Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| surface antigens on a kenyan strain of leishmania donovani. | 1983 | 6628296 | |
| liposomal chemotherapy in visceral leishmaniasis: an ultrastructural study of an intracellular pathway. | the intracellular fate of liposomes administered intracardially was examined in the liver and spleen of hamsters experimentally infected with leishmania donovani. separate groups of animals were treated with liposomes containing either an antileishmanial agent, a colloidal gold marker, or saline. ultrastructural examinations of lysosomal interactions with the parasitophorous vacuole and with phagocytized liposomes were made. lysosomes readily fused with the parasitophorous vacuoles but appeared ... | 1983 | 6624193 |
| leishmaniasis in brazil. xix: visceral leishmaniasis in the amazon region, and the presence of lutzomyia longipalpis on the island of marajó, pará state. | sporadic cases of visceral leishmaniasis in amazonian brazil appear limited to pará state, in the lower amazon valley and principally near the atlantic coast. the fox cerdocyon thous (l.) has been incriminated as a natural host of the causative parasite, leishmania donovani chagasi, but past doubts have existed over the identification of the most likely vector as lutzomyia (lutzomyia) longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912). investigations on two of five recent cases of visceral leishmaniasis of man in ... | 1983 | 6623589 |
| differential survival of leishmania donovani amastigotes in human monocytes. | leishmania donovani is an important intracellular protozoal pathogen of man; it is found solely within macrophages in its amastigote stage in humans, and exists in its extracellular, flagellated promastigote stage in the sandfly, its arthropod vector. to determine if either stage of l. donovani was capable of surviving within monocytes--the oxidatively active precursors of tissue macrophages--interactions of the parasite with human monocytes were studied in vitro. amastigotes and promastigotes w ... | 1983 | 6619546 |
| leishmania donovani: oral efficacy and toxicity of formycin b in the infected hamster. | formycin b, a structural analog of inosine, was evaluated as an orally administrable antileishmanial agent. against leishmania donovani in hamsters, it achieved an 85-92% reduction in numbers of parasites in livers of infected animals after oral administration at 13 mg/kg/day for 4 days. its efficacy by oral administration was approximately four to eight times that by intramuscular administration and four times that of the positive control drug glucantime by intramuscular administration. the lev ... | 1983 | 6617804 |
| immunoprophylaxis against kala-azar. iv (b). immunization of golden hamsters against leishmania donovani. | 1983 | 6609188 | |
| leishmania donovani infection in heterozygous and recombinant h-2 haplotype mice. | on a b10 (lshs) genetic background the development of acquired t-cell-mediated immunity to leishmania donovani infection in mice is under h-2-linked genetic control. three phenotypic patterns of recovery were previously observed: "early cure" (h-2s, h-2r), "cure" (h-2b) and "noncure" (h-2d, h-2q, h-2f), with cure behaving as a recessive trait in h-2b/h-2d mice. in this study the long-term response to l. donovani is followed over 130 days of infection in eight recombinant haplotype strains and in ... | 1983 | 6604020 |
| leishmania donovani infection in athymic mice derived from parental strains of the susceptible (lshs) or resistant (lshr) phenotype. | 1984 | 6593394 | |
| dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa): a micro technique for the rapid diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | a micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilizing antigen dotted onto nitrocellulose filter discs (dot-elisa) was developed for the rapid diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. leishmania donovani promastigotes applied to filter discs in volumes of 1 microliter were placed in 96-well microtiter plates, blocked with bovine serum albumin, then incubated with 4-fold dilutions of patient sera. after incubation with peroxidase-conjugated anti-human antibody, washing and addition of precipitable subst ... | 1983 | 6549606 |
| comparison of three culture media for isolating leishmania donovani from splenic aspirates in kenyan visceral leishmaniasis. | 1984 | 6545198 | |
| effect of passage level in the immunization of hissar strain albino mice with eh9 strain against leishmania donovani. | 1984 | 6535787 | |
| natural infection of the opossum didelphis albiventris (marsupialia, didelphidae) with leishmania donovani, in brazil. | an opossum, didelphis albiventris, from jacobina, bahia state, was found naturally infected with leishmania donovani, being the first non-canid wild mammal to be detected with the agent of kala-azar in the new world. | 1984 | 6533423 |
| the effect of bcg-vaccine upon experimental visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters. | stimulation with bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccine has been reported to enhance resistance of mice against leishmania donovani infection. such infection is usually lethal in hamsters, thus providing a more stringent animal model to assess the effect of bcg upon visceral leishmaniasis. animals receive two ip injections (2-8 x 10(7) bcg) pre or post ic challenge with 4 x 10(6) amastigotes. controls received bcg alone (with no infection) or were untreated (nt). pretreated animals exhibited sig ... | 1984 | 6508226 |
