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chromosome elimination by wide hybridization between triticeae or oat plant and pearl millet: pearl millet chromosome dynamics in hybrid embryo cells.wide crossing is one of a number of practical methods that can be used to expand genetic variation in common wheat (triticum aestivum). however, in crosses between wheat and distantly related species such as maize (zea mays) and pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum), non-wheat chromosomes are often eliminated from the hybrid during embryogenesis. in this study, we used pearl millet pollen to pollinate the pistils of a range of plants in the tribe triticeae, as well as oat. seven days after pollinati ...201020953694
expression divergence of tambd2 homoeologous genes encoding methyl cpg-binding domain proteins in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).most hexaploid wheat genes are present as triplicate homoeologs derived from the ancestral species. previously, we isolated six wheat cdnas with open reading frame, encoding methyl cpg-binding domain proteins (mbds). in this study, the genomic and cdna sequences of three tambd2 homoeologous genes were obtained and mapped on chromosomes 5a, 5b and 5d, respectively. these sequences showed a very high conservation in the coding region and the exon/intron structure, but the cdna sequences are distin ...201120951189
stable isotope labelling and zinc distribution in grains studied by laser ablation icp-ms in an ear culture system reveals zinc transport barriers during grain filling in wheat.zinc (zn) deficiency has been recognized as a potential risk for human health in many developing regions where staple food with low micronutrient density represents a major proportion of the diet. the success of strategies to increase zn content in the edible part of crops requires better understanding of zn transport to, and distribution within, the grains. the transfer of zn from the growth medium to wheat (triticum aestivum) grains in an ear culture system was investigated by using the stable ...201020946419
glomus africanum and g. iranicum, two new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (glomeromycota).two new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species (glomeromycota) of genus glomus, g. africanum and g. iranicum, are described and illustrated. both species formed spores in loose clusters and singly in soil and g. iranicum sometimes inside roots. g. africanum spores are pale yellow to brownish yellow, globose to subglobose, (60-)87(-125) μm diam, sometimes ovoid to irregular, 80-110 x 90-140 μm. the spore wall consists of a semipermanent, hyaline, outer layer and a laminate, smooth, pale yellow to ...201020943558
toxic effect of tetracycline exposure on growth, antioxidative and genetic indices of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).more attention has been paid to tetracycline contamination in view of its rapid increasing concentration in the environment. therefore, it is important to set up rapid, simple, and accurate methods for monitoring tetracycline ecotoxicity.201120936531
a comparative analysis of leaf shape of wheat, barley and maize using an empirical shape model.the phenotypes of grasses show differences depending on growth conditions and ontogenetic stage. understanding these responses and finding suitable mathematical formalizations are an essential part of the development of plant and crop models. usually, a marked change in architecture between juvenile and adult plants is observed, where dimension and shape of leaves are likely to change. in this paper, the plasticity of leaf shape is analysed according to growth conditions and ontogeny.201120929895
"adaptation" and chromosome variability in excised roots of cereals.heteroploidy, often coinciding with phenotypic or metabolic changes, was found in cereal root cultures. in some cases the changes were apparent after only 4 passages and affected the roots of bread wheat as well as those containing all or some of the wheat and rye genomes. it is unsafe to assume that cultured organised tissues are cytologically stable. the cause of the abnormality is not known but possible mechanisms are discussed.020925680
mapping genes lr53 and yr35 on the short arm of chromosome 6b of common wheat with microsatellite markers and studies of their association with lr36.the rust resistance genes lr53 and yr35, transferred to common wheat from triticum dicoccoides, were reported previously to be completely linked on chromosome 6b. four f (3) families were produced from a cross between a line carrying lr53 and yr35 (98m71) and the leaf rust and stripe rust susceptible genotype avocet "s" and were rust tested using puccinina triticina pathotype 53-1,(6),(7),10,11 and puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotype 110 e143 a+. the homozygous resistant lines produced ...201020924745
molecular analysis of phosphomannomutase (pmm) genes reveals a unique pmm duplication event in diverse triticeae species and the main pmm isozymes in bread wheat tissues.phosphomannomutase (pmm) is an essential enzyme in eukaryotes. however, little is known about pmm gene and function in crop plants. here, we report molecular evolutionary and biochemical analysis of pmm genes in bread wheat and related triticeae species.201020920368
the rad51 and dmc1 homoeologous genes of bread wheat: cloning, molecular characterization and expression analysis.meiotic recombination in eukaryotes requires two homologues of the e. coli reca proteins: rad51 and dmc1. both proteins play important roles in the binding of single stranded dna, homology search, strand invasion and strand exchange. meiotic recombination has been well studied in arabidopsis, rice, maize and the orthologues of rad51 and dmc1 have been characterized. however genetic analysis of the rad51 and dmc1 genes in bread wheat has been hampered due to the absence of complete sequence infor ...201020920212
metabolic fate of [¹⁴c]diuron and [¹⁴c]linuron in wheat (triticum aestivum) and radish (raphanus sativus).metabolism of xenobiotics in plants usually occurs in three phases, phase i (primary metabolism), phase ii (conjugation processes), and phase iii (storage). the uptake and metabolism of [(14)c]diuron and [(14)c]linuron were investigated in wheat and radish. seeds were sown in quartz sand and irrigated with a nutrient solution of either radioactive herbicide. plants were harvested after two weeks, and metabolites were extracted and then analyzed by radio-reverse-high-performance liquid chromatogr ...201020886880
higs: host-induced gene silencing in the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen blumeria graminis.powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophic pathogens that only grow on living hosts and cause damage in thousands of plant species. despite their agronomical importance, little direct functional evidence for genes of pathogenicity and virulence is currently available because mutagenesis and transformation protocols are lacking. here, we show that the accumulation in barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum) of double-stranded or antisense rna targeting fungal transcripts affects t ...201020884801
silicon improves the tolerance of wheat seedlings to ultraviolet-b stress.enhanced ultraviolet-b (uv-b) irradiation is one of the most important abiotic stresses that could influence the growth and physiological traits of plants. in this work, we reported the effects of silicon on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv hengmai5229) subject to uv-b stress. treatments with silicon significantly increased total biomass and chlorophyll (a + b) content, and reduced malondialdehyde (mda) content and the rate of superoxide ra ...201120882366
