Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin induces a rapid change of cell membrane permeability to ions and forms channels in artificial lipid bilayers. | epsilon toxin is a potent toxin produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d, which are responsible for a rapidly fatal enterotoxemia in animals. one of the main properties of epsilon toxin is the production of edema. we have previously found that epsilon toxin causes a rapid swelling of madin-darby canine kidney cells and that the toxin does not enter the cytosol and remains associated with the cell membrane by forming a large complex (petit, l., gibert, m., gillet, d., laurent-winter, c., ... | 2001 | 11278669 |
| a dominant negative mutant of bacillus anthracis protective antigen inhibits anthrax toxin action in vivo. | pa63, a proteolytically activated 63-kda form of anthrax protective antigen (pa), forms heptameric oligomers and has the ability to bind and translocate the catalytic moieties, lethal factor (lf), and edema factor (ef) into the cytosol of mammalian cells. acidic ph triggers oligomerization and membrane insertion by pa63. a disordered amphipathic loop in domain ii of pa (2beta2-2beta3 loop) is involved in membrane insertion by pa63. because conditions required for membrane insertion coincide with ... | 2001 | 11278644 |
| long-term hepatitis c seroconversion in a blood donor. | 2001 | 11274603 | |
| a second example of a transfusion-associated septic reaction associated with clostridium perfringens. | 2001 | 11274602 | |
| [molecular mechanism of membrane pore formation with cholesterol binding cytolysin: streptolysin o and perfringolysin o]. | 2001 | 11268657 | |
| in vitro activity of telithromycin (hmr 3647) against 502 strains of anaerobic bacteria. | in a previous study, we compared hmr 3004 with azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin and roxithromycin against 502 anaerobic bacteria using nccls-approved procedures. this report extends this study by reporting the activity of telithromycin (hmr 3647) against these strains. telithromycin inhibited 10% of bacteroides fragilis, 50% of other b. fragilis group organisms and 93% of other bacteroides spp. telithromycin inhibited all porphyromonas spp. and 98% of prevotella spp. activity against b ... | 2001 | 11266423 |
| partial characterization of polyfermenticin scd, a newly identified bacteriocin of bacillus polyfermenticus. | to characterize polyfermenticin scd, a newly identified bacteriocin of bacillus polyfermenticus scd. | 2001 | 11264742 |
| influence of butyric and lactic acids on the beta-glucuronidase activity of clostridium perfringens. | the beta-glucuronidase activity of intact cells of clostridium perfringens was not influenced by the presence of either 0.09 or 0.19% lactic or butyric acids. in contrast, the enhanced enzyme activity of intact cells due to sodium deoxycholate was significantly decreased by the presence of these acids. these results suggest the possibility that the development of cancer due to the intake of a high fat diet may be inhibited by the presence of organic acids produced by intestinal bacteria. | 2001 | 11264737 |
| necrotizing soft tissue infections: a surgical disease. | despite advances in antibiotics and infection control practices necrotizing fasciitis is still a potentially lethal disease. we reviewed 37 patients with necrotizing fasciitis to identify prognostic factors indicating outcome. overall mortality was 24 per cent. mortality was significantly increased for elderly patients. solid-organ transplant recipients also represented a subset of patients with increased mortality. most infections were polymicrobial. there was no clostridium perfringens culture ... | 2000 | 11261626 |
| bactericidal activities of milk lipids. | the bactericidal capacity of digestion products of bovine milk triglycerides and membrane lipids was tested in vitro using escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, and clostridium perfringens. c10:0 and c12:0 fatty acids and digestion products of sphingolipids appeared to be effective bactericidal agents, whereas digestion products of phosphoglycerides were moderately bactericidal. thus, milk fat sphingolipids and triglycerides, particularly ... | 2001 | 11257052 |
| [study of antigenic groups among the different types of clostridium perfringens]. | a comparative study of somatic antigens of different types of clostridium perfringens with indirect immunofluorescence method was undertaking with 20 locals and foreigner strains in order to choose the valences that are better adapted to compose the enterotoxémia vaccine. this study has shown a complete somatic antigens homology with a, b types and partial between d type and a, b types, moreover a complete heterology between c and d types. | 1998 | 11256321 |
| clostridium perfringens iota-toxin: mapping of receptor binding and ia docking domains on ib. | clostridium perfringens iota-toxin is a binary toxin consisting of iota a (ia), an adp-ribosyltransferase that modifies actin, and iota b (ib), which binds to a cell surface protein and translocates ia into a target cell. fusion proteins of recombinant ib and truncated variants were tested for binding to vero cells and docking with ia via fluorescence-activated cytometry and cytotoxicity experiments. c-terminal residues (656 to 665) of ib were critical for cell surface binding, and truncated ib ... | 2001 | 11254604 |
| investigation on the nutritive value and microbiological quality of wild quail carcasses. | quail meats have many advantages and superiority one the other species of poultry. this study was planned to throw plenty of light on gross chemical composition, lipid fractions, fatty acids composition, amino acids composition, of thigh and breast of male and female wild quail meat as well as the microbiological quality. the mean values of moisture, protein, fat, ash and energy contents ranged from 60.1 to 69.2%, 55.0 to 68.8%, 28.8 to 42.1%, 2.40 to 3.63% and 696 to 1000 kj, respectively. seve ... | 2001 | 11253642 |
| improved agar diffusion method for detecting residual antimicrobial agents. | the improved agar diffusion method for determination of residual antimicrobial agents was investigated, and the sensitivities of various combinations of test organisms and assay media were determined using 7 organisms, 5 media, and 31 antimicrobial agents. bacillus stearothermophilus and synthetic assay medium (sam) showed the greatest sensitivity for screening penicillins (penicillin g and ampicillin). the combination of bacillus subtilis and minimum medium (mm) was the most sensitive for tetra ... | 2001 | 11252480 |
| [development of in vitro methods for the potency testing of clostridial vaccines]. | cell culture assays, using the mdck cell line was confirmed as being sensitive to the c. perfringens epsilon toxin and vero cell line to the c. novyi type b alpha toxin. cell culture assays using these cells were developed and the test conditions were standardised. the antitoxin titres of rabbit antisera were calculated and compared with those of the manufacturers. the correlation coefficients between in vitro and in vivo method were calculated and were significant. the cell culture assay offers ... | 2001 | 11248848 |
