Publications

molecular cloning of growth hormone encoding cdna of indian major carps by a modified rapid amplification of cdna ends strategy.	a modified rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) strategy has been developed for cloning highly conserved cdna sequences. using this modified method, the growth hormone (gh) encoding cdna sequences of labeo rohita, cirrhina mrigala and catla catla have been cloned, characterized and overexpressed in escherichia coli. these sequences show 96-98% homology to each other and are about 85% homologous to that of common carp. besides, an attempt has been made for the first time to describe a 3-d mode ...	2002	12089475
carp erythrocyte lipids as a potential target for the toxic action of zinc ions.	the effects of zinc on the lipid components of carp erythrocytes (cyprinus carpio l.) were studied on red blood cells exposed to znso4 (0.01-1 mm) for 20 h. the temperatures of the incubation medium were 5 and 20 degrees c for carp collected in winter and summer, respectively. it was observed that increase in the concentration of metal ions in the medium led to significant changes in the content of the main phospholipid classes. zinc induced the reduction of phosphatidylcholine as well as the in ...	2002	12084620
high glucuronidation activity of environmental estrogens in the carp (cyprinus carpino) intestine.	many adverse effects on carp reproductive organs have been reported to be caused by exposure to environmental estrogens, such as nonylphenol and bisphenol a, which contaminate the aquatic environment. the glucuronidation activities of xenoestrogens (bisphenol a and diethylstilbestrol) and phytoestrogens (coumestrol, genistein and biochanin a), but not nonylphenol and octylphenol, were observed in microsomes prepared from carp organs. the highest levels of glucuronidation of environmental estroge ...	2002	12084386
role of specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in protecting fish from viral infections.	we report the in vivo role of specific cytotoxic cells in protecting fish from acute viral infections. specifically, we found that (1) there is an inverse relationship between cytotoxic activities and viral load and (2) adoptive transfer of immune leukocytes prevented viral infection. crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv), which has a virulence to ginbuna crucian carp, was recently found and identified in japan. specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity of ginbuna leukocytes against chnv-in ...	2002	12083842
molecular variation of bothriocephalus acheilognathi yamaguti, 1934 (cestoda: pseudophyllidea) in different fish host species based on its rdna sequences.	the molecular variation in bothriocephalus acheilognathi yamaguti, 1934 from 11 species of freshwater fish collected in australia, china, the czech republic, england and hawaii was investigated by determining the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region. the length of the first and second internal transcribed spacer sequences of multiple individuals ranged from 553 to 571 bp and 553 to 615 bp, and the g + c content from 53.1 to 53.5%. the percentage sequence divergence vari ...	2002	12075148
immunization of goldfish with excretory/secretory molecules of trypanosoma danilewskyi confers protection against infection.	trypanosoma danilewskyi is a protozoan that lives in blood and other tissues of fish. in the aquaculture industry, economic losses may be substantial, since the prevalence of infection may approach 100% and the parasite may cause significant mortality in farmed carp. most of the surviving fish acquire resistance after elimination of the primary infection. in this study, we examined whether protection against infection could be induced in naïve goldfish immunized with excretory-secretory (es) pro ...	2002	12074929
flavobacterium columnare (flexibacter columnaris) associated with severe gill necrosis in koi carp (cyprinus carpio l).		2002	12074240
alterations in retinoids, tocopherol, and microsomal enzyme activities in the liver of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from ya-er lake, china.		2002	12068931
toxicity of chloroanilines and effects on superoxide dismutase activities in serum of crucian carp (carassius auratus).		2002	12068927
bioconcentration and depuration of pyribenzoxim in common carp (cyprinus carpio).		2002	12068925
[the effect of antifreeze glycoproteins on survival and quality of fish spermatozoa under the conditions of long-term storage at +4 degree c].	it was already shown that antifreeze glycoproteins isolated from the blood of fish occurring in circumpolar regions inhibited the growth of ice crystals both in vitro and in vivo. when the spermatozoa were frozen to liquid nitrogen temperature, addition of antifreeze glycoproteins to cryoconserving media made it possible to decrease twofold the concentration of the synthetic cryoprotector dimethylsulfoxide without the loss and even with a certain increase in the number of viable spermatozoa. thi ...	2016	12068444
acute lethal toxicity of environmental pollutants to aquatic organisms.	the acute lethal toxicity of environment pollutants including chlorophenol, haloalkane, quinone, and substituted nitrobenzene (i.e., nitrophenol, nitrobenzene, nitrotoluene, and aniline) compounds to aquatic organisms was determined. determination of toxicity of chemicals was performed with chlorella, daphnia, carp, and tilapia. the toxicity of chlorophenols had no relation to the number of chlorine atoms on the benzene ring, but monochlorophenol had lower activity than more chlorine-substituted ...	2002	12061826
differences between the european carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) and the coloured carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus) in susceptibility to thelohanellus nikolskii (myxosporea) infection.	thelohanellus nikolskii infection of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) has been a common parasitosis in the central european fish farms since the first detection of the parasite about 20 years ago. this parasite, introduced from the far east, causes intensive infection on the fins of fingerlings of the carp subspecies cultured in europe (european carp, cyprinus carpio carpio). this infection of the common carp occurs in the hungarian fish farms every year. until the present study, this parasi ...	2002	12061236
carp is a novel caspase recruitment domain containing pro-apoptotic protein.	many card-containing caspase mediators interact with card-containing caspases and participate in activation or suppression of caspases. we cloned a novel card-containing protein from our est database, named carp. computational characterization revealed that carp encoded 445 amino acids with predicted mw 49.7 kda, localized at chromosome 10p13 with 15 exons, and four putative function domains, one card domain (aa 160-243), one nuclear receptor-binding motif, two ef-hand motifs, and 42% alpha-heli ...	2002	12054670
cardiac ankyrin repeat protein, a negative regulator of cardiac gene expression, is augmented in human heart failure.	the technique of representational difference analysis of cdna has been applied to screen for differentially expressed genes in a canine model of pacing-induced heart failure. we identified the canine homolog of the cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) which has been shown to be involved in the regulation of the transcription of cardiac genes. to confirm the significance for human heart failure, cardiac tissue specimens obtained from non-failing donor hearts and from explanted hearts from patien ...	2002	12054667
