Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| the influence of hiv infection on antibody responses to a two-dose regimen of influenza vaccine. | we studied whether a two-dose regimen of inactivated influenza virus vaccine was more effective than a single dose in inducing protective hemagglutination-inhibition antibody responses in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). participants included subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex, and hiv-seropositive individuals with either lymphadenopathy only or no symptoms. control subjects were hiv-seroneg ... | 1989 | 2787416 |
| enhancement of protective antibody responses by cholera toxin b subunit inoculated intranasally with influenza vaccine. | effects of the b subunit of cholera toxin (ctb) on the primary antibody responses to influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (pr-8) (h1n1) ha vaccine and on protection against viral challenge were investigated in balb/c mice which were immunized intranasally with both the vaccine and ctb. the dose of ctb (greater than or equal to 1 microgram) inoculated with the vaccine (greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram) induced high responses of both antiviral iga antibodies in the nasal wash and haemagglutinin-inhibi ... | 1989 | 2781859 |
| sequence of the nucleoprotein (np) gene of the influenza a virus reassortant 81/ho, carrying the np originally derived from a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2). | 1989 | 2780295 | |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of influenza virus a/victoria/3/75 polymerase genes: sequence evolution and prediction of possible functional domains. | the influenza virus a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) polymerase genes encoding pb1, pb2 and pa have been cloned by cdna synthesis and insertion into bacterial vectors. the complete sequence for each polymerase gene has been obtained from random m13 subclones and compared to other influenza virus polymerase genes. a total of 45, 74 and 78 nucleotide changes were fixed in the period 1968-1975, corresponding to 10, 12 and 9 amino acid changes, for pb1, pb2 and pa genes, respectively. the amino acid sequence ... | 1989 | 2773594 |
| serological evidence for influenza virus activity in nigeria (1985-1987). | a study to determine the activity of influenza virus among the children population was undertaken between 1985 and 1987 in nigeria. paired sera were obtained from children presenting with respiratory diseases at the children emergency and outpatient clinics of the university college hospital, ibadan. forty-two paired sera were examined by haemagglutination-inhibition test to determine hi antibody level of the patients to different serotypes of influenza virus. ninety percent of the children show ... | 1989 | 2773309 |
| biological and genetic evolution of the nucleoprotein gene of human influenza a viruses. | there is a significant difference in the ability of human influenza a virus h1n1 strains isolated up to 1977 and those isolated later to rescue temperature-sensitive mutants of fowl plague virus with a defect in the nucleoprotein (np) gene. therefore the np genes of five human h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a virus strains, isolated between 1950 and 1978, have been sequenced. by comparison with previous and more recent isolates, an evolutionary pathway has been established. three amino acid replacement ... | 1989 | 2769232 |
| efficacy of inactivated influenza a virus (h3n2) vaccines grown in mammalian cells or embryonated eggs. | influenza virus (h3n2) host cell variants isolated from a single infected individual were compared for their protective efficacies when used as formalin-inactivated purified whole virus vaccines in ferrets. a/mem/12/85 virus grown in embryonated chicken eggs (egg-grown), which differs from a/mem/12/85 grown in mammalian madin-darby canine kidney cells (mdck-grown) by a single amino acid substitution in the hemagglutinin molecule, was shown to be distinguishable by immune ferret serum. ferrets we ... | 1989 | 2760480 |
| control of influenza virus gene expression: quantitative analysis of each viral rna species in infected cells. | we established a quantitative hybridization system by which three types of influenza virus rnas (vrna, mrna, and crna) for the 8 genome segments were measured individually. as the hybridization probes, 32p-labeled rnas of both plus and minus polarity were produced employing an sp-6 transcription system and used in a large molar excess, sufficient to overcome complementary rnas present in the viral rna samples. employing the system, we studied the control of the synthesis of each viral rna specie ... | 1989 | 2760014 |
| evaluation of cold-recombinant influenza a/korea (cr-59) virus vaccine in infants. | twenty-four infants 5 to 13 months of age were intranasally vaccinated with a live cold-recombinant influenza a/korea (cr-59, h3n2) virus vaccine. nineteen infants served as controls. the inocula ranged from 10(3.2) to 10(6.2) 50% tissue culture infective doses (tcid50) per infant. zero of six, one of four, seven of ten, and four of four infants receiving 10(3.2), 10(4.2), 10(5.2), and 10(6.2) tcid50, respectively, were infected by the intranasal vaccine. the amount of virus required to infect 5 ... | 1989 | 2745699 |
| [the structure of complex carbohydrate chains of hemagglutinin from influenza viruses a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1), a/chile/1/83/25(h1n1) and x/79(h3n2)]. | an earlier developed method of identification of oligosaccharides by hplc was used for studying the carbohydrate chains of three hemagglutinins from various influenza virus strains. the structures of main oligosaccharides of the complex type were elucidated on the basis of their chromatographic characteristics and monosaccharide composition. oligosaccharide patterns varied in the above hemagglutinin samples but in all cases the major complex chains were fucosylated and nonfucosylated biatennary ... | 1989 | 2742611 |
| extensive heterogeneity in the hemagglutinin of egg-grown influenza viruses from different patients. | we establish that the cultivation of influenza (h3n2) virus from any infected individual in chicken embryos (eggs) can result in the isolation of viruses with antigenic and/or structural heterogeneity in the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule. this variability contrasted sharply with the apparent lack of antigenic alterations in the ha of influenza viruses isolated from patients in madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. the most common subpopulation of egg-grown influenza viruses had the same phenotyp ... | 1989 | 2741346 |
| efficacy of rimantadine hydrochloride in the treatment of influenza infection of mice. | rimantadine hcl was assessed for its effect on influenza a virus titer in lungs of infected balb/c mice. rimantadine administered orally via drinking water, with and without an intraperitoneal prophylactic loading dose, was compared to intraperitoneal administration. mice were infected with a non-lethal dose of influenza a/port chalmers/h3n2 virus and the pulmonary virus titers were determined at intervals over a 21 day period. prophylactic treatment with rimantadine followed by oral administrat ... | 1989 | 2735758 |
| mechanism of immunity to influenza: maternal and passive neonatal protection following immunization of adult ferrets with a live vaccinia-influenza virus haemagglutinin recombinant but not with recombinants containing other influenza virus proteins. | neonatal ferrets are protected against infection with influenza virus by milk-derived anti-influenza virus igg after suckling on an immune mother. live vaccines protect better than killed vaccines despite their stimulation of lower maternal haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody levels. this suggests that antibody to virus proteins other than the haemagglutinin may also be involved. to investigate this, adult ferrets were immunized intradermally with live vaccinia-influenza virus recombinants eac ... | 1989 | 2732721 |