| weaning of piglets. effects of an exposure to a pathogenic strain of escherichia coli. | the influence of weaning on day 32 and a simultaneous challenge with a pathogenic strain of escherichia coli was studied in eight piglets. another nine weaned but non-infected piglets were used as controls. the distribution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) into subpopulations, as well as their response when stimulated in vitro by pokeweed mitogen, changed in a similar manner during post-weaning in both groups. in contrast, superior responses were recorded for pbmc collected from the ... | 2000 | 11244867 |
| genotyping of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens fecal isolates associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea and food poisoning in north america. | clostridium perfringens type a isolates producing enterotoxin (cpe) are an important cause of food poisoning and non-food-borne human gastrointestinal (gi) diseases, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad). recent studies suggest that c. perfringens type a food poisoning is caused by c. perfringens isolates carrying a chromosomal cpe gene, while cpe-associated non-food-borne gi diseases, such as aad, are caused by plasmid cpe isolates. those putative relationships, obtained predominantly ... | 2001 | 11230399 |
| endangered species. cloned gaur a short-lived success. | 2001 | 11228123 | |
| in vitro fermentation characteristics of native and processed cereal grains and potato starch using ileal chyme from dogs. | two in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of small intestinal bacteria of dogs to ferment native and extruded cereal grains and potato starch and cereal grain and potato flours. substrates included barley, corn, potato, rice, sorghum, and wheat. in addition to testing native grains and flours, extruded substrates also were tested. substrates were extruded at low temperatures (lt; 79 to 93 degrees c) and high temperatures (ht; 124 to 140 degrees c) using a wenger extruder (m ... | 2001 | 11219453 |
| clostridial enterocolitis. | equine clostridial enterocolitis is being recognized with increasing frequency. it has been identified in foals with diarrhea, antibiotic-associated enterocolitis, or nosocomial enterocolitis. the sporadic occurrence of clostridial enterocolitis, the variety of types of clostridia involved, and the difficulty of experimentally reproducing the disease suggest that it is a poorly defined multifactorial syndrome. the risk factors associated with susceptibility to colonization and progressive infect ... | 2000 | 11219344 |
| spread of antibiotic resistance with food-borne pathogens. | this short review summarizes data on antibiotic resistance profiles of common food-borne pathogens like salmonella sp., escherichia coli, campylobacter sp., listeria monocytogenes, clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. as a flashlight on the literature of the last few years, it provides ample evidence that antibiotic resistance traits have entered the microflora of farm animals and the food produced from them. molecular analysis of the resistance g ... | 1999 | 11212335 |
| the anaerobic pathogen clostridium perfringens can escape the phagosome of macrophages under aerobic conditions. | clostridium perfringens is the most common cause of gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis), a disease that begins when ischaemic tissues become contaminated with c. perfringens vegetative cells or spores. an aerotolerant anaerobe, c. perfringens quickly multiplies in ischaemic tissues and spreads to healthy areas, leading to a high level of morbidity and mortality. as a species, the bacterium can synthesize 13 different toxins, and these are thought to be the major virulence factors of the disea ... | 2000 | 11207604 |
| translocation of bacillus anthracis lethal and oedema factors across endosome membranes. | the two exotoxins of bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, are the oedema toxin (pa-ef) and the lethal toxin (pa-lf). they exert their catalytic activities within the cytosol. the internalization process requires receptor-mediated endocytosis and passage through acidic vesicles. we investigated the translocation of ef and lf enzymatic moieties across the target cell membrane. by selective permeabilization of the plasma membrane with clostridium perfringens delta-toxin, we observed ... | 2000 | 11207582 |
| hydrolase and sialyltransferase activities of trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase towards neuac-alpha-2,3-gal-gal-beta-o-pnp. | neuac-alpha-2,3-gal-beta-o-pnp has been synthesised and its ability to act as a substrate for the hydrolase and transferase activities of trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase have been investigated. the turn-over of this compound shows marked differences from the behaviour of neuac-mu. in addition, distinct differences in the action of t. cruzi trans-sialidase and clostridium perfringens neuraminidase on neuac-alpha-2,3-gal-beta-o-pnp were apparent. | 2001 | 11206445 |
| the effect of calcium and sodium lactates on growth from spores of bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens in a 'sous-vide' beef goulash under temperature abuse. | the effect of calcium and sodium lactates on growth from spores of bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens at three different concentrations (0, 1.5 and 3% w/w) and at different temperatures (10, 15 and 20 degrees c for b. cereus and 15, 20 and 25 degrees c for c. perfringens) was investigated, using beef goulash as a model system for pasteurised vacuum-packaged convenience foods. calcium lactate at a level of 3% reduced the ph values of the samples from 6.0 to 5.5. no b. cereus growth was o ... | 2001 | 11205943 |
| molecular epidemiology survey of toxinogenic clostridium perfringens strain types by multiplex pcr. | toxin genotypes of 95 c. perfringens strains collected within a 45-year period were analysed by a multiplex pcr. a set of primers designed for 4 different genes encoding the alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota toxins was used in a single reaction with a sensitivity of gene detection of 200 fg for dna extracted from pure culture. most of the strains (97%) conformed to the a biotype, and the remaining to the c or e biotypes. for biotype determination, seroneutralization of lethality in mice was perform ... | 2000 | 11200374 |
| the structure and function of claudins, cell adhesion molecules at tight junctions. | tight junctions (tjs) play a pivotal role in compartmentalization in multicellular organisms by sealing the paracellular pathway in epithelial and endothelial cell sheets. recently, novel integral membrane proteins, claudins, have been identified as major cell adhesion molecules working at tjs. claudins comprise a multigene family, and each member of approximately 23 kda bears four transmembrane domains. to date, 15 members of this gene family have been identified. when expression vectors of eac ... | 2000 | 11193568 |