organochlorine chemical residues in fish from the mississippi river basin, 1995.	fish were collected in late 1995 from 34 national contaminant biomonitoring program (ncbp) stations and 13 national water quality assessment program (nawqa) stations in the mississippi river basin (mrb) and in late 1996 from a reference site in west virginia. four composite samples, each comprising (nominally) 10 adult common carp (cyprinus carpio) or black bass (micropterus spp.) of the same sex, were collected from each site and analyzed for organochlorine chemical residues by gas chromatograp ...	2002	12045878
nuclear transplantation of somatic cells of transgenic red carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus).	nuclear transplantation was performed using kidney cells, tail fin cells and cultured tail fin cells of 18th passage of the f4 hgh gene transferred red carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus) as donors and the eggs of loach (misgurnus anguillicaudatus) of huanghe carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus) as recipients. using loach unfertilized eggs as recipients 0.33% of reconstructed embryos developed in to neural plate from kidney cells, and 0.1% of reconstructed embryos developed in to muscular react ...	2002	12043567
metal speciation dynamics and bioavailability: zn(ii) and cd(ii) uptake by mussel (mytilus edulis) and carp (cyprinus carpio).	in the analysis of metal biouptake from complexing environments, both chemical speciation and biological uptake characteristics have to be taken into account. the commonly used free ion activity model is based on equilibrium speciation and implies that diffusion of the bioactive free metal toward the organism is not rate-limiting. in the presence of complexes, however, sufficiently labile species might contribute to the biouptake via preceding dissociation. coupling of the ensuing diffusional ma ...	2002	12038825
characterization of immunoglobulin light chain isotypes in the common carp.	two or three isotypes of immunoglobulin (ig) light (l) chain have been demonstrated in several teleost species thus far. a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) strategy was used with the aim of isolating cdna clones encoding igl chain from the common carp ( cyprinus carpio. l.) different from the previously isolated isotype, designated l1a. cdna clones representing two novel isotypes, designated l1b and l3, were obtained in this study. for cl segments, l1b sequences were simi ...	2002	12037604
the immune responses of common carp, cyprinus carpio l., injected with carp interleukin-1beta gene.	the function of the common carp, cyprinus carpio l., interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) gene was studied by dna injection. to investigate the immune responses to il-1beta, a plasmid construct of cytomegalovirus (cmv)-driven carp il-1beta was injected into the epaxial muscle of carp. il-1beta protein expressed in serum on 1, 3, and 5 days after plasmid injection was quantified by elisa and immunohistochemistry. il1-beta gene injection increased proliferation of the lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin (ph ...	2002	12034023
effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on growth hormone secretion and gene expression in common carp pituitary.	using radioimmuno- and ribonuclease protection assays, we examined the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its analogs on the growth hormone mrna level and growth hormone secretion in common carp (cyprinus carpio) pituitary fragments with static incubation. after a 24 h treatment, sgnrh ([trp(7),leu(8)]-lhrh) and sgnrh-a ([d-arg(6),pro(9)]-lhrh) (0.1 nm-1 microm) elevated the gh mrna level and stimulated the gh secretion in a dose-dependent manner, with a higher potency for sgnrh-a. in ...	2002	12031458
molecular cloning of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) eggshell zona radiata protein complementary dna: mrna expression in 17beta-estradiol- and nonylphenol-treated fish.	a complementary dna (cdna) encoding the eggshell zona radiata protein (rbtzr: af407574) has been cloned from the liver of estradiol-17beta (e(2))-treated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). a set of degenerate primers homologous to the highly conserved cysteine-rich region of the zona radiata protein gene from salmon, winter flounder, medaka and carp were used for the initial rt-pcr. the resulting pcr product was cloned, sequenced and ...	2002	12031456
diversity of complement factor b/c2 in the common carp (cyprinus carpio): three isotypes of b/c2-a expressed in different tissues.	complement factor b and c2 are two critical proteases for complement activation. some bony fish have been reported to possess duplicated genes for b/c2, but there is no direct evidence regarding possible functional divergence. here, we report the isolation of the second and third isotypes of carp b/c2-a, a close relative of other bony fish b reported to date, and designated b/c2-a2 and b/c2-a3. b/c2-a1 (previously reported b/c2-a) and b/c2-a2 share 78% amino acid identity and are synthesized mai ...	2002	12031413
immunocytochemical localization of growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptide in the brain of the tiger frog, rana tigrina.	using antisera directed against carp growth hormone-releasing hormone (cghrh), we found more extensive brain distribution of ghrh-like immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the tiger frog, rana tigrina, than reported in previous studies, which employed mammalian ghrh antibodies. in the telencephalon, ghrh-ir perikarya were present in the pallium dorsale, pallium laterale (pars dorsalis and pars ventralis), pallium mediale, nucleus entopeduncularis, amygdala pars medialis, and in the ventral portion of ...	2002	12030776
a homolog of mammalian prl-releasing peptide (fish arginyl-phenylalanyl-amide peptide) is a major hypothalamic peptide of prl release in teleost fish.	two prl-releasing peptides (prrp20 and prrp31) were recently identified from mammalian hypothalamus by an orphan receptor strategy, and a c-terminal rf (arginyl-phenylalamyl-) amide peptide (rfa), structurally related to mammalian prrp, was also identified from the brain of the japanese crucian carp (c-rfa) by an intestine-contracting assay. however, to date there have been no reported studies that have examined the prl-releasing effects of rfa in fish. in the present study we determined the cdn ...	2002	12021171
the nuclear export signal (nes) found in the amino-terminal region of carp mek1 and mkk6 is lacking in carp mkk4.	carp mkk4 (cmkk4) cdna was isolated from an ovary cdna library. cmkk4 mrna was ubiquitously distributed in various tissues of adult carp. sequence analysis revealed that cmkk4 lacks a nuclear export signal sequence, unlike mammalian and frog meks (erk activator) and cmkk6 (carp p38 activator), where it plays an important role in anchoring these map kinase activators to the cytoplasm. cmkk4 protein was found to be diffused throughout the cell, whereas cmek1 and cmkk6 proteins were seen exclusivel ...	2002	12020830