| pathways of evolution of influenza a (h1n1) viruses from 1977 to 1986 as determined by oligonucleotide mapping and sequencing studies. | the evolutionary relationships of epidemic influenza a (h1n1) viruses isolated between 1982 and 1986 have been examined by oligonucleotide mapping and partial dna sequencing. the t1 mapping studies confirmed our previous report that the evolution of the influenza virus genome generally results in an average of four to six oligonucleotide changes per year. between 1982 and 1986, however, two apparent exceptions to this finding occurred. h1n1 antigenic variants (including the a/chile/83 and a/vict ... | 1989 | 2732691 |
| studies on the genetic basis of human influenza a virus adaptation to mice: degrees of virulence of reassortants with defined genetic content. | a highly virulent mouse-adapted variant of influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) was crossed either with the original a/ussr/90/77 (h1n1) influenza virus strain or with its mouse-adapted, moderately mouse virulent variant. the reassortants were characterized with respect to their genetic content and pneumovirulence for mice. the reassortants fell into three categories: avirulent, highly virulent (resembling in this respect the parent a/aichi/2/68 virus) and moderately virulent (resembling the mous ... | 1989 | 2719553 |
| effect of nitrogen dioxide exposure on susceptibility to influenza a virus infection in healthy adults. | the effect of no2 exposure and human susceptibility to respiratory virus infection was investigated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial conducted in an environmentally controlled research chamber over 3 yr. healthy, nonsmoking, young adult volunteers who were seronegative to influenza a/korea/82 (h3n2) virus were randomly assigned to breathe either filtered clean air (control group) or no2 for 2 h/day for 3 consecutive days. the no2 concentrations were 2 ppm (year 1), 3 ppm ( ... | 1989 | 2712434 |
| effectiveness of influenza vaccine when given during an outbreak of influenza a/h3n2 in a nursing home. | an explosive outbreak of influenza a/h3n2 began in a nursing home in the denver area early in november, 1987. residents had not been vaccinated at that time. vaccine was administered on november 11th. two weeks after the vaccine was given, the attack rate differed between the vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. there were 40 cases of influenza among the 98 elderly residents, 12 cases of pneumonia, and seven deaths. vaccine efficacy two weeks after it was given was estimated to be 65.4% in p ... | 1989 | 2703638 |
| natural or vaccine-induced antibody as a predictor of immunity in the face of natural challenge with influenza viruses. | a study of influenza in residential schools provided the opportunity to assess the significance of antibody as a predictor of immunity. five hundred and fifty-six pupils from 8 schools were included in the investigations, and the outcome for these children in 27 naturally occurring outbreaks of influenza was analysed. the outbreaks comprised 5 caused by strains of influenza a h3n2, 10 caused by strains of influenza a h1n1, and 12 caused by strains of influenza b. on 8 occasions a second outbreak ... | 1989 | 2703026 |
| emergence and apparent transmission of rimantadine-resistant influenza a virus in families. | to determine whether rimantadine can protect family members from acquiring influenza a viral illness and to assess the possible selection of drug-resistant strains of virus, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in three communities during two influenza seasons. when influenza a occurred in a family, the members (including the index patient) were given either rimantadine (adult oral dose, 200 mg per day) or placebo for 10 days. the presence of illness was monitored by ... | 1989 | 2687687 |
| recognition of the pb1, neuraminidase, and matrix proteins of influenza virus a/nt/60/68 by cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | we have investigated the recognition of the pb1, neuraminidase, and matrix (m1) proteins of influenza virus a/nt/60/68 (h3n2 subtype) by secondary in vitro stimulated polyclonal cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) populations. while these three proteins have different functions and cellular locations, they can all be recognized as target antigens. however, the immunogenicity of these proteins for ctls is under strict genetic control. thus, pb1 protein is recognized as a cross-reactive target antigen by ... | 1989 | 2658303 |
| diagnosis of influenza a virus infections by detection of specific immunoglobulins m, a, and g in serum. | the value of immunoglobulin m (igm) detection in the early diagnosis of influenza a was examined in a prospective study during an outbreak of influenza a/philippines/2/82 (h3n2) virus infection in february and march 1986. the igm response was investigated in sera from 64 adults with influenzalike symptoms; we found a fourfold rise in titer or high titers (greater than or equal to 80) of influenza a virus antibodies by the complement fixation test. the igm response, analyzed by the hemadsorption ... | 1989 | 2654180 |
| [heterogeneity of current epidemic influenza a viruses with respect to reproduction activity in a tissue culture]. | the reproduction activity in human embryo kidney cell culture (hek) of epidemic influenza a viruses (h3n2 serosubtype) isolated in different years and with a certain level of virulence for man was studied. the cells were inoculated with the viruses at a multiplicity of infection of 0.001 eid50/cell, and the reproductive activity was judged by the levels of infectious and hemagglutinating activity during 96 hours of observation. there was a clear-cut correlation between the virus virulence level ... | 1989 | 2633460 |
| prevalence of antibody to current influenza virus strains in adolescents. | during the spring of 1986, 118 pupils aged 15-18 years were surveyed for the presence of humoral antibodies to five influenza strains. prevalence of humoral immunity (hi) antibodies and immunity was found to be related to the year of the strain's emergence and to length of circulation time in the community. a high percentage of the adolescents were not immune to one or more of the tested strains. more than 40% of the studied group were not immune to the old a strains a/philipines 2/82 (h3n2) and ... | 1989 | 2621457 |
| characterization of the m protein and nucleoprotein genes of an avian influenza a virus which are involved in host range restriction in monkeys. | a reassortant virus possessing rna segment 7, which codes for the m1 and m2 proteins, of the avian influenza a/mallard/new york/6750/78 (h2n2) virus and the other seven rna segments of the human influenza a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2) virus had been shown previously to be markedly restricted in replication in the respiratory tract of squirrel monkeys. in contrast, a reassortant possessing segment 7 of another avian influenza virus, a/pintail/alberta/119/79 (h4n6), and the seven other rna segments from t ... | 1989 | 2609730 |
| [antigenic characteristics of influenza b virus strains isolated in an orphanage during an influenza outbreak in moscow in the winter of 1988]. | examinations of ard patients in an orphanage for defective children in moscow during an influenza outbreak in the winter of 1988 yielded 12 influenza virus strains, including 6 influenza b strains and 6 influenza a (h3n2) strains. the antigenic analysis of hemagglutinin of influenza b virus isolates showed that with respect to the b/leningrad/179/86 strain (an antigenic analogue of b/ann arbor/1/86 strain recommended for inclusion into the influenza vaccine for 1987-1988) they could be divided i ... | 1989 | 2609641 |