| purification and characterization of alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase from clostridium perfringens. | alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase from clostridium perfringens is an exoglycosidase that degrades the human blood type a epitope. a highly purified preparation of alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase was obtained from c. perfringens by salt precipitation, gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing, and high-pressure liquid chromatography. the final preparation was homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with a molecular mass of 72.1 kda. the enzyme w ... | 2000 | 11185964 |
| microbiology. listeria enlists host in its attack. | 2000 | 11184728 | |
| [an in vitro alternative to the mouse neutralisation assay for potency testing of betatoxoid containing clostridium, perfringens type b and type c vaccines for veterinary use] | the quality control of clostridium (c.) perfringens type b and type c vaccines requires animal experiments according to european pharmacopoiea monograph 363. for potency estimation, the vaccine is first administered to rabbits. in a second step antibodies from these rabbits against c. perfringens betatoxin are measured quantitatively in a mouse neutralisation assay using lethal doses of betatoxin for the challenge. we report about the development of an in vitro assay enabling specific and reprod ... | 1996 | 11178445 |
| anti-anaerobic activity of antibacterial agents. | the first very effective bactericidal anti-anaerobic drug was metronidazole, introduced in clinical practice in the early 1980s. sometimes penicillin g and chloramphenicol were used successfully in some anaerobic infections. however, this result was most likely due to gram-positive anaerobic infections (e.g., clostridium perfringens). very rapidly, the anti-anaerobic armamentarium was extended with clindamycin, cefoxitin, imipenem and co-amoxyclav or piperacillin-tazobactam. the resistance rate ... | 2001 | 11178339 |
| calibration of the disk diffusion test for trovafloxacin susceptibility testing of four anaerobic species. | to study trovafloxacin susceptibility among clinical isolates of four anaerobic bacterial species using minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) determinations, e test assays and disk diffusion test results and to calibrate the disk diffusion method for these species using single strain regression analysis (sra). | 2000 | 11168107 |
| a unique sialidase that cleaves the neu5gcalpha2-->5-o(glycolyl)neu5gc linkage: comparison of its specificity with that of three microbial sialidases toward four sialic acid dimers. | we found that the hepatopancreas of oyster, crassostrea virginica, contained a sialidase capable of releasing neu5gc from the novel polysialic acid chain (-->5-o(glycolyl)neu5gcalpha2-->)n more efficiently than from the conventional type of polysialic acid chains, (-->8neu5acalpha2-->)n, or (-->8neu5gcalpha2-->)n. we have partially purified this novel sialidase and compared its reactivity with that of microbial sialidases using four different sialic acid dimers, neu5gcalpha2-->5-o(glycolyl)neu5g ... | 2001 | 11162485 |
| diacylglycerol generated in cho cell plasma membrane by phospholipase c is used for triacylglycerol synthesis. | the diacylglycerol (dag) signal generated from membrane phospholipids by hormone-activated phospholipases is attenuated by mechanisms that include lipolysis or phospholipid resynthesis. to determine whether the dag signal might also be terminated by incorporation of dag into triacylglycerol (tag), we studied the direct formation of tag from endogenous dag generated by bacterial phospholipase c (plc). when chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells prelabeled with [(14)c]oleate were treated with plc from ... | 2001 | 11160369 |
| evidence for extensive resistance gene transfer among bacteroides spp. and among bacteroides and other genera in the human colon. | transfer of antibiotic resistance genes by conjugation is thought to play an important role in the spread of resistance. yet virtually no information is available about the extent to which such horizontal transfers occur in natural settings. in this paper, we show that conjugal gene transfer has made a major contribution to increased antibiotic resistance in bacteroides species, a numerically predominant group of human colonic bacteria. over the past 3 decades, carriage of the tetracycline resis ... | 2001 | 11157217 |
| successful treatment of mediastinal gas gangrene due to esophageal perforation. | esophageal perforation and mediastinal gas gangrene developed in a 55-year-old male after the endoscopic ethanol injection of a mallory-weiss ulcer. initially, extensive gangrene of the esophagus and the mediastinum was treated by esophagectomy; however, an abundance of clostridium perfringens in the gram stain verified the presence of gas gangrene. subsequently, the patient was transferred to a hyperbaric oxygen center, wherein a total of seven hyperbaric treatments were administered. the patie ... | 2000 | 11156138 |
| the impact of various browse feeds with different tannin content on the fecal shedding of clostridium perfringens in west african dwarf sheep. | in 1994 and 1995 leaves from eight browse feeds, containing tannins in different amounts (bf), were fed to west african dwarf sheep in benin to evaluate their impact on clostridium perfringens in the intestinal tract. an inhibitory impact of various bf on the growth of c. perfringens was assessed in in-vitro assays before, and thus a potential use of these leaves as a preventive diet against c. perfringens enterotoxemia in small ruminants was assumed. surprisingly, an inhibitory impact of the bf ... | 2000 | 11153223 |
| identification of residues in the carboxy-terminal domain of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin (phospholipase c) which are required for its biological activities. | a panel of random mutants within the dna encoding the carboxy-terminal domain of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin was constructed. three mutants were identified which encoded alpha-toxin variants (lys330glu, asp305gly, and asp293ser) with reduced hemolytic activity. these variants also had diminished phospholipase c activity toward aggregated egg yolk phospholipid and reduced cytotoxic and myotoxic activities. asp305gly showed a significantly increased enzymatic activity toward the monodisper ... | 2000 | 11147832 |
| bacteria associated with processed crawfish and potential toxin production by clostridium botulinum type e in vacuum-packaged and aerobically packaged crawfish tails. | refrigerated vacuum-packaged storage has been shown to increase significantly the shelf life of fresh fish and seafood products, but the effect, if any, on the outgrowth and toxin production of clostridium botulinum type e on cooked crawfish is unknown. microflora associated with live crawfish reflect the microbial populations of the harvest water and sediments in which they are living. the presence or absence of specific pathogens in either vacuum-packaged or air-permeable bags of cooked crawfi ... | 2000 | 11131892 |