[effects of shading on the nitrogen redistribution in wheat plant and the wheat grain quality].taking winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars yangmai 158 (shading-tolerant) and yangmai 11 (shading-sensitive) as test materials, this paper studied the effects of shading at the stages from jointing to maturity on the plant n redistribution, grain yield, and grain- and dough quality of the cultivars. the treatments were non-shading, 22% shading, and 33% shading. under shading, the grain yield and its protein content of yangmai 158 and yangmai 11 decreased by 4.1%-9.9% and 3.0%-8.3%, and ...201020879528
identification and validation of quantitative trait loci conferring tan spot resistance in the bread wheat variety ernie.tan spot, caused by pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a foliar disease of wheat, and it can inflict serious reduction in grain yield and quality. the bread wheat variety ernie was found to be immune to this disease in australia, and its genetic control was investigated by quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis using a doubled haploid population. eight qtl were identified in this population from three independent trials, and four of them were derived from the parent ernie. the most significant qtl ...201020865401
spatial and seasonal distribution of nitrate-n in groundwater beneath the rice-wheat cropping system of india: a geospatial analysis.increased use of nitrogenous fertilizers in the intensively cultivated rice (oryza sativa)-wheat (triticum aestivum) cropping system (covers a 13.5-ha m area in south asia) has led to the concentration of nitrates (no(3)-n) in the groundwater (gw) in haryana state of india. six districts from the freshwater zone were selected to identify factors affecting no(3)-n enrichment in gw. water and soil samples were collected from 1,580 locations and analyzed for their chemical properties. about 3% (26, ...201120865320
allelic variations in glu-1 and glu-3 loci of historical and modern iranian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars.proline and glutamine-rich wheat seed endosperm proteins are collectively referred to as prolamins. they are comprised of hmw-gss, lmw-gss and gliadins. hmw-gss are major determinants of gluten elasticity and lmw-gss considerably affect dough extensibility and maximum dough resistance. the inheritance of glutenin subunits follows mendelian genetics with multiple alleles in each locus. identification of the banding patterns of glutenin subunits could be used as an estimate for screening high qual ...201020861570
susceptibility of various life stages of rhyzopertha dominica (coleoptera: bostrichidae) to flameless catalytic infrared radiation.in laboratory experiments, a flameless catalytic infrared emitter, fueled by propane, was used to disinfest hard red winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., containing different life stages of the lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.), an economically important insect species associated with stored wheat in kansas. the emitter generates infrared radiation in the 3-7-microm range. the life stages of r. dominica exposed to infrared radiation included eggs, larvae in different stages of develop ...201020857767
biotypic diversity in greenbug (hemiptera: aphididae): microsatellite-based regional divergence and host-adapted differentiation.nineteen isolates of the cereal aphid pest greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani) (hemiptera: aphididae), were collected from wheat, triticum aestivum l.; barley, hordeum vulgare l.; or noncultivated grass hosts in five locations from colorado and wyoming. parthenogenetic colonies were established. biotypic profiles of the 19 isolates were determined based on their abilities to damage a set of host plant differentials, and 13 new biotypes were identified. genetic diversity among the 19 isolates ...201020857761
apoplastic ascorbate contributes to the differential ozone sensitivity in two varieties of winter wheat under fully open-air field conditions.we studied leaf apoplastic ascorbates in relation to ozone (o(3)) sensitivity in two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties: yangfumai 2 (y2) and yangmai 16 (y16). the plants were exposed to elevated o(3) concentration 27% higher than the ambient o(3) concentration in a fully open-air field from tillering stage until final maturity. the less sensitive variety y16 had higher concentration of reduced ascorbate in the apoplast and leaf tissue by 33.5% and 12.0%, respectively, than those in t ...201020855141
utility of leaf senescence-associated gene homologs as developmental markers in common wheat.senescence is the final stage of development in plant tissues. in the senescence process, many senescence-associated genes (sags) are reportedly transcriptionally up-regulated. here, we reported the isolation of nine wheat sag cdna clones named tasag1 to tasag9, and evaluated the usefulness of the sag homologs for wheat developmental molecular markers based on their expression patterns. the nine wheat sags were identified in wheat est libraries based on their homology to rice sags. all wheat sag ...201720850333
new slow-rusting leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes lr67 and yr46 in wheat are pleiotropic or closely linked.the common wheat genotype 'rl6077' was believed to carry the gene lr34/yr18 that confers slow-rusting adult plant resistance (apr) to leaf rust and stripe rust but located to a different chromosome through inter-chromosomal reciprocal translocation. however, haplotyping using the cloned lr34/yr18 diagnostic marker and the complete sequencing of the gene indicated lr34/yr18 is absent in rl6077. we crossed rl6077 with the susceptible parent 'avocet' and developed f(3), f(4) and f(6) populations fr ...201120848270
analysis of high temperature stress on the dynamics of antenna size and reducing side heterogeneity of photosystem ii in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum).this study demonstrates the effect of high temperature stress on the heterogeneous behavior of psii in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves. photosystem ii in green plant chloroplasts displays heterogeneity both in the composition of its light harvesting antenna i.e. on the basis of antenna size (α, β and γ centers) and in the ability to reduce the plastoquinone pool i.e. the reducing side of the reaction centers (q(b)-reducing centers and q(b)-non-reducing centers). detached wheat leaves were subje ...201120840840
genetic mapping of the stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici eriks. & e. henn) resistance gene sr13 in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causative agent of stem rust in wheat, is known for its high virulence variability and ability to evolve new virulence to resistance genes. thus, pyramiding of several resistance genes in a single line is the best strategy for a sustainable control of wheat stem rust. sr13 is one of the few resistance genes that are effective against wide ranging p. graminis f. sp. tritici races, including the pestilent race ug99. its effectiveness to ug99 makes it a valuabl ...201120838760
identification and development of a functional marker of tagw2 associated with grain weight in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the osgw2 gene is involved in rice grain development, influencing grain width and weight. its ortholog in wheat, tagw2, was considered as a candidate gene related to grain development. we found that tagw2 is constitutively expressed, with three orthologs expressing simultaneously. the coding sequence (cds) of tagw2 is 1,275 bp encoding a protein with 424 amino acids, and has a functional domain shared with osgw2. no divergence was detected within the cds sequences in the same locus in ten variet ...201120838758
