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development of oat-based markers from barley and wheat microsatellites.although microsatellites are an efficient and reliable genetic marker system, availability is limited in cultivated oat (avena sativa l.). previous research has suggested that microsatellites from related species may be adapted to oat. this study investigated the stability of existing oat microsatellites, sequenced polymorphic oat amplicons derived from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) primers, and redesigned primers to develop oat-based markers. we evaluated 161 publ ...201020555435
searching for wheat plants with low toxicity in celiac disease: between direct toxicity and immunologic activation.natural or induced variations in the noxiousness of gluten proteins for celiac disease (cd) patients are currently being investigated for their potential in breeding wheat crops with reduced toxicity.201120554485
physical mapping of a large plant genome using global high-information-content-fingerprinting: the distal region of the wheat ancestor aegilops tauschii chromosome 3ds.physical maps employing libraries of bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones are essential for comparative genomics and sequencing of large and repetitive genomes such as those of the hexaploid bread wheat. the diploid ancestor of the d-genome of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum), aegilops tauschii, is used as a resource for wheat genomics. the barley diploid genome also provides a good model for the triticeae and t. aestivum since it is only slightly larger than the ancestor wheat d geno ...201020553621
an introgression on wheat chromosome 4dl in rl6077 (thatcher*6/pi 250413) confers adult plant resistance to stripe rust and leaf rust (lr67).adult plant resistance (apr) to leaf rust and stripe rust derived from the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) line pi250413 was previously identified in rl6077 (=thatcher*6/pi250413). the leaf rust resistance gene in rl6077 is phenotypically similar to lr34 which is located on chromosome 7d. it was previously hypothesized that the gene in rl6077 could be lr34 translocated to another chromosome. hybrids between rl6077 and thatcher and between rl6077 and 7ds and 7dl ditelocentric stocks were examined fo ...201020552325
a cytological map of the short arm of rye chromosome 1r constructed with 1r dissection stocks of common wheat and pcr-based markers.the short arm of rye chromosome 1r (1rs) is introduced into many common wheat cultivars because of its agronomic importance. the gametocidal system has been used to produce dissection lines carrying segments of rye chromosome 1r. we focused on establishing more dissection lines for 1rs and on obtaining pcr-based markers specific to 1rs. we established 66 1rs dissection lines carrying 1rs segments of chromosome 1r derived from a common wheat cultivar 'burgas 2' and obtained 27 markers. we conduct ...201020551617
a comparative analysis of chromosome pairing at metaphase i in interspecific hybrids between durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) and the most widespread aegilops species.homoeologous metaphase i (mi) associations in hybrids between durum wheat and its wild allotetraploid relatives aegilops neglecta, ae. triuncialis and ae. ventricosa have been characterized by a genomic in situ hybridization procedure that allows simultaneous discrimination of a, b and wild species genomes. earlier results in equivalent hybrids with the wild species ae. cylindrica and ae. geniculata have also been considered to comparatively assay the mi pairing pattern of the durum wheat x aegi ...201020551603
molecular and cytological characterization of an extra acrocentric chromosome that restores male fertility of wheat in the msh1 cms system.a new cms system designated as 'msh1' has been reported in bread wheat using the cytoplasm of h. chilense. while testing this system in different wheat backgrounds, a highly fertile line with chromosome number 42 plus an extra acrocentric chromosome was obtained. the extra chromosome did not pair with any wheat chromosome at meiosis, and progeny from this line which lack the acrocentric chromosome showed pollen abortion and male sterility. in order to establish the origin of this chromosome, fis ...201020549484
temporal and spatial changes in cell wall composition in developing grains of wheat cv. hereward.a combination of enzyme mapping, ft-ir microscopy and nmr spectroscopy was used to study temporal and spatial aspects of endosperm cell wall synthesis and deposition in developing grain of bread wheat cv. hereward. this confirmed previous reports that changes in the proportions of the two major groups of cell wall polysaccharides occur, with beta-glucan accumulating earlier in development than arabinoxylan. changes in the structure of the arabinoxylan occurred, with decreased proportions of disu ...201020549231
development of a novel aluminum tolerance phenotyping platform used for comparisons of cereal aluminum tolerance and investigations into rice aluminum tolerance mechanisms.the genetic and physiological mechanisms of aluminum (al) tolerance have been well studied in certain cereal crops, and al tolerance genes have been identified in sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and wheat (triticum aestivum). rice (oryza sativa) has been reported to be highly al tolerant; however, a direct comparison of rice and other cereals has not been reported, and the mechanisms of rice al tolerance are poorly understood. to facilitate al tolerance phenotyping in rice, a high-throughput imaging s ...020538888
[analysis of spike productivity traits in near-isogenic lines of the common wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29 carrying alien marker genes].six near-isogenic lines of the wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29 carrying five marker genes from different species (triticum compactum l., t. polonicum l., t. petropavlovskyi udacz. et migusch., aegilops elongatum host. and secale cereale l.) were studied. it was shown that the introduced marker genes of taxonomic significance, c and p, have strong pleiotropic effects on quantitative traits of the spike productivity.201020536017
[chromosomal location of specific and nonspecific components of polygenic resistance to brown rust in common wheat].the genetic nature of polygenic resistance of common wheat to a causative agent of brown rust was studied. it was established, using ditelosomic lines (dt) of the cultivar chinese spring, that the majority of examined chromosome arms participate in differential interactions with the pathogen during formation of basic traits of polygenic resistance: the number of pustules (np) per 1 cm2 of leaf area, the mean spore formation ability of pustule (msfap), the mean spore formation ability of fungus p ...201020536016
genetic relationships between resistances to fusarium head blight and crown rot in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).fusarium head blight (fhb) and crown rot (cr) are two wheat diseases caused by the same fusarium pathogens. progress towards cr resistance could benefit from fhb-resistant germplasm if the same genes are involved in resistance to these two different diseases. two independent studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between host resistances to these two diseases. in the first study 32 genotypes were assessed and no significant correlation between their reactions to fhb and cr was de ...201020535443
