Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| energy requirements for the penetration of heads of domestic stock and the development of a multiple projectile. | the forces and kinetic energy required to penetrate the isolated heads of calves, adult beef cattle, sheep and red deer with a metal probe the same diameter as the bore of an experimental pistol were determined. approximately 16 and 127 joules were required to penetrate the heads of adult sheep and cattle, respectively. using these data a 10 g projectile, consisting of 49 lead pellets and a lead disc in a polyethylene sleeve, was constructed. this projectile, when fired by a charge sufficient to ... | 1985 | 3976138 |
| advancement of reproductive activity, seasonal reduction in prolactin secretion and seasonal pelage changes in pubertal red deer hinds (cervus elaphus) subjected to artificially shortened daily photoperiod or daily melatonin treatments. | prepubertal red deer hinds were subjected to shortened daily photoperiod (8 h light per day, n = 3) or a daily (afternoon) melatonin injection (n = 4) for 83 days starting on 8 january, 2 weeks after the summer solstice. compared with control hinds (n = 3) these treatments caused premature moulting of summer pelage, reduced serum prolactin concentrations to barely detectable levels about 34 days earlier than usual and advanced the date of mating. calves were born earlier (p less than 0.005) in t ... | 1985 | 3968657 |
| a progressive spinal myelinopathy in beef cattle. | ataxia of the hind limbs in nine calves was associated with degenerative lesions in spinal white matter and neuronal chromatolysis in red nucleus, spinal grey matter and various nuclei of the medulla oblongata and cerebellum. the clinical signs and lesions were similar to those observed in enzootic ataxia of red deer and occurred predominantly in calves of the murray grey breed. the pathogenesis appears to involve a primary defect in central nervous system myelin with progressive myelin loss pri ... | 1986 | 3946053 |
| lung, heart and liver lesions in adult red deer: a histopathological survey. | 1985 | 3928084 | |
| ultrastructure of the cysts of sarcocystis grueneri from cardiac muscle of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | cysts of sarcocystis grueneri from cardiac muscle of reindeer (rangifer tarandus) in norway were examined by transmission electron microscopy. the limiting unit membrane of the cyst proper formed regularly spaced invaginations into the cyst at numerous sites coinciding with interruptions in the underlying osmiophilic layer. the primary cyst wall formed numerous strip-like, sinuous protrusions, which were 30-40 nm thick, 150-300 nm wide and up to 4.5 microns long, and were running in parallel wit ... | 1985 | 3922150 |
| systemic mycosis in scottish red deer (cervus elaphus). | the pathological features of 10 cases of systemic infection of young red deer by fungi morphologically identified as phycomycetes are described. the most frequently affected organs were the kidneys, followed by liver and central nervous system. the fungi stimulated an acute pyogenic inflammatory reaction and a phagocytic giant cell response. vasculitis with thrombosis and spread of fungi to the surrounding tissue was a common finding. culture was attempted in 4 cases; one yielded absidia, 2 aspe ... | 1985 | 3915751 |
| the role of wild north american ungulates in the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis: a review. | published reports of brucella abortus infections in wild north american ungulates and domestic cattle herds were reviewed to determine if infection in these species was related. bison (bison bison) were frequently found infected, but are probably a minor threat to livestock due to their current limited distribution. most elk (cervus elaphus) were free of infection except where their range was shared with infected bison or livestock. deer (odocoileus spp.), pronghorns (antilocapra americana), moo ... | 1985 | 3908724 |
| faecal bacteria of wild ruminants and the alpine marmot. | faecal samples from 60 red deer (cervus elaphus), 13 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 7 chamois (rupicapra rupicapra), 41 alpine marmot (marmota marmota) and soils mixed with deer faeces from the stelvio national park were examined for campylobacter sp. and salmonella sp. with negative results. the same material, especially deer faeces, was a habitat highly suitable for yersinia sp.: y. enterocolitica (two biotypes) was isolated twice, y. kristensenii (two serotypes) was isolated 19 times, y. fre ... | 1985 | 3898557 |
| insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) antler-stimulating hormone? | we have investigated the possibility that igf-1 may play a role in the regulation of antler development. plasma igf-1 concentrations were measured throughout the first period of development of the pedicle and first antler of red deer (cervus elaphus) to determine whether a relationship existed between growth of antler cartilage (velvet antler) and igf-1. we report that plasma levels of igf-1 are significantly elevated during the velvet antler growing phase relative to the other phases of pedicle ... | 1985 | 3881250 |
| inhalant allergy to wild animals (deer and elk). | we studied 15 highly atopic persons with historic and/or skin test evidence of allergy to deer or elk. all 15 were also reactive to domestic animal danders (dog, cat, or horse). twelve patients had elevated ige antibody levels to deer hair/dander and six patients had elevated ige antibody levels to elk hair/dander. elevated ige antibody levels to serum or urine from deer or elk were found in six persons. by using individual patient sera in rast inhibition experiments we showed that ige antibodie ... | 1985 | 3875300 |
| electron probe study of coronal dentin in red deer. | a topographic description of the concentration profiles of ca, p, mg, zn, f, s and k in coronal dentin of red deer is given. the concentrations reported should be regarded as semiquantitative values. an area along the mesiodistal axis of the crowns showed lower concentrations of ca and p and higher concentrations of mg than the surrounding bulk of dentin. the inner dentin revealed downward slopes of the ca, p and mg profiles toward the pulpal cavity, whereas the zn, f and usually also the s prof ... | 1985 | 3864213 |