occurrence of ochratoxin a and citrinin in czech cereals and comparison of two hplc methods for ochratoxin a detection.the aims of the study were to obtain information about the occurrence of ochratoxin a (ota) and citrinin (cit) in cereals harvested in the czech republic and to compare two analytical procedures for detecting ota. a total of 34 cereal samples, including two matrix reference materials (r-biopharm, germany), were analysed. the results were compared with the limit for raw cereal grains used as a foodstuff according to commission regulation no. 1881/2006, which allows a maximum ota level of 5 µg kg( ...020835934
lead-induced phytotoxicity mechanism involved in seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the mechanism of lead-inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth was investigated in wheat cv. xihan 2 subjected to different pb(no(3))(2) concentrations. high concentrations of lead and exogenous h(2)o(2) significantly inhibited seed germination and the growth of roots and shoots. dimethylthiourea, catalase or diphenylene iodonium could reverse lead-inhibitory effects on seed germination. significant elevated h(2)o(2) generation was observed in germinating seeds exposed to lead. ...201020833428
effective shutdown in the expression of celiac disease-related wheat gliadin t-cell epitopes by rna interference.celiac disease (cd) is an enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins from wheat and similar proteins from barley and rye. the inflammatory reaction is controlled by t cells that recognize gluten peptides in the context of human leukocyte antigen (hla) dq2 or hla-dq8 molecules. the only available treatment for the disease is a lifelong gluten-exclusion diet. we have used rnai to down-regulate the expression of gliadins in bread wheat. a set of hairpin constructs were designed and e ...201020829492
isolation and characterization of a gene encoding a polyethylene glycol-induced cysteine protease in common wheat.plant cysteine protease (cp) genes are induced by abiotic stresses such as drought, yet their functions remain largely unknown. we isolated the full-length cdna encoding a triticum aestivum cp gene, designated tacp, from wheat by the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. sequence analysis revealed that tacp contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 362 amino acids, which is 96% identical to barley cysteine protease hvsf42. the tacp transcript level in wheat seedlings was upr ...201020826947
signaling events leading to red-light-induced suppression of photomorphogenesis in wheat (triticum aestivum).perception of red light (400 μmol photon m²/s) by the shoot bottom turned off the greening process in wheat. to understand the signaling cascade leading to this photomorphogenic response, certain signaling components were probed in seedlings grown in different light regimes. upon analysis the gene expression of heterotrimeric gα and gβ were severely down-regulated in seedlings grown without vermiculite and having their shoot bottom exposed to red light (r/v-) and was similar to that of dark-grow ...201020823341
toxicity of the molybdate anion in soil is partially explained by effects of the accompanying cation or by soil ph.previous studies have shown that toxicity of cationic trace metals in soil is partially confounded by effects of the accompanying anions. a similar assessment is reported here for toxicity of an oxyanion, i.e., molybdate (moo(4) (2-)), the soil toxicity of which is relatively unexplored. solubility and toxicity were compared between the soluble sodium molybdate (na(2)moo(4)) and the sparingly soluble molybdenum trioxide (moo(3)). confounding effects of salinity were excluded by referencing the n ...201020821569
physiological and potential genetic toxicity of chlortetracycline as an emerging pollutant in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).increasing attention is now being paid to antibiotic contamination as a serious environmental issue. chlortetracycline has been widely used for decades as a human and veterinary medicine, which has resulted in environmental residues and damage to living organisms. in the present study, the physiological and potential genetic toxicity of chlortetracycline was investigated using a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) bioassay at a concentration range of 0.0625 to 300 mg/l and an exposure time of 24, 48, a ...201020821522
prediction of genetic values of quantitative traits in plant breeding using pedigree and molecular markers.the availability of dense molecular markers has made possible the use of genomic selection (gs) for plant breeding. however, the evaluation of models for gs in real plant populations is very limited. this article evaluates the performance of parametric and semiparametric models for gs using wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and maize (zea mays) data in which different traits were measured in several environmental conditions. the findings, based on extensive cross-validations, indicate that models inc ...201020813882
variation in cadmium tolerance and accumulation and their relationship in wheat recombinant inbred lines at seedling stage.in order to identify the variation of cadmium (cd) tolerance and accumulation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a study was conducted in hydroponic culture with or without cd using recombinant inbred lines (rils) consisting of 103 rils derived from a cross of chuan 35050 × shannong 483 at seedling stage. the parameters of shoot height, secondary roots numbers, tiller numbers, shoot dry weights, root dry weights, and maximum efficiency of photosystem ii photochemistry under dark-adopted conditions ...201120809273
the multiple origins of aluminium resistance in hexaploid wheat include aegilops tauschii and more recent cis mutations to taalmt1.acid soils limit plant production worldwide because their high concentrations of soluble aluminium cations (al(3+) ) inhibit root growth. major food crops such as wheat (triticum aestivum l.) have evolved mechanisms to resist al(3+) toxicity, thus enabling wider distribution. the origins of al(3+) resistance in wheat are perplexing because all progenitors of this hexaploid species are reportedly sensitive to al(3+) stress. the large genotypic variation for al(3+) resistance in wheat is largely c ...201020804458
cold acclimation proteome analysis reveals close link between the up-regulation of low-temperature associated proteins and vernalization fulfillment.low-temperature (lt) stress is one of the major limiting factors in cereal production in cold high-altitude mountainous areas of iran where cereals are exposed to variable periods of temperatures in the vernalization range during the autumn season. cereals regulate their development through adaptive mechanisms that are responsive to low but nonfreezing temperatures. we exploited a proteomic approach to determine the interrelationship between vernalization fulfillment and expression of low-temper ...020804221
dtaf: an efficient probe to study cyanobacterial-plant interaction using confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm).a variety of microscopic techniques have been utilized to study cyanobacterial associations with plant roots, but confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm) is the least used due to the unavailability of a suitable fluorescent dye. commonly used lectins have problems with their binding ability with root cells and their visualization under clsm. dtaf (5-(4,6-dichlorotriazinyl) aminofluorescein) is a fluorescent dye that has been widely used for staining various biological samples for fluorescent m ...201120803245
activation of the plant mitochondrial potassium channel by free fatty acids and acyl-coa esters: a possible defence mechanism in the response to hyperosmotic stress.the effect of free fatty acids (ffas) and acyl-coa esters on k(+) uptake was studied in mitochondria isolated from durum wheat (triticum durum desf.), a species that has adapted well to the semi-arid mediterranean area and possessing a highly active mitochondrial atp-sensitive k(+) channel (pmitok(atp)), that may confer resistance to environmental stresses. this was made by swelling experiments in kcl solution under experimental conditions in which pmitok(atp) activity was monitored. linoleate a ...201120801915