inbreeding depression and low between-population heterosis in recently diverged experimental populations of a selfing species.in fragmented populations, genetic drift and selection reduce genetic diversity, which in turn results in a loss of fitness or in a loss of evolvability. genetic rescue, that is, controlled input of diversity from distant populations, may restore evolutionary potential, whereas outbreeding depression might counteract the positive effect of this strategy. we carried out self-pollination and crosses within and between populations in an experimental subdivided population of a selfing species, triti ...201120531445
wheat (triticum aestivum l.) response to a zinc fertilizer applied as zinc lignosulfonate adhered to a npk fertilizer.the efficacy as zn fertilizers for wheat of zinc lignosulfonate (znls) products adhered to npk was evaluated by three plant experimental designs. in the first and second assays, wheat plants were grown under controlled conditions with perlite and a calcareous soil as substrate, respectively. shoot dry matter and zn concentration showed that npk + znls was a better zn source for wheat than npk + znso(4) under our experimental conditions. a third experiment was conducted under field conditions on ...201020527916
integrative study on proteomics, molecular physiology, and genetics reveals an accumulation of cyclophilin-like protein, tacyp20-2, leading to an increase of rht protein and dwarf in a novel ga-insensitive mutant (gaid) in wheat.dwarfism with a "green revolution" phenotype is a desirable agronomic trait for crop cultivators as associated with increased yield, improved lodging resistance and higher fertility. few dwarf mutants of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum), except for rht-b1 and rht-d1, have been identified. here, we report on a novel dwarf natural wheat mutant, which is identified as a gibberellic acid (ga)-insensitive dwarf (gaid) mutant for its semidominant blocking ga signaling pathway. physiological and mor ...201020527814
molecular markers show a complex mosaic pattern of wheat-thinopyrum intermedium translocations carrying resistance to ydv.thinopyrum intermedium translocations derived from the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) substitution line p-29 were previously characterized by rflp. we have further analyzed these lines and additional related germplasm with publicly available sts and ssrs. primers which showed a polymorphism between wheat and p-29, were tested in all recombinant and nulli-tetrasomic lines confirming their position on chromosome 7d. the resulting 7d/7e chromosome maps appeared as a mosaic of wheat and th. intermediu ...201020526575
the protein disulfide isomerase gene family in bread wheat (t. aestivum l.).the protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) gene family encodes several pdi and pdi-like proteins containing thioredoxin domains and controlling diversified metabolic functions, including disulfide bond formation and isomerisation during protein folding. genomic, cdna and promoter sequences of the three homologous wheat genes encoding the "typical" pdi had been cloned and characterized in a previous work. the purpose of present research was the cloning and characterization of the complete set of genes ...201020525253
water extract of triticum aestivum l. and its components demonstrate protective effect in a model of vascular dementia.although vascular dementia is the second leading cause of dementia and often underdiagnosed, there are no drugs yet approved for the treatment of vascular dementia. in this study, it is demonstrated that water extract of triticum aestivum l. (tale) and some of its components have protective effects against vascular dementia-induced damage by preserving the myelin sheath and inhibiting astrocytic activation. the memory test used a vascular dementia model utilizing bilateral ligation of the caroti ...201020521983
polyphenol content of modern and old varieties of triticum aestivum l. and t. durum desf. grains in two years of production.antiradical activity and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of modern and old varieties of durum (9 varieties) and soft (17 varieties) wheat grains, sampled over two years (summer 2007 and 2008) in the same site, were determined in order to point out differences among varieties and between old and modern varieties. nine compounds were identified by means of hplc/ms, and their amount was determined. no correlation was found between antiradical activity and polyphenol or flavonoid contents. t ...201020509660
wheat beta-expansin (expb11) genes: identification of the expressed gene on chromosome 3bs carrying a pollen allergen domain.expansins form a large multi-gene family found in wheat and other cereal genomes that are involved in the expansion of cell walls as a tissue grows. the expansin family can be divided up into two main groups, namely, alpha-expansin (expa) and beta-expansin proteins (expb), with the expb group being of particular interest as group 1-pollen allergens.201020507562
a highly conserved gene island of three genes on chromosome 3b of hexaploid wheat: diverse gene function and genomic structure maintained in a tightly linked block.the complexity of the wheat genome has resulted from waves of retrotransposable element insertions. gene deletions and disruptions generated by the fast replacement of repetitive elements in wheat have resulted in disruption of colinearity at a micro (sub-megabase) level among the cereals. in view of genomic changes that are possible within a given time span, conservation of genes between species tends to imply an important functional or regional constraint that does not permit a change in genom ...020507561
stagonospora nodorum: cause of stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat.summary stagonospora nodorum is an important pathogen of wheat and related cereals, causing both a leaf and glume blotch. this review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of taxonomy, control and pathogenicity of this species. taxonomy: stagonospora (syn. septoria) nodorum (berk.) castell. and germano [teleomorph: phaeosphaeria (syn. leptosphaeria) nodorum (müll.) hedjar.], kingdom fungi, phylum ascomycota, subphylum euascomycota, class dothideomycetes, order pleosporales, family phae ...200620507435
genotypic variation in drought stress response and subsequent recovery of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, sadovo, katya and prelom, with different tolerance to drought were comparatively evaluated in terms of leaf respiratory responses to progressing dehydration and consecutive rewatering. under drought stress, the respiration of all varieties gradually decreased, as the drought-tolerant katya showed the most pronounced decline at earlier stages of dehydration. when water stress intensified, this genotype gave relatively stable respiration rates compared ...201120502935
development of chromosome-specific bac resources for genomics of bread wheat.the large bread wheat genome (1c approximately 17 gbp) contains a preponderance of repetitive dna and the species is polyploid. these characteristics together serve to hamper the molecular analysis of the wheat genome. its complexity can, however, be reduced by using flow cytometry to isolate individual chromosomes, and these can be exploited to construct chromosome-specific bac libraries. such libraries simplify the task of physical map construction, positional cloning and the targeted developm ...201020501977
a method to produce radiation hybrids for the d-genome chromosomes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).radiation hybrid (rh) mapping is based on radiation-induced chromosome breakage rather than meiotic recombination, as a means to induce marker segregation for mapping. to date, the implementation of this mapping approach in hexaploid (triticum aestivum l.; 2n = 6x = 42; aabbdd) and tetraploid (t. turgidum l.; 2n = 4x = 28; aabb) wheat has concentrated on the production of mapping panels for individual chromosomes. in order to extend the usefulness of this approach, we have devised a method to pr ...201020501975
