Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| the attenuation phenotype conferred by the m gene of the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted virus (h2n2) on the a/korea/82 (h3n2) reassortant virus results from a gene constellation effect. | a single gene reassortant (sgr) virus that derived its m gene from the attenuated influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) donor virus and the remaining genes from the a/korea/82 (h3n2) wild type (wt) virus (designated a/korea/82 ca m-sgr) was previously shown to be attenuated in mice, hamsters, ferrets, and humans. the attenuation (att) phenotype of this sgr virus could result directly from an altered function of the mutant m gene product of the a/ann arbor/6/60 ca virus, which differs from ... | 1992 | 1413993 |
| increased influenza a virus sialidase activity with n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid-containing substrates resulting from influenza c virus o-acetylesterase action. | influenza virus type c (johannesburg/1/66) was used as a source for the enzyme o-acetylesterase (ec 3.1.1.53) with several natural sialoglycoconjugates as substrates. the resulting products were immediately employed as substrates using influenza virus type a [(singapore/6/86) (h1n1) or shanghai/11/87 (h3n2)] as a source for sialidase (neuraminidase, ec 3.2.1.18). a significant increase in the percentage of sialic acid released was found when the o-acetyl group was cleaved by o-acetylesterase act ... | 1992 | 1413991 |
| [the antigenic characteristics of the influenza virus subpopulations isolated from a single patient]. | examinations by hi and eia of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolates of 1985-1990 showed the strains derived from nasopharyngeal washings from patients to present very frequently as phenotypic mixtures of stable virus variants. immunological analysis with monospecific antibody to hemagglutinin antigenic sites revealed a wide spectrum of antigenic activity based on the degree of relationship with viruses of previous years. by means of the immune pressing with antibody of different specificity the isol ... | 1992 | 1413713 |
| nucleotide sequence changes in the polymerase basic protein 2 gene of temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a virus. | influenza a viruses bearing temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations are restricted in replication in the respiratory tract of animals and humans and are therefore attenuated. nucleotide sequences were determined for the rna segment coding for the polymerase basic protein 2 (pb2) from a panel of 12 influenza a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2) ts viruses, previously characterized to have a ts mutation in the pb2 gene. each of the viruses with a ts mutation in the pb2 gene had a single amino acid change located at ... | 1992 | 1413525 |
| a strategy for making synthetic peptide vaccines. | we have determined the h-2 class ii allele-specific amino acid motif of the agretope (the site of contact between the peptide antigen and the major histocompatibility complex) for a synthetic peptide composed of residues 43-58 of pigeon cytochrome c (p43-58). residues 46 and 54 functioned as the agretope, and residues 50 and 52 functioned as the epitope (the site for contact between the peptide antigen and the t-cell antigen receptor). in general, agretopes and epitopes function independently. t ... | 1992 | 1409595 |
| [preparative isolation of basic structural proteins of the influenza virus]. | the schemes for preparative electrophoretic isolation and purification of major proteins from influenza virus are described. the viral envelope protein, hemagglutinin, two of its subunits, internal m and np proteins of influenza viruses a/fpv/rostock (h7n1), a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and x-31 (h3n2) were obtained in preparative amounts and characterized by amino acid and n-terminus analyses. | 1992 | 1406760 |
| [a case of invasive broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis associated with influenza a (h3n2) infection]. | a 49-year-old man with high alcohol consumption was admitted with fever, cough and progressive dyspnea after a one week history of influenza-like symptoms. chest x-ray film on admission showed diffuse peribronchial shadows and patchy infiltration in the right lower lung field. chest x-ray film the following day and chest ct film on the 4th day of admission showed multiple nodular shadows and cavity formation. at bronchoscopy the bronchial surface was covered by white plaque, and asp. fumigatus w ... | 1992 | 1405113 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 1992. | during the 1991-92 influenza season, influenza activity was reported at moderate levels in many parts of the world. influenza a(h1n1), a(h3n2), and influenza b viruses have continued to circulate worldwide. from october 1991 through february 1992, when influenza viruses circulated widely in the northern hemisphere, epidemic levels of activity were most commonly associated with the h3n2 subtype of influenza a (1). this report summarizes worldwide influenza activity reported from march through sep ... | 1992 | 1383682 |
| influenza virus infection elicits class ii major histocompatibility complex-restricted t cells specific for an epitope identified in the ns1 non-structural protein. | a t cell epitope of the influenza virus ns1 molecule was identified and shown to be a determinant used in class ii major histocompatibility complex-restricted t cell responses to infectious virus. an i-ed-restricted balb/c mouse t hybridoma clone recognizing influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34 (pr8; subtype h1n1) but not a/udorn/72 (subtype h3n2) secreted lymphokines in response to purified recombinant ns1 or fusion proteins containing amino acids 1 to 81 or 1 to 42 of ns1. as expected for recogn ... | 1992 | 1376767 |
| influenza viruses differ in recognition of 4-o-acetyl substitution of sialic acid receptor determinant. | equine alpha 2-macroglobulin (em), known to contain both neu5ac and neu4,5ac2 sialic acid residues, was treated with vibrio cholerae sialidase for the selective removal of neu5ac and was compared with the untreated em for its binding by a panel of influenza viruses. type a h3n2 virus strains having leu in position 226 of their hemagglutinin (ha) changed the affinity for sialidase-treated em only slightly, if at all, indicative of their ability to bind the 4-o-ac-substituted neu5ac receptor deter ... | 1992 | 1374985 |
| influenza a virus transfectants with chimeric hemagglutinins containing epitopes from different subtypes. | influenza virus transfectants with chimeric hemagglutinins were constructed by using a ribonucleoprotein transfection method. transfectants w(h1)-h2 and w(h1)-h3 contained a/wsn/33(h1n1) (wsn) hemagglutinins in which the six-amino-acid loop (contained in antigenic site b) was replaced by the corresponding structures of influenza viruses a/japan/57(h2n2) and a/hong kong/8/68(h3n2) (hk), respectively. serological analysis indicated that the w(h1)-h3 transfectant virus reacted with antibodies again ... | 1992 | 1370088 |