| dna-interactive anticancer aza-anthrapyrazoles: biophysical and biochemical studies relevant to the mechanism of action. | the physicochemical and dna-binding properties of anticancer 9-aza-anthrapyrazoles (9-aza-aps) were investigated and compared with the carbocyclic analogs losoxantrone (lx) and mitoxantrone (mx). unlike their carbocyclic counterparts, the tested 9-aza-aps do not undergo self-aggregation phenomena. the pyridine nitrogen at position 9, missing in the carbocyclic derivatives, is involved in protonation equilibria at physiological ph. in addition, 9-aza-aps are electrochemically reduced at a potenti ... | 2001 | 11125029 |
| comparative in vitro activities of abt-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria. | the activity of abt-773, a novel ketolide antibiotic, against clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria was determined and compared to the activities of other antimicrobial agents. mics at which 90% of isolates were inhibited (mic(90)s) were </=0.06 microg/ml for actinomyces spp., clostridium perfringens, peptostreptococcus spp., propionibacterium spp., and porphyromonas spp. the mic(50)s and mic(90)s were </=0.06 and >32 microg/ml, respectively, for eubacterium spp., lactobacillus spp., clostridi ... | 2001 | 11120995 |
| early attachment of anaerobic bacteria may play an important role in biliary stent blockage. | in vitro studies have demonstrated that ciprofloxacin suppresses escherichia coli attachment on stents, and ciprofloxacin has been shown to prolong stent patency in cats. however, clinical studies with antibiotic prophylaxis have produced conflicting results. the aim of this study was to isolate and identify the bacteria that attach early on unblocked stents removed from patients and to study their enzyme activities. | 2000 | 11115903 |
| chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialyl oligosaccharides with sialidases employing transglycosylation methodology. | a series of sialyloligosaccharides was synthesized using the transglycolytic activity of the sialidases from vibrio cholerae, clostridium perfringens, salmonella typhimurium, and newcastle disease virus. according to their hydrolytic activities the sialidases from v. cholerae and c. perfringens catalyze preferentially the formation of sialyl alpha(2-6)-linkages whereas the sialidases from s.typhimurium and newcastle disease virus show a distinct preference for alpha(2-3) directed sialylations. u ... | 2000 | 11112571 |
| the pathogenesis of clostridial myonecrosis. | these pieces of evidence can be assimilated into a molecular and cellular model of pathogenesis which is initiated by direct toxin effects upon venous capillary endothelial cell function, leading to expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules, and initiation of platelet aggregation. toxin-induced hyperadhesion of leukocytes (see above section) with enhanced respiratory burst activity (due to toxins directly or to toxin-induced il-8 or paf synthesis by host cells) and toxin-in ... | 2000 | 11111933 |
| structural basis of pore formation by cholesterol-binding toxins. | in this paper we describe reconstructions by electron cryo-microscopy of two oligomeric states of the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin. the results are interpreted by the fitting of atomic models of separated domains to the 3-dimensional electron density maps, revealing two steps in the mechanism of pore formation by the family of cholesterol-binding toxins. we briefly describe the observation of the toxin pore in model membranes and contrast the apparent mechanism of pneumolysin with that of othe ... | 2000 | 11111916 |
| opening of the active site of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin may be triggered by membrane binding. | on the basis of amino acid sequence homologies with other phospholipases c, the alpha-toxin of clostridium perfringens was predicted to be a two-domain protein. using truncated forms of alpha-toxin the phospholipase c active site was shown to be located in the amino-terminal domain. crystallographic studies have confirmed this organisation and have also revealed that the carboxy-terminal domain is structurally similar to the phospholipid-binding domains in eukaryotic proteins. this information h ... | 2000 | 11111911 |
| cholesterol-binding cytolytic protein toxins. | cholesterol-binding cytolysins (cbcs) are a large family of 50- to 60-kda single-chain proteins produced by 23 taxonomically different species of gram-positive bacteria from the genera streptococcus, bacillus, clostridium, listeria and arcanobacterium. apart pneumolysin, which is an intracytoplasmic toxin, all the other toxins are secreted in the extracellular medium. among the species producing cbcs, only l. monocytogenes and l. ivanovii are intracellular pathogens which grow and release their ... | 2000 | 11111910 |
| mechanism of membrane insertion of a multimeric beta-barrel protein: perfringolysin o creates a pore using ordered and coupled conformational changes. | perfringolysin o, a bacterial cytolytic toxin, forms unusually large pores in cholesterol-containing membranes by the spontaneous insertion of two of its four domains into the bilayer. by monitoring the kinetics of domain-specific conformational changes and pore formation using fluorescence spectroscopy, the temporal sequence of domain-membrane interactions has been established. one membrane-exposed domain does not penetrate deeply into the bilayer and is not part of the actual pore, but is resp ... | 2000 | 11106760 |
| arresting pore formation of a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin by disulfide trapping synchronizes the insertion of the transmembrane beta-sheet from a prepore intermediate. | perfringolysin o (pfo), a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family of pore-forming toxins, forms large oligomeric complexes comprising up to 50 monomers. in the present study, a disulfide bridge was introduced between cysteine-substituted serine 190 of transmembrane hairpin 1 (tmh1) and cysteine-substituted glycine 57 of domain 2 of pfo. the resulting disulfide-trapped mutant (pfo(c190-c57)) was devoid of hemolytic activity and could not insert either of its transmembrane beta-hairpi ... | 2001 | 11102453 |
| gene transfer to clostridium cellulolyticum atcc 35319. | although much is known about the bacterial cellulosome and its various protein components, their contributions to bacterial growth on cellulose and the process of cellulolysis in vivo cannot currently be assessed. to remedy this, the authors have developed gene transfer techniques for clostridium cellulolyticum atcc 35319. firstly, transfer of tn1545 has been obtained using an enterococcus faecalis donor. secondly, incp-mediated conjugative mobilization of plasmids from escherichia coli donors h ... | 2000 | 11101665 |
| synthesis of 6-acetamido-5-amino- and -5-guanidino-3, 4-dehydro-n-(2-ethylbutyryl)- 3-piperidinecarboxylic acids related to zanamivir and oseltamivir, inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidases. | [reaction: see text] 6-acetamido-5-amino- and -5-guanidino-3, 4-dehydro-n-(2-ethylbutyryl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acids (8 and 9) have been synthesized starting from natural siastatin b, a bacterial neuraminidase inhibitor isolated from streptomyces culture in a stereospecific fashion. these compounds are related to zanamivir and oseltamivir, inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidases. | 2000 | 11101432 |