| electron probe study of human and red deer cementum and root dentin. | a topographical description of the concentration profiles of ca, p, mg, zn, f, s, and k in human and red deer cementum and root dentin is given. the concentrations reported should be regarded as semiquantitative values. a downward slope of the ca, p and mg profiles toward the pulpal cavity seemed largely to correspond with the secondary dentin. marked elevations of the zn profiles, modest elevations of the f profiles, and in a few instances of the s profiles, toward root surface and pulpal cavit ... | 1985 | 3856926 |
| effects of normal and pathologic eardrum impedance on sound pressure in the aided ear canal: a computer simulation. | reported herein are results of computer simulations of aided sound spectra in ears with normal and pathologic eardrum impedance. the computer technique used in this study has been reported elsewhere [d. p. egolf, d. r. tree, and l. l. feth, j. acoust. soc. am. 63, 264-271 (1978)]. consequently, to develop reader confidence in the computer scheme, its application to real ears was first tested. this was accomplished by (1) comparing computed spectral data with in-the-ear measurements and (2) compa ... | 1985 | 3840499 |
| [functional morphology and microarchitecture of the circumcaudal organ of cervus elaphus and c. nippon]. | 1986 | 3827811 | |
| an outbreak of selenium responsive unthriftiness in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | 1987 | 3824858 | |
| elaeophora elaphi n. sp. (filarioidea: onchocercidae) parasite of the red deer (cervus elaphus). with a key of species of the genus elaeophora. | we described a new species of nematode filarioid (onchocercidae) parasiting the hepatic vessels of the red deer cervus elaphus. this new species is characterized by the number and disposition of the papillae on the genital area of the male, and the presence and characteristics of an "area rugosa" situated just in front of the ventral impair precloacal papilla. we discussed this new species, giving a key to the identification of all the known species of the genus elaeophora. | 1986 | 3813427 |
| belovsky's model of optimal moose size. | belovsky's (1978) model for optimal size in moose is applied to red deer. criticisms are levelled at belovsky's model. in particular, the equation he derives relating net energy intake to body weight is shown to be fundamentally invalid. modifications are suggested using existing published information and an analysis of previously unpublished data on red deer stomach size as a function of body weight. i conclude that quantitative predictions of optimal body size are likely to be very difficult a ... | 1986 | 3796013 |
| malignant catarrhal fever: experimental transmission of the 'sheep-associated' form of the disease from cattle and deer to cattle, deer, rabbits and hamsters. | attempts to transmit malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) from 16 bovine cases of the 'sheep-associated' form of the disease are described. on two occasions disease was transmitted to bovine calves but transmission to red deer (cervus elaphus) was not achieved. in addition, mcf was transmitted from one experimentally affected calf to a rabbit and on another occasion directly to rabbits with material from a field case which failed to transmit to a bovine calf or red deer. subsequently each of these is ... | 1986 | 3764105 |
| induction of early breeding in red deer (cervus elaphus) by melatonin. | lactating (n = 12) and non-lactating (n = 6) red deer hinds and one stag at pasture were given concentrates (500 g/head) containing melatonin (5 mg/head) daily at 16:00 h from 18 june to 16 october. the stag shed the antler velvet and started rutting 5 weeks ahead of untreated stags, and hinds had their first oestrus and ovulation of the breeding season in mid-september, 5 weeks in advance of control lactating (n = 9) and non-lactating (n = 5) hinds. treated hinds were allowed to mate with the t ... | 1986 | 3754582 |
| roaring by red deer stags advances the date of oestrus in hinds. | some male mammals call loudly and repeatedly during the breeding season. although the song of male birds is known to have effects on male-male competition, mate selection and ovulation, until now the loud calls of male mammals have been shown to affect only competition between males. although it has been suggested that loud calling could also serve to attract females, the possibility that it has a direct effect on reproduction in females has not previously been investigated for any mammal. here ... | 1987 | 3683584 |
| relationship of cheek tooth abrasion to fluoride-induced permanent incisor lesions in livestock. | teeth from cattle, sheep, and horses that ingested various fluoride intakes and teeth from field studies of these species plus deer, elk, and bison were examined for abnormalities. approximately 99,000 animals in 322 herds were examined for fluorosis. from field studies, 988 cattle of various ages and with different degrees of dental fluorosis were slaughtered and necropsied. the severity of fluoride-induced mottling, hypoplasia, and abnormal abrasion of paired permanent incisor teeth was correl ... | 1987 | 3674560 |
| phenotyping of individuals sensitive to suxamethonium. the cholinesterase research unit at the royal postgraduate medical school. | four hundred and thirty blood samples from suxamethonium-sensitive individuals have been phenotyped by the cholinesterase research unit following its transfer from exeter to the hammersmith hospital. the distribution of genotypes has been shown to be similar to that found in exeter. screening for the elk and elj genes has not yielded any major differences in the gene frequencies of sensitive individuals, even during pregnancy. the uneven sex distribution of the patients, as well as other unusual ... | 1987 | 3651274 |
| melatonin lowers plasma prolactin levels in female red deer (cervus elaphus). | the aim of the study was to determine the effect of exogenous melatonin treatment on circulating prolactin levels in red deer. melatonin was administered from 12 june 1984 (day 1) to lactating and non-lactating hinds in the feed daily at 1600 h, and to non-lactating hinds by a subcutaneous implant. average concentrations (ng/ml) of prolactin in plasma taken serially over 15-h periods were significantly higher for untreated hinds than for melatonin-treated animals on day 15 whether lactating (66- ... | 1987 | 3644887 |
| [visions or hallucinations. evidence of the black elk, "medicine man" of the sioux]. | 1986 | 3635270 | |