| histopathological and ultrastructural aspects of interstitial pneumonitis of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | golden hamsters inoculated with leishmania donovani developed interstitial pneumonitis. three developmental phases were characterized: exudative, cellular and fibrotic. from the sequence of events, a relationship between the types of cellular proliferation and the appearance of fibrosis could be established. the participation of septal interstitial cells with lipid inclusions (icli) in the process and their possible role in the development of fibrosis was demonstrated. | 1984 | 6506158 |
| antidepressants cause lethal disruption of membrane function in the human protozoan parasite leishmania. | the antidepressant compounds clomipramine and nitroimipramine were cidal to extracellular promastigotes of both human protozoan parasites leishmania donovani and leishmania major. clomipramine also killed amastigotes of both species within murine macrophages with no apparent toxicity to the host cells. further, amastigotes were more sensitive than promastigotes to clomipramine. clomipramine (100 micromoles per liter or 0.2 nanomole per 1 x 10(6) cells) inhibited l-proline transport in promastigo ... | 1984 | 6505677 |
| genetic analysis of adenine metabolism in leishmania donovani promastigotes. evidence for diploidy at the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase locus. | mutant promastigotes of leishmania donovani deficient in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (ap-rib transferase) have been isolated in medium containing 4-aminopyrazolopyrimidine. the generation of ap-rib transferase-deficient mutants occurred in two discrete steps. in the first step, clones were isolated with 50% of wild-type levels of ap-rib transferase activity. these cells were reselected, and colonies totally deficient in ap-rib transferase were isolated. wild-type and ap-rib transferase-def ... | 1984 | 6501311 |
| use of immunological manipulations in studying genetically controlled responses to leishmania donovani infection in mice. | 1984 | 6493810 | |
| a study of the differential respiratory burst activity elicited by promastigotes and amastigotes of leishmania donovani in murine resident peritoneal macrophages. | acridine orange and ethidium bromide and a combination of fluorescent and transmitted light microscopy used in conjunction with the qualitative nitroblue tetrazolium assay for superoxide anion (o2-) release demonstrated dramatic differences in the binding of and respiratory burst (rb) activity elicited by promastigotes and amastigotes of leishmania donovani in resident peritoneal macrophages (m phi) from c57bl/10scsn mice. when amastigotes were incubated with m phi for 30 min the number of paras ... | 1984 | 6490087 |
| immunodiagnosis of giardiasis by elisa and studies on cross-reactivity between the anti-giardia lamblia antibodies and some heterologous parasitic antigens and fractions. | specific antibodies against giardia lamblia in 92 sera from asymptomatic carriers were investigated by elisa. using cyst antigen, antibodies were detected in 91 of the sera, by means of alkaline phosphatase-labelled antispecies immunoglobulin. the e/405nm values of the positive sera ranged between 0.350 and 1.700, whereas in the 78 control sera they were 0.270 +/- 0.220. cross-reactivity between the anti-g. lamblia antibodies and 18 heterologous parasitic antigens and fractions was also studied. ... | 1984 | 6486935 |
| glucose transport in leishmania donovani promastigotes. | mid-log phase leishmania donovani promastigotes accumulated 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dog) via a carrier mediated transport system, maintaining an apparent km of 24.4 microm and a vmax of 3.12 nmol mg-1 protein min-1. d-glucose but not l-glucose competitively inhibited the 2-dog transport with an apparent ki of 18.7 microm. transport of 2-dog was inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol and nan3. the parasites maintained a 2-dog gradient of at least 79 fold across the surface membrane, demonstrating the active ... | 1984 | 6482908 |
| stage-specific variations in lectin binding to leishmania donovani. | visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the dimorphic protozoan leishmania donovani, which exists as an aflagellar amastigote within mammalian mononuclear phagocytes and as a flagellated extracellular promastigote in its sandfly vector. we have identified four plant lectins that bind to the l. donovani surface, and through these we have documented stage-specific differences in exposed surface carbohydrates. concanavalin a bound to both promastigotes and amastigotes; binding was inhibited by mannose ... | 1984 | 6480103 |
| leishmania chagasi and l. donovani: experimental infections in domestic cats. | the susceptibility of domestic cats to visceral leishmaniasis was examined by inoculating cats with amastigotes of leishmania donovani and l. chagasi by the intravenous route, and with promastigotes of l. chagasi by the intradermal route. parasites were recovered from intravenously inoculated cats as long as 16 weeks after inoculation, but parasites apparently did not locate in the viscera in cats inoculated intradermally. parasites were not detected in intravenously inoculated cats killed at 24 ... | 1984 | 6479284 |