| [regularities of formation in a general population of serum antibodies to previously circulated influenza a viruses]. | the spectrum of antibody production against hemagglutinin of all known influenza a virus serotypes after influenza a (h3n2) infection in persons of all age groups (from 1 month to 72 years) was analysed to investigated the regularities of accumulation of antibodies against influenza a viruses gone out of circulation. for the same purpose, a long-term (many years) longitudinal analysis of serum anti-ha antibody levels against "old" influenza a (hsw1n1), a (h0n1), a (h1n1), a (h2n2), and a (h3n2) ... | 1989 | 2609640 |
| epidemiological aspects of the evolution of influenza infections in a large urban centre (b.) in romania in 1988. | the study describes the peculiarities of the influenza infection evolution, in 1988, in a large urban centre, b., in romania, as they result from the active surveillance of the epidemiological process of influenza and other viral respiratory tract infections, by means of a complex methodology based on clinical-epidemiological and laboratory techniques. the low endemic morbidity, the evolution of these seasonally ascendant specific incidence, the endemic aspect of influenza infection being mainta ... | 1989 | 2596018 |
| [the use of the potentials of the molecular hybridization of nucleic acids as a method for the laboratory diagnosis of influenza in research on vaccinal infection]. | the data obtained as the result of the complex examination of volunteers immunized with live influenza vaccine, type a (h3n2), showed that the determination of the rna-containing structures by the method of the molecular hybridization of nucleic acids (mhna) was highly sensitive and reliable. this method proved to be more sensitive than common laboratory diagnostic tests (the isolation of the virus in chick embryos, the analysis of seroconversion, the antibody fluorescence test) and was not infe ... | 1989 | 2588878 |
| morphology and antigenicity studies on reassortant influenza (h3n2) viruses for use in inactivated vaccines. | three influenza a (h3n2) reassortant whole virus vaccine strains with differing antibody-inducing capacities in hamsters were investigated morphologically and antigenically. although initial measurements of virion circumference, from electron micrographs of vaccine preparations, suggested a relationship of small virion size with low immunogenicity, subsequent immunization with, and morphological investigation of, vaccine virions separated on sucrose gradients, failed to obtain populations whose ... | 1985 | 2580887 |
| studies on the stability of t mutant of influenza virus. | the t 30 degrees c mutant of a port chalmers 1/73 (h3n2) influenza virus passaged in cotton rats was reisolated. the original mutant and the reisolated virus were compared, the following parameters being tested: na activity, ha titer, sensitivity of na and ha to proteolytic enzymes, detergents and temperature, and michaelis constant of na. no differences were found in the parameters tested, thus suggesting that features of the mutant remained stable after passage in the susceptible animal organi ... | 1985 | 2579526 |
| occurrence and aetiology of acute respiratory diseases: results of a longterm surveillance programme. | totals of 58,661,000 acute respiratory disease (ard) cases, 1,376,651 bronchitis and pneumonia complications, and 93,042 deaths from influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia or chronic pulmonary affection were notified during 11 years of ard surveillance from 1975 to 1986. all ard seasons started with the first phase in september-december; this increase in morbidity was caused chiefly by adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses, rhinoviruses and m. pneumoniae. second wave of ard morbidity occurring in januar ... | 1989 | 2565674 |
| seroprevalence of porcine and human influenza a virus antibodies in pigs between 1986 and 1988 in hassia. | 1,268 sera collected from slaughtered pigs in hassia (frg) from 1986 to 1988 were tested for antibodies against porcine and human influenza a virus strains using the single radial haemolysis test (srht). antibodies against the porcine strains (subtype h1n1) a/swine/arnsberg/1/81, a/swine/iowa/15/30 and a/new jersey/7/76 were detected in 411 (32.4%), 318 (25.1%) and 304 (24.0%) of sera, respectively. up to 1988 a slight increase (10%) in the seroprevalence to a/swine/arnsberg/1/81 was noticed, wh ... | 1989 | 2559562 |
| [the prevalence of antibodies to influenza virus and respiratory coronavirus in fattening pigs in spain]. | the presence of antibodies to two influenza viruses of the type a (h1n1 and h3n2) and to a porcine respiratory coronavirus was investigated in a study lasting a year. 735 blood serum samples were collected from 79 closed pig fattening farms in the province segovia (spain). hemagglutination inhibition was used with influenza viruses. the percentage of positive results was 78.5% and 62.5% respectively for the serotypes h1n1 and h3n2. a clear reduction in the spread of antibodies was observed in th ... | 1989 | 2554624 |
| [pathologic consequences of a severe influenza outbreak (swine virus a/h1n1) under natural conditions in the non-immune sow at the beginning of pregnancy]. | pathological consequences of a severe outbreak of swine influenza (h1n1 virus) in the non immune sow at the beginning of pregnancy, under natural conditions. a sudden acute outbreak of fever, depression, anorexia and coughing in a group of nulliparous sows from a herd that was currently under epidemiological investigation lead to build a particular disposal of observation. the clinical signs were daily recorded including rectal temperature. blood was taken from the sows at the beginning of the t ... | 1989 | 2550169 |
| human monoclonal antibodies to influenza virus: igg subclass and light chain distribution. | three adults and three children were immunized with inactivated or live attenuated influenza vaccines and 98 igg monoclonal antibodies derived from ebv immortalization of their blood lymphocytes were studied. all antibodies reacted specifically with influenza a h3n2 or h1n1 whole virus and 73 of 74 tested reacted with the purified ha glycoproteins. the majority (76%) of 77 monoclonal antibodies adequately tested by elisa or solid phase ria contained lambda light chains. elisa analysis of the igg ... | 1989 | 2545224 |
| [antigenic and biological properties of influenza a virus (h3n2), isolated and passaged in various systems--chick embryos and mdck cell culture]. | 1989 | 2483782 | |
| [protective action of cytotoxic lymphocytes depending on the antigenic determinant composition of influenza virus hemagglutinin]. | the protective role of cytotoxic lymphocytes (ctl) in dependence on composition of antigenic determinants of hemagglutinin of influenza viruses h3n2 was studied. it was established that ctl do not exert protective effect under conditions of adoptive transfer, when there is one common antigenic determinant in hemagglutinins of the virus forming immunity. when all antigenic determinants in hemagglutinins of influenza viruses are identical, ctl-like antibodies represent one of the main factors of a ... | 1989 | 2480826 |
| ultrastructure and some biological properties of influenza a virus. iv. effect of proteolytic enzymes on viral particle. | influenza virus strain a/ussr/053/74/h3n2 was subjected to the effect of soluble and nonsoluble trypsin. both enzymes appeared to affect the activity of neuraminidase. the viruses altered in this way did not induce interferon (ifn) in mice. treatment of viral particles with soluble bromeline brought about almost complete inactivation of hemagglutinin and slight suppression of neuraminidase activity. this virus was capable of ifn induction. on the other hand, when nonsoluble bromeline was used as ... | 1988 | 2478102 |