| virus-specific immune response in the lungs of mice infected with influenza virus. | the time course of primary humoral immune response in nfs/n mice infected with the adapted influenza virus a/aichi 2/68(h3n2) was followed by determination of the different class immunoglobulins in lungs, lung washings, and in blood serum. the quantity of antibody-producing cells (apc) was estimated by local haemolysis in gel. the presence of antibodies in serum and lavage fluid was tested by the methods of radial haemolysis and radial immunodiffusion. it was shown that the local immune response ... | 1992 | 1359766 |
| antigenic and molecular analysis of influenza a(h3n2) virus strains isolated in 1985 in open and closed communities of northern germany. | antigenic and molecular analyses of influenza a(h3n2) virus strains isolated in 1985 during outbreaks in open and closed communities of north germany were carried out. the data obtained have shown that 11 strains isolated in a closed orphanage were antigenically similar to each other. the electrophoretic mobilities of either ha, np, m1 and ns1 polypeptides or of double stranded rna segments were indistinguishable. analysis of viruses isolated at the same time from open communities has revealed t ... | 1992 | 1359765 |
| do antigenic drift residues in influenza hemagglutinins of the h3 subtype qualify as contact sites for mhc class ii interaction? | we have previously reported that a majority of hemagglutinin-specific and class ii (ak or ad)-restricted t cell clones, elicited by natural infection with x31 virus (h3n2 subtype), focus on regions of the ha1 subunit that have featured in antigenic drift and exhibit extensive diversity in their ability to discriminate between variant viruses with amino acid substitutions in these sites. the structural basis for the loss of recognition of a major antigenic site, ha1 120-139, was investigated by ( ... | 1992 | 1358189 |
| pathogenicity of concurrent infection of pigs with porcine respiratory coronavirus and swine influenza virus. | combinations of porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) and either of two swine influenza viruses (h1n1 or h3n2) were administered intranasally and by aerosol to six- to eight-week-old specific pathogen-free pigs. the clinical responses, gross respiratory lesions and growth performances of these pigs were studied and compared with those of single (prcv, h1n1 or h3n2) and mock-infected animals. prcv infection caused fever, growth retardation and lung lesions, but no respiratory symptoms. infection ... | 1992 | 1334565 |
| antigenic variant of swine influenza virus causing proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia in pigs. | a new antigenic variant of swine influenza virus was isolated from the lungs of pigs experiencing respiratory problems in 7 different swine herds in quebec. pigs of different ages were affected, and the main clinical signs were fever, dyspnea, and abdominal respiration. coughing was not a constant finding of the syndrome. at necropsy, macroscopic lesions included the overall appearance of pale animals, general lymphadenopathy, hepatic congestion, and consolidation of the lungs. histopathologic f ... | 1992 | 1333815 |
| influenza a viruses: epidemiologic study in fatteners in spain (1987-89). | 2,979 sera were collected from slaughtered swine in two geographic areas of spain from 1987 to 1989. they were tested for antibodies against an h1n1- and h3n2-influenza virus by haemagglutination-inhibition tests (hi). the percentage of positive sera was higher in area i (78%-69.2%) than in area ii (63.1%-60.4%) for both viruses respectively. the coexistence of high titres to both h1n1- and h3n2-influenza virus became apparent in cold months simultaneously in each area, although influenza viruse ... | 1992 | 1320310 |
| antibody responses of swine to type a influenza viruses in the most recent several years. | a serological survey was conducted on 4,080 swine sera collected for the years 1985-90. the swine sera positive to a/new jersey/8/76 (swine type h1n1) strain were observed in annual (10-20%) and monthly (20-40%) incidences during the observation period except for occasional months. antibodies to recent human h1n1 viruses in swine were recognized in relation to the human h1n1 influenza epidemics. antibody responses of swine to human h3n2 strains appeared irrespective of human epidemics with the v ... | 1992 | 1318751 |
| variation in seropositivity for some respiratory disease agents in finishing pigs: epidemiological studies on some health parameters and farm and management conditions in the herds. | the relationship between the extent of seropositivity for aujeszky's disease virus (adv), actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app.) serotype 2 and porcine influenza (pi) viruses serotype h1n1 and h3n2 in pigs on the one hand and the health status of the pigs and some farm and management conditions in the herds on the other hand was studied in 45 pig finishing herds, all members of one integration group. the health status was assessed by the extent of clinical signs, the use of veterinary drugs and ... | 1992 | 1315466 |
| alterations to influenza virus hemagglutinin cytoplasmic tail modulate virus infectivity. | the influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) contains a cytoplasmic domain that consists of 10 to 11 amino acids, of which five residues have sequence identity for 10 of 13 ha subtypes. to investigate properties of these conserved residues, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was performed, using an ha cdna of influenza virus a/udorn/72 (h3n2) to substitute the conserved cysteine residues with other residues, to delete the three c-terminal conserved residues, or to remove the entire cytoplasmic domai ... | 1992 | 1309913 |
| [epidemiological and virological research on influenza and viral respiratory infections in the southeastern region of romania in the cold season of 1991-1992]. | investigations pointed out the high level of respiratory diseases and pneumonias in children, especially in the youngest ones (0-1 year-old) during all the surveyed period. an influenza outbreak during the second half of february was registered in the infantile population--school and low-age children--which gave most of the cases. serology and isolations incriminated an influenza virus related to the a/beijing 353/89 (h3n2) strain. isolations worked out after the influenza epidemics pointed out ... | 1992 | 1308431 |
| [influenza surveillance]. | from 1982 to june 1990, seven influenza a (h3n2) epidemics and four influenza a (h1n1) epidemics occurred in shanghai, and several new variants of influenza virus were isolated. during that period, influenza a (h3n2) and influenza a (h1n1) appeared alternatively while each lasted for one to two years. the epidemic peak of influenza usually was seen from july to august and late winter to early spring. the subtype which appears in july and august usually starting in late winter and early spring in ... | 1992 | 1303322 |
| [the laboratory epidemiological study of the joint circulation of the influenza virus a subtypes a/h1n1/ and a/h3n2/ in bulgaria]. | the national influenza center of bulgaria made the epidemiological analysis of the spread of influenza virus, type a, for the period of 11 years on the basis of mass laboratory investigations. subtype a (h1n1) was found to be the main factor of epidemics in 1978 and 1982, while the epidemics of 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987 and 1988 were mainly caused by subtype a (h3n2). the data of laboratory and epidemiological studies indicated that after 20-year absence influenza virus a, subtype a (h1n1), w ... | 1992 | 1301658 |