| demodex kutzeri sp. n. (acari: demodicidae), an identical parasite of two species of deer, cervus elaphus and c. nippon pseudaxis. | reports on demodicid mites of the old world species of deer are reviewed and demodex kutzeri sp. n. (= d. cervi sensu kutzer and grünberg 1972; part.) described in all stages of the life cycle. the occurrence of d. kutzeri on two host species, cervus elaphus l., 1758 and c. nippon pseudaxis eydoux et souleyet, 1841 is reported and discussed as a rare phenomenon in the genus demodex. | 1987 | 3596397 |
| hypotensive compounds isolated from alcohol extract of the unossified horn of cervus elaphus l. var. xanthopygus milne-edwarg (rokujo). i. isolation of lysophosphatidyl choline as a hypotensive principle and structure-activity study of related compounds. | 1987 | 3594677 | |
| a radiographic study of skeletal growth and development in fetal red deer. | 1986 | 3594166 | |
| serological evidence of california serogroup virus activity in oregon. | we wished to demonstrate evidence of the presence of california serogroup viruses in oregon and to test for the presence of certain other arboviruses in large ungulates. blood samples from black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), mule deer (o. hemionus hemionus), and roosevelt elk (cervus elaphus roosevelti) from nine counties in oregon were tested by serum-dilution plaque reduction neutralization for antibody to california serogroup viruses, including snowshoe hare, california encep ... | 1987 | 3586196 |
| nors, heterochromatin, and r-bands in three species of cervidae. | chromomycin a3 banding of the chromosomes of three species of cervidae (red deer, fallow deer, roe deer) allows the demonstration of both centromeric constitutive heterochromatin and r-banding patterns useful for identifying all the chromosomes of a given karyotype. in all three species significant amounts of chromomycin-bright heterochromatin are present at the centromeres of all autosomes. the x chromosomes of all investigated species contained appreciable amounts of centromeric heterochromati ... | 1987 | 3584935 |
| cytogenetic studies on cervus elaphus. ii. synaptonemal complexes and nor activity during spermatogenesis. | the activity of the nucleolus organizer regions (nors) in various stages of spermatogenesis of the red deer was studied with the silver staining technique. the ag-stainability of the nors, an indicator of the transcriptional activity of the r-rna genes, is present during the meiotic prophase until pachytene and is absent during the remainder of the meiotic prophase, to reappear during the first stages of spermiogenesis and then disappear again during the elongation phase of the spermatids. the d ... | 1987 | 3506531 |
| toxicosis in tule elk caused by ingestion of poison hemlock. | 1986 | 3505971 | |
| prevalence of neutralizing antibody to jamestown canyon virus (california group) in populations of elk and moose in northern michigan and ontario, canada. | blood samples were collected from free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) harvested in michigan's northern lower peninsula, from moose (alces alces) relocated from ontario's algonquin provincial park to michigan's upper peninsula, and from moose from michigan's isle royale national park. sera were tested by serum dilution neutralization tests in vero cell culture for neutralizing antibody to california serogroup viruses, in particular jamestown canyon (jc), la crosse/snowshoe hare (lac/ssh), and trivi ... | 1986 | 3503129 |
| epidermal growth factor from deer (cervus elaphus) submaxillary gland and velvet antler. | epidermal growth factor (egf)-like activity was isolated for the first time from the submaxillary gland (smg) and the velvet antler of red deer (cervus elaphus) by a combination of sephadex gel or deae-sephacel and imac columns in succession. the semipurified cervine egf-like activity (cegf), with specific activity of 4.7 ng/micrograms protein from the velvet tissues, can generate a completely parallel competitive binding curve against mouse egf in both radioreceptor assay (rra) and radioimmunoa ... | 1986 | 3493947 |
| bone morphometry and function: a comparison between cattle and european elk. | 1987 | 3447465 | |
| electron-microscopic observations on the female worms of six onchocerca species from cattle and red deer. | the midbody regions of female worms of six onchocerca species (o. flexuosa, o. tarsicola, o. lienalis, o. gutturosa, o. armillata, o. gibsoni) were studied by transmission electron microscopy. the cuticular layering was rather similar in all species with the ridges built up by the cortical layers and the inner cuticular striations by the median or basal layers. differences in the epicuticular morphology were considerable. o. flexuosa and o. lienalis had a thin epicuticle without protuberances, t ... | 1987 | 3438294 |
| ingestion of microfilariae from different sources by culicoides nubeculosus (diptera: ceratopogonidae) through an artificial membrane. | laboratory-hatched culicoides nubeculosus midges were membrane-fed on cattle blood containing various onchocerca microfilariae which had been isolated from the hides of red deer (cervus elaphus) and from australian and native german cattle. all microfilariae were ingested through the membrane except those of o. tarsicola, which were too large. onchocerca gibsoni and o. lienalis reached the thoracic musculature, but no further development occurred. microfilariae of o. flexuosa developed to the "s ... | 1988 | 3420793 |
| observations on the morphology of the hair follicle mites (acari: demodicidae) from cervus elaphus l., 1758 including description of demodex acutipes sp. n. | morphology of demodex acutipes sp. n. and demodex sp. parasitizing the red deer, cervus elaphus l., 1758 is described and diagnostic characters of three demodex species from this host are compared. | 1988 | 3417202 |
| tuberculosis in red deer. | 1988 | 3413965 | |
| tuberculosis in red deer. | 1988 | 3413948 | |
| [topography and structure of the stylohyoid muscle in mammals]. | topography and structure of the musculus stylohyoideus (msh) have been studied in 78 species of mammalia from 12 orders. the muscle in question has specific peculiarities not only in its position and fixation, but also in a great variability of its structure. the msh is not revealed in philander opossum, lagostrophus fasciatus, guinea pig, meriones eversmanni, rhombomys opimus, nyctereutes procyonoides, thos aureus, mastelidae. various pathways of development and different functional loading def ... | 1988 | 3408352 |