| ultrastructure and some biological properties of influenza a virus. iii. the role of influenza a virus lipids in interferon induction. | experiments were carried out with a/ussr/053/74/h3n2 influenza virus. to remove lipids from virus particles, the enzyme phospholipase c, butanol-ether and the detergent cytylpyridinum chloride were used. mild treatment of the influenza virus with phospholipase c resulted in a slight decrease in the activity of both surface antigens of the virions as well as in a suppression of their infectivity. such virus is capable of ifn induction in mouse. long-term (25 h) treatment of the virus with phospho ... | 1988 | 2478101 |
| [correlation of antigenic properties of influenza viruses of the h3n2 subtype with changes in the amino acid sequence of hemagglutinins]. | the effect of amino acid substitutions within the antigenic sites, the residues close to these sites, and the other parts of the hemagglutinin molecule on cross-reactions between influenza subtype h3n2 virus strains in hemagglutination-inhibition tests are considered. previously we reported a method for calculation of the values of immunochemical cross-reactions between the homologous proteins based on the structural data. on this basis, a method for calculation of the titers of cross-reactions ... | 1989 | 2477951 |
| influenza virus infection and bacterial clearance in young adult and aged mice. | the effects of influenza a/hong kong/68 (h3n2) virus infection on clearance of bacteria (staphylococcus aureus or serratia marcescens) from lungs of young adult (8-week-old) and aged (2-year-old) cba/2n mice were studied. no consistent differences in pulmonary bacterial clearance were observed in uninfected animals of either age group. however, both young and aged virus-infected mice consistently exhibited significantly reduced ability to clear challenge bacteria from their lungs compared to age ... | 1989 | 2475539 |
| identification of pr8 m1 protein in influenza virus high-yield reassortants by m1-specific monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies to the m1 protein of a/pr8/34 (h1n1) (pr8) influenza a virus was found to distinguish in elisa high-yielding reassortant viruses derived from reassortment of pr8 and x-31 (h3n2) viruses with recently prevalent field strains of h1n1 or h3n2 subtype. these findings are concordant with results of genotyping that demonstrated the presence of pr8 rna 7 or m1 protein in high-yield reassortants by rna or protein page. all high-yield vaccine candidate reassortants applic ... | 1989 | 2474896 |
| diversity of the class ii (i-ak/i-ek)-restricted t cell repertoire for influenza hemagglutinin and antigenic drift. six nonoverlapping epitopes on the ha1 subunit are defined by synthetic peptides. | h-2k-restricted t cell clones derived from cba mice infected with x31 (h3n2) influenza virus, were shown to recognize distinct, nonoverlapping sequences within the ha1 subunit of the viral hemagglutinin (ha) using synthetic peptides. three i-ak-restricted t cell sequences were identified within ha1 68-83, 120-139, and 269-288, and two recognition sites presented in the context of the i-ek molecule were mapped to ha1 sequences 226-245 and 246-265. t cell clones specific for these regions of ha1 d ... | 1989 | 2474053 |
| ultrastructure and some biological properties of influenza a virus. ii. effect of physico-chemical factors on influenza a virus and its interferonogenic properties. | influenza virus a/ussr/053/74/h3n2 was subjected to the effect of some physico-chemical factors: freezing-thawing, ultrasounds, long-term storage at 4 degrees c, hydrogen ions, formaldehyde. all the preparations were tested for virus infectivity, hemagglutinin titer, neuraminidase activity and ability of altered viruses for interferon induction in vivo. the preparations whose viral particles preserved the activity of surface antigens and neuraminidase activity in particular, were able to induce ... | 1988 | 2471480 |
| [antigenic drift of epidemic strains of influenza a virus (h3n2) in 1985]. | the study included 230 strains of influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated in the epidemic of 1985. a high degree of heterogeneity of the virus population was established with polyclonal sera, monoclonal antibodies and the method of krna-brna hybridization for the determination of the genome composition. among the strains of one epidemic (1985) three antigenically heterogenous groups of strains were detected similar with reference a/philippines/2/82, a/ken/1/84, and a/mississippi/1/85 strains. it was s ... | 1989 | 2471358 |
| induction of immune response to influenza virus with anti-idiotypic antibodies. | anti-idiotypic (anti-id) antibodies were raised in rabbits against five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for different antigenic sites on the hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza virus mem71h-beln (h3n1) [a/memphis/1/71 (h3n2) x a/bel/42 (h1n1)]. each of the anti-id sera was directed predominantly towards a unique (private) idiotype of the immunizing mab, none of the five idiotypes being detectable in pooled balb/c antisera against mem71h-beln virus or on most other anti-ha mabs tested. partial ... | 1989 | 2470919 |
| 4-o-acetyl-n-acetylneuraminic acid in the n-linked carbohydrate structures of equine and guinea pig alpha 2-macroglobulins, potent inhibitors of influenza virus infection. | to investigate the molecular basis of the differential ability of human, equine, and guinea pig alpha 2-macroglobulins to inhibit hemagglutination and infectivity of a human influenza virus, a/memphis/102/72 (h3n2), the structures of oligosaccharides released from the three glycoproteins by hydrazinolysis were analyzed comparatively. approximately seven to eight sugar chains were released from each subunit of two potent inhibitors (equine and guinea pig alpha 2-macroglobulins) and a weak inhibit ... | 1989 | 2470764 |
| [antigenic and biological characteristics of strains of the influenza a (h3n2) virus, similar to virus a/hong kong/68, isolated from children in the ussr in 1986]. | influenza a viruses (h3n2) isolated in the ussr, 1986, from children were antigenically similar to the prototype a/hong kong/1/68 strain. alongside with the similarity with the latter virus, the new isolates had a number of distinctive features both in the antigenic specificity of hemagglutinin and in the structure of the polymerase complex proteins. all the foregoing allows to exclude laboratory contamination and suggests the possibility of circulation of such viruses among children. | 1988 | 2470199 |
| the structural requirements for class ii (i-ad)-restricted t cell recognition of influenza hemagglutinin: b cell epitopes define t cell epitopes. | a majority of i-ad-restricted cd4+ clones elicited by influenza x31 (h3n2) virus infection, recognize a synthetic peptide of hemagglutinin (ha) corresponding to an antibody binding region of the ha1 subunit (site b: ha1 177-199). the structural requirements for class ii-restricted t cell recognition were investigated by determining the proliferative responses of representative cd4+ clones to truncated ha1 peptides and synthetic peptide analogues. two distinct t cell epitopes were identified and ... | 1989 | 2468504 |
| a region of the influenza a/nt/60/68 pb2 protein containing an antigenic determinant recognized by murine h-2dd restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | we have used a recombinant vaccinia virus to investigate the recognition of the pb2 protein of influenza a/nt/60/68 (h3n2) by murine polyclonal ctl populations. pb2 is recognized as a major cross-reactive target antigen. recognition of pb2 is under strict genetic control, since balb/c (h-2d) but not cba (h-2k) mice are responders. we also demonstrate, by use of cell lines transfected with individual genes encoding class i molecules of the h-2d haplotype, that recognition of pb2 occurs in conjunc ... | 1988 | 2460995 |