pcr-cloning and gene expression studies in common carp (cyprinus carpio) insulin-like growth factor-ii.	insulin-like growth factor-ii (igf-ii) is a member of a growth factor family related to fetal growth in mammals but its physiological role has not been clearly identified in fish. in teleosts, the basic mechanism of the growth hormone (gh)-igf axis is known to be operative but in a different manner. for instance, igf-i exhibits gh dependence whereas for igf-ii, its gh dependence varies in different fish species. in this study, we used polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to obtain a common carp igf-i ...	2002	12020820
production of short-chain fatty acids and gas from various oligosaccharides by gut microbes of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in micro-scale batch culture.	we studied the metabolism of various oligosaccharides by carp (cyprinus carpio) hindgut microbes by measuring gas productivity and organic acid production in gut contents using a 50-microl-scale batch culture system. carp hindgut contents were incubated with 500 microg each of raffinose, lactosucrose, kestose, lactulose, gentiobiose, 4'-galactosyllactose and 6'-galactosyllactose and soybean-, xylo-, and isomalto-oligosaccharides or none (blank culture) at 25 degrees c for 6 h. the time-course of ...	2002	12020649
[comparative studies on gene expression of isozymes in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp during embryogenesis].	isozyme zymograms of esterase (est), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and superoxide dismutase (sod) were analysed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis at different developmental stages of embryogenesis in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp embryos, including haploids, diploids, natural triploids, and multiple tetraploids, and 2 types of haploid and diploid common carp embryos. haploid embryos of crucian carp (carassius auratus) and common carp (cyprinus carp ...	1998	12016959
acute immunotoxicity of gallium to carp (cyprinus carpio l.).		2002	12012056
bioavailability of waterborne strontium to the common carp, cyprinus carpio, in complexing environments.	the uptake of strontium (sr) and calcium (ca) in the common carp, cyprinus carpio, was studied in chemically defined freshwater in the presence of the complexing ligands, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta), and nitrilotriacetic acid (nta). the uptake rates were measured in the whole body, gills, and blood of the fish after an exposure period of 3 h. the uptake rates were determined by using the radiotracers (85)sr and (45)ca, and analyzed as a function of the free-ion activity of sr and ca i ...	2002	12007876
the alarm reaction in crucian carp is mediated by olfactory neurons with long dendrites.	in the present study, we applied a lipophilic tracer, dil (1,1-dilinoleyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate), to the synaptic region of the medial olfactory bulb in formaldehyde-fixed preparations from the crucian carp. we observed staining both in the axons of secondary neurons leading to the brain and in the olfactory receptor neurons (orns) of the olfactory epithelium. in those preparations, where staining of the tract was restricted to axons of the medial part of the medial o ...	2002	12006379
initial characteristics of koi herpesvirus and development of a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the virus in koi, cyprinus carpio koi.	since 1998, episodes of mass mortality have occurred in populations of common carp cyprinus carpio carpio in israel and in populations of koi cyprinus carpio koi in israel and the usa. a herpesvirus isolated from infected fish has been shown in experimental studies to induce disease and mortality similar to those observed in outbreaks at infected farms. initial characteristics of the virus show that it is clearly different from herpesvirus cyprini (chv), the most commonly known herpesvirus from ...	2002	12005231
vitellogenin induction in cyprinus carpio treated with 17beta-estradiol and 4-nonylphenol.	the aim of the present study was to demonstrate induction of vitellogenin in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) as a biomarker for monitoring freshwater ecosystems. sexually undifferentiated specimens of common carp were treated experimentally with 17beta-estradiol and increasing doses of 4-nonylphenol and levels of plasma vtg were measured in order to: 1) validate an elisa assay for plasma vtg in the common carp using the polyclonal rabbit anti-salmon vtg antibody aa1 (biosense, norway); 2) chec ...	2002	12004977
arpp, a new homolog of carp, is preferentially expressed in type 1 skeletal muscle fibers and is markedly induced by denervation.	in this study, we isolated and characterized a murine counterpart of the human arpp (harpp) gene. sequence analysis revealed that the murine arpp (marpp) gene is almost identical to the ankrd2 gene, which has recently been isolated as a mouse gene induced in stretched skeletal muscle. the marpp gene encodes a protein of 332 amino acids that contains four well-conserved ankyrin-repeat domains in the central portion of the protein. the amino acid sequence of marpp protein (marpp) is highly homolog ...	2002	12004005
carp, a cardiac ankyrin-repeated protein, and its new homologue, arpp, are differentially expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, and rhabdomyosarcomas.	arpp, a protein containing an ankyrin repeat domain, pest sequence, and proline-rich region, is a novel ankyrin-repeated protein highly homologous to carp, which is proposed to be the putative genetic marker for cardiac hypertrophy. in this study, we comparatively analyzed expression of arpp and carp protein in skeletal and cardiac muscles and rhabdomyosarcomas (rmss). in adult skeletal muscle, arpp was preferentially expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of type i fibers, whereas carp was bare ...	2002	12000728
combined effects of cadmium and composted manure to aquatic organisms.	to evaluate the interactive toxicity of cadmium (cd) and composted manure to aquatic organisms 96 h static bioassays were conducted in the laboratory with fry of common carp (cyprinus carpio), copepod (diaptomusforbesi) and oligochaete worm (branchiura sowerbyi). five concentrations of composted manure (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 6.7 g/l) were prepared from the aquatic weed, pistia stratiotes and each of them was combined with several concentrations of cd to determine 96 h lc-50 values of cd for the ...	2002	11999773
gonadotropin response to gnrh during sexual ontogeny in the common carp, cyprinus carpio.	this study was designed to reveal whether gonadotropic response to gnrh in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) changes during sexual ontogeny and whether the response of fshbeta and lhbeta subunits is uniform or differential. the study comprised fish at the following stages: juveniles (4-month-old females with primary oocytes and early spermatogenic males); maturing (9-month-old previtellogenic females and advanced spermatogenic males); and mature (16-month-old postvitellogenic females and spermia ...	2002	11997206
short-term responses of oryzias latipes (pisces: adrianichthyidae) and macrobrachium nipponense (crustacea: palaemonidae) to municipal and pharmaceutical waste water in beijing, china: survival, behaviour, biochemical biomarkers.	whole effluent toxicity was assessed for the fish oryzias latipes and the prawn macrobrachium nipponense for 18 h in a dilution series (0-66%) of the inflow and effluent of a municipal waste water treatment plant as well as waste water from a teramycin producing pharmaceutical industry, before, during and after a pilot laboratory purification process. the waste waters caused acute toxicity as measured by inhibition of light emission in the luminiscent bacterium vibrio qingaiensis sp. nov. (q67). ...	2002	11996134
