. ifn activities were neutralized with antiserum to ifn-alpha. rsv antigen in nps decreased on day 5 and later ...19938265283
attenuation of ribosomal protein s6 phosphatase activity in chicken embryo fibroblasts transformed by rous sarcoma virus.in chicken embryo fibroblasts, phosphorylation of the 40s ribosomal protein s6 increases during g1 but returns to basal level by mitosis. in contrast, in rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-transformed fibroblasts, s6 remains highly phosphorylated throughout mitosis. this study investigated the mechanism by which rsv alters the pattern of s6 phosphorylation. pulse-chase experiments demonstrate that phosphate turnover in s6 is rapid in normal cells and in cells infected with an rsv transformation-defective ...19948264587
update: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 1993.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a common cause of community-wide outbreaks of acute respiratory disease, is associated with an estimated 90,000 hospitalizations and 4500 deaths from lower respiratory tract disease in both infants and young children in the united states. outbreaks usually occur from late fall or early winter through spring. since 1989, rsv activity in the united states has been monitored by the national respiratory and enteric virus surveillance system (nrevss), a voluntary, l ...19938259109
dynamics of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections: a longitudinal epidemiological study in dairy herds.to study the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections during the year, the incidences of primary infections and reinfections were monitored by titrating antibodies to bovine rsv (brsv) in cattle above 2 months of age in 6 dairy herds in the netherlands. from august 1990 until september 1991, 884 cattle were sampled at one-month intervals. a total of 155 cattle, most under two years of age, had a primary antibody response. antibody rises were found in 259 cattle of all ages. t ...19938257292
mucosal immunization with a subunit respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in mice.the protective efficacy of mucosal immunization with purified respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein (f) using cholera toxin (ct) as an adjuvant was assessed in mice. intranasal vaccination with f+ct induced f-specific serum igg and nasal iga and resulted in 75% protection from nasal virus replication compared with control mice. intranasal ct+f with simultaneous parenteral f provided complete protection equivalent to intranasal live virus immunization.19938249433
respiratory syncytial virus lung infection in infants: immunoregulatory role of infected alveolar macrophages.thirteen previously healthy children with acute onset of severe lower respiratory tract signs and symptoms underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) for diagnostic purposes. bal samples were assessed for viral, bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal cultures. cytospin preparations of bal cells were assessed for expression of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), hla-dr, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor proteins. purified alveolar macrophages from 2 rsv-infected children wer ...19938245538
purification and characterization of a lectin-like substance from silkworm faeces.to obtain biologically active substances that are useful in the study of cell structures and functions, we examined several biological activities of an extract of silkworm faeces with hot buffer. we detected a lectin-like substance in the extract and purified it. when the extract of silkworm faeces was added to a culture of quail myoblasts transformed with temperature-sensitive rous sarcoma virus (qm-rsv cells), the plated cells which were cultured at 35.5 degrees c (the permissive temperature f ...19938242795
the serum unresponsive rous sarcoma virus promoter sustains a high serum response factor-dependent transcription in vitro.carg boxes are cis-regulatory elements which are represented both in serum responsive and unresponsive promoters. here we show that the rsv long terminal repeat contains two carg boxes, which were efficiently recognised by purified serum response factor, although they remained unresponsive to serum in transient transfection assays. however, rsv carg boxes were as efficient as c-fos serum response element in mediating a serum response factor-dependent transcription in vitro. thus, the fact that a ...19938240335
[experimental analysis of cytotoxicity mediated by activated macrophages against glioma cells in mice].macrophage (m phi) has a very important role in host natural defence and tumor cell killing. activated m phi with tumor cytotoxicity can be induced by various lymphokines, such as interferon (ifn)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin (il)-2, il-4, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (gm-csf), and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (m-csf), but also by various bacterial products, such as lipopolysaccharide (lps), bacillus calmette guérin (bcg), corynebacterium parv ...19938239865
respiratory syncytial virus-induced cytokine production by a human bronchial epithelial cell line.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection in infants and young children, but the pathogenesis of rsv-induced inflammation is not well defined. we hypothesized that in vitro infection of a human bronchial epithelial cell line (beas) would induce production of proinflammatory cytokines. beas cells were infected with rsv, and cells and supernatants were assayed for cytokine mrna and protein changes at several time points after infection. cytokine mrna ...19938238534
immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice with respiratory syncytial virus-specific immune serum.the effects of passive respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immune serum given as preinoculation prophylaxis, postinoculation prophylaxis, and as therapy on d 5 after inoculation were evaluated in an illness model of rsv infection in balb/c mice. pre- and postinoculation prophylaxis reduced rsv replication in lung after primary rsv infection and prevented illness. day 5 treatment did not affect peak titer of rsv in lung but resulted in more rapid recovery from illness than seen in untreated mice. p ...19938233720
presence of respiratory syncytial virus genomic sequences in middle ear fluid and its relationship to expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules.the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and several cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in middle ear effusions and mucosal tissues was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction. rsv genomic sequences were detected in 23 (52.7%) of 44 middle ear effusions tested. the sequences were detectable at an even higher rate (82.4%) in effusions of children in whom infectious virus was detected in the nasopharynx. all samples with the rsv genome contained the mrna for interleukin-1 beta and -6 ...19938228363
[outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus at a neonatal intensive care unit in mexico city].rsv can be spread in hospital wards, being thus responsible for increased morbidity and mortality among infected patients. we describe an rsv outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). methods. as soon as the first rsv cases were detected in the nicu, every patient, as well as the personnel taking care of them, were tested; nasal washes for viral isolation, and nasopharyngeal swabs for viral antigen detection by immunofluorescence, were collected. results. twelve patients were hospitaliz ...19938216868
modulation of pp60v-src and pp60c-src expression in rous sarcoma virus-transformed hamster fibroblasts transfected with activated n-ras.three phenotypically different hamster cell lines transformed with rous sarcoma virus (rsv) were transfected with plasmid dna containing an activated n-ras oncogene, and nine clones expressing various levels of p21n-ras were characterized. we examined the effects of p21n-ras on expression and kinase activity of resident src proteins by using a variety of assays that allowed us to discriminate between viral and cellular src proteins. in eight clones with a 10- to 20-fold increase in p21n-ras leve ...19938216735
controlled trial to evaluate protection of high-risk infants against respiratory syncytial virus disease by using standard intravenous immune globulin.we performed a randomized, controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin (respiratory syncytial virus [rsv] neutralizing [nt] antibody titer of 1:950 in 5% solution) to evaluate protection against rsv-induced disease over two respiratory virus seasons. forty-nine children (mean age at enrollment, 4.5 months) with severe congenital heart disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia were randomized as follows. twenty-four patients were followed as controls and received no immune globulin. twenty-five p ...19938215279
vaccination with a heterologous respiratory syncytial virus chimeric fg glycoprotein demonstrates significant subgroup cross-reactivity.a subunit vaccine candidate, termed fg, is a chimeric glycoprotein composed of the extracellular domains of the fusion (f) glycoprotein and the attachment (g) glycoproteins of a subgroup a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). two subgroups, a and b, of rsv differ primarily within the g glycoprotein. therefore, it has been suggested that a subunit vaccine composed of the g glycoprotein would need to contain the g glycoproteins from both rsv subgroups. we have engineered a second chimeric glycoprote ...19938212825
linear antigenic and immunogenic regions of the respiratory syncytial virus p protein.three linear antigenic regions on the p protein from human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroup a (strain a2) were represented by peptides that reacted with monoclonal antibodies and with sera from humans with recent or previous rsv infection. the determinants were localized within three hydrophilic regions of the p protein: pro91 to asp110, ser161 to lys180 and glu221 to phe241. the role of individual amino acids in the epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies was determined. two monoclo ...19948207401
persistence of respiratory syncytial virus genome and protein after acute bronchiolitis in guinea pigs.children with acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis often develop sequelae of recurrent wheezing and asthma. to determine whether rsv persists within the lung after resolution of acute bronchiolitis, we examined the lungs of guinea pigs 60 days after intranasal inoculation with either human rsv (n = 10) or uninfected cell culture supernatant (n = 11). evidence of viral persistence within the lung was determined by viral culture to test for replicating virus, immunohistochemistry ...19948205887
respiratory syncytial virus infection in children.molecular epidemiologic studies have shown that during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemics several subgroups of viruses cocirculate. on the other hand, very similar strains can be found from widely separated countries at the same time. nosocomial outbreaks make no exception because multiple sources of virus have also been found within one outbreak. management of rsv infections has thus far varied largely but based on the recent reports some conclusions can be drawn. beta-sympathomimetics ...19948205168
ribavirin administration via scavenger vacuum systems in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). 19948201541