| [experimental study of the prophylactic anti-influenza and interferon-inducing activity of epsilon-aminocaproic acid]. | epsilon-aminocaproic acid, an original antifibrinolytic had a rapid and prolonged protective effect, thus lowering the death rate of experimental mice contaminated with virulent strains of the influenza virus. the protective effect of the acid was observed after its intraperitoneal administration in a dose of 20 mg/mouse 24 hours before contamination by the strain with the h3n2 antigenic formula and after intranasal application of 15 mg of epsilon-aminocaproic acid divided into 2 doses 2 days be ... | 1988 | 2454085 |
| fine specificity of murine class ii-restricted t cell clones for synthetic peptides of influenza virus hemagglutinin. heterogeneity of antigen interaction with the t cell and the ia molecule. | we have previously demonstrated diversity in the specificity of murine, h-2k class ii-restricted, t cell clones for the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule of h3n2 influenza viruses and have mapped two t cell determinants, defined by synthetic peptides, to residues 48-68 and 118-138 of ha1. in this study we examine the nature of the determinant recognized by six distinct p48-68-specific t cell clones by using a panel of truncated synthetic peptides and substituted peptide analogs. from the peptides test ... | 1988 | 2453566 |
| the avian influenza virus nucleoprotein gene and a specific constellation of avian and human virus polymerase genes each specify attenuation of avian-human influenza a/pintail/79 reassortant viruses for monkeys. | reassortant viruses which possessed the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of wild-type human influenza a viruses and the remaining six rna segments (internal genes) of the avian a/pintail/alberta/119/79 (h4n6) virus were previously found to be attenuated in humans. to study the genetic basis of this attenuation, we isolated influenza a/pintail/79 x a/washington/897/80 reassortant viruses which contained human influenza virus h3n2 surface glycoprotein genes and various combinations of avian o ... | 1987 | 2441080 |
| antigenic and genetic conservation of h3 influenza virus in wild ducks. | the hemagglutinins of h3 influenza viruses isolated from migratory ducks on the pacific flyway in japan during the period 1977 to 1985 were analyzed antigenically and genetically. antigenic analysis using monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinins of a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) and a/duck/hokkaido/8/80 (h3n8) viruses showed that antigenic drift occurred extensively in human strains, whereas the hemagglutinins of duck viruses were highly conserved. it was also found that the hemagglutinins of duck virus ... | 1987 | 2440178 |
| [comparative study of interferon inducers obtained from natural sources]. | interferon-inducing and antiviral effects of natural dsrna preparations of phage phi 6 and yeast cells were studied in the culture of murine cells l-929 and on random bred albino mice. both the preparations showed interferon inducing activity in the cell culture. however, for realization of their effect modification of the surface cell membrane by polycation exchange resin (deae-dextran) was required. the interferon-inducing activity of both of the natural dsrna in the mice was high. the maximum ... | 1987 | 2436574 |
| a single amino acid substitution in influenza hemagglutinin abrogates recognition by monoclonal antibody and a spectrum of subtype-specific l3t4+ t cell clones. | a fine specificity analysis of influenza hemagglutinin-specific iak-restricted t cell clones using natural virus variants of the h3n2 subtype, monoclonal antibody-selected variants and a synthetic peptide corresponding to a variable region of the ha1 polypeptide has provided insight on the structural basis for t cell recognition. a glycine to arginine substitution at ha1 135 abrogates recognition by a panel of t cell clones which, according to their reactivity for natural virus variants, have di ... | 1987 | 2434337 |
| influenza virus infection induces functional alterations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. | this report describes alterations in functional responses to lectin-induced stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and in the natural killer cell (nkc) activity, of college students, obtained during an outbreak of influenza a/philippines/2/82(h3n2) virus infection. these results are compared with similar observations in college students with an acute, febrile, noninfluenzal respiratory illness that occurred during the same outbreak. the lymphopenia typical of influenza during acute illness ... | 1986 | 2431043 |
| laboratory characterization of influenza a viruses (h3n2)--pathogens of leningrad 1983 epidemic. | seventy strains of influenza a virus (h3n2) isolated in leningrad during the influenza epidemic in january--march 1983 were studied. the virus isolates appeared to be markedly heterogeneous with respect to antigenic characteristics of surface glycoproteins, biological properties (haemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities, sensitivity to gamma-inhibitors, etc.) as well as genome structure. the identity of the virus isolates with the reference influenza a virus was as follows: 10% were simila ... | 1986 | 2429534 |
| [synergic therapeutic action of aprotinin and remantadine in experimental influenzal infection]. | chemotherapeutic treatment of influenza infection is possible with aprotinine, an inhibitor of proteinases blocking proteolytic shearing of virion hemagglutinin which is necessary for multicycle virus infection. the chemotherapeutic effect of antiinfluenza drug remantadine is due to inhibition of intracellular deproteinization of virions in the course of their penetration into cells. in mice infected with a highly lethal dose (about 400 mld50/animal) of influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus treatm ... | 1986 | 2429449 |
| [use of monospecific antibodies for determining the antigenic determinant composition in the hemagglutinins of the h3n2 influenza viruses of 1979-1983]. | the study of the antigenic composition of hemagglutinins of influenza h3n2 viruses isolated during epidemic outbreaks in 1979-1983, carried out by means of monospecific antibodies to individual antigenic determinants, showed heterogeneity of the antigenic structure of epidemically active variants. some variants were antigenically identical to a/bangkok/1/79 virus. hemagglutinin structure of a/shanghai/31/80, a/philippines/2/82 and the like was found to contain a qualitatively new antigenic deter ... | 1986 | 2425492 |
| extensive diversity in the recognition of influenza virus hemagglutinin by murine t helper clones. | a panel of h-2k class ii-restricted th clones were established from individual cba mice primed by infection with x31 influenza virus. 27 clones, which showed specific recognition of the ha surface glycoprotein, were all h3n2 subtype specific, in contrast to a t cell line which was crossreactive and which may have other specificities. 20 distinct ha-specific clones recognized a tryptic cleavage fragment of x31 consisting of residue 28-328 of ha1 (tops) which includes all the ab-combining regions ... | 1986 | 2423631 |
| analysis of antigenic determinants on internal and external proteins of influenza virus and identification of antigenic subpopulations of virions in recent field isolates using monoclonal antibodies and immunogold labelling. | an electron microscopic immunogold labelling technique employing monoclonal antibodies has been applied to the antigenic analysis of influenza a and b viruses. reassortant influenza a h3n2 viruses containing haemagglutinin molecules from viruses isolated between 1968 and 1982 were analysed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against viruses which appeared over the same period. the immunogold labelling technique clearly demonstrated the antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin molecule that ... | 1986 | 2423056 |