| borrelia infections of ruminants in europe. | the occurrence of borrelia spirochaetes in cattle in the netherlands is reported for the second time, and in red deer and roe-deer in austria for the first time. it is postulated that these spirochaetes are borrelia burgdorferi rather than b. theileri. the reservoir role of ruminants in the epidemiology of human disease caused by b. burgdorferi in europe should be investigated. | 1988 | 3376412 |
| the pathology of "sheep-associated" malignant catarrhal fever in the hamster. | lesions induced in hamsters by inoculation with the "sheep-associated" agents of malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf) isolated from a red deer (cervus elaphus), designated d/1 and of bovine origin (c/2), are described. clinical signs in hamsters inoculated with the d/1 isolate occurred as early as 13 days after infection although the mean incubation period in animals that developed signs was 27 days. increased numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes were present in the blood of clinically affected ... | 1988 | 3372751 |
| elevated plasma igf 1 levels in stags prevented from growing antlers. | we have previously shown that plasma igf 1 concentration is positively correlated with the rate of antler growth and have proposed that igf 1 is stimulatory for antler growth in the red deer stag. therefore to partly resolve the question of whether the igf 1 was of circulating or local origin in relation to its effect on antler growth, we surgically prevented stags from growing antlers. we recorded significantly elevated plasma levels of igf 1 in the non-antlered stags compared with normal antle ... | 1988 | 3371270 |
| blood biochemical reference values for farmed red deer. | the activities and concentrations of 30 whole blood and plasma constituents including enzymes, substrates, electrolytes and vitamins were determined in samples from 91 clinically healthy farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) hinds ranging in age from one to 15 years. the hinds were randomly selected from a herd maintained on a mixture of reseeded and permanent hill pasture at an experimental research station in north east scotland. the results were analysed statistically and the calculated means, sta ... | 1988 | 3363833 |
| meningoencephalitis in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) caused by streptococcus zooepidemicus. | 1988 | 3358286 | |
| comparison of the serum amylases of farm animals. | 1. serum isoamylases with alpha-glucosidase activity from cattle, sheep, horses, goats, red deer, pigs and dogs were compared to one another. 2. the isoamylases from cattle and pigs were polymorphic. 3. in agarose gel electrophoresis the isoamylases behaved as alpha-1-globulins but in starch gel electrophoresis they were differentially retarded by affinity effects. 4. molecular weights were estimated: cattle (417,000); sheep (402,000); horses (420,000); goat (399,000); red deer (405,000); pigs ( ... | 1987 | 3322662 |
| small rodents and other mammals associated with mountain meadows as reservoirs of giardia spp. and campylobacter spp. | sixty-five percent (469 of 722) of the fecal samples collected from small rodents in the central washington cascade mountains were positive for giardia spp. trapping studies showed that microtines of the genus microtus were heavily infected with the parasite. morphologically the cysts and trophozoites were of the giardia duodenalis type. small-rodent populations appear to maintain their infection throughout the year. our data suggest that there is no difference in the percentage of positive anim ... | 1987 | 3310881 |
| plasma lh and testosterone responses to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in adult red deer (cervus elaphus) stags during the annual antler cycle. | eight adult red deer stags were given an i.v. injection of synthetic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) on seven occasions at various stages of the antler cycle, namely hard antler in late winter, casting, mid-velvet growth, full velvet growth, antler cleaning and hard antler both during the rut and in mid-winter. the stags were allocated at random on each occasion to one of four doses, i.e. 1, 3, 10 or 95 micrograms gnrh. blood samples were taken before gnrh injection and for up to 2 h afte ... | 1988 | 3282020 |
| [analysis of synaptonemal complexes in spermatocytes of the hybrid f1 between red deer and sika deer]. | 1988 | 3273670 | |
| the chernobyl accident. transport of radionuclides to man living in northern sweden. | the pathways of 131i, 134cs and 137cs from the chernobyl fallout to man were followed in the county of västerbotten, sweden. reported airplane measurements had shown that the ground deposition of 137cs was 3-40 kbq/m2 with hot spots with more than 80 kbq/m2. multiplying with a factor of 0.6 gave the 134cs deposition and an approximate factor of 20 the 131i ground deposition. the effective dose equivalent from 131i became low, less than 0.1 msv, as the cows were stabled. the 137cs activity concen ... | 1988 | 3233171 |
| changes in blood content and histology during growth of antlers in red deer (cervus elaphus) and their relationship to plasma testosterone levels. | antlers were removed sequentially from 18 mature red deer stags between 28 and 112 days after casting of the previous hard antlers and the blood volume determined and structure investigated histologically. one antler from each stag was removed during the growth phase, the other at velvet shedding. antler blood volume increased linearly, with increasing antler weight at a rate of 194 ml/kg between 28 and 91 days after casting but subsequently declined rapidly. a zone of mineralisation occurred be ... | 1988 | 3225223 |
| [the characteristic musculature of the pelvic limbs of pudu pudu (molina 1782)]. | the present study gives a topographic description of the muscles of the pelvic limb of pudu pudu (molina 1782). the tabular composed results are discussed together with findings in capreolus capreolus, cervus elaphus, ovis aries, and capra hircus. | 1988 | 3224796 |