comparison of antibody concentrations and protective activity of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin and conventional immune globulin.relative to conventional immune globulins (ig, 13 lots), igs prepared from donors with high activity by microneutralization assay to respiratory syncytial virus (rsvig, 8 lots) had significantly higher neutralizing antibodies to 6 rsv strains (mean enrichment, 5.2-fold; range, 2.6- to 10.0-fold). in contrast, igg antibody concentrations to whole rsv, fusion protein, or glycoproteins of a and b strains were similar in rsvig and ig. treatment of cotton rats with rsvig at 0.5 g/kg 24 h before rsv c ...19948195619
in vitro and in vivo inhibition of ortho- and paramyxovirus infections by a new class of sulfonic acid polymers interacting with virus-cell binding and/or fusion.a series of sulfonic acid polymers were shown to be potent and selective inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus. the compounds inhibit the replication of rsv and influenza a virus in hela and mdck cells, at concentrations of 0.16 and 4.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, and are nontoxic to growing cells at concentrations of > 100 micrograms/ml. the mode of antiviral action of the sulfonic acid polymers can be ascribed to inhibition of virus-cell fusion (for influenza a ...19948192454
evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv): potential for bedside diagnosis.rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can assist clinicians in decisions regarding antiviral therapy with ribavirin as well as instituting infection control measures. the abbott testpack rsv is a rapid rsv detection immunoassay that can be performed on respiratory secretions in 20 to 30 minutes without special laboratory equipment. the purpose of this study was to evaluate housestaff performance of the testpack rsv at bedside as compared with laboratory testing of aliquo ...19948190574
temporal and spatial expression of lipospermine-compacted genes transferred into chick embryos in vivo.we have optimized a lipospermine-based transfection method for introducing genes into intact vertebrate embryos in vivo. the method employs small amounts of the cationic lipid transfectam (dogs), in a concentrated (40 mm) ethanolic solution, to compact and to transfer exogenous genes into chick embryos during the early stages of development (< 36 h of incubation). plasmid vectors containing the reporter gene luciferase were used to follow the time course of expression. luciferase activity was de ...19948185924
analysis of respiratory syncytial virus f, g, and sh proteins in cell fusion.recombinant expression of the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) glycoprotein, receptor-binding glycoprotein (g), and small hydrophobic (sh) protein was performed to determine the role(s) of these proteins in syncytia formation. these studies used a vaccinia virus expressing the bacteriophage (t7) rna polymerase gene and plasmid vectors containing the rsv genes under the control of a t7 promoter. within the context of this expression system, expression of any individual rsv gene, ...19948178462
synthesis and antiviral activities of 8-alkynyl-, 8-alkenyl-, and 8-alkyl-2'-deoxyadenosine analogues.palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 8-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine with terminal alkynes in the presence of copper(i) iodide in dimethylformamide resulted in a series of 8-(1-alkyn-1-yl)-2'-deoxyadenosines. hydrogenation of alkynyl derivatives over 10% pd/c under atmospheric pressure gave 8-n-alkyl analogues in nearly quantitative yields. on partial saturation of heptynyl, pentynyl, and propynyl derivatives over lindlar catalyst, the corresponding cis-olefins were obtained along with minor amounts ...19948176708
preparation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody that inhibits myoblast fusion of avian skeletal myoblasts.to investigate the mechanism of myoblast fusion using quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus (qm-rsv cells), we prepared monoclonal antibodies against a cell surface antigen involved in myogenic differentiation. for this, a balb/c mouse was immunized with the membrane fraction of qm-rsv cells, and hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies were raised by fusion of spleen cells from the immunized mouse with myeloma cells. by analysis of the hybridoma ...19948174634
salivary anti-rsv iga antibodies and respiratory infections during the first year of life in atopic and non-atopic infants.salivary siga antibodies against rs virus were studied in 105 children during the first year of life. the infants were divided into groups according to their risk of atopy. at birth 13 neonates showed measurable amounts of siga to rs virus. in another 26 children specific antibodies were detected but in concentrations too low for quantitative analysis. during the first year of life this increased to 29 antibody-positive samples with measurable amounts of antibody and 39 with concentrations too l ...19948173639
role of antibody and use of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immune globulin to prevent severe rsv disease in high-risk children.infants with cardiac disease or infants born prematurely with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia are at increased risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease. a recently developed rsv immune globulin (rsvig) was studied in a 3-year multicenter trial to determine safety and efficacy in the prevention of severe rsv disease in children who are at high risk of severe rsv illness. two hundred forty-nine children were studied; 102 had bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 87 had congenital heart ...19948169755