low red/far-red ratios delay spike and stem growth in wheat.the responses to low red light/far-red light (r/fr) ratios simulating dense stands were evaluated in wheat (triticum aestivum l) cultivars released at different times in the 20th century and consequently resulting from an increasingly prolonged breeding and selection history. while tillering responses to the r/fr ratio were unaffected by the cultivars, low r/fr ratios reduced grain yield per plant (primarily grain number and secondarily grain weight per plant) particularly in modern cultivars. l ...201020497971
genetic dissection of the developmental behaviours of plant height in wheat under diverse water regimes.plant height (ph), a crucial trait related to yield potential in crop plants, is known to be typically quantitatively inherited. however, its full expression can be inhibited by a limited water supply. in this study, the genetic basis of the developmental behaviour of ph was assessed in a 150-line wheat (triticum aestivum l.) doubled haploid population (hanxuan 10 x lumai 14) grown in 10 environments (year x site x water regime combinations) by unconditional and conditional quantitative trait lo ...201020497970
development of genome-specific primers for homoeologous genes in allopolyploid species: the waxy and starch synthase ii genes in allohexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) as examples.in allopolypoid crops, homoeologous genes in different genomes exhibit a very high sequence similarity, especially in the coding regions of genes. this makes it difficult to design genome-specific primers to amplify individual genes from different genomes. development of genome-specific primers for agronomically important genes in allopolypoid crops is very important and useful not only for the study of sequence diversity and association mapping of genes in natural populations, but also for the ...201020497560
a myb gene from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is up-regulated during salt and drought stresses and differentially regulated between salt-tolerant and sensitive genotypes.crop adaptation to abiotic stresses requires alterations in expression of a large number of stress protection genes and their regulators, including transcription factors. in this study, the expression levels of ten myb transcription factor genes from wheat (triticum aestivum) were examined in two recombinant inbred lines contrasting in their salt tolerance in response to salt or drought stress. quantitative rt-pcr analysis revealed that four myb genes were consistently up-regulated in the seedli ...201020490502
molecular characterization and comparative transcriptional analysis of lmw-m-type genes from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and aegilops species.twelve new lmw-gs genes were characterized from bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar zhongyou 9507 and five aegilops species by as-pcr. these genes belong to the lmw-m type and can be classified into two subclasses designated as 1 and 2, with the latter predominant in both wheat and related wild species. genes in the two subclasses were significantly different from each other in snps and indels variations. in comparison to subclass 1, the structural features of subclass 2 differs in posse ...201020490445
sodium exclusion qtl associated with improved seedling growth in bread wheat under salinity stress.worldwide, dryland salinity is a major limitation to crop production. breeding for salinity tolerance could be an effective way of improving yield and yield stability on saline-sodic soils of dryland agriculture. however, this requires a good understanding of inheritance of this quantitative trait. in the present study, a doubled-haploid bread wheat population (berkut/krichauff) was grown in supported hydroponics to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with salinity tolerance traits ...201020490443
extraction and proteome analysis of starch granule-associated proteins in mature wheat kernel (triticum aestivum l.).starch consists of the two glucose polymers, amylose and amylopectin, and is deposited as semicrystalline granules inside plastids. the starch granule proteome is particularly challenging to study due to the amount of interfering compounds (sugars, storage proteins), the very low starch granule-associated protein content and also the dynamic range of abundant proteins. here we present the protocol for extraction and 2-de of wheat starch granule-associated proteins whose most important steps are: ...201020481496
effect of 2,4-d and isoproturon on chromosomal disturbances during mitotic division in root tip cells of triticum aestivum l.the widespread use of the herbicides for weed control and crop productivity in modern agriculture exert a threat on economically important crops by way of cytological damage to the cells of the crop plant or side effects, if any, induced by the herbicides. in the present communication, author describes the effects of 2,4-d and isoproturon on chromosomal morphology in mitotic cells of triticum aestivum l. the wheat seedlings were treated with range of concentrations (50-1200 ppm) of 2,4-d and iso ...201320480806
assessment of genotoxic effects of boron on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) by using rapd analysis.in boron-rich soils of turkey, boron tolerant wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and sensitive bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) are most widely cultivated crops. in this study they have been studied to elucidate the probable genotoxic effects of boron by using rapd analysis. during the study, root and stem lengths have been measured and inhibitory rates (%) of root growth have been found to be significant, starting from 10 (13%) and 5 ppm (19%) for wheat and bean, respectively, which is in strong correlat ...201020467724
protective response of 28-homobrassinolide in cultivars of triticum aestivum with different levels of nickel.seeds of five wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars (pbw-373, up-2338, dl-lok-01, dl-373, and hd-2338) were sown in earthen pots and 10-day-old seedlings were exposed to 0, 50, and 100 μm of nickel (ni) in the form of nickel chloride. at the 20-day stage, seedlings were sprayed with 0.01 μm of 28-homobrassinolide (hbl). the results of the experiment at the 30-day stage revealed a decline in the dry mass per plant, leaf area, leaf water potential, and net photosynthetic rate with concomitant declin ...201120464550
variability in xylanase and xylanase inhibition activities in different cereals in the healthgrain diversity screen and contribution of environment and genotype to this variability in common wheat.endo-1,4-beta-d-xylanases (ec 3.2.1.8, xylanases) and xylanase inhibitors, that is, taxi (triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor), xip (xylanase inhibiting protein), and tlxi (thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor) type xylanase inhibitors, which naturally occur in cereals, are believed to be at the basis of a significant part of the variability in biotechnological functional properties of cereals. xylanase inhibitors in particular affect grain functionality during processing and in animal feeds when ...201020462210
genome structure of introgressive lines triticum aestivum/aegilops sharonensis.the lines triticum aestivum/aegilops sharonensis were explored in regard to the presence of introgressions in the line genomes, their amount and belonging to definite homoeologic group. the results of studying of chromosome associations in m1 of pollen mother celles in the hybrids between the lines with each other and with recurrent common wheat genotype avrora were compared with the data of the line assessment for the chromosomal biochemical and morphological markers. 26 lines were distinguishe ...201020458978