| [new natural reservoir of leishmania donovani in georgia]. | 1980 | 6451794 | |
| evaluation of different subcellular fractions of leishmania donovani for immunodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | 1984 | 6440858 | |
| arachidonic acid metabolism in murine leishmaniasis (donovani): ex-vivo evidence for increased cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase activity in spleen cells. | this study examined the metabolism of arachidonic acid (20:4) by splenic mononuclear cells from balb/c mice infected with leishmania donovani. spleen cells removed from mice after either 4 or 8 weeks of infection and cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (pha) incorporated 60-70% less [3h]thymidine and synthesized 2- to 5-fold more prostaglandin e2 than did spleen cells from normal mice. inhibition of cyclooxygenation by sodium meclofenamate was associated with restoration of pha-induce ... | 1984 | 6435888 |
| purine salvage enzymes in leishmania donovani and trichomonas vaginalis. | 1984 | 6426255 | |
| killing of intracellular leishmania donovani by lymphokine-stimulated human mononuclear phagocytes. evidence that interferon-gamma is the activating lymphokine. | we have found that the crude lymphokines, which prime the human monocyte-derived macrophage to generate h2o2 and exert microbicidal activity against intracellular leishmania donovani, are rich in interferon (ifn)-gamma (600-3,000 u/ml). to determine the role of this specific lymphocyte product in macrophage activation, lymphokines were pretreated with a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes human ifn-gamma. antibody exposure completely abolished the capacity of both mitogen- and antigen-stimulate ... | 1983 | 6415111 |
| resistance to infection: looking for new genes. | genetic factors in resistance to infection, somewhat neglected with the development of microbiology, are again receiving careful attention. although there are numerous reports of infection resulting from deficiencies in, for example, immunoglobulins or complement components, specific abnormalities in resistance associated with particular hla groups have been unexpectedly rare. in mice, the ity gene on chromosome 1, which is important in resistance to salmonella typhimurium infection, may well be ... | 1983 | 6409191 |
| suppression of macrophage antimicrobial activity by a tumor cell product. | medium conditioned by tumor cells (tcm) and certain nonmalignant cells contains a trypsin-sensitive factor that suppresses macrophage oxidative metabolism. because the killing of intracellular pathogens such as toxoplasma gondii and leishmania donovani by macrophages is largely oxygen-dependent, we tested the effect of tcm on the antiprotozoal activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. after 24 hr of cultivation with tcm, in vivo and in vitro activated macrophages could no longer kill toxoplasmas ... | 1983 | 6408180 |
| immunofluorescent antibody test in american visceral leishmaniasis: sensitivity and specificity of different morphological forms of two leishmania species. | this study was designed to determine which morphologic form and species of leishmania is most suitable for detection of antibody in sera from american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) patients by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). promastigotes and amastigotes of leishmania mexicana or leishmania donovani chagasi were used as sources of antigen. a total of 70 sera, including 30 from avl patients, 30 from healthy subjects and 10 from chagas' disease patients, were used in the study. titer ... | 1983 | 6407345 |
| [experimental infection of calomys callosus (rodentia-cricetidae) with leishmania donovani chagasi (laison, 1982)]. | 1984 | 6393312 | |
| leishmaniasis in greece i. isolation and identification of the parasite causing human and canine visceral leishmaniasis. | three human and 19 canine leishmanial stocks were typed according to their excreted factor serotype and the electrophoretic mobility of their mdh, gpi, g6pdh and 6pgdh and shown to be identical with regard to these characters and, thus with leishmania donovani infantum. this verifies the opinion of earlier researchers, who suggested that the parasites which cause human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in greece are the same organism and that dogs are the reservoir for the human infection. the c ... | 1984 | 6383236 |
| immune complex decomplementation of canine sera for use in a complement-fixation test for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | canine sera frequently become anti-complementary when heat-inactivated at 56 degrees c for 30 min, and generally cannot be used in standard complement-fixation (cf) assays. therefore, a procedure was developed for decomplementing canine sera by absorption with particulate immune complexes consisting of sheep erythrocyte stroma optimally sensitized with anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody (hemolysin). canine sera incubated for 20 min at 30 degrees c with sensitized stroma consistently showed less tha ... | 1984 | 6383094 |
| production of hybrids of mouse myeloma cells and protozoa which express parasite antigens. | mouse myeloma cells were fused with blood stage forms of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium chabaudi and with promastigotes of leishmania donovani, the causative agent of kala-azar in man. the fusion was carried out by polyethylene glycol treatment. the parasites provided the enzyme which enabled the hybrids to grow in selective medium containing aminopterin. clones of parasite-myeloma hybrids grown in continuous culture for up to 5 months expressed parasite antigen and induced anti-parasite ... | 1984 | 6378772 |