| [the nature of amino acid substitution in antigenic drift of hemagglutinin n3 and neuraminidase n2 from the influenza virus]. | the nature of amino acid replacements in 16 drift variants of hemagglutinin h3 subtype and 5 drift variants of neuraminidase n2 subtype of the influenza a virus were studied. the dependences of relative replacement frequencies and relative quantities of frequent replacements upon differences of properties of substituted residues are plotted. in contrast to most of the known proteins, amino acid replacements in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase depend weakly on the physico-chemical parameters of am ... | 1986 | 2422540 |
| peptide maps of t mutant of influenza virus. | peptide maps were prepared by high-voltage electrophoresis and chromatography for t 30 degrees c mutant and the original strain a port chalmers 1/73 h3n2 of influenza virus. clear differences in the distribution and number of spots between the mutant and the original strain were found. the differences are due presumably to changes in the amino-acid sequences. | 1985 | 2421538 |
| [isolation of the influenza virus from the tree sparrow and a study of the infectivity of this virus in wild birds of the central dnieper river area]. | an influenza virus belonging to the serovariant a/h3n2 and registered as a/sparrow/ukraine/83 was isolated from a member of synanthropic birds, a tree sparrow, near kanev. this virus showed low pathogenicity and immunologic activity in experimental infection of sparrows and other birds. sera from a number of avian and mammal species had antibodies to this virus which indicates that synanthropic and semi-synanthropic birds may be a connecting link in spread of influenza virus. | 1985 | 2420068 |
| arrest of daudi cell growth by inactive influenza virus in-vitro. | we investigated the destructive capability of three influenza a strains, victoria, pr8, and their recombinant x47, against the human lymphoma cell line daudi. both victoria and x47 strains share the same envelope glycoproteins (h3n2), while pr8, the second parental strain of x47, differs in its envelope glycoproteins (hon1). the h3n2 strains and particularly the x47 recombinant were cytotoxic to daudi cells while the hon1 strain was not. to reduce the virulence of the oncolytic viruses, we inact ... | 1985 | 2419962 |
| the nucleoprotein as a possible major factor in determining host specificity of influenza h3n2 viruses. | in an attempt to assess the importance of the nucleoprotein (np) in the determination of host specificity, a series of experiments was performed on influenza a viruses of the h3n2 subtype. we have examined rescue of mutants of a/fpv/rostock/34 with temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions in the nucleoprotein (np) gene by double infection of chick embryo cells with h3n2 strains isolated from different species. the ts mutants could be rescued by all avian h3n2 strains but not by any of the human h3n2 i ... | 1985 | 2416114 |
| epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine in belgium due to h3n2 influenza virus and experimental reproduction of disease. | in belgium, influenza virus was isolated from swine in 22 epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine during 1984. in 8 of the epizootics, h3n2 influenza virus, related to the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain, was isolated. intratracheal inoculation of the isolates induced clinical signs. it was concluded that the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain was established in the belgian swine population and was responsible for the epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine. | 1985 | 2413789 |
| comparative long-term effects in a mouse model system of influenza whole virus and purified neuraminidase vaccines followed by sequential infections. | a comparison of inactivated whole influenza virus vaccine and purified influenza neuraminidase (na) in balb/c mice repeatedly challenged by homologous or heterologous h3n2 variant infections demonstrated an initial superiority of whole virus vaccine but the ultimate superiority of na vaccine in immunization after one or two boosting infections. parenteral administration of either vaccine followed by infection was much more effective than infection alone in the induction of either homologous or h ... | 1990 | 2401790 |
| [the use of immunoenzyme analysis in studying the etiologic structure of influenza morbidity in 1985-1988]. | in the periods of epidemic increases in the incidence of influenza in 1985-1988, approximately 600 patients with clinical diagnoses of arvi and influenza were examined for the presence of viral antigen in nasopharyngeal washings by solid-phase enzyme-immunoassay and for antibody rises in paired blood sera. the use of modified speia and original test sera for influenza type a and b viruses in rapid diagnosis of influenza made it possible to decode the etiology of the epidemic situations in 1985-1 ... | 1990 | 2389565 |
| [the trypsin cleavage of hemagglutinin enhances the infectivity of the influenza virus in mice]. | mouse-pathogenic influenza a/aichi 2/68 (h3n2) grown in cell culture and having uncleaved hemagglutinin ha after treatment with trypsin underwent proteolytic shearing of ha (m.w. 75 kd) into two fragments: nal (60 kd) and ha2 (15 kd); its lethal effect on mice inoculated intranasally increased more than 200-fold. the virus treated with chemotrypsin underwent similar shearing of ha into hal and ha2; however, its lethal effect on mice was weak, analogous to that of intact virus with uncleaved ha. | 1990 | 2389564 |
| genome and antigenic analysis of influenza a (h3n2) viruses isolated from an epidemic in a closed community of carmelite nuns. | eighteen influenza a (h3n2) viruses were isolated during a single outbreak in a closed community of carmelite nuns. serological analysis of the virus haemagglutinin (has), using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, demonstrated antigenic microheterogeneity. in contrast, no significant biochemical differences were detected in viral genes by rna:rna hybridisation or in structural or nonstructural polypeptides analysed by high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) or by limited proteoly ... | 1990 | 2388044 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of metabolites of rimantadine. | the hydroxy metabolites of rimantadine (3-5) were synthesized and compared to amantadine (1) and rimantadine (2) for their ability to inhibit the replication of influenza viruses in vitro. all three metabolites were inhibitory to wild-type influenza a viruses (h3n2 and h1n1). in particular, 2-hydroxyrimantadine (3) showed similar activity to amantadine, but the 3- and 4-hydroxy metabolites (4 and 5, respectively), both of which are found in rimantadine-treated patients, showed only modest inhibi ... | 1990 | 2362279 |
| intracellular stability of the gene encoding influenza virus haemagglutinin. | the intracellular stability of the genome of noninfectious uv-irradiated influenza virus (a/wsn:h1n1) in dividing mdck cells was investigated using marker rescue techniques. the haemagglutinin gene could still be rescued by infection with a/x49 (h3n2) at 5 weeks postinoculation; its half-life was 13 days. | 1990 | 2327072 |
| [influenza 1989/'90: a-h3n2 virus related to the vaccine virus]. | 1990 | 2320171 | |
| direct sequencing of the ha gene of influenza (h3n2) virus in original clinical samples reveals sequence identity with mammalian cell-grown virus. | when influenza (h3n2) viruses from infected individuals are grown in embryonated chicken eggs, viruses are isolated which differ antigenically and structurally from viruses grown in mammalian madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cell culture [g.c. schild, j.s. oxford, j.c. de jong, and r.g. webster, nature (london) 303:706-709, 1983]. to determine which of these viruses is most representative of virus replicating in the infected individual, a region of the ha gene of virus present in original clinic ... | 1990 | 2319652 |