molecular cytogenetic evaluation of chromosome instability in triticum aestivum-secale cereale disomic addition lines.the genetic stability of wheat/rye ('chinese spring'/'imperial') disomic addition lines was checked using the feulgen method and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). feulgen staining detected varying proportions of disomic, monosomic, and telosomic plants among the progenies of the disomic addition lines. the greatest stability was observed for the 7r addition line, while the most unstable lines were those with 2r and 4r additions. chromosome rearrangements were also detected using fish. ba ...201020453302
transfer to wheat (triticum aestivum) of small chromosome segments from rye (secale cereale) carrying disease resistance genes.one hundred wheat lines, derived from monosomic additions of chromosome 1r of rye inbred line r12 (chinese rye), were detected by pcr amplification using rye-specific primer pairs. only 5 wheat lines, 1r296, 1r330, 1r314, 1r725, and 1r734, were determined to contain rye chromatin. while 1r296 and 1r330 were highly susceptible to stripe rust and powdery mildew, 1r314, 1r725 and 1r734 were highly resistant to both diseases. acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the omega-secalin band ...201020453298
dosage effect of the short arm of chromosome 1 of rye on root morphology and anatomy in bread wheat.the spontaneous translocation of the short arm of chromosome 1 of rye (1rs) in bread wheat is associated with higher root biomass and grain yield. recent studies have confirmed the presence of qtl for different root morphological traits on the 1rs arm in bread wheat. this study was conducted to address two questions in wheat root genetics. first, does the presence of the 1rs arm in bread wheat affect its root anatomy? second, how does root morphology and anatomy of bread wheat respond to differe ...201020444906
reaction of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars to infection with fusarium spp.: mycotoxin contamination in grain and chaff.this study compares the susceptibility of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars to fusarium head blight (fhb) and accumulation of mycotoxins in kernels and chaff under different climatic conditions in two locations-cerekwica near poznan (central west poland) and sitaniec, near zamosc, lublin region (south east poland). very high variations were found in the concentrations of mycotoxins (zearalenone, zea; nivalenol, niv; deoxynivalenol, don; moniliformin, mon) in examined fractions: fusar ...201020432094
oddsoc2 is a mads box floral repressor that is down-regulated by vernalization in temperate cereals.in temperate cereals, such as wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), the transition to reproductive development can be accelerated by prolonged exposure to cold (vernalization). we examined the role of the grass-specific mads box gene oddsoc2 (os2) in the vernalization response in cereals. the barley os2 gene (hvos2) is expressed in leaves and shoot apices but is repressed by vernalization. vernalization represses os2 independently of vernalization1 (vrn1) in a vrn1 deletion mut ...201020431086
photosynthesis and yield reductions from wheat stem sawfly (hymenoptera: cephidae): interactions with wheat solidness, water stress, and phosphorus deficiency.the impact of herbivory on plants is variable and influenced by several factors. the current study examined causes of variation in the impact of larval stem mining by the wheat stem sawfly, cephus cinctus norton (hymenoptera: cephidae), on spring wheat, triticum aestivum l. we performed greenhouse experiments over 2 yr to (1) study whether biotic (hollow versus solid stemmed host wheat) and abiotic (water, phosphorus stress) factors interact with c. cinctus stem mining to influence degree of min ...201020429469
quality determination of nickel-loaded silica prepared from poaceous biomass.klason lignin or preacid hydrolysate of a poaceous biomass such as rice husk, rice straw ( oryza sativa ), and wheat straw ( triticum aestivum ) became a good source of highly pure silica by simple calcinations in the testing process for application of high-boiling solvent (hbs) pulping of agricultural byproduct. especially, klason lignin or preacid hydrolysis residue of rice husks offered highly purified silica, which was converted to an excellent ni/sio(2) catalyst for methanation of carbon di ...201020423088
structural and functional relationship between the ph1 locus protein 5b2 in wheat and cdk2 in mammals.the ph1 locus in hexaploid wheat is responsible for restricting chromosome pairing at meiosis to true homologues by suppressing homoeologous pairing. based on detailed modelling studies and predicted ability to form complexes with cyclin-a and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor such as p27, triticum aestivum-5b2 (( ta ) 5b2) is suggested to be a wheat analogue of human cdk2 enzyme. a blast analysis of the protein data bank using the amino acid sequence of the protein expressed by the 5b2 copy of ...201020422243
the mechanism of boron mobility in wheat and canola phloem.low-molecular-weight borate complexes were isolated from canola (brassica napus) and wheat (triticum aestivum) phloem exudates, as well as the cytoplasm of the fresh-water alga chara corallina, and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. phloem exudate was collected from field-grown canola inflorescence stalks by shallow incision, while wheat phloem exudate was collected by aphid stylectomy. chara cytoplasm was collected by careful manual se ...201020413647
molecular mapping of the suppressor gene igc1 to the gametocidal gene gc3-c1 in common wheat.several species of the genus aegilops, wild relatives of wheat (triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) carry gametocidal (gc) genes. gc genes kill the gametes without themselves by causing chromosomal breakage during post-meiotic cell divisions, and therefore are strong segregation distorters. the gc gene gc3-c1 derived from chromosome 3c of ae. triuncialis (2n = 4x = 28, ccuu) induces chromosomal breakage in wheat cultivar 'chinese spring' (cs) but not in cultivar 'norin 26' (n26). this culti ...201020410664
dissection of barley chromosome 4h in common wheat by the gametocidal system and cytological mapping of chromosome 4h with est markers.we used two gametocidal (gc) chromosomes 2c and 3c(sat) to dissect barley chromosome 4h added to common wheat. the gc chromosome induced chromosomal structural rearrangements in the progeny of the 4h addition line of common wheat carrying the monosomic gc chromosome. we conducted in situ hybridization to select plants carrying rearranged 4h chromosomes and characterized the rearranged chromosomes by sequential c-banding and in situ hybridization. we established 60 dissection lines of common whea ...201020410662
two-stage hydrothermal processing of wheat (triticum aestivum) bran for the production of feruloylated arabinoxylooligosaccharides.two-stage hydrothermal processing was employed to obtain feruloylated arabinoxylooligosaccharides (axos) from wheat bran. first, wheat bran in water (10% w/w solids) was heated to 130 degrees c, releasing 36.3% of total solids, 70.3% of starch, and 6.06% of pentose sugars. wheat bran was then heated to 170-220 degrees c. heating to 200 and 210 degrees c released the most axos (70% of the insoluble arabinoxylan) and esterified ferulate (30% of the initial ferulic acid). treatment of 200 degrees c ...201020408584