[intergenomic chromosome substitutions in wheat interspecific hybrids and their use in the development of a genetic nomenclature of triticum timopheevii chromosomes].the results of analysis of the genome formation in interspecific hybrids of triticum aestivum with t. timopheevii are reviewed. the spectra of substitutions and rearrangements are shown to depend on the genotypes of the parental forms and on the direction of selection. the frequencies of substitutions of individual t. timopheevii chromosomes significantly vary and reflect the level of their divergence relative to the common wheat chromosomes. some aspects of classification of the a(t)- and g-gen ...201020795491
[analysis of storage proteins (prolamines, puroindolines and waxy) in common wheat lines triticum aestivum l. x (triticum timopheevii zhuk. x triticum tauschii) with complex resistance to fungal infections].storage proteins (prolamines, puroindolines, and waxy) were studied in common wheat introgression lines obtained with the use of the saratovskaya 29 (s29) cultivar line and synthetic hexaploid wheat (triticum timopheevii zhuk. x t. tauschii) (sintetik, sin.) and displaying complex resistance to fungal infections. comparative analysis of storage proteins in the introgression lines of common wheat triticum aestivum l. and in the parental forms revealed the only line (bc5) having a substitution at ...201020734767
interactive effect of calcium and gibberellin on nickel tolerance in relation to antioxidant systems in triticum aestivum l.nickel toxicity affects many metabolic facets of plants and induces anatomical and morphological changes resulting in reduced growth and productivity. to overcome the damaging effects of nickel (ni) stress, different strategies of the application of nutrients with plant hormones are being adopted. the present experiment was carried out to assess the growth and physiological response of wheat plant (triticum aestivum l.) cv. samma to pre-sowing seed treatment with ga(3) alone as well as in combin ...201120730631
characterization of photosystem ii heterogeneity in response to high salt stress in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum).the effect of high salt stress on ps ii heterogeneity was investigated in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves. on the basis of antenna size, ps ii has been classified into three forms, i.e., α, β, and γ centers while on the basis of electron transport properties of the reducing side of the reaction centers, two distinct forms of ps ii have been suggested, i.e., q(b) reducing centers and q(b) non-reducing centers. the chlorophyll a (chl a) fluorescence transients, which can quantify ps ii behavior, ...201020730564
the ectopic expression of the wheat puroindoline genes increase germ size and seed oil content in transgenic corn.plant oil content and composition improvement is a major goal of plant breeding and biotechnology. the puroindoline a and b (pina and pinb) proteins together control whether wheat seeds are soft or hard textured and share a similar structure to that of plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins. here we transformed corn (zea mays l.) with the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) puroindoline genes (pina and pinb) to assess their effects upon seed oil content and quality. pina and pinb coding sequences w ...201020725765
use of doubled haploid technology for development of stable drought tolerant bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) transgenics.anther culture-derived haploid embryos were used as explants for agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv cpan1676) using barley hva1 gene for drought tolerance. regenerated plantlets were checked for transgene integration in t₀ generation, and positive transgenic haploid plants were doubled by colchicine treatment. stable transgenic doubled haploid plants were obtained, and transgene expression was monitored till t₄ generation, and no transgene silen ...201120723133
no neocentric activity on aegilops markgrafii chromosome e.classical neocentromeres, proven mainly in poaceae species, cause meiotic drive in higher plants. here i present data indicating that the morphological stretching of a chromatin domain at the long arm of aegilops markgrafii chromosome e during meiosis is not due to a supposed neocentric activity. the stretching is visible at the alien univalent in metaphase i and anaphase i pollen mother cells of triticum aestivum--ae. markgrafii monosomic addition line e and at one univalent of the 49-chromosom ...201120720397
in situ disappearance of dry matter and fiber from fall-grown cereal-grain forages from the north-central united states.recent research has demonstrated that fall-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.), triticale (x triticosecale wittmack), and oat (avena sativa l.) forages contain limited lignin and exhibit relatively stable estimates of in vitro true dm disappearance, as well as tdn, across a wide fall-harvest window. these traits suggest that ruminal availability of forage fiber is extensive. our objectives were to evaluate this premise by assessing in situ dm and ndf disappearance for kaskaskia wheat, trical 2700 ...201020709871
abscisic acid and late embryogenesis abundant protein profile changes in winter wheat under progressive drought stress.three varieties (cv. pobeda, katya and sadovo) of winter wheat (triticum aestivum), differing in their agronomic characteristics, were analysed during progressive soil water stress and recovery at early vegetation stages. changes in abscisic acid content, sds-page and immunoblot profiles of proteins that remained soluble upon heating were monitored. initially higher aba content in control pobeda and katya corresponded to earlier expression of the studied late embryogenesis abundant (lea) protein ...201020701692
variation and transgression of aggressiveness among two gibberella zeae crosses developed from highly aggressive parental isolates.gibberella zeae (anamorph: fusarium graminearum) is the most common cause of fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. aggressiveness is the most important fungal trait affecting disease severity and stability of host resistance. objectives were to analyze in two field experiments (i) segregation for aggressiveness among 120 progenies from each of two crosses of highly aggressive parents and (ii) stability of fhb resistance of seven moderately to highly resistant winter ...201020701488
mass spectrometric analysis reveals remnants of host-pathogen molecular interactions at the starch granule surface in wheat endosperm.the starch granules of wheat seed are solar energy-driven deposits of fixed carbon and, as such, present themselves as targets of pathogen attack. the seed's array of antimicrobial proteins, peptides, and small molecules comprises a molecular defense against penetrating pathogens. in turn, pathogens exhibit an arsenal of enzymes to facilitate the degradation of the host's endosperm. in this context, the starch granule surface is a relatively unexplored domain in which unique molecular barriers m ...201020701481
combined meta-genomics analyses unravel candidate genes for the grain dietary fiber content in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).grain dietary fiber content in wheat not only affects its end use and technological properties including milling, baking and animal feed but is also of great importance for health benefits. in this study, integration of association genetics (seven detected loci on chromosomes 1b, 3a, 3d, 5b, 6b, 7a, 7b) and meta-qtl (three consensus qtl on chromosomes 1b, 3d and 6b) analyses allowed the identification of seven chromosomal regions underlying grain dietary fiber content in bread wheat. based eithe ...201120697765