treatment and prevention options for respiratory syncytial virus infections.although the therapeutic antiviral agents ribavirin and amantadine ameliorate illness caused by influenza a and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children, these agents are used infrequently because they are not cost-effective. research currently is directed toward defining the high-risk groups for which these antiviral drugs should be used. treatment of severe respiratory infection with specific immune globulin, either alone or in combination with antiviral drugs, is another therapeutic appr ...19948169754
economic impact of viral respiratory disease in children.the single most important respiratory pathogen in infancy and early childhood is respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). approximately 40% of primary rsv infections in children result in lower respiratory tract disease. approximately 1% of rsv-infected children require hospitalization. especially in high-risk children, primary rsv infection results in significant morbidity and, sometimes, death. this high-risk group includes children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, children with congenital heart dis ...19948169753
the pulmonary immune response of balb/c mice vaccinated with the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus.we have investigated the efficacy of vaccination with the purified fusion (f) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) on aluminium hydroxide adjuvant in balb/c mice. the purpose of the study was to define the role of the local pulmonary mononuclear cell (pmc) infiltrate in the clearance of virus from the lower respiratory tract. balb/c mice immunized with f protein were able to inhibit the replication of virus in the lungs as early as 4 days after intranasal challenge. in contrast, unimmuni ...19948165859
alteration of in vitro dna synthesis in the alpha globin locus of chick embryo fibroblasts due to in vivo activity of rous sarcoma virus pp60src.globin gene transcription is activated in chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) transformed by rous sarcoma virus (rsv). to determine whether this activation is correlated with a change in the replication of the alpha d globin locus we used a nuclear runoff replication assay. density labeling of nuclei showed that replication of the alpha d globin gene in normal and rsv-transformed cef (rsv-cef) is in the transcriptional direction. however, in rsv-cef the signal from a specific restriction fragment bet ...19948165153
gene therapy for brain tumors: regression of experimental gliomas by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in vivo.the therapeutic efficacy of adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsv-tk) gene transduction of rat c6 glioma cells followed by ganciclovir (gcv) administration was studied in tumors generated in the brains of nude mice. c6 glioma cells were efficiently transduced in vitro by a replicative-defective recombinant adenovirus carrying the hsv-tk gene (adv/rsv-tk) that rendered them sensitive to gcv in a dose-dependent manner. tumors were generated by stereotaxic intracerebral inj ...19948159705
role of respiratory viral infection in sids: detection of viral nucleic acid by in situ hybridization.there is considerable evidence suggesting that respiratory viral infection is involved in the genesis of the sudden infant death syndrome (sids), with rates of about 20 per cent of sids victims compared to about 13 per cent of controls. since the techniques used previously are prone to under-reporting from autopsy material, non-isotopic in situ hybridization (nish) has been used to detect viral nucleic acid in lung in sids. forty-five sids cases (30 males) were examined (age range 3 weeks-14 mon ...19938158456
mutational analysis of the substrate binding pockets of the rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus-1 proteases.mutations, designed by analysis of the crystal structures of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) protease (pr), were introduced into the substrate binding pocket of rsv pr. the mutations substituted nonconserved residues of rsv pr, located within 10 a of the substrate, for those in structurally equivalent positions of hiv-1 pr. changes in the activity of purified mutants were detected in vitro by following cleavage of synthetic peptides representing wild-type ...19948157644
[thirty seven cases of respiratory syncytial virus infection hospitalised and 7 severe cases with apneic attacks].we studied 37 cases of respiratory syncytial virus infection hospitalized during the period january 1, 1989 and march 31, 1993. 37 patients were 0-4 years old on admission. fever, positive crp and elevation of bsg were frequent in patients aged 8 months-4 years old. patient more than 8 months of age didn't need supplementation of oxygen. of the 37 patients, we had one case who had hyponatremia and six cases who were admitted with severe apneic attacks required incubation. of the six cases, one p ...19948151149
induction of interferon in human leukocyte cultures by natural pathogenic respiratory viruses.some common viruses responsible for respiratory disease have been reported to be poor inducers of interferon (ifn). therefore, we have studied the induction of ifn in cultures of human leukocytes exposed under standardized conditions to various concentrations of adenovirus type 7a, coronavirus 229e, an influenza type a virus (h3n2), a rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). all five viruses induced substantial amounts of ifn at a multiplicity of infection of one infectious unit per ce ...19938151137
enhanced c-jun activity alters responsiveness to medroxyprogesterone acetate in ishikawa human endometrial carcinoma cells.the involvement of altered c-jun activity in medroxyprogesterone acetate (mpa)-induced growth responses in human endometrial carcinoma cells is examined in this paper. under conditions of mpa-induced growth inhibition, c-jun mrna and protein levels are decreased in ishikawa cells. this decrease is accompanied by an overall decrease in endogenous ap-1 activity in these cells. only a transient decrease in c-jun mrna level without any effect on endogenous ap-1 activity is seen in hec-50 human endom ...19938145769