effects of waterborne exposure to 4-nonylphenol on plasma sex steroid and vitellogenin concentrations in sexually mature male carp (cyprinus carpio).	4-nonylphenol (np) has been shown to elicit estrogenic responses both in vivo and in vitro. the mechanism by which np exerts estrogenic and other endocrine-modulating effects in vivo remains unclear, however. the goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of np to elicit estrogenic responses through indirect mechanisms of action involving the modulation of endogenous steroid hormone concentrations. sexually mature male common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to aqueous np concentrations r ...	2002	11996132
synthetic musks in the environment. part 2: enantioselective transformation of the polycyclic musk fragrances hhcb, ahtn, ahdi, and atii in freshwater fish.	a method for the enantioselective separation of the chiral polycyclic musks hhcb, ahtn, ahdi, and atii is presented. eighteen fish samples (rudd, tench, crucian carp, eel) and one pooled zebra mussel sample from the pond of a municipal sewage treatment plant were investigated with regard to their concentrations and the enantiomeric ratios (ers) of polycyclic musks. in addition, three water samples taken at the effluent of the sewage plant, as well as two water samples and two series of semiperme ...	2002	11994786
synthetic musks in the environment. part 1: species-dependent bioaccumulation of polycyclic and nitro musk fragrances in freshwater fish and mussels.	bioaccumulation of polycyclic musks (hhcb, ahtn) and nitro musks (musk xylene, musk ketone, and their amino metabolites) in aquatic biota was investigated by analyzing 18 fish samples (rudd, tench, crucian carp, eel) and 1 pooled zebra mussel sample from the pond of a municipal sewage treatment plant. furthermore, water samples taken at the effluent of the sewage plant as well as water samples and two series of semipermeable membrane devices (spmds) from the pond were included. this comprehensiv ...	2002	11994785
in vivo and in vitro modulation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) phagocyte oxidative burst activity by gallium.	since gallium is a metal ion used in semiconductor industry, the toxicological effects were previously evaluated in mammals but the ecotoxicological impacts remain unknown. in term of ecotoxicological risk assessment, the median lethal concentration (lc50 for 96 h of gallium to carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and the oxidative response of carp phagocytes after the fish were exposed to sublethal levels of gallium were determined. the lc50 of gallium on c. carpio at 96 h was estimated as 96.25 +/- 14.3 ...	2002	11991633
aquacultural and socio-economic aspects of processing carps into some value-added products.	carps are the mainstay of indian aquaculture, contributing over 90% to the total fish production, which was estimated to be 1.77 million metric tonnes in 1996. carp culture has a great potential for waste utilization and thus for pollution abatement. many wastes such as cow, poultry, pig, duck, goat, and sheep excreta, biogas slurry, effluents from different kinds of factories/industries have been efficiently used for enhancing the productivity of natural food of carps and related species. besid ...	2002	11991079
the effects of naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, on plasma lh levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	naltrexone-an opioid receptor antagonist, was administered intraperitoneally to sexually mature male and female common carp in the prespawning period, in order to investigate its effects on spontaneous or sgnrh-a-stimulated lh secretion. naltrexone and sgnrh-a were injected at the same time. the possible involvement of a dopaminergic system in this process was studied in males pre-treated with pimozide (a dopamine receptor antagonist) 12 h before naltrexone and/or sgnrh-a administration. blood s ...	2002	11976056
recombinant carp parvalbumin, the major cross-reactive fish allergen: a tool for diagnosis and therapy of fish allergy.	ige-mediated reactions to fish allergens represent one of the most frequent causes of food allergy. we have constructed an expression cdna library from carp (cyprinus carpio) muscle in phage lambda gt11 and used serum ige from a fish allergic patient to isolate 33 cdna clones that coded for two parvalbumin isoforms (cyp c 1.01 and cyp c 1.02) with comparable ige binding capacities. both isoforms represented calcium-binding proteins that belonged to the beta-lineage of parvalbumins. the cyp c 1.0 ...	2002	11971005
carp ovarian cystatin binds and agglutinates spermatozoa via electrostatic interaction.	a sperm-agglutinating factor was purified from ovulated carp eggs and the conditioned medium (cm) of cortical-reacted eggs. it was identified to be the carp ovarian cystatin. three cystatin isoforms were found. the cystatin isolated from the cm had a higher sperm-agglutinating activity than that isolated from eggs, although the cystatins have identical n-terminal amino acid sequences, masses, and positive charges. differences in sperm-agglutinating activity between the cystatins of the cm and eg ...	2002	11967193
[nadph-diaphorase in the olfactory system of the carp cyprinus carpio].		2006	11966211
fiber connections of the nucleus isthmi in the carp (cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (oreochromis niloticus).	the nucleus pretectalis (np) is a prominent nucleus in the percomorph pretectum and has been shown to project to the nucleus isthmi in the filefish by an hrp tract-tracing method [ito et al., 1981], but a homologous nucleus to the np is apparently lacking in ostariophysans. the present study examined fiber connections of the nucleus isthmi in an ostariophysan teleost, the carp (cyprinidae, cyprinus carpio), to identify a nucleus homologous to the percomorph nucleus pretectalis. identical studies ...	2001	11964496
[ph of the gill micro-environment of cyprinus carpio and its effect on the desorption of adsorbed cu].	ph and co2 content differences between fish(cyprinus carpio) gills micro-environment and the ambient environment were investigated using the technique developed by playle. the effect of the ph change on elutriation of copper sorbed on gibbsite was also studied in view of possible desorption of the metal within the gill micro-environment. it was found that there was no ph difference around ph 8.0 and 0.2-0.4 unit difference was observed between the gills' inspired and the expired water when the a ...	2002	11962309
[effect of bacterial infection on the lipid composition of carp blood lymphocytes].	the initial stage of bacterial infection is characterized by an increase in the level of total lipids and polyenoic fatty acids in membrane phospholipids of blood lymphocytes of carp (cyprinus carpio l.). in the fish infected with aeromonads, changes in the ratios of fatty acids in phospholipids are similar for either lymphocytes, liver, or whole blood. the extent to which these changes are pronounced depends on the original physiological status of the fish.	2002	11962218