analysis of ascorbate peroxidase genes expressed in resistant and susceptible wheat lines infected by the cereal cyst nematode, heterodera avenae.changes in ascorbate peroxidase (apx) enzyme activity in response to nematode (heterodera avenae) attack were studied in roots of three hexaploid wheat lines carrying cre2, cre5, or cre7 nematode resistance genes and the susceptible triticum aestivum cv. anza. a spectrophotometric analysis was carried out with root extracts of infected plants 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after nematode inoculation using uninfected plant as control. apx induction in infected resistant genotypes was similar and higher th ...201020690022
the complex interactions between host immunity and non-biotrophic fungal pathogens of wheat leaves.significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms used by plants to recognize pathogens and activate "immune" responses. a "first line" of defense can be triggered through recognition of conserved pathogen or microbe associated molecular patterns (pamps or mamps), resulting in activation of basal (or non-host) plant defenses, referred to as pamp-triggered immunity (pti). disease resistance responses can also subsequently be triggered via gene-for-gene type interactions between pat ...201120688416
genetic and comparative genomics mapping reveals that a powdery mildew resistance gene ml3d232 originating from wild emmer co-segregates with an nbs-lrr analog in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide and breeding for resistance using diversified disease resistance genes is the most promising approach to prevent outbreaks of powdery mildew. a powdery mildew resistance gene, originating from wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) accessions collected from israel, has been transferred into the hexaploid wheat line 3d232 through crossing and backcrossing. inoculation res ...201020686747
septum formation in amyloplasts produces compound granules in the rice endosperm and is regulated by plastid division proteins.storage tissues such as seed endosperm and tubers store starch in the form of granules in the amyloplast. in the rice (oryza sativa) endosperm, each amyloplast produces compound granules consisting of several dozen polyhedral, sharp-edged and easily separable granules; whereas in other cereals, including wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare) and maize (zea mays), each amyloplast synthesizes one granule. despite extensive studies on mutants of starch synthesis in cereals, the molecu ...020685968
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus enhances p acquisition of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in a sandy loam soil with long-term inorganic fertilization regime.the p efficiency, crop yield, and response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) glomus caledonium were tested in an experimental field with long-term (19 years) fertilizer management. the experiment included five fertilizer treatments: organic amendment (oa), half organic amendment plus half mineral fertilizer (1/2 om), mineral fertilizer npk, mineral fertilizer nk, and the control (without fertilization). amf inoculation responsiveness (mir) of wheat plants at acquiring p were estima ...201020683717
a robust molecular marker for the detection of shortened introgressed segment carrying the stem rust resistance gene sr22 in common wheat.stem rust resistance gene sr22 transferred to common wheat from triticum boeoticum and t. monococcum remains effective against commercially prevalent pathotypes of puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, including ug99 and its derivatives. sr22 was previously located on the long arm of chromosome 7a. several backcross derivatives (hexaploid) possessing variable sized sr22-carrying segments were used in this study to identify a closely linked dna marker. expressed sequenced tags belonging to the deleti ...201120680609
interplay between wheat cultivars, biocontrol pseudomonads, and soil.there is a significant potential to improve the plant-beneficial effects of root-colonizing pseudomonads by breeding wheat genotypes with a greater capacity to sustain interactions with these bacteria. however, the interaction between pseudomonads and crop plants at the cultivar level, as well as the conditions which favor the accumulation of beneficial microorganisms in the wheat rhizosphere, is largely unknown. therefore, we characterized the three swiss winter wheat (triticum aestivum) cultiv ...201020675454
acclimation to frost alters proteolytic response of wheat seedlings to drought.a comparative examination of cysteine proteinases in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings differing in sensitivity to frost and drought revealed many similarities and differences in response to water deprivation. azocaseinolytic activity was enhanced under water deficiency, but the enhancement was significantly lower in the tolerant genotype (kobra cultivar). on the contrary, acclimation of wheat seedlings at low temperature had no effect on the proteolytic activity of the tolerant cult ...201020674076
transcriptional-metabolic networks in beta-carotene-enriched potato tubers: the long and winding road to the golden phenotype.vitamin a deficiency is a public health problem in a large number of countries. biofortification of major staple crops (wheat [triticum aestivum], rice [oryza sativa], maize [zea mays], and potato [solanum tuberosum]) with β-carotene has the potential to alleviate this nutritional problem. previously, we engineered transgenic "golden" potato tubers overexpressing three bacterial genes for β-carotene synthesis (crtb, crti, and crty, encoding phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, and lycopene β- ...201020671108
structure-function relationships of wheat flavone o-methyltransferase: homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) o-methyltransferase (taomt2) catalyzes the sequential methylation of the flavone, tricetin, to its 3'-methyl- (selgin), 3',5'-dimethyl- (tricin) and 3',4',5'-trimethyl ether derivatives. tricin, a potential multifunctional nutraceutical, is the major enzyme reaction product. these successive methylations raised the question as to whether they take place in one, or different active sites. we constructed a 3-d model of this protein using the crystal structure of the hi ...201020670441
an extracellular hydrophilic carboxy-terminal domain regulates the activity of taalmt1, the aluminum-activated malate transport protein of wheat.al³+ -resistant cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) release malate through the al³+ -activated anion transport protein triticum aestivum aluminum-activated malate transporter 1 (taalmt1). expression of taalmt1 in xenopus oocytes and tobacco suspension cells enhances the basal transport activity (inward and outward currents present in the absence of external al³+, and generates the same al³+ -activated currents (reflecting the al³+-dependent transport function) as observed in wheat cells. w ...201020663086
efficient industrial dye decolorization by bacillus sp. vus with its enzyme system.this work presents role of different enzymes in decolorization of industrial dye orange t4ll by bacillus sp. vus. bacillus sp. strain vus decolorized dye orange t4ll, under static anoxic condition in 24 h. during decolorization of orange t4ll a significant induction in the activities of lignin peroxidase, tyrosinase, and reductases (nadh-dcip, azo, and riboflavin) was observed. the biodegradation was monitored by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high ...201020655588