| [seroconversion after vaccine with trivalent influenza vaccine during the epidemic season 1990/1 in poland]. | vaccination was performed by influenza virus vaccine, trivalent type a and b. we vaccinated about 50,000 persons in poland in different groups of age. hi and ni tests were used for testing antibody level for a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1), a/shanghai/16/89 (h3n2) and b/yamagata/16/89. the rise of antibody level was statistically significant. | 1992 | 1296247 |
| [the determination of the genotype of natural reassortant influenza a viruses according to the core protein genes by the methods of competitive dot hybridization and sequencing]. | simultaneous circulation of different subtypes of influenza a viruses provides conditions for reassortant strains formation. a comparative investigation of genome of 47 influenza a virus strains (h1n1, h2n2, and h3n2) was carried out by competitive dot hybridization technique and sequence analysis of some of cdna-copies of the virus genes. all the genes of 43 strains encoding nonglycolysed proteins corresponded to the serum subtype of surface glycoproteins. the reassortant pattern of genome for ... | 1992 | 1290222 |
| [the therapeutic effect of aprotinin inhalations in influenza and paramyxovirus infections in mice]. | mice infected with influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus or sendai/960 paramyxovirus were treated by inhalations of aerosol aprotinin, a broad spectrum inhibitor of proteinases. a course of inhalations of finely dispersed aerosol aprotinin including 4 exposures of 35-40 min each daily for 6 days provided respiratory administration of aprotinin in a dose about 100 kallikrein-inhibiting u/mouse per day. in mice treated by aprotinin inhalations, histological examinations showed decreased pulmonary pa ... | 1992 | 1281946 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a virus: response of children to the influenza a/hong kong/68-ts-1(e) (h3n2) and influenza a/udorn/72-ts-1(e) (h3n2) candidate vaccine viruses and significance of immunity to neuraminidase antigen. | one of two slightly different influenza a/ts-1[e] recombinant candidate live vaccines was given intranasally to each of 23 young children. twelve of 15 children who had no serum hi antibody but who did have serum anab at the time of administration became infected and 1 had mild rhinitis. all eight who lacked both types of antibody became infected and they shed virus in higher titer and for longer than the former group; five had rhinorrhea and five had mild fever. these findings suggest that seru ... | 1976 | 1272630 |
| three strains of influenza a virus (h3n2): interferon sensitivity in vitro and interferon production in volunteers. | three antigenic variants of the h3n2 subtype of wild-type influenza a virus (representing the years 1968, 1972, and 1974) were examined for their sensitivity to interferon and for their ability to induce local respiratory tract interferon in volunteers. in addition, the time of appearance of symptoms in infected volunteers was correlated with the patterns of virus shedding and interferon production. the sensitivity to interferon and the ability to stimulate nasopharyngeal interferon were similar ... | 1976 | 1270590 |
| aerosol vaccination of mice with a live, temperature- sensitive recombinant influenza virus. | mice were vaccinated intranasally (i.n.) or with small-particle aerosols (spa; 2 mum) or large-particle aerosols (lpa; 8 mum) of an attenuated, temperature-sensitive, recombinant a influenza (h3n2) virus, ts-1 (e). serum virus-neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibition antibodies were detected for all vaccinated mice by 28 days. bronchoalveolar wash fluids had increased levels of immunoglobulin (igg, iga) only in the i.n. -vaccinated mice. hemagglutination and virus-neutralizing antibodies wer ... | 1976 | 1270134 |
| the behaviour in ferrets of two closely related clones of influenza virus of differing virulence for man. | clones 7a and 64d of the recombinant influenza virus a/pr/8/34-a/england/939/69(h3n2) which are of different virulence for man as judged by clinical score (7a more virulent than 64d) showed similar differences in ferrets. with intranasal inoculation the approximate 50% minimal infectious doses of both clones were similar (between 10(0) and 10(2) eid(50)) as were their titres in nasal washes 24 h after inoculation and the histologically evident damage they caused in the nasal turbinates. however, ... | 1976 | 1268040 |
| antigenicity of licensed whole virion and subvirion influenza vaccines in "high risk" persons. | the frequency and magnitude of serum antibody response to type a and b influenza virus induced by whole virion and subvirion vaccines were essentially comparable. immunization was followed in vaccinated individuals by an antihemagglutinin antibody response to the common antigenic determinant shared by the type a h3n2 viruses. relatively few individuals developed antibody to the type-specific determinant. | 1976 | 1265060 |
| kinetics of reactions of antihemagglutinin and antineuraminidase antibodies with h2n2 and h3n2 influenza virus strains and description of a modification of the photometric acu method for titration of antineuraminidase antibodies. | the isotherms describing the reactions of selected h2n2 and h3n2 virus strains with antihemagglutinin (ah) and antineuraminidase (an) antibodies were established by use of a photometric hemagglutination inhibition test [antibody concentration unit (acu) method]. it was found that the an antibody isotherms had significantly higher values of the constant 1/n than did the ah antibody isotherms. this finding confirms for further virus strains the conclusion that the photometric acu method can discri ... | 1976 | 1259594 |
| pulmonary mechanics after uncomplicated influenza a infection. | pulmonary mechanics were evaluated in 13 nonsmoking adults with acute, uncomplicated influenza a/port chalmers/73(h3n2) virus infection. subjects had no evidence of lower respiratory tract involvement on physical examination. viral and/or scrologic evidence of influenza infection was established for all subjects. physiologic measurements included forced expiratory rates by spirometry and total pulmonary resistance (rt) measured at 3, 5, 7, and 9 cycles per sec by the oscillometric technique. sub ... | 1976 | 1247227 |
| reactions and serologic responses in young children and infants after administration of inactivated monovalent influenza a vaccine. | infants, two years of age and under, received zonally purified whole-virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) influenza vaccine. febrile responses, including one febrile convulsion, were observed in nine of 13 (69%). there was a fourfold rise in serum-neutralizing antibody in nine of 11 (82%) of those lacking initial antibody titers. purity of the vaccine was documented by electron microscopy, absence of egg protein, and very low levels of endotoxin (0.048mug/dose). it is concluded that the toxicity of vaccine ... | 1976 | 1245938 |