effects of primary exposure to environmental and natural estrogens on vitellogenin production in carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatocytes.	vitellogenin (vtg) is a precursor of the yolk proteins lipovitelline and phosvitin and is synthesized as a consequence of estrogen-dependent gene expression in female and male hepatocytes of egg-laying vertebrates. freshly isolated carp hepatocytes of a genetically uniform strain of adult male carp (cyprinus carpio) were used to investigate the effects of primary exposure to estrogenic compounds on the vitellogenic response to xenoestrogens. isolated carp hepatocytes were first exposed (primary ...	2002	11961218
novel aeromonas hydrophila ppd134/91 genes involved in o-antigen and capsule biosynthesis.	the sequences of the o-antigen and capsule gene clusters of the virulent aeromonas hydrophila strain ppd134/91 were determined. the o-antigen gene cluster is 17,296 bp long and comprises 17 genes. seven pathway genes for the synthesis of rhamnose and mannose, six transferase genes, one o unit flippase gene, and one o-antigen chain length determinant gene were identified by amino acid sequence similarity. pcr and southern blot analysis were performed to survey the distribution of these 17 genes a ...	2002	11953367
restricted flexibility of carp 15 s immunoglobulin molecules as revealed by fluorescence polarisation.		1972	11946836
[intracellular potential changes in crucian carps mauthner cells evoked by vagal sensory inputs].	in the present experiments, microelectrode recording technique was used to explore the electrophysiological properties of mauthner cells (m-cells) with stimuli applied to the right vagus. direct stimulation of the right vagus evoked short-latency, long-lasting, graded, and complex postsynaptic potentials (psps) on both mauthner cell bodies in crucian carp, which are stimulus strength- and frequency- dependent. the evoked psps reduced the amplitudes of the antidromic action potentials. after intr ...	2001	11930200
speciation and bioavailability of edta complexed copper in the microenvironment of fish gills.	carp were exposed to a synthetic solution with varied concentrations of cu-edta and constant levels of other copper species and the amount of copper accumulated in the fish gills was measured. the distributions of copper species in both the bulk solution and the fish gill microenvironment were modeled using minteqa2. under experimental conditions without edta, cu(oh)2 was the most dominant species in the bulk solution while cu-mucus dominated the gill microenvironment. when cu-edta was added to ...	2002	11929072
expression, purification and dna-binding activity of tilapia muscle-specific transcription factor, myod, produced in escherichia coli.	myod is one of several helix-loop-helix proteins regulating muscle-specific gene expression. using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 5'-rapid cdna end amplification, and plaque hybridization, myod cdna was cloned from the mrna of tilapia dorsal skeletal muscle. the 1015 bp myod cdna product contained an 846 bp open reading frame with flanking regions of 115 and 64 bp at the 5'- and 3'-ends, respectively. results showed that the tilapia myod sequence, which includes one polypepti ...	2002	11923092
influence of hyperosmotic shrinkage and beta-adrenergic stimulation on red blood cell volume regulation and oxygen binding properties in rainbow trout and carp.	whole blood from rainbow trout and carp was subjected to hyperosmotic shock and subsequent beta-adrenergic stimulation (isoprenaline) at different oxygen tension ( po(2)) and carbon dioxide tension ( pco(2)) levels with the aim to evaluate changes in red blood cell (rbc) volume, ph and ion concentrations and their ultimate effect on blood o(2) transport characteristics. hyperosmolality (addition of nacl) induced rbc shrinkage, which was followed by a regulatory volume increase (rvi) that was lar ...	2002	11919706
cardiorespiratory responses of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) to severe hypoxia at three acclimation temperatures.	in vivo measurements of the cardiovascular responses of anoxia-tolerant teleosts to severe prolonged hypoxia are limited. here, we report the first direct measurements of cardiac output (q), heart rate (f(h)) and stroke volume during prolonged severe hypoxia (<0.3 mg o(2) l(-1)) in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) that had been acclimated to 6, 10 and 15 degrees c. while routine q and f(h) values varied with temperature under normoxic conditions (q(10) values of 1.7 and 2.6, respectively), sever ...	2002	11914384
seasonal short-term effects of naltrexone on lh secretion in male carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	in order to evaluate the influence of the season (the stage of gonad maturity) on the modulatory role of endogenous opioid peptides in lh secretion in fish, sexually mature male carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were intravenously injected with naltrexone-opioid receptor antagonist (5 or 50 microg kg(-1)) in the period of natural spawning (june) or gonad recrudescence (december). moreover, the possible involvement of the dopaminergic system was studied in fish pre-treated with pimozide (dopamine recepto ...	2002	11912062
effect of tributyltin on adenylate content and enzyme activities of teleost sperm: a biochemical approach to study the mechanisms of toxicant reduced spermatozoa motility.	the effects of tributyltin (tbt) on the energy metabolism and motility of fish spermatozoa were investigated in vitro in african catfish and common carp. a significant (p<0.05) decrease of the duration and the intensity of motility was observed in catfish spermatozoa exposed to 0.27 microg/l tbt for 24 h. exposure of catfish spermatozoa to 2.7-27 microg/l tbt caused an instant decrease in atp content. in the presence of 27 microg/l tbt approximately 55% of the initial atp concentration in catfis ...	2002	11912058
freshwater pollution biomarker: response of brain acetylcholinesterase activity in two fish species.	the effect of prolonged exposure at two sites along the reconquista river (argentina), a highly polluted peri-urban water body, on brain acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7, acetylcholine acetylhydrolase) of two teleosts was examined. caged cyprinus carpio and field-captured cnesterodon decemmaculatus were used as sentinel organisms. eserine concentration inhibiting 50% of ache activity (ic50) and inhibition kinetic parameters were also evaluated. interspecies ic50 differences were found to a ...	2002	11912052
effects of cypermethrin on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of the freshwater fish, oreochromis niloticus and cyprinus carpio (l.).		2001	11911634
the epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (iridoviridae) induces apoptosis in vitro.	the epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) is an iridovirus causing severe disease in different fish species. we investigated the induction of apoptosis during ehnv infection of the epithelioma carp papulosum (epc) cell line. apoptosis reveals several characteristic morphological changes, such as chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, cytoplasm membrane disorientation, or mitochondrial changes. during ehnv infection of epc cells the occurrence of apoptosis was analysed using a fl ...	2002	11911588