biochemical changes associated with in vivo rbcl fragmentation by reactive oxygen species under chilling-light conditions.during physiological stress, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) degradation is accelerated, which is considered to be one of the key factors responsible for photosynthetic decline. a recent study has shown that the large subunit (rbcl) of rubisco is directly fragmented by hydroxyl radicals in cucumis sativus leaves under chilling-light conditions. in the present study, we investigated biochemical aspects associated with this in vivo rbcl fragmentation by reactive oxygen sp ...201020653886
inhibition of the cellular metabolism of caco-2 cells by prolamin peptides from cereals toxic for coeliacs.peptic-tryptic (pt) digests of prolamins derived from several cereals were tested on differentiated caco-2 cells to study the effect on cellular metabolism, particularly on dna, rna, protein and glycoprotein synthesis. cell viability was evaluated after treatment with the same cereals. whereas pt digests from bovine serum albumin and both durum wheat types (diploid and tetraploid) did not exert any effect, bread wheat, oats, barley and rye exerted an inhibitory effect close to 80% for dna and rn ...199620650234
cytotoxic effect of prolamin-derived peptides on in vitro cultures of cell line caco-2: implications for coeliac disease.the cytotoxic effects of various prolamin-derived peptides on caco-2 cells were investigated by measuring the alterations of several parameters at different stages of cell differentiation. the pt digest of bread wheat was active in inhibiting cell proliferation (by about 50%), whereas the other digests from durum wheat, maize and bovine serum albumin (bsa) did not affect the proliferating activity of cells. compared with the control, colony-forming ability was inhibited by 20% by treatment with ...199520650086
tachp: a wheat zinc finger protein gene down-regulated by abscisic acid and salinity stress plays a positive role in stress tolerance.the plant response to abiotic stresses involves both abscisic acid (aba)-dependent and aba-independent signaling pathways. here we describe tachp, a chp-rich (for cysteine, histidine, and proline rich) zinc finger protein family gene extracted from bread wheat (triticum aestivum), is differentially expressed during abiotic stress between the salinity-sensitive cultivar jinan 177 and its tolerant somatic hybrid introgression cultivar shanrong no.3. tachp expressed in the roots of seedlings at the ...201020639406
application of sequence-independent amplification (sia) for the identification of rna viruses in bioenergy crops.miscanthus x giganteus, energycane, and panicum virgatum (switchgrass) are three potential biomass crops being evaluated for commercial cellulosic ethanol production. viral diseases are potentially significant threats to these crops. therefore, identification of viruses infecting these bioenergy crops is important for quarantine purposes, virus resistance breeding, and production of virus-free planting materials. the application is described of sequence-independent amplification, for the identif ...201020638415
transgene x environment interactions in genetically modified wheat.the introduction of transgenes into plants may cause unintended phenotypic effects which could have an impact on the plant itself and the environment. little is published in the scientific literature about the interrelation of environmental factors and possible unintended effects in genetically modified (gm) plants.201020635001
binding of sterols affects membrane functioning and sphingolipid composition in wheat roots.the present work was devoted to the exploration of the role of sterols in the functioning of membranes in root cells. membrane characteristics and composition of the membrane lipids in the roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings treated with exogenous cholesterol and antibiotic nystatin, which specifically binds with endogenous sterols, were analyzed. cholesterol caused a fall of membrane potential, acidification of the incubation medium, decrease in potassium leakage of roots, and incre ...201020632933
a glucurono(arabino)xylan synthase complex from wheat contains members of the gt43, gt47, and gt75 families and functions cooperatively.glucuronoarabinoxylans (gaxs) are the major hemicelluloses in grass cell walls, but the proteins that synthesize them have previously been uncharacterized. the biosynthesis of gaxs would require at least three glycosyltransferases (gts): xylosyltransferase (xylt), arabinosyltransferase (arat), and glucuronosyltransferase (glcat). a combination of proteomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed three wheat (triticum aestivum) glycosyltransferase (tagt) proteins from the gt43, gt47, and gt75 fami ...201020631319
multifunctionalised benzoxazinones in the systems oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli and triticum aestivum-avena fatua as natural-product-based herbicide leads.fifteen novel derivatives of d-diboa, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions c-2 and n-4, had previously been synthesised and their phytotoxicity on standard target species (sts) evaluated. this strategy combined steric, electronic, solubility and lipophilicity requirements to achieve the maximum phytotoxic activity. an evaluation of the bioactivity of these compounds on the systems oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli and triticum aestivum-avena fatua ...201020628996
genetic analysis of tolerance to photo-oxidative stress induced by high light in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).high light induced photooxidation (hlip) usually leads to leaf premature senescence and causes great yield loss in winter wheat. in order to explore the genetic control of wheat tolerance to hlip stress, a quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis was conducted on a set of doubled haploid population, derived from two winter wheat cultivars. actual values of chlorophyll content (chl), minimum fluorescence level (fo), maximum fluorescence level (fm), and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem ...201020621022
the structural and photosynthetic characteristics of the exposed peduncle of wheat (triticum aestivum l.): an important photosynthate source for grain-filling.in wheat (triticum aestivum l), the flag leaf has been thought of as the main source of assimilates for grain growth, whereas the peduncle has commonly been thought of as a transporting organ. the photosynthetic characteristics of the exposed peduncle have therefore been neglected. in this study, we investigated the anatomical traits of the exposed peduncle during wheat grain ontogenesis, and we compared the exposed peduncle to the flag leaf with respect to chloroplast ultrastructure, photosyste ...201020618993
biochemical methane potential of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.): influence of growth stage and storage practice.the effect of growth stage at harvest and of storage practice on the biochemical methane potential (bmp) of winter wheat was investigated using batch-fed stirred mesophilic digesters. the wheat used was a single variety sown at the same time (autumn) and harvested at 3 different stages in its growth: medium milk (a), soft dough (b) and caryopsis (c). wheats (a and b) were ensiled whilst the later harvested material (c) with a higher dry matter content was treated by the alkalage process. the bmp ...201020598879
the signal effect of nitrate supply enhances active forms of cytokinins and indole acetic content and reduces abscisic acid in wheat plants grown with ammonium.ammonium can result in toxicity symptoms in many plants when supplied as a sole nitrogen source. nitrate reduces the negative effects caused by ammonium and promotes plant growth. in order to explore the mechanism responsible of this beneficial effect, we investigated whether nitrate application causes significant changes in the indoleacetic acid (iaa)- and cytokinin-plant distribution and abscisic acid (aba) accumulation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants grown with ammonium. two different ...201020598773