| transfer of innate resistance and susceptibility to leishmania donovani infection in mouse radiation bone marrow chimaeras. | reciprocal radiation bone marrow chimaeras were made between h-2-compatible strains of mice innately resistant or susceptible to visceral leishmaniasis. in initial experiments, susceptibility but not resistance to leishmania donovani could be transferred with donor bone marrow into irradiated recipients. in subsequent experiments it was possible to transfer both resistance and susceptibility. this was achieved either by selecting more radiosensitive mouse strains as susceptible recipients, or al ... | 1984 | 6378765 |
| production and characterization of species-specific monoclonal antibodies against leishmania donovani for immunodiagnosis. | sixteen species-specific monoclonal antibodies were produced against membranes of leishmania donovani. these antibodies only reacted with determinants present on l. donovani. no cross-reactions were found with any other species of leishmania or with membranes of trypanosoma cruzi. an extensive analysis of the binding specificities of selected antibodies was carried out by using whole promastigote homogenates as antigen. monoclonal antibodies d-1, d-2, d-3, and d-4 correctly identified all 44 l. ... | 1984 | 6373932 |
| identification of cross-reactive promastigote cell surface antigens of some leishmanial stocks by 125i labeling and immunoprecipitation. | externally oriented surface membrane constituents of promastigotes from several leishmania species were radiolabeled with 125i. autoradiographs of cell surface-labeled and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated proteins of the stocks revealed distinctive patterns of bands in the molecular weight range of 6,000 to 240,000. immunoprecipitation of detergent extracts of the labeled promastigote stocks with anti-leishmania donovani membrane serum demonstrated that each of ... | 1984 | 6363295 |
| cell biology of host-parasite membrane interactions in leishmaniasis. | molecular interactions at the host-parasite interface are crucial for the outcome of microbial infection, particularly in infection by intracellular parasites, such as leishmania donovani and leishmania mexicana, whose natural transmission begins with the delivery of the promastigote stage by the sandfly vector into the susceptible host. the ensuing event is intracellular parasitism of macrophages in the host by the amastigote stage. the establishment of this event in leishmaniasis must follow t ... | 1983 | 6357669 |
| the identification of kala-azar and the discovery of leishmania donovani. | 1983 | 6345968 | |
| a balb/c congenic strain of mice that carries a genetic locus (ityr) controlling resistance to intracellular parasites. | balb/c.dba/2 idh-1b-ityr-pep-3b congenic mice were developed by introgressively backcrossing the idh-1b and pep-3b markers of dba/2 mice onto the balb/c pi mice. this introduced a 30-centimorgan chromosome 1 segment of dba/2 chromatin that contained the ityr gene. balb/c.dba/2 idh-1b-ityr-pep-3b mice were resistant to in vivo infections by salmonella typhimurium, mycobacterium bovis, and leishmania donovani. | 1983 | 6343242 |
| [immunologic findings in juvenile mediterranean kala-azar]. | the course of immunological parameters in a 2 year old patient with mediterranean kala-azar is reported. plasma-fibronectin was reduced to 33% of the normal value at the time of diagnosis. when the clinical symptoms of the disease were most severe, a marked activation of complement without demonstrable circulating immune complexes was observed. therapy with sodium-stibogluconate lead to improvement of the child's condition, normalization of complement reaction and fibronectin levels, and detecti ... | 1984 | 6328286 |
| surface membrane localization of 3'- and 5'-nucleotidase activities in leishmania donovani promastigotes. | distinct 3'- and 5'-nucleotidase activities were localized to the surface membrane of leishmania donovani promastigotes using enzymatic reactions with live intact cells and fine structure enzyme-mediated cytochemical reactions with intact cells, cell homogenates, and isolated surface membranes. the results indicated that virtually all activity of both enzymes was restricted to the parasite surface membrane. cytochemical localization results demonstrated that both activities were externally dispo ... | 1984 | 6321980 |
| the effect of treatment of the associated disease on the development of amyloidosis in the experimental animal. | thirty-five golden hamsters infected with leishmania donovani were treated with pentostam and followed up to determine the effect of treatment on the development of secondary amyloidosis. seventy untreated golden hamsters infected with l. donovani were followed up as controls to determine the pattern of development of secondary amyloidosis. amyloid developed in all animals treated and untreated. the treatment significantly prolonged the survival time, but did not inhibit the development of renal ... | 1983 | 6312004 |