| microbiological hazard identification and exposure assessment of street food vending in johannesburg, south africa. | one hundred and thirty-two samples of beef, chicken, salad and gravy were collected from two street vendors over eleven replicate surveys to assess microbiological safety and quality. for each food type samples were collected during preparation and holding. dish water was also collected and food preparation surfaces swabbed during preparation and display. standard methods were used to determine aerobic plate counts, enterobacteriaceae counts, coliform counts and spore counts. six hundred and sev ... | 2000 | 11078164 |
| transposition of tn4451 and tn4453 involves a circular intermediate that forms a promoter for the large resolvase, tnpx. | tn4451 is the paradigm element of a family of mobilizable chloramphenicol resistance transposons from clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile. the unique feature of these 6.3 kb elements is that their excision to form a circular molecule is mediated by tnpx, a member of the large resolvase family of site-specific recombinases. by optimizing the transposition assay system in escherichia coli, we showed that tn4453a from c. difficile transposed at a higher frequency than the c. perfringe ... | 2000 | 11069682 |
| a new cytotoxin from bacillus cereus that may cause necrotic enteritis. | a cytotoxin (cytk) has been isolated from a bacillus cereus strain that caused a severe food poisoning outbreak killing three people. a protein of 34 kda was highly cytotoxic, and the addition of other secreted proteins gave no synergistic effect. cytk was also necrotic and haemolytic. no known b. cereus enterotoxins were produced by this strain. a dna sequence from 1.8 kb upstream to 0.2 kb downstream of the toxin gene was sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence of the toxin showed similarit ... | 2000 | 11069652 |
| a pest-like sequence in listeriolysin o essential for listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity. | establishment and maintenance of an intracellular niche are critical to the success of an intracellular pathogen. here, the pore-forming protein listeriolysin o (llo), secreted by listeria monocytogenes, was shown to contain a pest-like sequence (p, pro; e, glu; s, ser; t, thr) that is essential for the virulence and intracellular compartmentalization of this pathogen. mutants lacking the pest-like sequence entered the host cytosol but subsequently permeabilized and killed the host cell. llo lac ... | 2000 | 11062133 |
| effects of germinated barley foodstuff on microflora and short chain fatty acid production in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats. | germinated barley foodstuff (gbf) administration has been previously reported to suppress dextran sulfate sodium (dss)-induced experimental colitis. in this study, we investigated the roles of the intestinal microflora and short chain fatty acids (scfas) following administration of gbf in dss-induced rat colitis. sprague-dawley rats were fed 3% (w/w of diet) dss in gbf-diets for 5 days. the control rats were fed 3% dss in cellulose-diets for 5 days. the administration of gbf effectively prevente ... | 2000 | 11055379 |
| molecular analysis of tetracycline resistance in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars typhimurium, enteritidis, dublin, choleraesuis, hadar and saintpaul: construction and application of specific gene probes. | a total of 65 epidemiologically unrelated tetracycline-resistant isolates of the six salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (salm.) serovars dublin, choleraesuis, typhimurium, enteritidis, hadar and saintpaul were investigated for the presence of tetracycline resistance genes. for this, specific gene probes of the tetracycline resistance genes (tet) of the hybridization classes a, b, c, d, e and g were constructed by cloning pcr-amplified internal segments of the respective tet structural genes. th ... | 2000 | 11054167 |
| second-site suppressor mutations of inactivating substitutions at gly247 of the tetracycline efflux protein, tet(b). | an asp or asn substitution for gly247 in transmembrane helix 8 (tm-8) of tet(b), the tetracycline efflux protein, eliminated tetracycline resistance. second site suppressor mutations which partially restored resistance were located in tm-5, -8, -10, or -11 or in cytoplasmic loop 8-9 or loop 10-11. these results indicate physical proximity or functional relationships between tm-8 and these other regions of tet(b). | 2000 | 11053399 |
| [nutritional and microbiological profile of soybean sausages available in costa rica]. | the nutritional and microbiological quality of 80 soybean sausage samples (50% frankfurter and 50% sausage mortadela) was studied. on average, the protein content was 17.5 g/100 g in sausage mortadela and 20 g/100 g in frankfurter. the mean total fat content was 5.5 g/100 g for both products. however when products of different manufacture industries were compared, a highly significant difference (p = 0.0000) in the fatty acids speciation between both groups and between samples of the same produc ... | 2000 | 11048585 |
| importance of intestinal colonisation in the maturation of humoral immunity in early infancy: a prospective follow up study of healthy infants aged 0-6 months. | to evaluate the role of intestinal microflora and early formula feeding in the maturation of humoral immunity in healthy newborn infants. | 2000 | 11040166 |
| detection and characterization of clostridium species in soil of zambia. | in the retrospective study of soil-borne diseases of cattle in zambia, malignant edema and blackquarter were widespread. one hundred and sixty-five cases with malignant edema and 103 cases with blackquarter were reported between 1985 and 1997. it was found that specific soil-conditions associate the emergence of the soil-borne diseases. soil samples from five areas in zambia were examined for the presence of genus clostridium. direct immunofluorescent assay (ifa) examination showed that c. septi ... | 2000 | 11038129 |
| characterization of the catalytic domain of clostridium novyi alpha-toxin. | clostridium novyi alpha-toxin belongs to the family of large clostridial cytotoxins which act on cells through the modification of small gtp-binding proteins. we present here an analysis of the catalytic domain of alpha-toxin. a nh(2)-terminal 551-amino-acid fragment, alpha 551, was found to contain the full enzyme activity of the holotoxin, whereas a slightly shortened fragment encompassing 509 amino acids showed no detectable enzyme activity. further characterization of the enzymatically activ ... | 2000 | 11035748 |
| [detection of toxin-producing pathogenic bacterial strains by polymerase chain reaction]. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for detection of pathogenic clostridium botulinum, clostridium perfringens, clostridium difficile, and escherichia coli. with this aim in view, primers to botulinic toxins types a, b, c1, d, e, f, and g, perfringens enterotoxin, difficile toxin, and types 1 and 2 shigella-like toxins were chosen and synthesized. optimal amplification conditions were selected for each pair of primers, with dna and the respective agent as the reaction mixture matrices. pcr ... | 2000 | 11031435 |