copper speciation and accumulation in the gill microenvironment of carp ( cyprinus carpio) in the presence of kaolin particles.	carp were exposed to copper adsorbed on kaolin particles at various concentrations (0-2.4 mg/l), and net accumulation due to elevated adsorbed copper in the surrounding water was observed. copper speciation in the water and fish gill microenvironment was modeled in the presence and absence of kaolin using a chemical speciation program (minteqa2). the adsorption affinity constants of kaolin for copper at various ph values used in the speciation calculations were experimentally determined, and the ...	2002	11910461
activation of carp leukocytes by a galactose-binding protein from aphanomyces piscicida.	this study demonstrated that a galactose-binding protein (gbp) produced by a fish pathogenic water mold, aphanomyces piscicida, activates carp leukocytes. leukocytes were separated from the head kidney and peripheral blood using percoll density centrifugation. a flow cytometric analysis revealed that gbp binds with many cells and a variety of cell types including lymphocytes, granulocytes and thrombocytes. intracellular calcium flux of the peripheral blood leukocytes induced by stimulation with ...	2002	11906725
cloning and expression pattern of the lysozyme c gene in zebrafish.	here, we report isolation and developmental expression pattern of the zebrafish lysozyme c gene. amino acid sequence analysis showed that the zebrafish lysozyme c protein shared approximately 37-80% identities with the mouse, human, chicken, and carp counterparts. whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that the lysozyme c gene was expressed in macrophages, as its expression was co-localized with the known myeloid lineage markers l-plastin and pu.1. at 20 hours postfertilization (hpf), most of ...	2002	11900976
determination of the complete genomic sequence and analysis of the gene products of the virus of spring viremia of carp, a fish rhabdovirus.	the complete genome of spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) was cloned and the sequence of 11019 nucleotides was determined. it contains five open reading frames (orf's) encoding for the nucleoprotein n; phosphoprotein p; matrix protein m; glycoprotein g; and the viral rna dependent rna polymerase l. genes are organised in the order typical for rhabdoviruses: 3'-n-p-m-g-l-5'. the short leader and trailer regions of svcv exhibit inverse complementarity and are similar to the respective 3' and 5' e ...	2002	11900842
[increase in brain activity of the carp cyprinus carpio during visual deafferentation].		2013	11898603
upper extremity infections following common carp fish (cyprinus carpio) handling.	upper extremity infection caused by aquatic pathogens on fish is a well recognized clinical entity. we report five consecutive cases of upper extremity infections, ranging from a simple localized reaction to a life-threatening systemic illness, which developed after handling common carp fish (cyprinus carpio). in four cases, infection occurred following a penetrating injury by either the bones or the fin spines of the fish. vibrio vulnificus was isolated from wound aspirates in four cases. early ...	2002	11895351
detection of cytogenetic alterations and blood cell changes in natural populations of carp.	a field study was conducted to investigate the appearance of alterations in the peripheral blood cells of wild populations of fish. two aspects were evaluated: the appearance of cytogenetic effects, measured as increases on micronuclei frequencies, and the appearance of haematological effects by checking changes in the relative proportion of the different blood cell types. for this purpose common carp (cyprinus carpio) were caught from four areas along a spanish river. three areas were located u ...	2002	11895014
role of nitric oxide in control of light adaptive cone photomechanical movements in retinas of lower vertebrates: a comparative species study.	the possible role of nitric oxide (no) as a novel light adaptive neuromodulator of cone plasticity (photomechanical movements) in retinae of two contrasting species of fish (freshwater carp and marine bream) and an example of an amphibian (xenopus laevis) was studied pharmacologically by cytomorphometric measurements. application of a no donor [s-nitroso-n-acetyl-d, l-penicillamine] (500-700 microm) to dark-adapted retinae induced contraction of cones with an efficiency (ce) relative to full lig ...	2002	11890744
cloning of a novel rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cc chemokine with a fractalkine-like stalk and a tnf decoy receptor using cdna fragments containing au-rich elements.	an activation-specific cdna library was made from phytohaemagglutinin (pha)-activated haematopoietic cells of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using the technique of suppression subtractive hybridization. several immune system genes were identified, including an interleukin (il)1 receptor related protein and two invariant chain-like proteins. many clones showed no similarity by blast search, but had au-rich elements. these fragments were labelled and used for hybridization with a pha-acti ...	2002	11886174
zebrafish as a model for vertebrate reproduction: characterization of the first functional zebrafish (danio rerio) gonadotropin receptor.	vertebrate reproduction is tightly regulated by conserved glycoprotein hormones produced by the pituitary gland. follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) in tetrapods and gonadotropic hormone i (gth-i) in fishes are orthologous glycoprotein hormones that control the timing of egg production and the number of eggs produced. zebrafish, a well-established genetic model for developmental biology, also offers potential advantages for studies of reproductive toxicology, especially for modeling the impact of ...	2002	11884080
isolation and characterization of a homologue of mammalian prolactin-releasing peptide from the tilapia brain and its effect on prolactin release from the tilapia pituitary.	in the tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus), as in many teleosts, prolactin (prl) plays a major role in osmoregulation in freshwater. recently, prl-releasing peptides (prrps) have been characterized in mammals. independently, a novel c-terminal rf (arginine-phenylalanine) amide peptide (carrasius rf amide; c-rfa), which is structurally related to mammalian prrps, has been isolated from the brain of the japanese crucian carp. the putative prrp was purified from an acid extract of tilapia brain by af ...	2002	11884078
molecular cloning of growth hormone-encoding cdna of an indian major carp, labeo rohita, and its expression in escherichia coli and zebrafish.	the cdna clones encoding for growth hormone (gh) of an indian major carp rohu labeo rohita were isolated from a cdna library constructed from the poly(a)(+) rna extracted from the pituitary glands of rohu. partial gh cdna of the rohu (3'-end) was amplified by rt-pcr and used as probe to screen the cdna library. full-length gh-specific cdna clones (1180 bp) were isolated and sequenced. the sequence contains 48-bp 5'-noncoding region followed by an orf of 621 bp and a 3'-noncoding region of 521 bp ...	2002	11884069
hematological effects of high dose of cortisol on the carp (cyprinus carpio l.): cortisol effect on the carp blood.	the level of circulating cortisol and peripheral blood parameters were determined in carp age 2 years (k(2)) 24, 72, and 216 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of a high dose (200 mg x kg(-1) body wt) of hydrocortisone. the most striking effect of cortisol was manifest as a significant change in the percentage composition of leukocytes, whose number per unit volume of blood remained relatively constant. a profound lymphopenia and eosinopenia were compensated for in the general balance by ...	2002	11884063