| [legal fundamentals and practical accomplishments of abattoir and meat research in mammalian game animals]. | meat regulations also involve game inspection. the previous publication mainly dealt with the regulations and their practice concerning game intended for slaughter. the following publication deals with game hunted for food (deer: red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, roe deer; horned ungulates: european mufflon, chamois; wild boar; european hare; european rabbit) and also game such as the badger and the raccoon. | 1988 | 3222786 |
| effects of chronic long-acting bromocriptine treatment on liveweight, voluntary food intake, coat growth and breeding season in non-pregnant red deer hinds. | seventeen red deer hinds were housed in individual pens and from 28 february until 11 november were injected each week with vehicle (group a; n = 6) or 5 (group b; n = 6) or 12.5 mg (group c; n = 5) of a long-acting formulation of bromocriptine. liveweight and voluntary food intake (vfi) were recorded for each hind, and blood was collected for determination of progesterone, prolactin, tri-iodothyronine (t3) and cortisol concentrations by radioimmunoassay. treatment with the high dose of bromocri ... | 1988 | 3221154 |
| effect of physical restraint and xylazine sedation on haematological values in red deer (cervus elaphus). | blood samples were taken from healthy red deer (cervus elaphus) using physical restraint or xylazine sedation. red and white cell and platelet parameters were measured using a technicon h6000/c analyser. lower circulating red cell mass, lymphocyte and platelet counts were found in sedated deer. mean red cell volume was significantly lower, probably due to the preferential sequestration of young red cells in the spleen. while the main cause of the observed differences is likely to be splenic cont ... | 1988 | 3212274 |
| polymorphism and genetic control of erythrocyte 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the genus cervus. | a study of 11 enzyme systems in blood samples of cervus dama, c. elaphus, c. nippon and hybrids c. elaphus x nippon has revealed an erythrocyte 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase polymorphism in the hybrid populations. genetic analysis suggests that this enzyme is controlled by one gene locus with two codominant alleles, one specific for pure japanese sika deer, the other for pure red deer as well as for fallow deer, while both alleles have been found in the red x sika hybrids. | 1988 | 3207221 |
| antler anomalies in tule elk. | antler anomalies were evident in tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) within 1 yr of reintroduction to point reyes, california (usa). these anomalies are consistent with previously described mineral deficiency-induced anomalies in cervids. the elk were judged deficient in copper. low levels of copper in soils and vegetation at the release site, exacerbated by possible protein deficiency due to poor range conditions, are postulated as likely causes of the antler anomalies. | 1988 | 3193560 |
| septicemic pasteurellosis in elk (cervus elaphus) on the united states national elk refuge, wyoming. | septicemic pasteurellosis caused by pasteurella multocida is believed responsible for the deaths of 48 elk (cervus elaphus) on the national elk refuge near jackson, wyoming (usa) during 1986 and 1987. clinical signs included depression and salivation; necropsy findings included congestion and petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages in lymph nodes, diaphragm, lungs and endocardium. pasteurella multocida was isolated from femur marrow of eight carcasses and a variety of tissues from eight others. | 1988 | 3143020 |
| [immobilization of red deer stags (cervus elaphus l.) using etorphine]. | 1988 | 3136584 | |
| long-term stimulatory effects of a continuous infusion of lhrh agonist on testicular function in male red deer (cervus elaphus). | red deer stags were infused continuously with the lhrh agonist buserelin at 180-270 micrograms/day (1.2-1.8 micrograms/kg/day) for 72 days starting in late winter with the aim of suppressing reproductive function and inducing premature casting of the antlers. contrary to expectation, the treatment resulted in a long-term stimulation of testicular activity lasting at least 2 months; the increases in plasma concentrations of testosterone were associated with an increase in aggressive behaviour and ... | 1987 | 3110411 |
| [sarcocystis alceslatrans (apicomplexa) from a palaearctic elk (ruminantia)]. | sarcocysts from a palaearctic moose have been studied for the first time by light and electron microscopy. because of coincidences in morphology of the cysts, especially of the cyst wall structure and the cystozoides, with the north american species sarcocystis alceslatrans dubey, 1980, they are assigned to this species. | 1986 | 3096168 |
| tuberculosis in imported red deer (cervus elaphus). | an outbreak of tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis in farmed red deer imported from an eastern european country is described. twenty-six of the 106 deer examined at autopsy were found to be infected and 19 had visible lesions of tuberculosis. single comparative intradermal tuberculin tests on 51 deer showed that the test had a specificity of 61.3 per cent and a sensitivity of 80 per cent relative to subsequent biological and cultural tests on tissues taken at autopsy. three hundred and seven ... | 1988 | 3043888 |
| lester r. dragstedt 1893-1975. chronic ulcerative colitis. a summary of evidence implicating bacterium necrophorum as an etiologic agent. | lester dragstedt was born in anaconda, montana, the son of swedish immigrant parents. his entire college and professional education took place at the university of chicago, where he received a b.s. degree in 1915, a master's degree in physiology in 1916, a ph.d. in physiology in 1920, and the m.d. degree (from rush) in 1921. his first academic appointment was as a physiologist at the state university of iowa. in 1925 dragstedt was recruited by dallas b. phemister to help design the new universit ... | 1988 | 3042305 |
| epizootic vesicular stomatitis in colorado, 1982: some observations on the possible role of wildlife populations in an enzootic maintenance cycle. | sera obtained from wild ungulates, carnivores, and rodents in colorado were tested for neutralizing (n) antibody against vesicular stomatitis, new jersey serotype (vsnj), virus to determine their involvement in the 1982 colorado vsnj epizootic in domestic animals. viremic and n antibody responses of two local rodent species to a 1982 colorado isolate of vsnj were determined in the laboratory. the rodents produced only weak viremias, but all developed n antibody. n antibody prevalences for vsnj i ... | 1987 | 3035241 |