| evidence for distinct 5'- and 3'-nucleotidase activities in the surface membrane fraction of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | a surface membrane fraction isolated from leishmania donovani promastigotes contained distinct 5'- and 3'-nucleotidase activities. these were distinguished from each other, and from a previously described surface membrane nonspecific acid phosphomonoesterase, on the basis of several properties. the 5'- and 3'-nucleotidases had p' optima of 6.5 and 8.5, respectively. in contrast to the 3'-nucleotidase, the 5'-nucleotidase was inhibited by both ammonium molybdate and fluoride ions; the latter indu ... | 1983 | 6308442 |
| killing of intracellular leishmania donovani by human mononuclear phagocytes. evidence for oxygen-dependent and -independent leishmanicidal activity. | human peripheral blood monocytes were cultivated for 1-30 d before assay for h2o2 release or challenge with leishmania donovani promastigotes (ldp) or amastigotes (lda). 1-d cells readily generated h2o2 in response to both phorbol myristate acetate triggering (1,013 +/- 58 nmol/mg protein . 90 min) and ldp ingestion, and killed 50% of ldp within 6 h, and 90% by 24 h. in contrast, the same cells released little h2o2 during lda ingestion, killed no lda at 6 h and less than 30% by 24 h, and support ... | 1983 | 6308049 |
| inefficacy of metronidazole in experimental infections of leishmania donovani, l. mexicana, and trypanosoma brucei brucei. | metronidazole has been claimed in several earlier reports to be active in human cases of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. its efficacy against the protozoa causing these diseases was tested in hamsters infected with leishmania mexicana or l. donovani, and in mice infected with trypanosoma brucei brucei. in separate experiments, hamsters were either inoculated intradermally into the nose with 5 million amastigotes of l. mexicana or intracardially with 10-30 million amastigotes of l. donovani, a ... | 1983 | 6305218 |
| efficacy of combined immunostimulation and chemotherapy in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | a regimen of combined immunostimulation and chemotherapy for the elimination of leishmania donovani amastigotes was evaluated. an in vitro experimental model utilized cultured peritoneal macrophages from c57b1/6 mice infected with l. donovani tissue forms. partial or complete activation of macrophages as judged by killing of tumor cells significantly enhanced the efficacy of sodium antimony gluconate (pentostam). the quantity of drug required for elimination of parasites from immunostimulated ce ... | 1983 | 6301300 |
| pretreatment with phorbol myristate acetate inhibits macrophage activity against intracellular protozoa. | to further document the role of toxic oxygen intermediates in mononuclear phagocyte antiprotozoal activity, microbicidal macrophages were depleted of the capacity to generate superoxide anion (o-2) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) by pretreatment with phorbol myristate acetate (pma), a soluble agent which triggers the macrophage respiratory burst. treating cells for 90 min with 200 ng/ml of pma inhibited the extracellular release of both o-2 and h2o2 by 90% upon subsequent restimulation with either ... | 1982 | 6288939 |
| oxidant-mediated damage of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | dissemination of leishmania within the host is related to parasites undergoing unchecked proliferation. we therefore studied the effects of oxidant generating systems on promastigote multiplication by (i) direct determinations of organism proliferation and (ii) the incorporation of [3h]uracil into promastigote nucleoprotein. these two parameters correlated closely as measures of organism replication as demonstrated by parallel suppression of them by the protein synthesis inhibitors puromycin and ... | 1982 | 6284640 |
| a role for oxygen-dependent mechanisms in killing of leishmania donovani tissue forms by activated macrophages. | leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, infects macrophages (m phi ) of susceptible vertebrates. immunologically activated m phi are leishmanicidal, but the mechanisms involved in the killing process are not well defined. we sought to investigate the role of reactive oxygen intermediates in the killing of l. donovani. both the free-swimming promastigote and the intracellular amastigote forms were found to be susceptible to killing in vitro by hydrogen peroxide and oth ... | 1982 | 6282971 |
| cell-mediated immune response in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. ii. oxygen-dependent killing of intracellular leishmania donovani amastigotes. | 1982 | 6282967 | |
| stage-specific differences of a perhaps signal-transferring system in leishmania donovani. | there are stage-specific differences of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (amp)-catabolizing reactions in amastigote and promastigote leishmania donovani cells: 1. the ph-optimum of nucleotidase activity is 9.2 in amastigote cells and 5.4 in promastigote cells, 2. adenosine, product of the nucleotidase reaction, is metabolized in a different way: in amastigote cells it is deaminated to inosine while in promastigote cells it is cleaved to adenine. consequently, hypoxanthine is formed by a cleavage of in ... | 1980 | 6262957 |