| attenuated influenza virus in normal adults: role of pulmonary function studies in vaccine trials. | a live attenuated virus, influenza a/hong kong/68(h3n2)-ts-1[e], was administered to 10 normal volunteers. infection resulted in minor upper respiratory tract symptoms in one volunteer. an isolate from one volunteer contained a presumed revertant wild-type virus, but no clinical significance could be ascribed to this infection. since infection with natural influenza a virus adversely affects airway dynamics, serial tests of pulmonary function were performed, including measurements of forced expi ... | 1976 | 1245763 |
| demonstration of antibodies to both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens of h3n2 influenza a virus in domestic dogs. | serologic evidence of infection with human (h3n2) influenza viruses of 6 of 79 dogs sampled in new york city in march-april 1973 was obtained through the use of four different methods for measurement of anti-hemagglutination and anti-neuraminidase antibody. | 1975 | 1235862 |
| infection of dogs and cats with the hong kong influenza a (h3n2) virus during an epidemic period in hungary. | 1975 | 1231557 | |
| occurrence of hong kong influenza a (h3n2) virus infection in the budapest zoo. | 1975 | 1231556 | |
| [preparative isolation of a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) virus hemagglutinin]. | hemagglutinin of a/hong kong/1/68 virus was isolated by electrophoresis in acetate-cellulose of a recombinant 12/13 (h3n1) strain destroyed by sodium dodecyl sulphate. electron microscope examinations were carried out and molecular weights of hemagglutinin polypeptides were determined. a monospecific serum containing no antibody to neuraminidase was prepared. | 1975 | 1220249 |
| clinical and serologic effects of alice strain live attenuated influenza a (h3n2) virus vaccine in an adult population. | alice strain live attenuated influenza a (h3n2) virus was evaluated in prison volunteers. by random double blind allocation, 94 volunteers received alice strain vaccine (as) intranasally and 97 received placebo. the vaccine was well tolerated, and there was no serious morbidity. the number, type, duration, and severity of symptoms was not significantly different between the vaccine and placebo groups. seventy-five per cent of vaccines with initial hai titers less than or equal to 1:8 had 4 fold ... | 1975 | 1214706 |
| [isolation of influenza virus "a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2)" from liquor cerebrospinalis of patients with cns involvement (author's transl)]. | liquor cerebrospinalis of eight patients with central nervous symptoms were tested for influenza virus during the influenza virus epidemic 1971/72. in three of these cases influenza virus (a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) was isolated from spinal fluid in the embryonated hen egg. these patients showed after influenza like prodromi meningo-encephalitis, encephalitis or paranoid psychosis. possible pathomechanisms are discussed. | 1975 | 1214696 |
| [tolerance and immunogenicity of an attenuated live influenza virus vaccine in man (author's transl)]. | the attenuated influenza-a-virus strain "alice" (h3n2) - a recombination from a2/england/72 and a/pr8 mount sinai/34 - was given intransally in drops (10(7,2) id50 per dose), twice seven days apart. in a similar fashion, 25 healthy persons received placebos. local antibodies were determined before and three weeks after the first vaccination from nasal irrigation fluid. the fluid was concentrated and adjusted to an iga amount of 50 mg/l. blood samples were obtained at similar intervals. systemic ... | 1975 | 1204500 |
| oral influenza vaccination with live attenuated viruses. 2. protective efficacy during a type a(h3n2) epidemic. | 151 subjects, orally immunized with live attenuated influenza virus of the institute for viral preparations of moscow (bivalent a(h3n2) england 72 and b vaccine) and 66 non vaccinated cohabitants were studied during an epidemic caused by strains similar to a/port chalmers/73. 5 cases of disease were virologically or serologically ascertained among the vaccinated (morbidity 3.3%) and 8 among the non-immunized cohabitants (12.1%). the difference turned out statistically significant. by comparing t ... | 1975 | 1203088 |
| new live attenuated influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) vaccine (alice): reactogenicity,, immunogenicity, and protection efficacy. | the alice strain of influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) live attenuated vaccine, when given by the intranasal route to 133 volunteers, was relatively nonreactogenic; only 12% of the vaccinees had upper respiratory tract symptoms after immunization. seroconversion in 87.2% of subjects whose titers of humoral hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody before immunization were less than 1:8 demonstrated the immunogenicity of the vaccine. the overall seroconversion rate was 66.1% (geometric mean titer of hem ... | 1975 | 1202110 |
| [on the antigenicity of influenza virus aluminum oxide adjuvant vaccine "alorbat" in man (author's transl)]. | the antihemagglutinin (ah) and antineuraminidase (an) antibody response in 35 humans to a single vaccination with the aluminum oxide adsorbed influenza virus vaccine "alorbat" was investigated. the vaccine contained the strains a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2), a/hong kong/107/71 (h3n2), a/england/42/72 (h3n2) and b/iowa/1/69. the rates of significant ah antibody titer increase ranged from 51 percent (against a/hong kong/68), 69 (against a/hong kong/71), 63 (against a/england/72) to 83 percent (against b ... | 1975 | 1179878 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. vi. transfer of ts lesions from the asian subtype of influenza a virus (h2n2) to the hong kong subtype (h3n2). | 1975 | 1171555 | |
| induction of interferon in man by vaccines. | the purpose of this study was to extend the spectrum of vaccines with interferon-inducing potential in man. the vaccines selected for study were the commercially available attenuated poliomyelitis vaccine type 2 (sabin strain) and the new live attenuated influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) vaccine ("alice" strain). five subjects, two of whom had low or undetectable polio type 2 neutralizing antibody levels were given the type 2 vaccine (10-4.7 tcid50) in the standard manner orally. even though the ... | 1975 | 1170566 |
| serum hi antibody and protection against influenza: a follow-up survey at community level of three epidemics caused by different h3n2-variants. | serial blood specimens from rh-negative pregnant women sent to laboratory for rh antibody testing were stored and used for influenza investigations. the study period covered three epidemics, each caused by a different variant of influenza a (h3n2) virus. the relationship between pre-epidemic haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibody level against the epidemic virus and serological evidence of infection was analysed. titre associated with protection was very similar in the three epidemics. in 19 ... | 1975 | 1165150 |
| temperature sensitive mutants of influenza virus. ix. genetic and biological characterization of ts-1[e] lesions when transferred to a 1972 (h3n2) influenza a virus. | 1975 | 1154653 | |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza. viii. genetic and biological characterization of ts mutants of influenza virus a (h3n2) and their assignment to complementation groups. | 1975 | 1154652 | |