| organization and expression of the transforming region from the european elk papillomavirus (eepv). | the nucleotide sequence of the early (transforming) region from the european elk papillomavirus (eepv) double-stranded dna has been determined together with flanking regions. the established sequence, which is 5732 bp long, shows that the genome of eepv is closely related to the previously sequenced bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) and deer papillomavirus (dpv) genomes. seven open reading frames (orfs), designated e1-e7, were identified in similar positions as in the bpv-1 genome. the e1 and ... | 1986 | 3034730 |
| diseases of wapiti utilizing cattle range in southwestern alberta. | specimens from 28 wapiti (cervus elaphus canadensis) were collected by hunters in southwestern alberta in 1984. various tests were performed to detect infections and conditions that could affect cattle sharing the range or cause disease in wapiti. serum antibodies were present against leptospiral serovars autumnalis (25%), bratislava (4%), and icterohaemorrhagiae (8%), and the viruses of bovine virus diarrhea (52%), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (45%), and parainfluenza type 3 (13%). no sero ... | 1987 | 3029443 |
| dna cloning and hybridization in deer species supporting the chromosome field theory. | the cervidae show the largest variation in chromosome number found within any mammalian family. the eight species of deer which are the subject of this study vary in chromosome number from 2n = 70 to 2n = 6. three species of bovidae are also included since they belong to a closely related family. digestion of nuclear dnas with the restriction endonucleases hae iii, hpa ii, msp i, eco ri, xba i, pst i and bam hi reveals that there is a series of highly repetitive sequences forming similar band pa ... | 1986 | 3022841 |
| herpesvirus in red deer. | 1986 | 3012852 | |
| prevalence of herpesvirus infection in british red deer and investigations of further disease outbreaks. | a serological survey of the prevalence of a new herpesvirus isolated from red deer (cervus elaphus), tentatively designated herpesvirus of cervidae type 1 (hvc-1), has shown that the virus is widespread in free-living and farmed red deer. neutralising antibodies were detected in hill deer culled at three different locations in the north of scotland, in farmed deer on five of eight scottish farms and in four of 12 groups of english farmed or park deer. fifty-eight of 145 (40 per cent) hill deer, ... | 1986 | 3008405 |
| experimental infection of red deer (cervus elaphus) and cattle with a herpesvirus isolated from red deer. | 1986 | 3006321 | |
| antagonism of xylazine hydrochloride with yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine in captive wapiti. | eight captive wapiti (cervus elaphus nelsoni) were injected with xylazine hydrochloride on two occasions during march and april 1984. animals were grouped into a modified latin square design and were given either successive injections of yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine (4-ap) to antagonize the sedative effects of xylazine hydrochloride or permitted an unantagonized recovery. induction times ranged from 3 to 26 min with excited and wild animals requiring a supplementary dose. time unt ... | 1986 | 3005668 |
| papillomavirus dna associated with pulmonary fibromatosis in european elks. | multiple beadlike fibromas have been observed in the lungs of european elks bearing cutaneous fibromas and fibropapillomas. dna extracted from the lung fibromas was found to contain multiple copies of unintegrated european elk papillomavirus dna, indicating an association between pulmonary fibromatosis and papillomavirus. no virus particles were observed in the tumor tissue by electron microscopy. histological examination revealed that the lung fibromas had a morphology similar to that of cutane ... | 1986 | 3005617 |
| reversal of xylazine in red deer. | 1985 | 3001997 | |
| a cutaneous fibropapilloma from a red deer (cervus elaphus) associated with a papillomavirus. | a cutaneous fibropapilloma was found on a scottish red deer (cervus elaphus), and a papillomavirus was isolated from it. the virus appeared to be related to bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv1) or type 2 (bpv2) because: (i) it cross-reacted in peroxidase-antiperoxidase tests with antisera raised against these virions; (ii) bpv1 and bpv2 dnas cross-hybridized to the red deer papillomavirus in situ; and (iii) bpv1 and/or bpv2 dna cross-hybridized to the red deer papillomavirus dna on southern blots ... | 1985 | 2997076 |
| [ethmoid tumors in moose and roe deer]. | ethmoid tumors are expansively-infiltratively growing tumors of carcinomatous or sarcomatous nature, deriving from the mucous membrane of the ethmoid bone. in sweden, such tumors were found in 35 elks (alces a. alces) and 4 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) during the years 1947-1982, that means a frequency of about 1 and 0.1 per cent, respectively of the investigation material. however, in the free living elk and roe deer population, the frequency might be much lower. the tumors were malign, exten ... | 1985 | 2993995 |
| epidemiology of two orbiviruses in california's native wild ruminants: preliminary report. | between 1978 and 1983 we collected more than 1,500 serum samples from california's native black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), 4 races of mule deer (o. h. sp.), tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes), roosevelt elk (c. e. roosevelti), pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), california bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis californiana), peninsular bighorn sheep (o. c. cremnobates) and desert bighorn sheep (o. c. nelsoni) and analyzed them for agar gel precipitating (agp) antibodies to b ... | 1985 | 2989899 |
| comparison by experimental infections in cattle of a dictyocaulus species occurring naturally in red deer and a dictyocaulus of bovine origin. | dictyocaulus species larvae were obtained from young red deer which had become infected on pastures considered to be carrying the dictyocaulus species indigenous to the red deer of scotland. these larvae were cultured to third stage and transmitted to five bovine calves. five other bovine calves were infected with third stage dictyocaulus viviparus larvae of bovine origin. microscopic appearances of both groups of larvae were indistinguishable and their lengths were similar. results indicated th ... | 1988 | 2968018 |