discovery and expression profile analysis of ap2/erf family genes from triticum aestivum.throughout its development, common wheat, triticum aestivum responds to different kinds of adverse abiotic and biotic stress by expressing specific genes that allow it to adapt to these stresses. in this process, genes in the ap2/erf family encode transcriptional regulators involved in diverse developmental and physiological processes play critical roles. here, we established an extensive picture of the ap2/erf family genes in wheat. from 960, 174 ests of t. aestivum, 117 putative ap2/erf family ...201120407836
molecular markers based on ltr retrotransposons bare-1 and jeli uncover different strata of evolutionary relationships in diploid wheats.molecular markers based on retrotransposon insertions are widely used for various applications including phylogenetic analysis. multiple cases were described where retrotransposon-based markers, namely sequence-specific amplification polymorphism (ssap), were superior to other marker types in resolving the phylogenetic relationships due to their higher variability and informativeness. however, the patterns of evolutionary relationships revealed by ssap may be dependent on the underlying retrotra ...201020407790
energy efficiency of conventional, organic, and alternative cropping systems for food and fuel at a site in the u.s. midwest.the prospect of biofuel production on a large scale has focused attention on energy efficiencies associated with different agricultural systems and production goals. we used 17 years of detailed data on agricultural practices and yields to calculate an energy balance for different cropping systems under both food and fuel scenarios. we compared four grain and one forage systems in the u.s. midwest: corn (zea mays) - soybean (glycine max) - wheat (triticum aestivum) rotations managed with (1) con ...201020402534
identification of quantitative trait loci for aba responsiveness at the seedling stage associated with aba-regulated gene expression in common wheat.responsiveness to abscisic acid (aba) during vegetative growth plays an important role in regulating adaptive responses to various environmental conditions, including activation of a number of aba-responsive genes. however, the relationship between gene expression and responsiveness to aba at the seedling stage has not been well studied in wheat. in the present study, quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis for aba responsiveness at the seedling stage was performed using recombinant inbred lines ...201020401645
effects of soil polycyclic musk and cadmium on pollutant uptake and biochemical responses of wheat (triticum aestivum).the single and joint toxicological effects of ahtn and cadmium (cd) on early developmental stages of wheat, including ahtn and cd uptake, chlorophyll (chl), malondialdehyde (mda), superoxide dismutase (sod), and peroxidase (pod) contents in the seedlings, were investigated. uptake of ahtn or cd by seedlings increased with an increase in the concentrations of ahtn and cd in soil. the presence of cd inhibited the uptake of ahtn in wheat seedlings, while the low concentration of ahtn could induce t ...201020396873
effect of different iron compounds on wheat and gluten-free breads.iron fortification of bread often results in sub-optimal quality of the final product due to undesirable changes in the physical characteristics and sensory properties of the bread. in this study both the form of iron (soluble, insoluble or encapsulated) and the type of bread (wheat or gluten-free) were varied in order to investigate the effect of iron and gluten on the product characteristics.201020393994
[effects of long-term ozone exposure on chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange of winter-wheat leaves].in order to provide basis for evaluating the effects of air pollutant such as o3 on crops yield and food security, the effects of o3 fumigation (ambient air, ck; 100 nl x l(-1), t1; 150 nl x l(-1), t2) on chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange of a field-grown winter-wheat (triticum aestivum l. yang mai 13) in different growing period were conducted via open-top chamber technique in conjunction with diving-pam fluorometer and lc pro + photosynthesis system. results indicated that fv/fm caus ...201020391720
2-d dige reveals changes in wheat xylanase inhibitor protein families due to fusarium graminearum deltatri5 infection and grain development.wheat contains three different classes of proteinaceous xylanase inhibitors (xis), i.e. triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitors (taxis) xylanase-inhibiting proteins (xips), and thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitors (tlxis) which are believed to act as a defensive barrier against phytopathogenic attack. in the absence of relevant data in wheat kernels, we here examined the response of the different members of the xi protein population to infection with a deltatri5 mutant of fusarium graminearum, the w ...201020391529
[ability of winter wheat plants to become hardened against frost related to peculiarities of carbon dioxide exchange, biomass synthesis, and various forms of water-soluble carbohydrates].the donor-acceptor relation (dar) in a plant under cold exposure to frost was studied in the plants of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mironovskaya 808 cultivar and its allocytoplasmatic hybrid containing alien cytoplasm of goat grass (aegilops ovata l.) and grown in a water culture until phenophase, from two leaves until branching. the alteration of dar was processed by treatment of plant with solutions of diuron and paraquat the photosynthesis inhibitors, keeping plants in the dark, changi ...201020387387
evolution of domesticated bread wheat. 201020382836
hydrolysis and speciation of al bound to pectin and plant cell wall material and its reaction with the dye chrome azurol s.hydrolysis of aluminum (al) in solution increases at ph >or= 4 and with an al concentration. pectin, an important anionic polysaccharide of plant cell walls, adsorbs al, but this phenomenon is poorly understood. this study showed that al(3+) hydrolysis results in binding of al to pectin in excess of the stoichiometric equivalent, leading to oversaturation of the pectin with al. however, the degree of pectin methyl-esterification did not affect the extent of al hydrolysis. binding of al to purifi ...201020380374
pwt1, an avirulence gene of magnaporthe oryzae tightly linked to the rdna locus, is recognized by two staple crops, common wheat and barley.the pathogenicity to wheat (pwt1) locus conditions host species specificity of magnaporthe oryzae on wheat. gfsi1-7-2 (setaria isolate) carries the avirulence allele (pwt1) at this locus while br48 (triticum isolate) carries the virulence allele (pwt1). an f(1) culture derived from a cross between gfsi1-7-2 and br48 was backcrossed with br48 to produce a tester population in which pwt1 alone segregated. when hexaploid wheat lines were inoculated with the bc(1)f(1) testers, they were all resistan ...201020373964
a genetic framework for grain size and shape variation in wheat.grain morphology in wheat (triticum aestivum) has been selected and manipulated even in very early agrarian societies and remains a major breeding target. we undertook a large-scale quantitative analysis to determine the genetic basis of the phenotypic diversity in wheat grain morphology. a high-throughput method was used to capture grain size and shape variation in multiple mapping populations, elite varieties, and a broad collection of ancestral wheat species. this analysis reveals that grain ...201020363770
comparative gene expression analysis of susceptible and resistant near-isogenic lines in common wheat infected by puccinia triticina.gene expression after leaf rust infection was compared in near-isogenic wheat lines differing in the lr10 leaf rust resistance gene. rna from susceptible and resistant plants was used for cdna library construction. in total, 55 008 ests were sequenced from the two libraries, then combined and assembled into 14 268 unigenes for further analysis. of these ests, 89% encoded proteins similar to (e value of < or =10(-5)) characterized or annotated proteins from the ncbi non-redundant database represe ...201020360266