[virus infections--disease manifestations and laboratory diagnosis. part 6: mumps virus--respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)]. 19948144123
two family outbreaks of chlamydia pneumoniae infection.during autumn 1992, we observed two unrelated family outbreaks of chlamydia pneumoniae infection. family a consisted of grandmother (aged 77 yrs), father (aged 41 yrs), mother (aged 38 yrs), daughter (aged 10 yrs), and two sons (aged 6 yrs and 3 months, respectively). the grandmother and daughter suffered from pneumonia, father from pharyngitis and bronchitis and the older son from mild bronchitis. no symptoms were recorded in the mother and younger son. symptomatic subjects showed a fourfold in ...19948143807
the role of rsv neutralizing antibodies in the treatment and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk children.studies assessing the use of rsv immune globulin in the treatment of rsv illness are not yet completed. however, a large multicenter trial demonstrated that prophylaxis with rsv immune globulin was safe and efficacious in prevention of serious rsv disease in high-risk infants. refinements in the practical application of rsvig are needed, as intravenous lines are difficult to place and maintain in these fragile infants. with the development of concentrated polyclonal and/or effective monoclonal a ...19948141588
respiratory syncytial virus vaccines: can we improve on nature?both inactivated and live rsv candidate vaccines will continue to be tested in infants and young children. sequential vaccination, with a first dose of live attenuated vaccine followed by boosting with intramuscular subunit vaccines, also is an option. we are encouraged by the fact that influenza subunit and cold-adapted live vaccines are both safe and immunogenic in infants and children of the same age group. testing of rsv vaccines must proceed at a slower pace because of the phenomenon of vac ...19938139872
rous sarcoma virus integrase protein: mapping functions for catalysis and substrate binding.rous sarcoma virus (rsv), like all retroviruses, encodes an integrase protein that is responsible for covalently joining the reverse-transcribed viral dna to host dna. we have probed the organization of functions within rsv integrase by constructing mutant derivatives and assaying their activities in vitro. we find that deletion derivatives lacking the amino-terminal 53 amino acids, which contain the conserved h-x(3-7)-h-x(23-32)-c-x(2)-c (hhcc) zn(2+)-binding motif, are greatly impaired in thei ...19948139006
[epidemiological study on respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections in northern hokkaido, japan].we carried out an epidemiological study on lower respiratory tract infections, concerning the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, in northern hokkaido, japan, during the 2-year-study period from april 1991 to march 1993. there were 467 hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections. we examined the presence of rsv antigen in their nasopharyngeal specimens of 456 out of 467 patients (97.6%) by enzyme immunoassay. the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was done by ...19948138666
respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children hospitalized with respiratory illness in riyadh.the occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among young children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract illness, at king khalid university hospital in riyadh, was examined during the autumn-winter season between september 1991 and february 1992. sixty-nine cases were diagnosed by immunofluorescent antibody staining of viral antigen in nasopharyngeal aspirates from 127 children, constituting 54 per cent of these patients. virus culture was attempted only in a few cases, yield ...19938133556
recurrent wheezing in children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in qatar.records of 70 infants admitted to hamad general hospital with rsv bronchiolitis and a similar number of controls were retrospectively reviewed. two years after admission, 44% of the infants with rsv bronchiolitis developed recurrent wheezing compared with only 12.9% of controls (p = 0.001). a family history of atopy appeared not to be a significant predisposing factor for the occurrence of recurrent wheezing in post rsv bronchiolitis patients. these results are similar to those from similar stud ...19938131799
antiviral activity of nerve growth factor in vitro.the antiviral activity of 'nerve growth factor' (ngf) on non-oncogenic dna, on rna viruses and on moloney sarcoma retrovirus was evaluated in vitro. ngf was active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and moloney sarcoma virus (msv) at non toxic concentrations. the effects of different treatment regimens on hsv-1 infections indicate that the inhibitory action of ngf occurs at the early stages of viral replication. no activity was noted against coxsacki ...19938131710
alteration of in vivo dna synthesis in the alpha globin locus of chick embryo fibroblasts due to in vivo activity of rous sarcoma virus pp60src.globin gene transcription is activated in chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) transformed by rous sarcoma virus (rsv). to determine whether this activation is correlated with a change in the replication of the alpha d globin locus we used a nuclear runoff replication assay. density labeling of nuclei showed that replication of the alpha d globin gene in normal and rsv-transformed cef (rsv-cef) is in the transcriptional direction. however, in rsv-cef the signal from a specific restriction fragment bet ...19948127691
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