| [isolation of the influenza virus variant a/england/42/72 (h3n2) in quebec in 1973]. | 1975 | 1131778 | |
| effect of neuraminidase on potency of inactivated influenza virus vaccines in mice. | the protective effect of neuraminidase was studied in a mouse protection test using isolated neuraminidase of a2/aichi/68(h3n2) virus and the complete recombinant virus a/eq(heq-1)-hk(n2) as antigens. immunized mice were protected against a2/aichi(h3n2) challenge virus; however, the protection rate was low in comparison to animals immunized with comparable amounts of the complete a2/68(h3n2) virus9 furthermore there was no cross-protection against a2/asia/57(h2n2) challenge virus. the protective ... | 1975 | 1126575 |
| assessment of immunity to influenza using artifical challenge of normal volunteers with influenza virus. | the candidate humoral mediators of protection against influenza include antibody (ab) to the viral hemagglutinin (h) or neuraminidase (n) in serum or respiratory secretions. in the present studies these mediators were evaluated principally by low dose live virus challenge of previously vaccinated volunteers. following im vaccination with h3n2 virus, ab appeared in both serum and secretions and direct quantitative relationship between the two was noted. among individuals vaccinated intranasally w ... | 1975 | 1126573 |
| virus antibodies in serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases. | rubella and influenza a (h3n2) haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody titres and measles complement-fixing (cf), haemagglutination inhibition (hi), haemolysis inhibition (hli), and ribonucleoprotein gel precipitation (rnp-gp) antibody titres were studied in the serum and synovial fluid of twenty patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra), two patients with ankylosing spondylitis, and two patients with reiter's syndrome. antibody titres were also studied in the serum and csf of four patients wit ... | 1975 | 1124954 |
| [evaluation of the preventive efficacy of bonaphthone in influenza]. | bonaphthone was tested as a prophylactic drug in 4927 adults during 1973 influenza epidemic caused by influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) virus, and shown to exert a protective effect: the index of effectiveness was 1.8-2.9, the protection rate 44.7-66.4%. when given per os in a daily dose of 50 mg for 24 days bonaphthone produced no manifest side effects. | 1975 | 1121854 |
| [properties of influenza virus strains causing the influenza epidemic in moscow in 1972-3]. | the antigenic and some biological properties of influenza virus strains isolated during 1972-1973 epidemic were studied. altogether 114 strains were isolated from sick infants of the first months of life beginning from neonatality. the strains under study were found to have high adaptation and elution activity, to be highly sensitive to inhibitors and to produce polymorphous allantoic population in the adaptation period. the hemagglutinating and neuraminidase components were shown to be fairly c ... | 1975 | 1121850 |
| humoral and secretory antibody responses to immunization with low and high dosage split influenza virus vaccine. | tri (n-butyl) phosphate (tnbp)-split vaccine containing 6400 cca units of influenza virus a/aichi/68 (h3n2) was given intramuscularly to a group of volunteers. the changes in serum haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) and nasal wash neutralizing antibody were measured, and the results compared with that of volunteers given a tnbp-split vaccine containing 400 cca of the same virus. more volunteers given the high-dose vaccine developed a fourfold rise in serum hi antibody, and there was a greater inc ... | 1975 | 1119940 |
| [experience in the use of tebrophen for influenza prevention]. | the efficacy of influenca prophylaxis by a new soviet chemopreparation tebrophen was studied during the influenza epidemics of 1972-1973 caused by the influenza virus of a/hong-kong/68 and a/england/72/h3n2/types. investigations were carried out under conditions of an epidemiological experience among the organized (adult) collective bodies (4352 persons in all). the preparation was instilled intranasally in the form of a 0.25 and 1% ointment on vaseline base. the efficacy index was 2.0-2.7, and ... | 1975 | 1098334 |
| live attenuated influenza virus vaccines in patients with chronic broncho-pulmonary diseases. clinical and immunological evaluation. | the safety and potency of two live attenuated influenza a virus vaccines, administered intranasally, were tested in outpatients suffering from chronic obstructive lung disease, during two successive trials performed between 1972 and 1974. the vaccine strains were representative of the prevalent influenza a virus types; the ann strain was derived from a classical h3n2 (a/hong-kong/878/69) isolated and the alice strain from a recent h3n2 drift (a/england/42/72). the serum and nasal antibody respon ... | 1975 | 1096297 |
| influenza: response of t-cell lymphopenia to thymosin. | eighteen volunteers in tow study groups were inoculated with influenza a (h3n2) and their peripheral blood t, b and null cells enumerated at subsequent intervals. infection with wild-type virus or with a live, attenuated virus vaccine markedly reduced the proportion and absolute number of t-cell rosettes 24 hours after inoculation. t-cell depression preceded the onset of clinical illness in symptomatic subjects, continued during illness, and returned to normal with recovery. t-cell lymphopenia w ... | 1976 | 1083484 |
| laboratory characteristics of an attenuated influenza type a (h3n2) virus ('alice' strain). | the alice strain of live attenuated influenza virus was obtained by selection of a gamma inhibitor-resistant strain from a virus recombinant between a/pr/8/34 (hon1) and a/england/42/72 (h3n2). its behaviour in vitro and in vivo was studied. three marker systems were investigated: resistance to serum inhibitors, growth capacity at high temperature and low sensitivity to amantadine hydrochloride. in ferrets the strain was found to be attenuated and immunogenic. passages in man, animals and eggs h ... | 1976 | 1068197 |
| mapping of the influenza virus genome: identification of the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase genes. | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the rna of influenza a/pr/8/34 (h0n1) and a/hong kong/8/68 (h3n2) viruses and recombinant viruses derived from them revealed that each contains eight rna segments, the fourth of which codes for hemagglutinin. (the largest rna of the segmented genome is counted as band 1.) the neuraminidase gene was identified as the sixth segment in the rna pattern of influenza a/pr8 virus and as the fifth segment of a/hong kong virus. the molecular weights of the rnas for t ... | 1976 | 1064882 |
| influenza. | the most universally employed measurement of the impact of epidemics and pandemics is the excess of mortality due to influenza and pneumonia. other criteria are absenteeism from school and work, and all three will show positive indications when epidemics are of substantial size. during the 1974-1975 influenza season in houston, school and industrial absenteeism and the increase in influenza and pneumonia deaths, despite a newly devised statistical procedure, did not signal an epidemic. however, ... | 1976 | 1048031 |