heterologous expression of non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from triticum aestivum and arabidopsis thaliana.non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (np-ga3pdhase) plays a key metabolic role in higher plants. purification to homogeneity of enzymes found in relatively low abundance in plants represents a major technical challenge that can be solved by molecular gene cloning and heterologous expression. to apply this strategy to np-ga3pdhase we performed the cloning of the gapn gene from arabidopsis thaliana and triticum aestivum, followed by the heterologous expression in escherichi ...201020359519
wheat (triticum aestivum) peptide (s) mimic gibberellin action and regulate stomatal opening.wheat peptides (0.5 to 3 kda m(r)) mimick hormonal activity like that of gibberellins and forced open dark closed stomata. the deionized amphoteric peptides solution after passing through cation and anion exchanger resins was run through amicon's ultrafilters, 10, 3 and 0.5 kda (m(r)) cut off system. the 3 to 0.5 kda fraction passed through sephadex lh-20 column and collected in 140 tubes (5 ml in each tube). the two fractions f 9 (91-100 tubes) and f 12 (121-130) were found much active on stoma ...201020358870
nitrate modifies the assimilation pattern of ammonium and urea in wheat seedlings.in certain plant species, ammonium or urea nutrition can cause negative effects on plant development which can result in toxic symptoms. some authors suggest that the presence of nitrate can alleviate these symptoms by increasing ammonium and urea assimilation, avoiding its accumulation. in order to study this hypothesis, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings were grown with various nitrogen supplies containing the main nitrogen forms (ammonium, nitrate and urea). amino acids content and the ac ...201020355054
further mapping of quantitative trait loci for female sterility in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).epistasis underlying fertility plays an important role in crop breeding. although a new female sterile mutant in wheat, xnd126, has been identified and a major quantitative trait locus (qtl), taf1, for the female sterility has been mapped, the genetic architecture of the female sterility needs to be further addressed. to identify the interaction involving the gene(s) controlling the female sterility, an investigation was carried out for the seed setting ratio in an f2 population derived from the ...201020353623
[molecular cloning and preliminary analysis of tanoa in common wheat].nitric oxide (no) is an important signaling molecule with diverse physiological functions in both animal and plant cells. in this work, we isolated the full-length cdna and genomic dna sequences of tanoa-b1 encoding a putative no associated (noa) factor in common wheat. bioinformatic analysis showed that tanoa-b1 possessed a similar intron/exon structure as its orthologous genes in arabidopsis and rice. the amino acid sequence deduced from tanoa-b1 was more than 60% identitical to those of arabi ...201020353092
[membrane contacts of endoplasmic reticulum with plasmalemma in plant cells].close contacts of endoplasmatic reticulum membrane with plasmalemma have been shown in common wheat root cells by means of electron microscopy. qualitative analogy of these contacts with high-permeable intercellular contacts in animals has been preliminary established.201020352693
fine-mapping of the leaf rust lr34 locus in triticum aestivum (l.) and characterization of large germplasm collections support the abc transporter as essential for gene function.leaf rust resistance gene lr34 is likely the most important leaf rust gene characterized to date. it has been characterized as an adult plant resistance gene and is known to enhance the resistance of other leaf rust resistance genes and to condition resistance to a number of other diseases. located on chromosome 7d, this gene was identified to be one of six co-located genes of which, an abc transporter was shown to be the only valid candidate. ten new molecular markers were developed spanning th ...201020352182
a single-nucleotide polymorphism that accounts for allelic variation in the lr34 gene and leaf rust reaction in hard winter wheat.leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina eriks, is one of the most common and persistent wheat diseases in the us great plains. we report that the lr34 gene was mapped in the center of a qtl for leaf rust reaction and explained 18-35% of the total phenotypic variation in disease severity of adult plants in a jagger x 2174 population of recombinant inbred lines (rils) field-tested for 3 years. the sequence of the complete lr34 gene was determined for the susceptible jagger allele and for the resis ...201020352181
uptake, localization, and speciation of cobalt in triticum aestivum l. (wheat) and lycopersicon esculentum m. (tomato).the root-to-shoot transfer, localization, and chemical speciation of co were investigated in a monocotyledon (triticum aestivum l., wheat) and a dicotyledon (lycopersicon esculentum m., tomato) plant species grown in nutrient solution at low (5 mum) and high (20 mum) co(ii) concentrations. cobalt was measured in the roots and shoots by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements were used to identify the chemical structure of co within the plants and ...201020345097
chemically enhanced phytoextraction of pb by wheat in texturally different soils.a pot study was used to examine the effects of amendments such as edta and elemental sulfur on the growth potential, gas exchange features, uptake and mobilization of pb by wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in two texturally different contaminated soils at three levels of edta (2, 4, 8 mmol kg(-1) dry soil) and two levels of elemental sulfur (100, 200 mmol kg(-1) dry soil). edta resulted in more solubilization of pb than elemental sulfur in both soils. application of edta and elemental sulfur increas ...201020334894
production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide following introduction of nitrate and nitrite into wheat leaf apoplast.infiltration of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedling leaves with excess of nitrate, nitrite, or the no donor sodium nitroprusside leads to increase both in content of hydroperoxide and activity of peroxidase and decrease in superoxide dismutase (sod) activity in the leaf apoplast. polymorphism of extracellular peroxidases and the presence of cu/zn-sod have been shown in apoplast. using an esr assay, a considerable increase in the level of no following infiltration of leaf tissues with nitrite h ...201020331429
isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid (iaa) producing klebsiella pneumoniae strains from rhizosphere of wheat (triticum aestivum) and their effect on plant growth.the present study was undertaken for isolation of klebsiella strains from rhizosphere of wheat (t. aestivum), screening and characterization of these strains for in vitro indole acetic acid (iaa) production and studying the effect of these strains on plant growth under gnotobiotic conditions. nine strains of klebsiella were isolated from rhizosphere of wheat (var. lokwan) and identified as k. pneumoniae by 16s rrna gene sequencing. six k. pneumoniae strains showed in vitro iaa production. colori ...200920329704