| the selection-arena hypothesis. | the selection arena hypothesis offers one answer to a puzzling question. why do some organisms produce many more fertilized zygotes than are actually reared to hatching, birth, or release-then neglect, discard, resorb, or eat some of them, or allow them to eat each other? it makes four assumptions: (1) zygotes are cheap; (2) after conception the investment of parental time, energy, or risk into offspring continues; (3) offspring vary in fitness; (4) variation in offspring fitness can be identifi ... | 1987 | 2961604 |
| skeletal development in ruminants: further data on sexual dimorphism in elk (alces alces). | 1986 | 2953201 | |
| preliminary observations on lungworms in farmed and feral red deer (cervus elaphus) in denmark. | deer farming is on its increase in denmark. based on experiences from other countries, lungworm infection is expected to cause severe problems in farmed deer. therefore, in the present paper, which is the first one to deal with pathogens in danish deer farms, the faecal larval excretion in red deer is examined. | 1986 | 2944072 |
| naturally occurring parasitic bronchitis in red deer: effect of vaccination using live bovine lungworm vaccine. | fifteen red deer calves were put to pasture in two groups, at the same set stocking rates, one group of 10 and one of five, in separate but adjoining enclosures likely to be carrying infective stage larvae of dictyocaulus naturally parasitising the red deer of scotland. the group of 10 had been vaccinated with a live, bovine lungworm oral vaccine; the group of five had not. results did not indicate any advantage to the vaccinated deer in weight gain or general health but they excreted fewer dict ... | 1986 | 2943074 |
| [wild ungulates as a food source for ixodid ticks in belorussia]. | the stock rise of elk, roe and boar up to 24.2, 20.8, and 29.3 thousand heads, respectively, increased their role as hosts of imaginal developmental stages of ixodes ricinus and dermacentor pictus. elk plays an especially important role as the host of i. ricinus (the index of ticks abundance--7.31, the index of saturation--176.9). the indices of saturation of i. ricinus imagos on roe and boar are 96.5 and 73.1, respectively. d. pictus imagos parasitise, in general, board (the index of ticks abun ... | 1985 | 2931663 |
| elaphostrongylus cervi in danish wild red deer (cervus elaphus). | 1989 | 2922906 | |
| fitness costs of gestation and lactation in wild mammals. | like a number of plants, some mammals commonly produce more progeny than they can afford to rear, terminating investment in some or even all of their offspring once the resources available for breeding are known. adaptive interpretations of juvenile wastage rely on the argument that the costs of gestation are small compared to those of feeding offspring. though energetic evidence supports this conclusion, it is unsafe to assume that the relative costs of gestation and lactation to the mother's s ... | 1989 | 2911365 |
| prostaglandin (pgf2 alpha)-induced parturition in red deer (cervus elaphus l.). | prostaglandin pgf2 alpha seems to act satisfactorily as a birth inducing agent in red deer (cervus elaphus). the progress of actual delivery and lactation in the experiments of induced parturition corresponds with observations from natural conditions. the pattern of response time to the birth inducing agent agrees with experience from domesticated species, being longest in females with the least developed fetuses. complications such as those reported from practice with induced parturition in dom ... | 1986 | 2869897 |
| genome of the european elk papillomavirus (eepv). | the genome of the european elk papillomavirus (eepv) was found to be 8,095 base pairs (bp) long and its genetic organization was similar to that of other papillomaviruses. ten open reading frames (orfs), designated e1-e7 and l1-l3, were identified in the genome, all located on one strand. the presence of the l3 orf is rare among the papillomaviruses and to date has only been identified in the genomes of eepv, the deer papillomavirus (dpv) and the cottontail papillomavirus (crpv). the orf is well ... | 1988 | 2853484 |
| serological comparisons of antigenically related herpesviruses in cattle, red deer and goats. | serological comparisons were made using related herpesviruses from cattle (bovid herpesvirus 1), red deer (herpesvirus of cervidae 1) and goats (bovid herpesvirus 6) by virus neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. the test samples comprised field sera from british cattle, red deer and goats and sera from experimentally infected or immunized animals. both the cervine and caprine viruses appeared to be more closely related to bovid herpesvirus 1 than they were to each other. cattle ... | 1988 | 2848356 |
| serological survey for selected diseases in the endangered san joaquin kit fox (vulpes macrotis mutica). | blood from endangered san joaquin kit foxes (vulpes macrotis mutica) inhabiting the elk hills naval petroleum reserve, kern county, and the elkhorn plain, san luis obispo county, california, was collected in 1981, 1982 and 1984 and sera were tested for antibodies against 10 selected pathogens. proportions of kit fox sera containing antibodies against pathogens were: canine parvovirus, 100% in 1981-1982 and 67% in 1984; infectious canine hepatitis virus, 6% in 1981-1982 and 21% in 1984; canine di ... | 1988 | 2836636 |
| serological survey of herpesvirus infections in wild ruminants of france and belgium. | the presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovid herpesvirus 6 (bhv-6), herpesvirus of cervidae type 1 (hvc-1), reindeer herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus 2 (bhv-2) and bovid herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) was investigated in wild ruminants of france and belgium between 1981 and 1986. there were no animals serologically positive for bhv-4. antibodies against bhv-2 were demonstrated in roe deer (cervus capreolus) (less than 1%) and chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) (1%) in france. animals ... | 1988 | 2836635 |