| evaluation of two pcr-based procedures for typing clostridium perfringens. | two polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based procedures for typing clostridium, perfringens, which affects most domestic animals, were compared and evaluated for efficiency as substitute to the guinea-pig intradermal test routinely used in our laboratory, namely a multiplex pcr and a protocol based on the individual amplification of gene sequences specific for each toxin. reference isolates of c. perfringens types a, b, c and d as well as cultures from clinical specimens were tested. the sensitivit ... | 2000 | 11030363 |
| multimicrobial sepsis including clostridium perfringens after chemoembolization of a single liver metastasis from common bile duct cancer. | a 65-year-old woman underwent resection of a distal common bile duct carcinoma (whipple's procedure). twelve months later a single hepatic metastasis was detected and a chemoembolization was performed. immediately after chemoembolization the patient developed a multimicrobial sepsis including clostridium perfringens. ct scans depicted pathognomonic signs of gas-containing abscess in the necrotic liver metastasis. she was subsequently treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, abscess drainage and ... | 2000 | 11025370 |
| evaluation of the cleaning and disinfection efficacy of the deko-190; award-based automated washer/disinfector. | the deko-190 washer-disinfector combines both automatic washing and thermal disinfection functions and is designed for the decontamination of ward utensils (such as bedpans and urine bottles) and instruments used in minor surgery prior to sterilization. we undertook a microbiological evaluation of the disinfection efficacy of the machine, using its short wash plus disinfection programme and sealed suspensions of test organisms placed at various points within the instrument. suspensions of entero ... | 2000 | 11023723 |
| effect of zinc bacitracin and salinomycin on intestinal microflora and performance of broilers. | a feeding experiment was carried out over 42 d with four groups of broiler chickens fed experimental diets formulated to provide no supplementation, 20 mg zinc bacitracin, 60 mg salinomycin, or both feed additives in combination. during the fifth week of the experiment, four chickens from each pen were killed, and the contents of gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ceca, and rectum were separately collected and pooled. in all intestinal segments, the ph and the concentration of lactic acid were m ... | 2000 | 11020077 |
| new developments in chromogenic and fluorogenic culture media. | this review describes some recent developments in chromogenic and fluorogenic culture media in microbiological diagnostic. the detection of beta-d-glucuronidase (gud) activity for enumeration of escherichia coli is well known. e. coli o157:h7 strains are usually gud-negative and do not ferment sorbitol. these characteristics are used in selective media for these organisms and new chromogenic media are available. some of the new chromogenic media make the salmonella diagnostic easier and faster. ... | 2000 | 11016610 |
| determination of the incidence of salmonella spp., campylobacter jejuni, and clostridium perfringens in wild birds near broiler chicken houses by sampling intestinal droppings. | several methods were evaluated for collecting fecal and intestinal samples from wild birds found near broiler chicken houses. a few intestinal samples and cloacal swabs were obtained from european starlings and house sparrows. most of the samples collected consisted of wild bird droppings found on or near the houses. samples were collected from each of four farms of a broiler integrator during a grow-out cycle: a cycle in the summer for farm a, fall for farm b, and spring, summer, fall, and wint ... | 2000 | 11007026 |
| [diagnostic image (2). (gas gangrene of diabetic foot)]. | a 63-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus type 2 and an ulcer on the foot developed gas gangrene and was treated with antibiotics and surgical excision. she died before she could be treated with hyperbaric oxygen. | 2000 | 11004951 |
| changes in protein synthesis and acid tolerance in clostridium perfringens type a in response to acid shock. | the induction of acid-shock proteins and the degree of acid resistance conferred on clostridium perfringens by acid shock, and the kinetics of this resistance were determined. a sublethal acid shock at ph 4.5 for 20 min increased the acid tolerance of cells at least fifteenfold. the acquired tolerance was maintained for 3 h after acid treatment. the response of the microorganism to acid shock was also examined by analysis of pulse-labeled proteins. five acid-shock proteins (molecular weights 120 ... | 2000 | 11001541 |
| an update on clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | 2000 | 10994528 | |
| [study of the role of clostridium perfringens in bovine enterotoxemia]. | bovine enterotoxaemia is an acute to peracute syndrome occurring mainly in calves and characterized by the sudden or very rapid death of the calf, with colics, convulsions and nervous disorders as clinical signs, if any. the most pronounced lesion is a necrohaemorrhagic enteritis of the jejunum, the ileum, and sometimes the colon. suckling beef calves are the most frequently affected ones. in 67% of the 78 field cases investigated, some kind of stress was observed 24 to 36 hours prior to the dea ... | 1999 | 10992880 |
| clostridium perfringens beta-toxin forms potential-dependent, cation-selective channels in lipid bilayers. | recombinant beta-toxin from clostridium perfringens type c was found to increase the conductance of bilayer lipid membranes (blms) by inducing channel activity. the channels exhibited a distribution of conductances within the range of 10 to 380 ps, with the majority of the channels falling into two categories of conductance at 110 and 60 ps. the radii of beta-toxin pores found for the conductance states of 110 and 60 ps were 12.7 and 11.1 a, respectively. the single channels and the steady-state ... | 2000 | 10992452 |
| [fatal intracerebral gas gangrene in a 10-month-old child]. | today, intracerebral infections by gas forming bacteria are very rare. they are mostly seen after penetrating injuries and more rarely after trivial trauma. although prognosis of this kind of infection is severe, the general outcome of these patients after surgical and antibiotic treatment is good. we report a ten months old boy suffering a pecking injury just above the left ear with perforation of the temporal bone and dura. in between 48 hrs he developed a rapidly progressive gas gangrene ence ... | 2000 | 10986751 |
| [necrotizing enterocolitis: a historical and current review]. | enteritis necroticans, locally called "darmbrand", is a severe and life threatening infectious disease which was epidemic in northern germany after world war ii. darmbrand had a limited appearance, occurring only for a few years. in lübeck many cases were diagnosed in 1946/1948 and the book "darmbrand, enteritis necroticans" was published in 1949 by clinicians and pathologists. enteritis necroticans is also known as a tropical cause of bloody diarrhea and is caused by clostridium perfringens typ ... | 2000 | 10985064 |