quality differences between nils of wheat variety long 97-586 possessing hmw-gs 7+8 and 7.the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) 7+8 were introduced into the long 97-586 (1, 7, 2+12) wheat variety (triticum aestivum) by 5 consecutive backcrosses with biochemical marker-assisted selection. nearly isogenic lines (nils) of hmw-gs 7 and 7+8 were obtained, and the nils were planted in the experimental field at the crop breeding institute of heilongjiang academy of agricultural science in 2004-2006. the field experiments were designed using the two-column contrast arrangement ...201020596839
hypersensitive response-like reaction is associated with hybrid necrosis in interspecific crosses between tetraploid wheat and aegilops tauschii coss.hybrid speciation is classified into homoploid and polyploid based on ploidy level. common wheat is an allohexaploid species that originated from a naturally occurring interploidy cross between tetraploid wheat and diploid wild wheat aegilops tauschii coss. aegilops tauschii provides wide naturally occurring genetic variation. sometimes its triploid hybrids with tetraploid wheat show the following four types of hybrid growth abnormalities: types ii and iii hybrid necrosis, hybrid chlorosis, and ...201020593003
delineating the structural, functional and evolutionary relationships of sucrose phosphate synthase gene family ii in wheat and related grasses.sucrose phosphate synthase (sps) is an important component of the plant sucrose biosynthesis pathway. in the monocotyledonous poaceae, five sps genes have been identified. here we present a detailed analysis of the wheat spsii family in wheat. a set of homoeologue-specific primers was developed in order to permit both the detection of sequence variation, and the dissection of the individual contribution of each homoeologue to the global expression of spsii.201020591144
genome-wide gene expression changes in genetically stable synthetic and natural wheat allohexaploids.*the present study aims to understand regulation of gene expression in synthetic and natural wheat (triticum aestivum) allohexaploids, that combines the ab genome of triticum turgidum and the d genome of aegilops tauschii; and which we have recently characterized as genetically stable. *we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of gene expression that allowed characterization of the effect of variability of the d genome progenitor, the intergenerational stability as well as the compariso ...201020591055
coronatine alleviates water deficiency stress on winter wheat seedlings.with the aim to determine whether coronatine (cor) alleviates drought stress on wheat, two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, changwu134 (drought-tolerant) and shan253 (drought-sensitive) were studied under hydroponic conditions. seedlings at the three-leaf stage were cultured in a hoagland solution containing cor at 0.1 microm for 24 h, and then exposed to 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (peg-6000). under simulated drought (sd), cor increased the dry weight of shoots and roots of the t ...201020590992
identification and characterization of conserved micrornas and their target genes in wheat (triticum aestivum).micrornas (mirnas) are non-coding small rnas that regulate gene expression by translational repression or transcript degradation. a large number of mirnas have been identified from model plant species; however, the character of conserved mirnas is poorly understood. we studied 42 mirna families that are conserved within the plant kingdom, using the mirbase database. some conserved mirna families were found to be preferentially expressed in dicots relative to monocots, especially mir403, mir472 a ...201020589616
development of est-pcr markers for thinopyrum intermedium chromosome 2ai#2 and their application in characterization of novel wheat-grass recombinants.a series of expressed sequence tags-derived polymerase chain reaction (est-pcr) markers specific to chromosome 2ai#2 from thinopyrum intermedium were developed in this study using a new integrative approach. the target alien chromosome confers high resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv), which is a severe virus disease in wheat. to generate markers evenly distributed on 2ai#2, a total of 105 primer pairs were designed based on mapped ests from 8 bins of wheat chromosome 2b with intron-pr ...201020585749
detection of plant dna in the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.hospital-acquired infections such as nosocomial pneumonia are a serious cause of mortality for hospitalized patients, especially for those admitted to intensive care units (icus). despite the number of the studies reported to date, the causative agents of pneumonia are not completely known. herein, we found by molecular technique that vegetable and tobacco dna may be detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap).201020585574
[genetic control of gliadin components in wheat triticum spelta l].the componental composition of electrophoretic spectra of gliadin in triticum spelta l. was studied. by analogy with common wheat t. aestivum l., it was established that genes controlling gliadin components in spelt are also located in short arms of chromosomes of homeological groups 1 and 6. analysis of gliadin spectra in f2 grains from the crosses k-20539 x ershovskaya 32 and k-20558 x ershovskaya 32 revealed linkage of some components and their grouping into blocks (alleles) of coinherited gl ...201020583599
megabase level sequencing reveals contrasted organization and evolution patterns of the wheat gene and transposable element spaces.to improve our understanding of the organization and evolution of the wheat (triticum aestivum) genome, we sequenced and annotated 13-mb contigs (18.2 mb) originating from different regions of its largest chromosome, 3b (1 gb), and produced a 2x chromosome survey by shotgun illumina/solexa sequencing. all regions carried genes irrespective of their chromosomal location. however, gene distribution was not random, with 75% of them clustered into small islands containing three genes on average. a t ...020581307
comparison of low molecular weight glutenin subunits identified by sds-page, 2-de, maldi-tof-ms and pcr in common wheat.low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) play a crucial role in determining end-use quality of common wheat by influencing the viscoelastic properties of dough. four different methods - sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de, ief x sds-page), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr), were used to characterize the lmw-gs composition ...201020573275
diverse set of micrornas are responsive to powdery mildew infection and heat stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small non-coding regulatory rnas that regulate gene expression by guiding target mrna cleavage or translational inhibition. mirnas can have large-scale regulatory effects on development and stress response in plants.201020573268
histological and microarray analysis of the direct effect of water shortage alone or combined with heat on early grain development in wheat (triticum aestivum).based on the in silico analysis of the representation of expressed sequence tags (ests) in wheat grain-related cdna libraries, a specific 15k oligonucleotide microarray has been developed in order to monitor environmental stress-dependent gene expression changes in the wheat caryopses. using this array, the effect of water withdrawal, with and without additional heat stress, has been investigated during the first five days of kernel development on two wheat cultivars differing in their drought s ...201020573045