| [evaluation of the immunity to a/swine influenza virus in a sample of population of rome]. | hemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies in respect of type a/swine influenza virus (strain nib/3) were titrated on 225 serum specimens taken in rome during 1976. no hi antibodies to the a/swine virus were found in the serum specimens of the 155 subjects under 50 years of age, while the majority (94%) of the serum specimens of the subjects over 70 years of age showed hi antibody reactivity to the virus, with a mean geometric titre of 21.75. the vaccination of 38 individuals over 50 years of a ... | 1976 | 1016580 |
| isolation, purification and characterization of polypeptides of influenza and parainfluenza viruses. note iii. polypeptides of three influenza virus strains isolated in romania. | an analysis is presented of the nature, number and relative molecular mass of the polypeptides of three influenza virus strains-a/romania 1/73 (h3n2), a/romania 1/75 (h3n2), and b/romania 34/74-isolated during different epidemic outbreaks. the results obtained indicate some similarities between the protein subunits of the two influenza a virus strains (as concerns virus surface and nucleocapsid components) and point out the particular properties of the influenza b strain. | 1976 | 1006977 |
| antibodies to influenza a/swine-like viruses (hsw1n1) in human sera: antigenic stimulation and changes in antibody status. | human sera collected at the end of 1975 were studied for hi antibodies to influenza a/mayo clinic/103/74 (hsw1n1). the frequent occurrence of these antibodies in subjects born before 1930 suggested that they are present in about 25% of the finnish population. during the h3n2 epidemic in winter 1975-76 a low response of antibodies to a/swine-like viruses was recorded in about half of the influenza patients with a pre-existing titre, but not in any of the patients without pre-existing antibodies. ... | 1976 | 998257 |
| adaptation of human influenza a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) virus to colostrum-deprived, specific-pathogen free piglets. | 1976 | 998058 | |
| mapping of the influenza virus genome. iii. identification of genes coding for nucleoprotein, membrane protein, and nonstructural protein. | in previous communications we reported that the eight rna segments of influenza a/pr/8/34 (hon1) virus could be distinguished from corresponding segments of influenza a/hong kong/8/68 (h3n2) virus by migration on polyacrylamide-urea gels. examination of the rna patterns of the two parent viruses and recombinants derived from them in concert with serological identification of surface proteins and analysis of the other proteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate gradient gels permitted the identification o ... | 1976 | 985644 |
| longitudinal studies of types a and b influenza among seattle schoolchildren and families, 1968-74. | longitudinal studies of influenza were conducted by postepidemic collection of sera and illness information among seattle schoolchildren from 1968 to 1974 and in family groups from 1972 to 1974. the rate of infection with a/hong kong (h3n2) virus was lowest in the 1968-1969 epidemic; rates were twice as high in the epidemics of 1970 and 1972, and in the a/england (h3n2) epidemic of 1973. the introduction of a new strain of influenza type a or type b caused higher rates of infection in junior hig ... | 1976 | 978003 |
| response of ferrets to infection with a live attenuated influenza virus and to subsequent heterologous challenge. | groups of three ferrets were inoculated with a live influenza vaccine ("alice" strain) and the degree of protection afforded against a challenge inoculation was measured by several parameters. after vaccination, virus excretion was studied and the genetic characteristics of the virus isolates were investigated. after 5-8 weeks, the challenge inoculations were performed with antigenic drifts of the h3n2 virus: a/dunedin/4/73 (port-chalmers-like), a/england/635/74 and a/scotland/840/74. the foll ... | 1976 | 955269 |
| recombination of influenza a virus strains: effect on pathogenicity. | influenza viruses can recombine genetic information, and progeny virus can be selected for desired genetic traits. a newly isolated strain can develop the ability to grow to higher titer in embryonated eggs by acquiring this trait from the aopr8(hon1) strain, and can be selected by the terminal dilution technique and by treatment with anti-hon1 antisera. in addition to acquiring the ability to grow to high titer, surface antigens may also be transferred, and the progeny can be selected by immun ... | 1976 | 955268 |
| preparation and characterization of live recombinant influenza vaccine. | strain wrl 105 was prepared by recombination between the a/finland/4/74 (h3n2) and attenuated a/okuda/57 (h2n2) strains by a method previously described. a single intranasal dose of wrl 105 strain live attenuated influenza vaccine was administered to volunteers at three dose levels and homologous serum antibody titres and virus excretion were monitored. doses greater than 10(6.3)eid50 gave 4-fold or greater increases in antibody titre in 80% of seronegative volunteers. | 1976 | 955267 |
| pathogenicity, immunogenicity and genetic stability in mice and ferrets of a cold inhibitor-resistant mutant of influenza h3n2 virus. | a cold inhibitor-resistant mutant was derived from mrc-2 virus by means of serial passages in the presence of rabbit serum and at gradually decreasing temperatures. this virus, denoted mrc-2 irc, grew well at both 26 and 37 degree c. the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of the virus was examined in mice and ferrets. no clinical reactions were detected in either species. both mice and ferrets developed high levels of hemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase inhibition antibodies. the virus w ... | 1976 | 955266 |
| safety and efficacy of "alice" influenza virus vaccine in normal healthy adults. | a live influenza virus candidate vaccine, "alice" strain, was evaluated in normal healthy adults. it proved to be safe, with minimal clinical reactions. thirteen of 21 volunteers (61.9%) with pre-existing titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody of less than or equal to 1:4 and three of nine (33.3%) with initial titers of 1:8-1:16 had four-fold increases in titers of serum antibody. a second dose of vaccine did not increase the frequency or the magnitude of the serum antibody response. nas ... | 1976 | 946973 |
| [use of filter paper to identify antibodies against myxovirus influenzae]. | a total of 165 sera and 142 eluates from filtration papers impreggnated with whole blood were examined in reaction of complement fixation against a/hong kong 1/68 (h3n2) and b/johannesburg 3/56 virus. to perform hit 152 sera and 155 eluates were used. the results obtained were elaborated statistically. the method of filtration papers does not seem to be suitable for hit, whereas the cft was in several cases practicable. | 1976 | 944210 |