effect of seabuckthorn extract on delayed chlorophyll fluorescence on cd and co ions treated wheat seedlings.the protecting effect of "hypporamine pl" compound isolated from dry leaves of seabuckthorn (hippophae rhamneides l.) on photosystem 2 (ps2) activity suppression induced by cdcl2 and cocl2 treatment in the 7-day-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) under different ph of growth medium was investigated by measurement of millisecond delayed fluorescence (ms-df) of chlorophyll intact leaves. the value o-i/p-s of ms-df ratio was reduced under the cd2+ and co2+ treatments on 60 and 65% respectiv ...200920329404
analysis of transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) harboring a maize (zea mays l.) gene for plastid ef-tu: segregation pattern, expression and effects of the transgene.we previously reported that transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) carrying a maize (zea mays l.) gene (zmeftu1) for chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, ef-tu, displays reduced thermal aggregation of leaf proteins, reduced injury to photosynthetic membranes (thylakoids), and enhanced rate of co(2) fixation following exposure to heat stress (18 h at 45 degrees c) [fu et al. in plant mol biol 68:277-288, 2008]. in the current study, we investigated the segregation pattern and express ...201020306118
cop: a database for characterizing co-expressed gene modules with biological information in plants.using a large dataset (10 022 assays) obtained from public plant microarray databases, we developed the cop database for associating co-expressed gene modules with biological information such as gene ontology terms and, if available, metabolic pathway names. the confeito algorithm developed previously in our laboratory, which is suitable to calculate the interconnectivity between genes in co-expressed gene network, was applied to extract co-expressed gene modules. the database includes the gene ...201020305269
wdbtf: an integrated database resource for studying wheat transcription factor families.transcription factors (tfs) regulate gene expression by interacting with promoters of their target genes and are classified into families based on their dna-binding domains. genes coding for tfs have been identified in the sequences of model plant genomes. the rice (oryza sativa spp. japonica) genome contains 2,384 tf gene models, which represent the mrna transcript of a locus, classed into 63 families.201020298594
effects of chlorimuron-ethyl and cadimum on biomass growth and cadimum accumulation of wheat in the phaiozem area, northeast china.the joint effect of chlorimuron-ethyl and cadmium (cd) on biomass growth and cadmium accumulation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated and compared with single-factor effect of soil cadmium pollution. the results showed that dry biomass of wheat had significantly (p < 0.01) negative relationships with increasing concentrations of chlorimuron-ethyl and cadmium in phaiozem. the highest inhibition rates observed were 76.2%, 62.7% and 55.6% for roots, shoots and glumes, respectively, whe ...201020237912
selected carbohydrate metabolism genes show coincident expression peaks in grains of in vitro-cultured immature spikes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).an in vitro culture system is useful to study grain development under defined conditions to minimize confounding effects associated with whole plant studies and metabolite movement into the developing grains. the objective of this study was to monitor the expression patterns of carbohydrate metabolism genes during grain development in an in vitro wheat spike culture system. immature spikes were cultured prior to anthesis, and grains were collected at various days postanthesis (dpa). grains from ...201020235533
simulation of wheat growth and development based on organ-level photosynthesis and assimilate allocation.intimate relationships exist between form and function of plants, determining many processes governing their growth and development. however, in most crop simulation models that have been created to simulate plant growth and, for example, predict biomass production, plant structure has been neglected. in this study, a detailed simulation model of growth and development of spring wheat (triticum aestivum) is presented, which integrates degree of tillering and canopy architecture with organ-level ...201020231326
variability in indian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties differing in nitrogen efficiency as assessed by microsatellite markers.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a staple food for half of the world. its productivity and agronomical practices, especially for nitrogen supplementation, is governed by the nitrogen efficiency (ne) of the genotypes. we analyzed 16 popular cultivated indian varieties of wheat for their ne and variability estimates using a set of 21 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers, derived from each wheat chromosome. these genotypes were categorized into three groups, viz., low, moderate, and high nitrogen ef ...201020229131
cytological dissection and molecular characterization of chromosome 1r derived from 'burgas 2' common wheat.rye chromosome 1r harbors many agronomically important genes such as resistance genes for rusts. using the gametocidal system, we dissected the 1r chromosome substituted for wheat chromosome 1b in a common wheat cultivar 'burgas 2'. the gametocidal system induces chromosomal breakage in the 1r chromosome, as well as in wheat chromosomes. we cytologically examined a pool of prescreened common wheat plants that had been shown to have single or multiple rearranged 1r chromosomes and established 95 ...200920228578
predicted no effect concentration (pnec) for triclosan to terrestrial species (invertebrates and plants).triclosan (tcs) is an antimicrobial agent which is used as a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic and found in personal care products, and due to this it is spread in the environment. aquatic toxicity studies have been reported, but little data is available for its toxicity to terrestrial organisms. the main purpose of this study was to assess the toxicity of tcs in the terrestrial environment, using a battery of soil species, belonging to different taxonomic levels. the species included the invertebra ...201020227762
biosorption of heavy metal ions using wheat based biosorbents--a review of the recent literature.conventional technologies for the removal/remediation of toxic metal ions from wastewaters are proving expensive due to non-regenerable materials used and high costs. biosorption is emerging as a technique offering the use of economical alternate biological materials for the purpose. functional groups like carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulphydryl and amido present in these biomaterials, make it possible for them to attach metal ions from waters. every year, large amounts of straw and bran from triticum ae ...201020223652
influence of sulfur deficiency on the expression of specific sulfate transporters and the distribution of sulfur, selenium, and molybdenum in wheat.interactions between sulfur (s) nutritional status and sulfate transporter expression in field-grown wheat (triticum aestivum) were investigated using broadbalk +s and -s treatments (s fertilizer withheld) at rothamsted, united kingdom. in 2008, s, sulfate, selenium (se), and molybdenum (mo) concentrations and sulfate transporter gene expression were analyzed throughout development. total s concentrations were lower in all tissues of -s plants, principally as a result of decreased sulfate pools. ...201020219830
aphid resistance in wheat varieties.as an environmentally compatible alternative to the use of conventional insecticides to control cereal aphids, we have investigated the possibility to exploit natural resistance to insect pests in wheat varieties. we have tested a wide range of hexaploid (triticum aestivum), tetraploid (t. durum) and diploid (t. boeoticum and t. monococcum) wheat lines for resistance to the bird cherry oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi). lines tested included russian wheat aphid (diuraphis noxia), greenbug (schizaph ...200920218532