mycosphaerella graminicola: latent infection, crop devastation and genomics.summary mycosphaerella graminicola is an important pathogen of wheat, causing septoria leaf blotch disease. this review summarizes the current knowledge on disease development and control of the fungus, and discusses how molecular tools and genomics are being employed to uncover the genetic basis of pathogenicity. taxonomy: mycosphaerella graminicola (fuckel) j. schröt. in cohn (anamorph: septoria tritici roberge in desmaz.). kingdom fungi, phylum ascomycota, class loculoascomycetes (filamentous ...200220569310
influence of commodity type, percentage of cracked kernels, and wheat class on population growth of stored-product psocids (psocoptera: liposcelidae).differences in stored-product psocid progeny production as a function of commodity type, percentage of cracked kernels, and wheat class were examined using laboratory bioassays. population growth of liposcelis bostrychophila badonnel, liposcelis decolor (pearman), liposcelis paeta pearman, and liposcelis entomophila (enderlein) (psocoptera: liposcelididae) was highest on sorghum sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, followed by wheat, triticum aestivum l., and rice, oryza sativa l., whereas progeny produ ...201020568647
mortality of four stored product pests in stored wheat when exposed to doses of three entomopathogenic nematodes.the insecticidal effect of heterorhabditis bacteriophora poinar (nematoda: heterorhabditidae), steinernema carpocapsae (weiser) (nematoda: steinernematidae), and steinernema feltiae (filipjev) (nematoda: steinernematidae) against mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella (zeller) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) (larvae), lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (coleoptera: bostrychidae) (adults), rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae) (adults), and confused flour beet ...201020568646
global phylogenetics of diuraphis noxia (hemiptera: aphididae), an invasive aphid species: evidence for multiple invasions into north america.the russian wheat aphid, diruaphis noxia (kudjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), is globally one of the most devastating pests of bread wheat, tritium aestivum l., durum wheat, triticum turgidum l., and barley, hordeum vulgare l. several sources of d. noxia resistance have been incorporated in commercial wheat and barley genotypes, but up to eight virulent biotypes, defined based on their ability to damage different wheat and barley genotypes, now occur across the western united states since the firs ...201020568643
variation of resistance in barley against biotypes 1 and 2 of the russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae).the russian wheat aphid, diruaphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), is globally one of the most devastating pests of bread wheat, tritium aestivum l.; durum wheat, triticum turgidum l.; and barley, hordeum vulgare l. host plant resistance is the foundation for cereal insect pest management programs, and several sources of d. noxia resistance have been incorporated in cultivars to manage d. noxia damage. the emergence of d. noxia north american biotype 2 (rwa2) in colorado has made all k ...201020568641
habitat affinity of resident natural enemies of the invasive aphis glycines (hemiptera: aphididae), on soybean, with comments on biological control.we integrated a natural enemy survey of the broader landscape into a more traditional survey for aphis glycines matsumura (hemiptera: aphididae), parasitoids and predatory flies on soybean using a. glycines-infested soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., placed in cropped and noncropped plant systems to complement visual field observations. across three sites and 5 yr, 18 parasitoids and predatory flies in total (hymenoptera: aphelinidae [two species] and bracondae [seven species], diptera: cecidomyii ...201020568602
[cloning and phylogenetic analysis of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes at glu-b3 locus in common wheat relative species].the common wheat relative species are important germplasm for wheat breeding. in the present study, novel allelic variants at glu-b3 locus were cloned to provide gene resources for wheat quality improvement. four glu-b3-locus specific primer sets lb1f/lb1r, lb2f/lb2r, lb3f/lb3r, and lb4f/lb4r were employed to isolate novel allelic variants of glub3-1, glub3-2, glub3-3, and glub3-4 from seven common wheat relative species, i.e., t. durum, t. dicoccum, t. dicoccoides, aegilops longissima, ae. sear ...201020566466
hfr-2, a wheat cytolytic toxin-like gene, is up-regulated by virulent hessian fly larval feedingdouble dagger.summary both yield and grain-quality are dramatically decreased when susceptible wheat (triticum aestivum) plants are infested by hessian fly (mayetiola destructor) larvae. examination of the changes in wheat gene expression during infestation by virulent hessian fly larvae has identified the up-regulation of a gene, hessian fly responsive-2 (hfr-2), which contains regions similar to genes encoding seed-specific agglutinin proteins from amaranthus. hfr-2, however, did not accumulate in developin ...200520565667
bioaccessible mineral content of malted finger millet (eleusine coracana), wheat (triticum aestivum), and barley (hordeum vulgare).malted grains are extensively used in weaning and geriatric foods. malting generally improves the nutrient content and digestibility of foods. the present investigation examined the influence of malting of finger millet, wheat, and barley on the bioaccessibility of iron, zinc, calcium, copper, and manganese. malting increased the bioaccessibility of iron by >3-fold from the two varieties of finger millet and by >2-fold from wheat, whereas such a beneficial influence was not seen in barley. the b ...201020560601
antioxidant response of wheat roots to drought acclimation.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings of a drought-resistant cv. c306 were subjected to severe water deficit directly or through stress cycles of increasing intensity with intermittent recovery periods. the antioxidant defense in terms of redox metabolites and enzymes in root cells and mitochondria was examined in relation to membrane damage. acclimated seedlings exhibited higher relative water content and were able to limit the accumulation of h(2)o(2) and membrane damage during subsequent sev ...201020559854
genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium studies on a 3.1-mb genomic region of chromosome 3b in european and asian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) populations.genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium (ld) were investigated in 376 asian and european accessions of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). after a first and rapid screening about diversity and genetic structure at the whole genome scale using 70 simple sequence repeats (ssrs), we focused on a sequenced contig (ctg954) of 3.1 mb located on the short arm of chromosome 3b of cv. chinese spring, using 32 ssrs and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms. this contig is part of a multiple fungal resis ...201020559816
molecular characterization of the celiac disease epitope domains in α-gliadin genes in aegilops tauschii and hexaploid wheats (triticum aestivum l.).nineteen novel full-orf α-gliadin genes and 32 pseudogenes containing at least one stop codon were cloned and sequenced from three aegilops tauschii accessions (t15, t43 and t26) and two bread wheat cultivars (gaocheng 8901 and zhongyou 9507). analysis of three typical α-gliadin genes (gli-at4, gli-g1 and gli-z4) revealed some indels and a considerable number of snps among them. most of the pseudogenes were resulted from c to t change, leading to the generation of tag or taa in-frame stop codon. ...201020556595
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