| an in vitro model for investigation of chemotherapeutic agents in leishmaniasis. | clinically achievable concentrations of the three major antileishmanial drugs in use--pentavalent antimony, pentamidine, and amphotericin b--eliminated 90%--100% of the mammalian forms (amastigotes) of leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani from in vitro infected human monocyte-derived macrophages. this is apparently the first report of in vitro susceptibility of leishmania to pentavalent antimony or to pentamidine. the insensitivity of insect forms (promastigotes) multiplying in cell-free m ... | 1980 | 6249874 |
| genetic analysis of nucleoside transport in leishmania donovani. | genetic dissection of nucleoside transport in leishmania donovani indicates that the insect vector form of these parasites possesses two biochemically distinct nucleoside transport systems. the first transports inosine, guanosine, and formycin b, and the second transports pyrimidine nucleosides and the adenosine analogs, formycin a and tubercidin. adenosine is transported by both systems. a mutant, fbd5, isolated by virtue of its resistance to growth inhibition by 5 microm formycin b, cannot eff ... | 1984 | 6234454 |
| immunoregulation of genetically controlled acquired responses to leishmania donovani infection in mice: demonstration and characterization of suppressor t cells in noncure mice. | on a b10 genetic background, genes in the i region of h-2 influence the development of acquired t-cell mediated immunity to leishmania donovani infection in mice. in previous studies, noncure in h-2d mice could be abrogated by pretreatments with cyclophosphamide or sublethal irradiation. the prophylactic effect of these pretreatments was consistent with deletion of the precursors of suppressor t cells suppressing t-cell-mediated immune responses. in this study, cell transfer experiments provide ... | 1984 | 6231248 |
| immunoregulation of genetically controlled acquired responses to leishmania donovani infection in mice: the effects of parasite dose, cyclophosphamide and sublethal irradiation. | on a b10 (lshs) genetic background, the development of acquired t cell mediated immunity to leishmania donovani infection in mice is under h-2 linked genetic control. following intravenous inoculation of 10(7) amastigotes three phenotypic patterns of recovery have been described: 'early cure' (h-2r,s), 'cure' (h-2b) and 'non-cure' (h-2d,q,f). in an attempt to determine the immunological basis for this h-2 linked genetic control the effects of varying parasite dose (5 x 10(3) to 5 x 10(7) amastig ... | 1983 | 6226920 |
| interleukin 2 deficiency in murine leishmaniasis donovani and its relationship to depressed spleen cell responses to phytohemagglutinin. | this study examined the kinetics and mechanisms of depressed spleen cell responses to phytohemagglutinin (pha) that occur during leishmania donovani infection of balb/c mice. in co-culture experiments, neither spleen cells from infected animals nor parasite-infected macrophages suppressed pha responses of normal spleen cells. in addition, parasite-mediated suppression of pha-stimulated spleen cell proliferation could not be demonstrated. mice with 2 wk of infection did manifest an impairment in ... | 1983 | 6224858 |
| leishmaniasis in beige mice. | the courses of two protozoal diseases, cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, were examined in three groups of c57bl/6j mice. one group of mice was homozygous recessive for the beige gene (bg/bg). beige mice are the genetic homologue of the human chédiak-higashi syndrome and, among other defects, are profoundly deficient in natural killer cell activity. wild-type (+/+) mice, which respond to experimental cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis by eventually eliminating their parasites, and heterozygo ... | 1982 | 6218091 |
| mechanisms of depression of splenic natural killer cell function in c57bl/6 mice infected with leishmania donovani. | c57bl/6 mice chronically infected with the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani exhibit profoundly depressed splenic natural killer (nk) cell activity as measured by in vitro cytolysis of lymphoma target cells. injection of infected mice with an interferon (ifn) inducer or in vitro treatment of infected splenocytes with ifn, a phorbol ester, or indomethacin failed to restore their nk activity to the degree shown by age-matched, uninfected mice. fractionation of infected splenocytes by nylon wo ... | 1984 | 6205773 |
| biochemical genetic analysis of formycin b action in leishmania donovani. | formycin b is cytotoxic toward leishmania and is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for leishmaniasis. in order to determine the mechanism of action of formycin b, we have isolated and characterized clonal populations of formycin b-resistant leishmania donovani. these formycin b-resistant clones are also cross-resistant to formycin a and allopurinol riboside-mediated growth inhibition. incubation of the formycin b-resistant cells with [3h]formycin b indicates that, unlike wild type cells, the re ... | 1984 | 6203896 |
| splenic natural killer-cell activity in mice infected with leishmania donovani. | several strains of inbred mice were infected with the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani, and, at several points during the infection, spleens of groups of these mice were tested for natural killer (nk)-cell activity vs lymphoma target cells in vitro and were evaluated for parasite burdens. generally, elevated followed by normal (compared to uninfected control mice) or subnormal nk responses occurred as the result of infection. elevated nk responses were not accompanied by high circulating l ... | 1984 | 6201286 |