| cocirculation of two distinct evolutionary lineages of influenza type b virus since 1983. | during 1988-1989 two highly distinct antigenic variants of influenza type b were recognized in hemagglutination-inhibition tests with postinfection ferret serum. these viruses were antigenically related to either b/victoria/2/87, the most recent reference strain, or b/yamagata/16/88, a variant that was isolated in japan in may 1988. all influenza b viruses isolated in the united states during an epidemic in the winter of 1988-1989 were antigenically related to b/victoria/2/87. however, in severa ... | 1990 | 2309452 |
| vaccination with inactivated influenza a virus during pregnancy protects neonatal mice against lethal challenge by influenza a viruses representing three subtypes. | a single intraperitoneal injection of pregnant mice with a monovalent formalin-inactivated influenza a virus vaccine protected their offspring against a lethal challenge dose of the same influenza a virus h3n2, h2n2, and h1n1 subtypes, as well as against challenge with the other two subtypes. degree of protection was vaccine dose related. cross-fostering of neonates indicated that protection was conferred by breast milk antibodies. serum virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in the mothers and ... | 1990 | 2304146 |
| specificity and in vitro transfer of the immunosuppressive effect of detergent-disrupted influenza virus vaccine. | primed murine splenocytes give an in vitro antibody response to influenza whole virus vaccine (wvv), as measured by enzyme immunoassay (eia). when subunit vaccine (sv) of either influenza a or influenza b virus was added to in vitro splenocyte cultures stimulated with wvv, the eia antibody response to homologous wvv was reduced. this reduction in antibody response was observed when sv was prepared using zwitterionic detergent (empigen bb), non-ionic detergent (triton-x-100) or cationic detergent ... | 1990 | 2302839 |
| independent and disparate evolution in nature of influenza a virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase glycoproteins. | the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) external glycoprotein antigens of h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes of epidemiologically important influenza a viruses prevalent during recent decades were subjected to intensive antigenic analysis by four different methods. prior to serological analysis with polyclonal rabbit antisera, ha and na antigens of four viruses of each subtype were segregated by genetic reassortment to forestall nonspecific steric hindrance during antigen-antibody combination. this an ... | 1990 | 2300562 |
| safety and prophylactic efficacy of low-dose rimantadine in adults during an influenza a epidemic. | a placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the safety and prophylactic efficacy of a low dose (100 mg) of rimantadine hydrochloride against naturally occurring influenza in adults was conducted at two sites. after the onset of the influenza season, volunteers (ages, 18 to 55 years) were assigned randomly to receive rimantadine or placebo daily. subjects were monitored for adverse effects and evidence of influenza virus infection weekly for six weeks. only 10 (8.7%) of 114 rimantadine r ... | 1990 | 2285274 |
| serum igg subclass antibody responses in children vaccinated with influenza virus antigens by live attenuated or inactivated vaccines. | to ascertain whether live attenuated or inactivated vaccines can be considered equivalent, we examined the primary antibody response of children following vaccination with influenza virus antigens in three different formulations. nine children received cold recombinant vaccine (crv) containing a/korea/82 (h3n2) and a/dunedin/83 (h1n1) variants. eight of these children responded to ha of the h3n2 subtype and the major portion of the elicited antibody was in the igg1 subclass. antibody of low tite ... | 1990 | 2275526 |
| characterization of antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses to human influenza virus h3 haemagglutinin expressed from the haemagglutinin locus of vaccinia virus. | antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses to the haemagglutinin (ha) of human h3n2 influenza virus were analysed, using recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the influenza ha gene inserted into the ha gene locus of vaccinia virus. the recombinant vaccinia viruses elicited a high haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibody response to the homologous influenza virus in mice. in addition, hi antibody generated by the recombinant vaccinia virus reacted with antigenic variants of human h3n ... | 1990 | 2273387 |
| kinetic immunochemical studies of igg production during local and systemic anti-influenza immune response in rats. | the kinetics of anti-influenza igg antibodies in serum and nasal wash during the local and systemic immune response in rats was studied. the influenza virus a/hk/1/68 (h3n2) was injected by two different routes--intranasally and subcutaneously in the hind footpads. the proliferation of the ig-forming cells in the popliteal and paratracheal lymph nodes either local or distant according to the mode of virus administration was also studied. the results obtained during the primary and secondary immu ... | 1990 | 2273250 |
| [the characteristics of the hemagglutinin from persistent variants of the influenza virus a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2)]. | electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel of the reference influenza a/victoria/35/72 (h3n2) virus and its persisting variants (pv) showed that the pv isolated on the 158th day from the moment of persistence modelling (pv158) had mutation in the gene of hemagglutinin (ha). this mutation is manifested by incomplete ha synthesis at 40 degrees c and increase of mobility of the light ha subunit (ha2). analysis of nucleotide sequence of the greater part of ha gene of pv158 virus revealed 5 nucleotide sub ... | 1990 | 2267778 |
| [the primary structure of the hemagglutinin gene of strain a/riga/9977/86--a drift variant of influenza virus a(h3n2)]. | the hemagglutinin gene primary structure of influenza virus a/riga/9977/86 (h3n2) belonging to the "coen/84" antigenic subgroup was determined by primer sequencing. a comparative analysis confirmed that the reversions of amino acids in the late stages of the h3 influenza virus subtype antigenic drift became more frequent and the antigenic variants remained in epidemic circulation longer. the possible role of some mutations is discussed. | 1990 | 2267777 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of a monoclonal antibody fab fragment specific for an influenza virus haemagglutinin and of an escape mutant of that haemagglutinin. | preliminary crystallographic data are given for two molecules involved in the interaction between the humoral immune response and the influenza virus. these molecules are the fab fragment of an antibody specific for the haemagglutinin of influenza virus strain x31 (hong kong 1/68 (h3n2)) and a mutant of x31 haemagglutinin that escapes recognition by that antibody. crystals of the haemagglutinin are isomorphous to those of x31, whose structure is known; they diffract to 3.4 a resolution. crystals ... | 1990 | 2258927 |
| functional role of respiratory tract haemagglutinin-specific iga antibodies in protection against influenza. | intranasal inoculation of haemagglutinin (ha) purified from influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (pr8, h1n1) together with cholera toxin b subunit, into balb/c mice resulted in complete protection against pr8 infection in parallel with the induction of high levels of ha-specific iga and igg antibodies on the respiratory tract. the respiratory tract iga and igg were purified from nasal and lung washings of the immunized mice using affinity columns, and their ha-specific activities were measured by enzyme-li ... | 1990 | 2251874 |
| sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of influenza a virus infections in clinical specimens. | samples of nasopharyngeal secretion (nps) from 100 infants and small children admitted for acute respiratory disease during the period from january to march 1989 were examined for the presence of influenza a virus. all samples were tested by enzyme immunoassay (eia), fluorescent antibody (fa) technique and by isolation in cell culture 3-6 h after they were obtained from the patients. of 24 influenza strains found by isolation, 21 were detected by eia and 19 were fa+. in comparison with virus iso ... | 1990 | 2203125 |
| comparison of live attenuated cold-adapted and avian-human influenza a/bethesda/85 (h3n2) reassortant virus vaccines in infants and children. | randomized, placebo-controlled studies with 10(3)-10(7) 50% tissue-culture infectious dose (tcid50) of avian-human (ah) and cold-adapted (ca) influenza a/bethesda/85 (h3n2) reassortant viruses were completed in 106 seronegative young children 6-48 months of age. although the reassortants differed in six of eight rna segments, they exhibited similar properties in level of attenuation, infectivity, immunogenicity, and efficacy. the 50% human infectious dose was 10(4.6) tcid50 for ah and 10(4.4) fo ... | 1990 | 2197335 |
| effect of live attenuated, cold recombinant (cr) influenza virus vaccines on pulmonary function in healthy and asthmatic adults. | the effects of intranasal inoculation with live attenuated, cr influenza virus vaccines on pulmonary function in healthy and asthmatic adults were evaluated in placebo-controlled, double-blind studies. in 46 healthy adult volunteers, there were no statistically significant alterations in pulmonary function as measured by spirometry and histamine bronchoprovocation tests in the first week following monovalent cr influenza virus vaccine [type a (h3n2, h1n1) and type b]. among healthy adults with p ... | 1990 | 2194380 |
| use of live cold-adapted influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 virus vaccines in seropositive adults. | to investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of cold-adapted influenza vaccine in individuals with underlying immunity to influenza a virus, we administered cold-adapted h1n1 and h3n2 vaccines to adults with prevaccination serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers of 1:16 or more and challenged them 1 month afterwards with homologous wild-type influenza a virus. both cold-adapted vaccines were immunogenic in seropositive adults. in addition, individuals receiving cold-adapte ... | 1990 | 2182673 |
| differential interaction of virulent and attenuated influenza virus strains with ferret alveolar macrophages: possible role in pathogenicity. | the ferret provides a unique model for the study of human influenza. the interaction between alveolar macrophages and virus strains with different levels of virulence was examined in vitro. the greater virulence of wild-type a strains over type b and c viruses was reflected in the higher production of infectious virus progeny and subsequent cytopathology, even though the expression of viral antigens was equivalent for all strains tested. these included a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) and a/rochester/1/8 ... | 1990 | 2181032 |
| sero-epidemiological screening of pig sera collected at the slaughterhouse to detect herds infected with aujeszky's disease virus, porcine influenza virus and actinobacillus (haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae in the framework of an integrated quality control (iqc) system. | over a period of six months, approximately 4700 blood samples were collected from 97 pig-finishing farms in the provinces of noord-brabant and gelderland and screened for antibodies with respect to aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine influenza virus (pi) and actinobacillus (haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae (app). there were significant differences in the percentages of seropositive pigs between the two provinces, which may be related to the difference in the density of the pig population in the ... | 1990 | 2176752 |
| [vaccinations in pigs]. | efficacious and safe gi-negative vaccines are available for vaccination against aujeszky's disease. an intensive vaccination programme carried out consistently will result in the reduction of virus circulating among pig populations. combined vaccination and culling of gi-seropositive pigs may lead to eradication of aujeszky's disease virus in a stock. vaccination of susceptible gilts, sows and boars against parvovirus infections is advisable. the actual period for which a sow is protected agains ... | 1990 | 2161569 |
| [surveillance of acute respiratory diseases in the 1988/1989 season in czechoslovakia]. | the authors submit an analysis of results of surveillance of acute respiratory diseases during the 1988/1989 season in the cssr. the influenza epidemic took place between the 4th and 11th calendar week with a peak in the 7th week. during the epidemic 19.7% of the population in the csr contracted the disease. the influenza epidemic was preceded by a high incidence of infections caused by a respiratory syncytia virus. as to the aetiology, influenza viruses subtypes a/h1n1/, a/h3n2/ and type b part ... | 1990 | 2144473 |
| analysis of influenza a virus temperature-sensitive mutants with mutations in rna segment 8. | temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of influenza virus strain a/udorn/72 (h3n2 subtype) with lesions in rna segment 8 exhibited intrasegmental complementation, and were divided in two complementation groups (h1 and h2) on mdck cells. the nucleotide sequence of segment 8 was determined for three of these mutants. the h1 strains, icr1629 and spc45, have a single amino acid substitution in the coding region of the non-structural protein ns1, whereas the h2 strain, icr516, has a substitution in the n ... | 1990 | 2141068 |
| a 36 nucleotide deletion mutation in the coding region of the ns1 gene of an influenza a virus rna segment 8 specifies a temperature-dependent host range phenotype. | previously a spontaneous 36 nucleotide deletion in the coding region of ns1 was detected in the ns gene of a reassortant virus (cr43-3) recovered from a dual infection by the influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) mutant and wild-type (wt) influenza a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2). the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and ns genes were derived from the wild type virus parent while the other 5 genes were derived from the ca parent. the cr43-3 reassortant virus exhibited: (i) a host range (hr) phenotype, i ... | 1990 | 2138396 |
| enhancement of anti-influenza a virus cytotoxicity following influenza a virus vaccination in older, chronically ill adults. | we studied anti-influenza cytotoxicity by bulk peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte (pbl) cultures derived from older, chronically ill volunteers undergoing vaccination. vaccinees received either cold-recombinant, live-attenuated influenza a/korea/1/82 (h3n2) virus intranasally or inactivated monovalent influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) subvirion vaccine intramuscularly. pbl were collected pre- and postvaccination and in vitro stimulated by autologous pbl infected with influenza a virus homologou ... | 1990 | 2123886 |
| haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies against strains of influenza a virus in horse and pig sera in nigeria. | sera from horses and pigs obtained from lagos and ibadan respectively were examined for haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibodies to two strains each of h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes of influenza a virus. more horse sera had hi antibodies to the h3n2 than the h1n1 strains while pig sera reacted almost equally with strains of both subtypes. all the horse sera had hi antibodies to the two strains of h3n2 subtype (a/mississippi/1/85 and a/leningrad/360/86), while 87% and 14% of the horses examined were ... | 1990 | 2100750 |