[on the development of body-wall musculature diplostomum chromatophorum metacercariae (trematoda: diplostomidae)].	the body-wall musculature of invasive cercariae and metacercariae of diplostomum chromatophorum at different intervals after the penetration into the experimental intermediate host cyprinus carpio (1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 20, 34, 40 days) has been investigated with the help of tem technique. during the first 10 days after the invasion (in conditions of our experiment), the cercarial subtegumental muscle fibres degenerate. these muscles are replaced by newly formed ones. mass differentiation of my ...	2007	11881137
selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in california.	selenium contamination represents one of the few clear cases where environmental pollution has led to devastation of wildlife populations, most notably in agricultural drainage evaporation and power plant coal-fly ash receiving ponds. complex biogeochemistry, in particular extensive biotransformations and foodchain transfer, governs se ecotoxicology and toxicology, for which the mechanism(s) are still elusive. however, total waterborne se concentration has been widely used as a criterion for reg ...	2002	11879939
solution structures of a 30-residue amino-terminal domain of the carp granulin-1 protein and its amino-terminally truncated 3-30 subfragment: implications for the conformational stability of the stack of two beta-hairpins.	carp granulins are members of an emerging class of proteins with a sequence motif encoding a parallel stack of two to four beta-hairpins. the carp granulin-1 protein forms a stack of four beta-hairpins, whereas its amino-terminal fragment appears to adopt a very stable stack of two beta-hairpins in solution. here we determined a refined three-dimensional structure of this peptide fragment to examine potential conformational changes compared with the full-length protein. the structures were calcu ...	2002	11870861
the effects of 3-methylcholanthrene on macrophage respiratory burst and biotransformation activities in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the sensitivity of phagocytic cell function as a bioindicator of pollution stress by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was evaluated in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l). the time course response of the head-kidney macrophage respiratory burst was measured 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of a prototypical cyp 1a inducer (3-methylcholanthrene). this immune activity was compared to the rate of induction of total cytochrome p450, ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase activity (erod) a ...	2002	11866128
the effect of dietary immunomodulation upon edwardsiella tarda vaccination in healthy and immunocompromised indian major carp (labeo rohita).	in order to determine the impact on disease resistance of four dietary immunomodulators viz., beta-1,3 glucan, levamisole, vitamins c and e, in an important farmed indian major carp species, rohu (labeo rohita ham.), fish were fed diets containing various levels of these substances during a 60 day trial. aflatoxin b1 (afb,) at 125 mg kg(-1) body weight was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into fish to induce an immunosuppressive state on the first day of the experiment in some individuals. the ...	2002	11866127
heterologous exchanges of the glycoprotein and the matrix protein in a novirhabdovirus.	infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) are two salmonid rhabdoviruses replicating at low temperatures (14 to 20 degrees c). both viruses belong to the novirhabdovirus genus, but they are only distantly related and do not cross antigenically. by using a recently developed reverse-genetic system based on ihnv (s. biacchesi et al., j. virol. 74:11247-11253, 2000), we investigated the ability to exchange ihnv glycoprotein g with that of vhsv. thu ...	2002	11861855
isolation and characterisation of rhabdovirus from wild common bream abramis brama, roach rutilus rutilus, farmed brown trout salmo trutta and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in northern ireland.	rhabdovirus was isolated from wild common bream abramis brama during a disease outbreak with high mortality in northern ireland during may 1998. rhabdovirus was also isolated at the same time from healthy farmed rainbow oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta on the same stretch of river and 11 mo later from healthy wild bream and roach rutilus rutilus in the same river system. experimental intra-peritoneal infection of bream and mirror carp cyprinus carpio var specularis with 2 of thes ...	2001	11843142
germ-line chimera by lower-part blastoderm transplantation between diploid goldfish and triploid crucian carp.	germ-line chimerism was successfully induced by blastoderm transplantation from donor triploid crucian carp, which reproduces gynogenetically, to recipient diploid goldfish, which reproduces bisexually. lower part of donor blastoderm including primordial germ cells (pgcs) was sandwiched between recipient blastoderm at the mid- to late-blastula stage. when donor grafts were prepared from intact embryos or ventralized ones by removing vegetal yolk hemisphere at the 1- to 2-cell stage, malformation ...	2001	11841168
genetic manipulations in aquaculture: a review of stock improvement by classical and modern technologies.	the aim of this review was to highlight the extent to which the genetic technologies are implemented by the aquaculture industry. the review shows that some of the modern genetic technologies are already extensively applied by the diverse aquaculture industries, though not to the same extent for all important aquacultured species (according to fao 1998 figures). some species (common carp, atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, channel catfish, nile tilapia, and the pacific oyster) received concentrated ...	2001	11841164
environmental reprogramming of the expression of protein kinase ck2beta subunit in fish.	the dramatic segregation of the nucleolar components in winter-acclimatized carp is the most striking cellular-phenotypical feature observed during the seasonal adaptation of this fish toward the circannual changes in its habitat. our studies also show that the carp habitat temperature and photoperiod winter conditions provoke a remarkable reduction of both rrna transcription and the processing of their precursors. to gain knowledge on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of nucleolar activ ...	2001	11827160
caryophyllidean tapeworms (platyhelminthes: eucestoda) from freshwater fishes in japan.	the following caryophyllidean tapeworms were found in freshwater fishes from japan (species reported from japan for the first time marked with an asterisk): family caryophyllaeidae: paracaryophyllaeus gotoi (motomura, 1927) from misgurnus anguillicaudatus (cantor); archigetes sieboldi leuckart, 1878 from pseudorasbora parva (temminck et schlegel) and sarcocheilichthys variegatus microoculus mori (new hosts); family lytocestidae: *caryophyllaeides ergensi scholz, 1990 from tribolodon hakuensis (g ...	2001	11817451