non-coding small rnas responsive to abiotic stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).plant small rnas are emerging as significant components of epigenetic processes and of gene networks involved in development and homeostasis. in this paper, to identify small rnas in wheat, 2,076 small rnas were identified in a small rna library from leaf, root, and spike. these small rnas mapped to non-coding regions the cds region of protein-coding genes and 5' utr and 3' utr regions. the expression of small rnas in seedling leaves, roots, and spikes were analyzed by northern blot, which indic ...201020217168
effects of short exposures to spinosad-treated wheat or maize on four stored-grain insects.the effect of short exposures to spinosad-treated wheat, triticum aestivum l., or maize, zea mays l., was evaluated against adults of four stored-product insect species: lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (coleoptera: bostrichidae); rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae); red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae); and the psocid lepinotus reticulatus (enderlein) (psocoptera: trogiidae). adult mortality of these species was reco ...201020214387
acaricidal effect of different diatomaceous earth formulations against tyrophagus putrescentiae (astigmata: acaridae) on stored wheat.laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effect of different diatomaceous earth (de) formulations against adults and immature stages of the stored-product mite species tyrophagus putrescentiae (schrank). five de formulations were used in the tests: silicosec, pyrisec, insecto, protect-it, and dea-p. the tests were conducted at 25 degrees c and 75% rh, on wheat, triticum aestivum l., treated with des at two dose rates, 0.2 and 0.5 g/kg. the mortality of mite individuals was measured af ...201020214386
the chromosome content and genotype of two wheat cell lines and of their somatic fusion product with oat.somatic hybridization seeks to genetically combine phylogenetically distant parents. an effective system has been established in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) involving protoplasts from a non-totipotent cell line adapted to in vitro culture (t(1)) in combination with totipotent protoplasts harvested from embryogenic calli (t(2)). here, we report the karyotype and genotype of t(1) and t(2). line t(1) carries nine a (a-genome of wheat), seven b (b-genome of wheat) and eight d (d-genome of whe ...201020204401
nitrogen supply and cyanide concentration influence the enrichment of nitrogen from cyanide in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.).cyanide assimilation by the beta-cyanoalanine pathway produces asparagine, aspartate and ammonium, allowing cyanide to serve as alternate or supplemental source of nitrogen. experiments with wheat and sorghum examined the enrichment of (15)n from cyanide as a function of external cyanide concentration in the presence or absence of nitrate and/or ammonium. cyanogenic nitrogen became enriched in plant tissues following exposure to (15)n-cyanide concentrations from 5 to 200 microm, but when exposur ...201020199620
[production of alloplasmic and euplasmic wheat-barley ditelosomic substitution lines 7h(1)lmar(7d) and analysis of the 18s/5s mitochondrial repeat in these lines].alloplasmic lines of common wheat with disomic substitution of chromosome 7d for telocentric chromosome 7h(1)lmar of barley h. marinum subsp. gussoneanum hudson were isolated from the plants of generation bc3, produced as a result of backcrossing of barley-wheat hybrids h. marinum subsp. gussoneanum (2n = 28) x x t. aestivum (2n = 42), pyrotrix, cultivar, with 28 common wheat cultivars pyrotrix 28 and novosibirskaya 67. chromosome substitution pattern was determined using ssr analysis and c-band ...200920198973
[comparative cytological and molecular analysis of introgressive common wheat lines containing genetic material of triticum timopheevii zhur].a total of 40 introgressive lines of common wheat (2n = 42) triticum aestivum l x t. timopheevii zhuk., resistant to brown rust and partly to powdery mildew, were examined. based on cytological analysis of meiosis in pollen mother cells (pmc), hybrid lines were subdivided into two groups characterized by either stable or unstable meiosis. in cytologically stable lines, chromosome configuration at the mi stage of meiosis was mostly bivalent (21ii) with small proportion of defect cells (almost 10% ...200920198972
[the influence of 24-epibrassidinole on the hormone status of wheat plants under sodium chloride].we studied the influence of the preconditioning of wheat germ (triticum aestivum l.) with 0.4 microm 24-epibrassidinole (eb) on the growth and hormone status of plants under the influence of 2% nacl. the preconditioning with eb promoted the lowering of the extent of the damaging influence of pickling on the growth of germs. the important contribution to the realization of the protective action of eb in the preconditioning of plants is probably that of its ability to lower the level of stress-ind ...201520198927
[role of lipoxygenase in the determination of wheat grain quality].analysis of the correlation between endogenous lipoxygenase activity and 15 wheat grain quality parameters in three bread wheat populations has shown that enzyme activity influences the weight of 1000 grains, dough deformation energy, dough tenacity, and mixing properties. the correlations between the enzyme activity and the basic quality parameters are negative at high activity levels. the optimum values of specific lipoxygenase activity at which all quality parameters studied have the maximum ...201020198925
pyramiding qtl increases seedling resistance to crown rot (fusarium pseudograminearum) of wheat (triticum aestivum).crown rot of wheat (triticum aestivum), predominantly caused by the fungus fusarium pseudograminearum, has become an increasingly important disease constraint in many winter cereal production regions in australia. our group has previously identified a range of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for partial resistance to crown rot in various bread wheat sources. here, we report on work that has assessed the effectiveness of pyramiding qtl to improve resistance to crown rot. two doubled haploid populat ...201020198470
fine mapping fhb4, a major qtl conditioning resistance to fusarium infection in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).qfhi.nau-4b is a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) against fusarium graminearum infection identified in the fusarium head blight-resistant germplasm wangshuibai. to fine map this qtl, a recombinant inbred line (ril) population of 530 lines derived from nanda2419 x wangshuibai and the bc(3)f(2) population derived from the cross of a qfhi.nau-4b near isogenic line (nil) with susceptible cultivar mianyang 99-323 as the recurrent parent were screened for recombinants occurred between microsatelli ...201020198469
genotoxicity of tetracycline as an emerging pollutant on root meristem cells of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).increasing attention has been paid to antibiotic contamination as an increasingly serious environmental issue. tetracycline has been widely used for decades in human and veterinary medicines, with incremental residues in the environment and adverse influences on living organisms. in the present study, the genetic toxicity of tetracycline was investigated using a bioassay method with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) root-meristem cells at a concentration range of 0.25-300 mg l(-1) and exposure times ...201020196145
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