| purine metabolism in leishmania donovani amastigotes and promastigotes. | purine metabolism in leishmania donovani amastigotes was found to be similar to that of promastigotes with the exception of adenosine metabolism. adenosine kinase activity in amastigotes is approximately 50-fold greater than in promastigotes. amastigotes deaminate adenosine to inosine through adenosine deaminase, an enzyme not present in promastigotes. inosine is cleaved to hypoxanthine and phosphoribosylated by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. promastigotes cleave adenosine to ad ... | 1983 | 6199667 |
| recognition of leishmania donovani antigens by murine t lymphocyte lines and clones. species cross-reactivity, functional correlates of cell-mediated immunity, and antigen characterization. | studies in man and experimental animals suggest that cell-mediated immunity is of primary importance in limiting the pathogenesis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. in an attempt to determine, more directly, the role of t lymphocytes and the nature of the antigens that activate them, we have propagated antigen-specific murine t lymphocyte lines and clones that proliferate in response to antigens present on the membrane of intact leishmania donovani promastigotes. one such line cross-reacts ... | 1983 | 6193191 |
| evaluation of antigens for the serodiagnosis of kala-azar and oriental sores by means of the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat). | antigens and corresponding sera were collected from travellers with leishmaniasis returning to germany from different endemic areas of the old world. the antigenicity of these leishmania strains, which were maintained in syrian hamsters, was compared by indirect immunofluorescence (ifat). antigenicity was demonstrated by antibody titres in 18 sera from 11 patients. the amastigotic stages of nine strains of leishmania donovani and four strains of leishmania tropica were compared with each other a ... | 1981 | 6174454 |
| leishmania donovani: correlation among assays of amastigote viability. | 1980 | 6159230 | |
| exometabolites of leishmania donovani promastigotes. ii. spontaneous changes of exometabolite after isolation. | the defined medium of steiger and teiger conditioned by growth oif leishmania domovani strain 3s promastigotes served as the primary source of parasite exometabolites. four fractions of the conditioned medium were recovered by sephadex g-25 column chromatography. these fractions shared immunologic determinants, but differed in their molecular weights, affinity of sephadex g-25, and absorption spectra. degradation and/or aggregation of one of the fractions (fraction iv) appeared to yield substanc ... | 1980 | 6158194 |
| mechanisms of acquired immunity in leishmaniasis. | self-curing cutaneous leishmaniasis depends on t cell-mediated immune activation of infected macrophages. failure of immune control in inbred mouse models of metastasizing mucocutaneous and visceralizing forms of the disease involves, respectively, insusceptibility of the parasite and the generation of t cells that suppress a potentially curative response. prophylactic immunization in man has so far been restricted to cutaneous leishmaniasis and based on inducing infection under controlled condi ... | 1984 | 6151691 |
| uptake of promastigotes of a lizard leishmania sp. and leishmania donovani by mouse peritoneal macrophages. | 1983 | 6134459 | |
| lethal effect of phenothiazine neuroleptics on the pathogenic protozoan leishmania donovani. | phenothiazine drugs, which are widely used for their antipsychotic, antianxiety, and antiemetic effects, have been found to have protozoacidal effects on the human pathogen leishmania donovani. these compounds are lethal to both the extracellular stage of the organism, which is inoculated into humans by the sand fly, and the intracellular stage, which is found solely in human macrophages during established infection. | 1982 | 6124040 |
| infectivity of leishmania donovani primary culture promastigotes for golden hamsters. short communication. | 1981 | 6111921 | |
| efficacy of some drugs on leishmania donovani in the golden hamster, mesocricetus auratus. | the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of dehydroemetine and pentostam on leishmania donovani in experimentally infected golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) have been investigated. the intracardially infected hamsters with l. donovani and treated with dehydroemetine showed significantly lower weights in liver and spleen, and less in spleen length than those treated with pentostam. dehydroemetine and pentostam failed to provide these animals with any protection against experimental infection ... | 1981 | 6110518 |
| accumulation of [125sb]sodium stibogluconate by leishmania mexicana amazonensis and leishmania donovani in vitro. | 1981 | 6108831 | |
| simplified defined media for cultivating leishmania donovani promastigotes. | 1980 | 6106354 | |