| efficacy of live attenuated influenza a/scotland/74 (h3n2) virus vaccine against challenge with influenza a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus. | for evaluation of heterologous protection by live attenuated influenza virus vaccine, 42 healthy volunteers with low titers of or no antibody to a/scotland/74 (h3n2) and a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) influenza viruses were given live attenuated a/scotland/74 (h3n2) virus vaccine or placebo by the intranasal route with no resultant vaccine-related illness. seventeen of 21 vaccine recipients and none of 21 placebo recipients developed antibody conversion. thirty-seven days after administration of vaccin ... | 1977 | 925382 |
| double-blind evaluation of oral ribavirin (virazole) in experimental influenza a virus infection in volunteers. | the prophylactic effectiveness of oral administration of ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) against experimentally induced influenza a infection was evaluated in a double-blind clinical trial in normal volunteers. fourteen men received ribavirin capsules (1,000 mg/day in four divided doses) and 15 other men received identical-appearing placebo capsules beginning 6 h after the intranasal inoculation of 3.4 log(10) 50% tissue culture infectious doses of influenza virus ... | 1977 | 921245 |
| [study of the sensitivity of different strians of the influenza a2 virus of rimantadine]. | the sensitivity of different influenza a2 (h3n2) virus strains to rimantadine in ovo was studied. the reference strains of influenza virus a/hong kong/1/68, a/england/42/72, a/scotland/840/74 as well as new epidemic strains isolated in the ussr and mongolia in 1974-1975 antigenically related to influenza a/port chalmers/1/73 virus were found to be sensitive to rimantadine. | 1977 | 919499 |
| comparative studies of wild-type and 'cold-mutant' (temperature sensitive) influenza viruses: geneology of the matrix (m) and non-structural (ns) proteins in recombinant cold-adapted h3n2 viruses. | the matrix (m) protein of the h2n2 virus a/ann arbor/6/60 may be distinguished from m protein of several h3n2 viruses and a/new jersey/76 (hswini) by sds acrylamide gel electrophoresis using a discontinuous buffer system. the smallest rna (rna 8) of the a/ann arbor/6/60 virus may be distinguished from rna 8 of several h3n2 viruses by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in 3% or 3-6% gels in the absence of urea, if electrophoresis is done at 30 to 36 degrees c or 20 degrees c respectively. ten clones ... | 1977 | 915481 |
| internal proteins of influenza virus: 35s-methionine peptide maps as genetic markers. | methods are described for the preparation in vivo of 35s-methionine-labelled influenza viruses, the purifiction of the nucleoprotein (np) and matrix (m) proteins and the separation of peptides obtained by protease digestion by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. the maps of the m proteins of a/okuda/57(h2n2) and a/finland/4/74(h3n2) were very similar overall but differed in three peptides. hence they could be clearly distinguished. maps of the np proteins of the same strains showed a grea ... | 1977 | 915480 |
| potentiation of the immune response to influenza virus subunit vaccines. | influenza subunit vaccines are poorly immunogenic in unprimed lower animals and man and methods were sought to potentiate the humoral response. influenza b intact virus vaccines potentiated the antibody response of hamsters to purified vaccines containing influenza a hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits. the levels of anitbody induced were at least as high as those induced by equivalent doses of whole virus. similarly, intact heterologous influenza a virus vaccine (a/victoria/3/75 [h3n2]) po ... | 1977 | 915292 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a virus. xiv. production and evaluation of influenza a/georgia/74-ts-1[e] recombinant viruses in human adults. | the two temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions present in influenza a/hong kong/68-ts-1[e] (h3n2 68) virus were transferred via genetic reassortment to influenza a/georgia/74 (h3n2 74) wild-type virus. a recombinant clone possessing both ts lesions and the shutoff temperature of 38 c of the hong kong/68 ts donor and the two surface antigens of the georgia/74 wild-type virus was administered to 32 seronegative adult volunteers. thirty-one volunteers were infected, of whom only five experienced mild a ... | 1977 | 894078 |
| rnas of influenza virus recombinants derived from parents of known virulence for man. | extensive use of recombinants made from a/pr/8/34 (h0n1) and wild, virulent h3n2 viruses as live influenza vaccines has provided a number of viruses of defined virulence for man. clinical symptoms produced by these strains have ranged from febrile influenza to local coryzal symptoms or nil. a study was therefore made of the extent to which the pr8 genome had been incorporated into that of a number of the recombinants. by rna--rna hybridization it seemed that recombinants which had 55 per cent of ... | 1977 | 889441 |
| intradermal administration of bivalent and monovalent influenza vaccines. | intradermal (id) administration of 0.1 ml of a bivalent influenza vaccine containing 40 cca units each of influenza a/new jersey (hswine 1n1) and a/victoria (h3n2) virus antigens and of a monovalent vaccine containing 100 cca units of influenza b/hong kong virus to 70 adult volunteers produced no serious reactions and only 7% bothersome side effects. excluding persons with high (1:64 or greater) initial antibody titers, then 90% and 85% of persons had fourfold or greater rises in hai antibodies ... | 1977 | 889154 |
| epidemics of haemorrhagic cystitis due to influenza a virus. | the present communication describes studies on thirty-three patients with haemorrhagic cystitis. the current epidemic variant of influenza type a virus, a/tehran/5/75 (h3n2) [antigenically similar to a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2)], was recovered from the throats of eighteen and the urine of three patients. hi antibody rises to a/tehran/5/75 virus were detected in over 50% of the cystitis patients tested. | 1977 | 876931 |
| an attenuated influenza virus vaccine: protection against homologous and heterologous strains of virus. | an effective influenza virus vaccine should be capable of inducing protection against both the homologous strain of virus and the heterologous strains representing antigenic drift. for evaluation of the protection provided by an attenuated influenza virus vaccine, volunteers were immunized intranasally with either placebo or influenza a/england/42/72 (h3n2) virus vaccine in a double-blind fashion in two doses administered two weeks apart. forty-seven subjects were challenged 30-100 days after th ... | 1977 | 870566 |
| persistence of hong kong influenza virus variants in pigs. | the a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) influenza virus which has not been isolated from man for several years, was recently isolated from pigs in hong kong. influenza viruses similar to a/victoria/3/75, which are currently circulating in man, were also isolated from pigs. both above-mentioned viruses could be transmitted readily from pig to pig in experimental studies. the isolation of influenza viruses similar to a/hong kong/68 from pigs in 1976 suggests that pigs may serve as a potential reservoir for fu ... | 1977 | 867041 |