| cross-hybridization and relationships of various papillomavirus dnas at different degrees of stringency. | cloned dnas of 21 different papillomaviruses which naturally infect mammals and one bird papillomavirus were compared for relative homology by southern blot hybridization. blots were carried out under low (tm-40 degrees), medium (tm-33 degrees), and high (tm-22 degrees) stringency conditions. at higher stringency, human papillomaviruses cross-hybridized with each other reflecting species-specific similarities. bovine papillomavirus types 1, 2, 5, european elk papillomavirus, and deer papillomavi ... | 1987 | 2832347 |
| latent herpesvirus infection in red deer: characterization of a specific deer herpesvirus including comparison of genomic restriction fragment patterns. | 1987 | 2825490 | |
| reindeer papillomavirus transforming properties correlate with a highly conserved e5 region. | a papillomavirus was isolated from the epithelial layer of a cutaneous fibropapilloma on a swedish reindeer (rangifer tarandus). reindeer papillomavirus (rpv) is morphologically indistinguishable from other papillomaviruses, but the restriction enzyme cleavage pattern of its genome is different. no sequence homology was detected between rpv dna and the dnas of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) and avian papillomavirus when hybridization was performed under stringent conditions. however, the r ... | 1987 | 2822949 |
| a comparison of the seasonal hormone changes and patterns of growth, voluntary food intake and reproduction in juvenile and adult red deer (cervus elaphus) and père david's deer (elaphurus davidianus) hinds. | non-domesticated seasonally breeding ungulates exhibit marked seasonal changes in metabolic rate, voluntary food intake (vfi), pelage growth and moult and hormone secretion. it is not known whether these seasonal rhythms are regulated by the same central processes which control the onset and termination of the breeding season. here we compare two closely related deer species which have significantly different mating and calving seasons. seasonal changes in vfi, liveweight, coat growth, plasma pr ... | 1989 | 2809481 |
| [removal of cesium from deer meat]. | the effects of pickle-curing on a decrease in the cesium-nuclides amount in red-deer meat were investigated. this meat was contaminated through ingestion of natural feed in seasons after the fall-out from chernobyl accident. two pickles were studied: vinegar solution and the same one with added vegetables and spices. the pickle curing was carried out at temperatures of 5 degrees c and 11 degrees c after cutting the meat into little pieces of about 1.5 cm. adecrease in cesium activity was measure ... | 1989 | 2800252 |
| perocormus associated with segmental aplasia of the cervical spinal cord in a japanese shorthorn calf. | a rare case of perocormus associated with segmental aplasia of the cervical spinal cord in a japanese shorthorn calf is reported. the severe reduction of body length with normal extremities combined to produce so the called "elk calf" appearance. other associated malformations included hypoplasia of the lung, anorectal agenesis and a lobulated spleen. | 1989 | 2794159 |
| isolation and characterisation of lymphoblastoid cells from cattle and deer affected with 'sheep-associated' malignant catarrhal fever. | cells with the histological and ultrastructural characteristics of large granular lymphocytes (lgl) have been obtained in culture from both cattle and red deer (cervus elaphus) reacting with 'sheep-associated' malignant catarrhal fever (mcf). such cells have been derived from thymus, lymph node and spleen suspensions as well as from cerebrospinal fluid cells and cultured cornea. on most occasions their presence was observed only transitorily but by providing the cells with feeder monolayers and, ... | 1989 | 2772411 |
| [legal foundation and practical execution of slaughtering and meat examination of game animals]. | meat regulations also involve game inspection. on the one hand the previous publications dealt with the regulations and their practice concerning game intended for slaughter, especially the control of fences and the gaining of meat. on the other hand regulations concerning game hunted for food (deer: red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, roe deer; horned ungulates: european mufflon, chamois; wild boar; european hare; european rabbit; game such as badger and raccoon) and regulations to be observed by ... | 1989 | 2763282 |
| pulsatile growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors and antler development in red deer (cervus elaphus scoticus) stags. | plasma samples taken every 30 min over a 26-h period each month from six 4- to 15-month-old red deer stags were analysed for gh. in addition, two samples taken at 10.00 and 22.00 h were analysed for insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) and insulin-like growth factor-ii (igf-ii). a concentrate diet was available ad libitum. food intake, body weight and antler status were recorded. concentrations of gh were analysed using the pulsar peak detection routine. secretion of gh was pulsatile in every mo ... | 1989 | 2754367 |
| [food specialization in ruminants: the role of endosymbiosis in its formation]. | peculiarities of endosymbiosis have been studied in four species of ruminant animals with different food specialization (cervus elaphus, moschus moschiferus, carpa sibirica, ans gasella subgutturosa) using the methods of macromorphology, light and electron microscopy, and histochemistry. the differences in morphology of bacteria from populations inhabiting rumen epithelium of the studied animals have been revealed. the specificity of connection of bacteria with cornified epithelium has been demo ... | 1989 | 2745856 |
| species of the genus elaphostrongylus parasite of swedish cervidae. a description of e. alces n. sp. | a description of elaphostrongylus alces n. sp., a parasite of moose (alces alces l.), is given. the main features differing e. alces n. sp. from the other two investigated species are the bottle shaped oesophagus and the oval bursa, which is about 150 microns x 200 microns. e. rangiferi mitskevith, 1960, a parasite of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) and e. cervi cameron, 1931, a parasite of red deer (cervus elaphus l.) have both a club shaped or cylindrical oesophagus and a circular bur ... | 1989 | 2735702 |