| diarrhea associated with enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens in a red-footed tortoise (geochelone carbonaria). | enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens was associated with diarrhea in a 4-yr-old female captive-bred red-footed tortoise (geochelone carbonaria). diagnosis was based on bacterial culture, detection of c. perfringens enterotoxin in feces, and exclusion of commonly recognized pathogens. after treatment with metronidazole, normal feces were passed and c. perfringens enterotoxin was no longer detected in the feces. although the role of c. perfringens cannot be determined definitively from this cas ... | 2000 | 10982148 |
| role of tryptophan-1 in hemolytic and phospholipase c activities of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin. | replacement of the trp-1 in clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin with tyrosine caused no effect on hemolytic and phospholipase c (plc) activities or on binding to the zinc ion, but that of the residue with alanine, glycine and histidine led to drastic decreases in these activities and a significant reduction in binding to the zinc ion. the hemolytic and plc activities of w1h and w1a were significantly increased by the preincubation of these variant toxins with zinc ions, but the preincubation of ... | 2000 | 10981831 |
| the n-terminal prepeptide is required for the production of spore cortex-lytic enzyme from its inactive precursor during germination of clostridium perfringens s40 spores. | a spore cortex-lytic enzyme of clostridium perfringens s40 is synthesized during sporulation as a precursor consisting of four domains. after cleavage of an n-terminal preregion and a c-terminal proregion, inactive proenzyme (termed c35) is converted to active enzyme by processing of an n-terminal prosequence with germination-specific protease (gsp) during germination. the present results demonstrated that the cleaved n-terminal prepeptide remained associated with c35. after the isolated complex ... | 2000 | 10972804 |
| influence of sodium chloride on the beta-glucuronidase activity of clostridium perfringens and escherichia coli. | while the beta-glucuronidase activity of intact cells of clostridium perfringens was higher in 0.95% sodium chloride (nacl) than that in 0, 0.1 or 0.5%, that of escherichia coli was higher in 0.1% nacl than that in 0, 0.5 or 0.95% nacl in 0.1 mol l-1 kh2po4. however, the enzyme activity of both species of intact cells was higher in buffer containing 16 meq sodium, 134 meq potassium and 16 meq chloride per litre than in that containing 146 meq sodium, 13 meq potassium and 146 meq chloride. these ... | 2000 | 10972740 |
| the fate of stormwater-associated bacteria in constructed wetland and water pollution control pond systems. | the performances of a constructed wetland and a water pollution control pond were compared in terms of their abilities to reduce stormwater bacterial loads to recreational waters. concentrations of thermotolerant coliforms, enterococci and heterotrophic bacteria were determined in inflow and outflow samples collected from each system over a 6-month period. bacterial removal was significantly less effective in the water pollution control pond than in the constructed wetland. this was attributed t ... | 2000 | 10971769 |
| the mechanism of pore assembly for a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin: formation of a large prepore complex precedes the insertion of the transmembrane beta-hairpins. | perfringolysin o (pfo) is a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (cdc) family of membrane-penetrating toxins. the cdcs form large homooligomers (estimated to be comprised of up to 50 cdc monomers) that are responsible for generating a large pore in cholesterol-containing membranes of eukaryotic cells. the assembly of the pfo cytolytic complex was examined to determine whether it forms an oligomeric prepore complex on the membrane prior to the insertion of its membrane-spanning beta-shee ... | 2000 | 10956018 |
| structural basis of polyamine-dna recognition: spermidine and spermine interactions with genomic b-dnas of different gc content probed by raman spectroscopy. | four genomic dnas of differing gc content (micrococcus luteus, 72% gc; escherichia coli, 50% gc; calf thymus, 42% gc; clostridium perfringens, 27% gc) have been employed as targets of interaction by the cationic polyamines spermidine ([h(3)n(ch(2))(3)nh(2)(ch(2))(4)nh(3)](3+)) and spermine ([(ch(2))(4)(nh(2)(ch(2))(3)nh(3))(2)](4+)). in solutions containing 60 mm dna phosphate (approximately 20 mg dna/ml) and either 1, 5 or 60 mm polyamine, only raman bands associated with the phosphates exhibit ... | 2000 | 10954608 |
| clostridial gas gangrene. ii. phospholipase c-induced activation of platelet gpiibiiia mediates vascular occlusion and myonecrosis in clostridium perfringens gas gangrene. | clostridium perfringens gas gangrene is a fulminant infection, and radical amputation remains the single best treatment. it has been hypothesized that rapid tissue destruction is related to tissue hypoxia secondary to toxin-induced vascular obstruction, and previous studies demonstrated that phospholipase c (plc) caused a rapid and irreversible decrease in skeletal muscle blood flow that paralleled the formation of intravascular aggregates of activated platelets, fibrin, and leukocytes. in this ... | 2000 | 10950775 |
| clostridial gas gangrene. i. cellular and molecular mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction induced by exotoxins of clostridium perfringens. | mechanisms responsible for the rapid tissue destruction in gas gangrene are not well understood. to examine the early effects of clostridium perfringens exotoxins on tissue perfusion, a rat model of muscle blood flow was developed. intramuscular injection of a clostridial toxin preparation containing both phospholipase c (plc) and theta-toxin caused a rapid (1-2 min) and irreversible decrease in blood flow that paralleled formation of activated platelet aggregates in venules and arterioles. late ... | 2000 | 10950774 |
| bacterial toxins modifying the actin cytoskeleton. | numerous bacterial toxins recognize the actin cytoskeleton as a target. the clostridial binary toxins (iota and c2 families) adp-ribosylate the actin monomers causing the dissociation of the actin filaments. the large clostridial toxins from clostridium difficile, clostridium sordellii and clostridium novyi inactivate, by glucosylation, proteins from the rho family that regulate actin polymerization. in contrast, the cytotoxic necrotic factor from escherichia coli activates rho by deamidation an ... | 1999 | 10943412 |
| genetic analysis of the ycgj-metb-cysk-ygag operon negatively regulated by the virr/virs system in clostridium perfringens. | the 5'-flanking region of the metb-cysk-ygag operon, whose expression is negatively regulated by the virr/virs system in c. perfringens, was analyzed. the region contained the ycgj, mscl, and cola genes encoding a hypothetical protein, a large conductance mechanosensitive channel protein, and kappa-toxin (collagenase), respectively. northern analysis revealed that the ycgj gene was transcribed as a 4.9-kb operon together with the metb-cysk-ygag genes and that this operon was negatively regulated ... | 2000 | 10941936 |