immune modulation by fish kinetoplastid parasites: a role for nitric oxide.	trypanoplasma borreli and trypanosoma carassii are kinetoplastid parasites infecting cyprinid fish. we investigated the role of nitric oxide (no) in immune modulation during t. borreli and t. carassii infection of carp. phagocytic cells from different organs produced no and serum nitrate levels increased, demonstrating that t. borreli activates no production in vivo. in contrast, t. carassii did not induce no production in vivo and inhibited lps-induced no production in vitro. production of no w ...	2002	11817378
effects of iron sulfate dosage on the water flea (daphnia magna straus) and early development of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	adult water fleas, daphnia magna straus, and the early life stages of carp, cyprinus carpio l., were exposed to river water near an iron sulfate dosage installation to determine the effects of phosphate precipitation with iron(ii)sulfate. tests were conducted during two consecutive dosage periods of 3,000 and 5,000 kg/day iron sulfate (520 and 620 microg/l total fe respectively) at the dosage site and at a reference site (60 microg/l total fe) further downstream. though survival remained unaffec ...	2002	11815809
effect of pyrethroids on carbohydrate metabolic pathways in common carp, cyprinus carpio.	the activity levels of succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) were assessed in various tissues of cyprinus carpio var communis which had been exposed to lethal concentrations of group-ii pyrethroids (deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and fluvalinate) for a period of 72 h. the results indicated a steady decrease in sdh activity with a concomitant increase in g6pd activity. the decreased sdh activity indicated inhibition of sdh at mitochondrial level and t ...	2001	11802603
stress response to waterborne cu during early life stages of carp, cyprinus carpio.	following in vitro fertilization, eggs/embryos and larvae of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to 0 (control), 0.3 or 0.8 micromol.l(-1) cu in artificially prepared fresh water for 168 h. the total amounts of cu, na, ca, adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and cortisol were measured in homogenates of eggs (up to 60 h post fertilization, hpf), isolated embryos (between 60 hpf and hatching) and free-swimming larvae. only in embryos of e ...	2002	11792433
a thyrotropin-like molecule from the pituitary of an indian freshwater murrel: comparison of its biological activity with other thyrotropins.	murrel pituitary thyrotropin-like molecule (mtsh) was purified to homogeneity with the help of a convenient and sensitive in vitro assay system where addition of this material to the thyroid follicle incubation stimulated thyroxine (t(4)) secretion into the medium. pituitary extract of a freshwater murrel, channa punctatus, was solvent extracted to obtain glycoprotein enriched fraction. this was subjected to sephadex g-100 gel filtration and eluate of void volume (peak i) showed strong tsh activ ...	2000	11790339
effect of dietary supplementation of fatty acids and vitamins on the breeding performance of the carp catla catla.	five isonitrogenous diets (approximately 33% crude protein) were fed to the brood female carp, catla catla (weighing 3.0 to 5.5 kg), for a period of 93 days in order to observe their breeding performance in earthen ponds. diet-i (control) contained only basic ingredients like rice bran, ground-nut oil cake, roasted soybean meal, fish meal and mineral mixture; diet-ii contained added vitamins; diet-iii contained added vitamins and vegetable oil (rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, pufa); die ...	2004	11789892
on the interaction between voltage-gated conductances and ca(2+) regulation mechanisms in retinal horizontal cells.	the horizontal cell is a second-order retinal neuron that is depolarized in the dark and responds to light with graded potential changes. in such a nonspiking neuron, not only the voltage-gated ionic conductances but also ca(2+) regulation mechanisms, e.g., the na(+)/ca(2+) exchange and the ca(2+) pump, are considered to play important roles in generating the voltage responses. to elucidate how these physiological mechanisms interact and contribute to generating the responses of the horizontal c ...	2002	11784740
a novel isoform of vertebrate ancient opsin in a smelt fish, plecoglossus altivelis.	vertebrate ancient (va) opsin of nonvisual pigment in fishes was reported to exist in two isoforms, i.e., short and long variants with an unusual predicted amino acid sequence length compared to vertebrate visual opsins. here we cloned an isoform (pal-vam) of va opsin showing the usual opsin length in addition to the long type isoform (pal-val) from a smelt fish, plecoglossus altivelis. pal-vam and pal-val were composed of 346 and 387 amino acids, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences o ...	2002	11779166
a metabotropic glutamate receptor regulates transmitter release from cone presynaptic terminals in carp retinal slices.	the role of group iii metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglurs) in photoreceptor-h1 horizontal cell (hc) synaptic transmission was investigated by analyzing the rate of occurrence and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sepscs) in h1 hcs uncoupled by dopamine in carp retinal slices. red light steps or the application of 100 microm cobalt reduced the sepsc rate without affecting their peak amplitude, which is consistent with hyperpolarization or the suppression of ca(2+) en ...	2002	11773238
cytological alterations in isolated hepatocytes from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to microcystin-lr.	microcystin-lr (mc-lr) is the most commonly encountered of the toxic cyclic peptide hepatotoxins occurring in china. it is a model compound for toxicological studies. in this study, the toxicity of mc-lr (50 and 500 micrograms/l) on isolated carp hepatocytes was determined and the ultrastructural alterations of cells induced by mc-lr were observed. the alterations noted when hepatocytes were exposed to 50 micrograms/l mc-lr were blebbing of cell membrane, shrinking and deformation of nuclei, ves ...	2001	11769250
[genetics of color of the ornamental carp: inheritance of underlying dark coloration].	in ornamental carps from the collection of the experimental station, all-russia research institute of fresh-water fisheries, fish with a dirty dark tint of body color among orange and white fish were found. this coloration was shown to be due to the presence of black pigment cells in the lower skin layer. in the outer skin layers these cells were almost entirely absent. this color type was found to be determined by the presence of at least one of alleles b1' or b2' of digenic system b1, b2, whic ...	2001	11761623
phylogeny of cytokines: molecular cloning and expression analysis of sea bass dicentrarchus labrax interleukin-1beta.	in this paper the cloning of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) from the fish dicentrarchus labrax (sea bass) is described. using degenerate primers designed from known il-1beta sequences, a cdna fragment was amplified by pcr and elongated by 3' and 5' race to give the full-length coding sequence for sea bass il-1beta. the cdna is 1292 bp, lacks a putative ice cut site, and codes for a deduced peptide of 29.4 kda with a pi of 5.1. sequence analysis showed highest amino acid similarity with rainbow tro ...	2001	11759041