| isolation of an influenza virus, similar to a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) from a common murre at sakhalin island in u.s.s.r. (strain a/common murre/sakhalin/1/74). | an influenza a virus isolated from the cloaca of a common murre was characterized antigenically as h3n2 and was most closely related to the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain. serological studies of sera collected from common murres in the area of virus isolation showed that 21 per cent of the birds had antibodies to hong kong influenza virus. | 1977 | 851395 |
| [antigenic hemagglutinating characterization of influenza virus a/torino/1/75 (h3n2)]. | an a strain influenza virus isolated in turin during the winter of 1974-75 was antigenetically related to the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain and dominant with respect to it. in addition, it was dissimilar and antigenically distant from the a/scotland/840/74 strain. | 1977 | 840439 |
| effects of low- and high-passage influenza virus infection in normal and nude mice. | a human isolate of type a hong kong influenza virus (h3n2) was adapted to mice by serial passage. lung homogenates from mice who received low passage levels contained about the same quantity of virus (10(6.2-6.95) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml) as those from mice who received high passage levels (10(5.95-6.45) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml); however, death occurred only in animals given high-passage virus. passage 3 (p3) and passage 9 (p9) viruses were selected as representative ... | 1977 | 832899 |
| spreading of virus infection among wild birds and monkeys during the influenza epidemic caused by the victoria(3)75 variant of a(h3n2) virus. | 1976 | 829760 | |
| [comparative determination of cellular reactivity during infection with influenza virus a (h3n2)]. | among 28 strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated from human patients 3 strains were found to be capable of replication in continuous monkey kidney cell cultures. when cells of different origins (ppo, chick embryo chorioallantio membrane, human nasal mucosa) were infected with the virus or when ppo were infected with allantoic or cultural virus strains, the pathological changes were of the same type. no specific inclusions were found in the cells. adaptation of the virus to ppo cells resulte ... | 1976 | 824822 |
| influenza alone and in sequence with pneumonia due to streptococcus pneumoniae in the squirrel monkey. | squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) inoculated intratracheally with 10(4.2)-10(8.2) egg median infectious doses (eid50) of type a influenza virus (h3n2) responded with clinical illness including such signs as fever, sneezing or coughing, coryza, and increased respiratory rates. necropsy studies performed six days after inoculation revealed bronchopneumonia in addition to a mild tracheitis. squirrel monkeys given 10(5)-6 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu) of streptococcus pneumoniae intratracheal ... | 1975 | 811714 |
| safety and antigenicity of influenza a/hong kong/68-ts-1 (e) (h3n2). | influenza a/hong kong/68-ts-1 [e] (h3n2) vaccine was administered intranasally to 18 seronegative children 14 to 32 months of age. fourteen children, 78%, shed influenza a/hong kong virus for a mean of eight days following vaccination. sixteen children, 89%, experienced a fourfold or greater rise in hemagglutination-inhibition antibody. some children appeared to experience a febrile reaction to the vaccine although interpretation of this data was complicated by intercurrent illness. these findin ... | 1975 | 810557 |
| replication of influenza virus in organ cultures of human and simian urogenital tissues and human foetal tissues. | a survey of human adult tissues in organ cultures showed that influenza viruses (a/moscow/1019/65 (h2n2) or a recombinant virus virulent for man (pr/8-a/england/939/69 clone 7a(h3n2)) could infect uterus, bladder and conjunctiva but not oesophagus under the conditions employed; simian bladder and uterus were also susceptible. these results were similar to those already described for corresponding ferret tissues. organ cultures of human foetal nasal mucosa, trachea, oesophagus, small and large in ... | 1975 | 809051 |
| comparative efficacy of neuraminidase-specific and conventional influenza virus vaccines in induction of antibody to neuraminidase in humans. | groups of college students received either conventional a/england/42/72 (h3n2) vaccine (x-37), an antigenic hybrid (heq1n2) vaccine (x-38) containing the same neuraminidase (and thus effectively neuraminidase-monospecific), or a placebo injection. the vaccines contained 798 and 643 chick cell-agglutinating units per dose, respectively, and equivalent immunogenic units of n2 as defined in antigenic extinction tests in rabbits. all subjects had antibody to n2 before immunization, and mean initial ... | 1976 | 789791 |
| natural challenge of subjects vaccinated with wrl 105 strain live influenza vaccine in a residential community. | in the spring of 1975 an outbreak of influenza associated with influenza virus a/scotland/840/74 virus occurred in a residential college where the previous autumn some students had been immunised with a single intranasal dose of recombinant wrl 105 (h3n2) (a/okuda/57xa/finland/4/74) strain live attenuated infleunza virus vaccine. during the outbreak none of seven students who had been vaccinated suffered from influenza but an influenzal illness did occur in four of eleven who had received placeb ... | 1976 | 782969 |
| clinical evaluation of neuraminidase monospecific (heqn2) recombinant influenza vaccine in children. | phased clinical trials were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of neuraminidase specific recombinant (heqn2) inactivated influenza vaccine in a population of school children. groups of subjects were immunized under code, with influenza a2 port chalmer (h3n2), port chalmer neuraminidase recombinant (heqn2), and placebo vaccines (vaccine diluent) before the onset of a2 strain influenza epidemic in this population. preliminary results have provided the following information. immunization with comm ... | 1976 | 782964 |
| [automatic complement fixation reaction applied to the diagnosis of influenza (author's transl)]. | auto-analysis has been adapted to the study of complement fixation on flu antigen-antibody complexes. the antigen used consists of a complete virus of strain a2/aichi/68/h3n2 (antigen of envelope v). the advantages of this method reside in the reproducibility of the results and in instrumental reading with graphic recording and conservation of a graphical result. the recording of the percentage of hemolysis given by the auto-analyser permits calculation of the rate of the reaction k37 of complem ... | 1976 | 778753 |
| comparative clinical and laboratory evaluation of the prophylactic capacity of ribavirin, amantadine hydrochloride, and placebo in induced human influenza type a. | the comparative prophylactic effectiveness of oral treatment with ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4,triazole-3-carboxamide; virazole) and amantadine hydrochloride against artificially induced infection with influenza a virus was evaluated in 29 seronegative men who received ribavirin capsules (200 mg) three times daily, placebo capsules three times daily, or amantadine capsules (100 mg) twice daily. medication was started two days before the inoculation of 2 x 10(4) 50% tissue culture infe ... | 1976 | 778307 |