| retinal detachment after posterior segment intraocular foreign body injuries. | to identify the risk factors for retinal detachment after posterior segment intraocular foreign body (iofb) injuries and to study the association between the development of retinal detachment and visual outcome. | 1998 | 10937853 |
| identification of two genes encoding putative new members of the ecf subfamily of eubacterial rna polymerase sigma factors in clostridium acetobutylicum. | two genes from clostridium acetobutylicum dsm 792 were identified which are predicted to encode new members of the ecf subfamily of eubacterial rna polymerase sigma factors. the sigx gene has the potential to encode a 184-amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 21,870 da and with the highest overall similarity to fecl of escherichia coli (27 % identical residues). the second gene, which is predicted to encode an alternative sigma factor of the ecf subfamily, is the previously described orf2 ... | 2000 | 10937434 |
| removal of terminal alpha-galactosyl residues by endo-beta-galactosidase c, a potent endoglycosidase which acts under physiological ph conditions. | 2000 | 10936258 | |
| identification of residues critical for toxicity in clostridium perfringens phospholipase c, the key toxin in gas gangrene. | clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (plc), also called alpha-toxin, is the major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene. the toxic activities of genetically engineered alpha-toxin variants harboring single amino-acid substitutions in three loops of its c-terminal domain were studied. the substitutions were made in aspartic acid residues which bind calcium, and tyrosine residues of the putative membrane-interacting region. the variants d269n and d336n had less than 20% of the he ... | 2000 | 10931204 |
| comparative experiments to examine the effects of heating on vegetative cells and spores of clostridium perfringens isolates carrying plasmid genes versus chromosomal enterotoxin genes. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is an important virulence factor for both c. perfringens type a food poisoning and several non-food-borne human gastrointestinal diseases. recent studies have indicated that c. perfringens isolates associated with food poisoning carry a chromosomal cpe gene, while non-food-borne human gastrointestinal disease isolates carry a plasmid cpe gene. however, no explanation has been provided for the strong associations between certain cpe genotypes and particul ... | 2000 | 10919775 |
| occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in the saint lawrence river (canada) and comparison of health risks for populations using it as their source of drinking water. | a 300-km portion of the saint lawrence hydrological basin in the province of québec (canada) and 45 water treatment plants were studied. river water used by drinking water treatment plants was analyzed (6-l sample volumes) to determine the level of occurrence of bacterial indicators (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and clostridium perfringens) and pathogens (giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium, human enteric viruses). pathogens and bacterial indicators were found at all sites at a wide range of v ... | 2000 | 10913979 |
| clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin causes excessive release of glutamate in the mouse hippocampus. | the mechanism of neurotoxicity of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin to the mouse brain was investigated. intravenous injection in mice with the toxin caused seizure and excited hippocampal neurons. microdialysis revealed that epsilon toxin induced excessive glutamate release in the hippocampus. both the seizure and glutamate release were attenuated by prior injection with riluzole, an inhibitor of pre-synaptic glutamate release, suggesting that this toxin enhances glutamate efflux, leading t ... | 2000 | 10913875 |
| clostridium perfringens enterotoxin binds to the second extracellular loop of claudin-3, a tight junction integral membrane protein. | claudins (claudin-1 to -18) with four transmembrane domains and two extracellular loops constitute tight junction strands. the peptide toxin clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) has been shown to bind to claudin-3 and -4, but not to claudin-1 or -2. we constructed claudin-1/claudin-3 chimeric molecules and found that the second extracellular loop of claudin-3 conferred cpe sensitivity on l fibroblasts. furthermore, overlay analyses revealed that the second extracellular loop of claudin-3 sp ... | 2000 | 10913624 |
| hydrodynamic bead modeling of biological macromolecules. | 2000 | 10909063 | |
| in vitro activities of mk-826 (l-749,345) against 363 strains of anaerobic bacteria. | the activity of mk-826 was compared to the activities of cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and meropenem against 363 gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobes by using nccls procedures. at least 98% of the strains were susceptible to the carbapenems. all strains of clostridium perfringens, fusobacterium nucleatum, peptostreptococcus, and sutterella wadsworthensis were susceptible to all agents tested. | 2000 | 10898709 |
| cordycepin: selective growth inhibitor derived from liquid culture of cordyceps militaris against clostridium spp. | the growth responses of nine human intestinal bacteria to liquid culture of cordyceps militaris link. pt. (ascomycotina: clavicipitaceae) collected from a pupa of bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae) were examined using spectrophotometric and impregnated paper disk methods and compared to those of tetracycline and chloramphenicol, as well as those of coptis japonica root-derived berberine chloride. the biologically active constituent of the cultures was characterized as cordycepin (3'-deoxya ... | 2000 | 10898616 |
| control of bacterial spores. | bacterial spores are much more resistant than their vegetative counterparts. the most dangerous spore-former is clostridium botulinum which produces a potent neurotoxin that can prove fatal. the most common food poisoning from a spore-former is caused by c. perfringens. other food poisoning spore-formers include bacillus cereus, b. subtilis and b. licheniformis. there are a number of non-pathogenic spore-formers including butyric and thermophilic anaerobes that cause significant economic losses ... | 2000 | 10885113 |
| colonization of the intestinal tract by clostridium perfringens and fecal shedding in diet-stressed and unstressed broiler chickens. | commercial broiler chicks were given a three-strain composite of bacitracin-resistant clostridium perfringens by oral gavage and were sampled periodically to determine the dynamics of c. perfringens colonization of the intestinal tract of broiler chickens and fecal shedding. after gavage, the chicks were divided into two groups and placed in isolators, one group received a traditional corn-based diet, and the other group received the same diet supplemented with 50% rye to place the birds under d ... | 2000 | 10875766 |