| an in-vitro system for determining the activity of compounds against the intracellular amastigote form of leishmania donovani. | a method has been defined for infecting primary mouse peritoneal macrophages with amastigotes of leishmania donovani in vitro, and analysing the response of the infected macrophages to treatment with drugs. the growth of intracellular amastigotes was inhibited by all clinically used antileishmanial drugs. toxic effects on macrophages were observed with some drugs. other experimental antileishmanial compounds were active in this system. this test is proposed as an initial screening test for the d ... | 1984 | 6096347 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of leishmania kinetoplast dna characterizes parasites responsible for visceral and cutaneous disease. | the kinetoplast dna (kdna) from promastigotes of leishmania responsible for old and new world cutaneous and visceral disease was characterized to determine if species and strains causing similar or different diseases could be identified. restriction enzymes were used to digest kdna into fragments that were separated into characteristic banding patterns after electrophoresis in agarose or linear gradient polyacrylamide gels. hybridization was conducted with a 32p-kdna probe and kdna fragments tra ... | 1984 | 6091469 |
| characterization of a mutant leishmania donovani deficient in adenosine kinase activity. | from a mutagenized population of wildtype leishmania donovani promastigotes, a clonal cell line, tuba2, was isolated by virtue of its ability to survive and grow in 20 microm tubercidin (7-deazaadenosine). the tuba2 clone was also 1000-fold less sensitive than the parental line to growth inhibition by formycin a, another cytotoxic adenosine analog. parental and mutant cells, however, were equally sensitive to growth inhibition by formycin b, allopurinol riboside, and 6-thioguanosine. mutant cell ... | 1984 | 6090896 |
| leishmanial phosphatase blocks neutrophil o-2 production. | leishmania donovani, the causative agent in kala-azar or visceral leishmaniasis, infects cells of the macrophage system. we show that a purified preparation of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, isolated from the external surface of l. donovani promastigotes, inhibits superoxide anion production by human neutrophils. preincubation of neutrophils for 15-30 min at 37 degrees c with 240 units (1 unit equals 1 nmol of 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate cleaved per h) of the acid phosphatase decrea ... | 1984 | 6088532 |
| quantitative and ultrastructural studies on the uptake of drug loaded liposomes by mononuclear phagocytes infected with leishmania donovani. | this study compared splenic and hepatic uptake of free and liposome-entrapped sodium antimony gluconate after i.v. administration to mice infected with leishmania donovani. it was demonstrated that entrapment within liposomes greatly altered the kinetics of uptake of the drug. we were also able to show that liposomes composed of sphingomyelin, stearylamine and cholesterol were marginally better than any other preparation in delivering entrapped drug to liver and spleen. x-ray microanalytical stu ... | 1984 | 6087139 |
| course of infection of leishmania donovani in hamsters inoculated by the intraperitoneal route. | 1967 | 6026857 | |
| respiratory changes accompanying leishmania to leptomonad transformation in leishmania donovani. | 1967 | 6026223 | |
| [action of amphotericin b on leishmania donovani during multiplication in mouse macrophages maintained in vitro]. | 1966 | 6014481 | |
| [studies with berenil on golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) experimentally infected with leishmania donovani]. | 1966 | 5991299 | |
| studies of the numbers and morphology of the intracellular form of leishmania donovani grown in cell culture. | 1966 | 5969170 | |
| characterization of strains of leishmania donovani. | 1966 | 5909670 | |
| susceptibility of peromyscus californicus californicus to infection with leishmania donovani. | 1965 | 5886407 | |
| [on the existance of the flagellate form of leishmania donovani in the tissues of the vertebrate host]. | 1965 | 5877880 | |
| [parasitemia and organic involvement in experimental infections of various xerothermophilic wild rodents with leishmania donovani (sudan strain)]. | 1965 | 5868572 | |
| on the presence of multivesicular bodies in leishmania donovani. | 1969 | 5800147 | |
| cellular immunity to leishmania donovani in macrophages in cultures. | 1969 | 5764043 | |
| [electron microscopic study of "leishmania donovani"]. | 1968 | 5727058 | |
| the effects of antibiotics on leishmania donovani. | 1967 | 5590117 | |
| leishmania donovani: assay for a functional pentose phosphate pathway. | 1971 | 5545015 | |
| [studies on certain flagellata, their structure, function and other properties. ii. electron microscopic studies on the ultrastructure of leishmania donovani]. | 1970 | 5526122 | |
| aldolase activity in the cell-free extract of the protozoan leishmania donovani. | 1970 | 5512538 | |
| experimental infection of animals with leptomonads of leishmania donovani. effect of cortisone on the infection in hamster and mouse. | 1970 | 5508161 | |
| electronic cytochemical demonstration of a lysosome in leishmania donovani. | 1970 | 5495632 | |
| [the behavior of plasmodium vinckei in the mouse and its influencing by leishmania-donovani infection]. | 1970 | 5473456 | |
| ultrastructure of the promastigote of leishmania donovani. | 1970 | 5439951 | |
| leishmaniasis in the sudan republic. 29. comparison and epidemiological implications of experimental canine infections with sudanese, mediterranean, and kenyan strains of leishmania donovani. | 1970 | 5421087 | |
| [culture of 2 strains of leishmania donovani in a diphasic medium]. | 1969 | 5409147 |