Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| characterization of temperature-sensitive hvj (sendai virus) infection in vero cells: inhibitory mechanism of viral production at 41 degrees. | in a previous study, it was found that the synthesis of hemagglutinating virus of japan (hvj; sendai virus)-specific proteins was inhibited at the transcriptional level at 41 degrees in llc-mk2 cells. during an investigation of the temperature sensitivity of hvj production in other host cells, the synthesis of hvj-specific proteins was recognized even at 41 degrees in vero cells. viral production, however, was not detected, indicating the inhibition of steps after the synthesis of viral proteins ... | 2003 | 12684547 |
| china joins investigation of mystery pneumonia. | 2003 | 12673214 | |
| [experimental study on effect of recombined decoction on mumps virus]. | to evaluate possible inactivating effect of recombined decoction in on mumps virus. | 2002 | 12665939 |
| deadenylation of interferon-beta mrna is mediated by both the au-rich element in the 3'-untranslated region and an instability sequence in the coding region. | viral infection of fibroblastic and endothelial cells leads to the transient synthesis of interferon-beta (ifn-beta). the down-regulation of ifn-beta synthesis after infection results both from transcriptional repression of the ifn-beta gene and rapid degradation of mrna. as with many cytokine mrnas, ifn-beta mrna contains an au-rich element (are) in its 3'-untranslated region (utr). ares are known to mediate mrna deadenylation and destabilization. depending on the class of are, deadenylation wa ... | 2003 | 12654014 |
| positive- and negative-acting signals combine to determine differential rna replication from the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 genomic and antigenomic promoters. | the cis-acting signals found at the 3' ends of the genomic and antigenomic rnas are a major factor determining the level of paramyxovirus rna replication from each promoter. using a minigenome system that reconstitutes sv5 rna synthesis from cdna-derived components, we show here that the genomic promoter (gp) for the paramyxovirus sv5 directs rna replication approximately 14-fold lower than that seen from the antigenomic promoter (agp). the goal of this study was to identify cis-acting signals r ... | 2003 | 12642107 |
| respiratory disease due to parainfluenza virus in adult leukemia patients. | reports of human parainfluenza viruses (hpiv) in patients with leukemia have been limited to a few cases or as a portion of general surveys. in order to expand the knowledge of these infections in this patient group, the frequency and clinical course of hpiv infections was determined among 1,787 patients with leukemia treated at the university of texas m.d. anderson cancer center between july 1994 and december 1997. hpiv was isolated from 47 (6.2%) of the 770 patients who were cultured for respi ... | 2003 | 12627280 |
| both heptad repeats of human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein are potent inhibitors of viral fusion. | heptad repeat regions (hr1 and hr2) are highly conserved peptides located in f(1) of paramyxovirus envelope proteins. they are important in the process of virus fusion and form six-helix bundle structure (trimer of hr1 and hr2 heterodimer) post-fusion, similar to those found in the fusion proteins of other enveloped viruses, such as retrovirus hiv. both hr1 and hr2 show potent inhibition for virus fusion in some members of paramyxovirus. however, in other members, only hr2 gives strong inhibitio ... | 2003 | 12615056 |
| virus-induced heterodimer formation between irf-5 and irf-7 modulates assembly of the ifna enhanceosome in vivo and transcriptional activity of ifna genes. | transcription factors of the interferon regulatory factor (irf) family have been identified as critical mediators of early inflammatory gene transcription in infected cells. we have shown previously that irf-5, like irf-3 and irf-7, is a direct transducer of virus-mediated signaling and plays a role in the expression of multiple cytokines/chemokines. the present study is focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and function of irf-5/irf-7 heterodimers in infected cells. the i ... | 2003 | 12600985 |
| where are the gaps in asthma research? a counter-perspective. | 2003 | 12589339 | |
| increased ifn-gamma protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of anti-ip-10 antibody-treated f344 rats following sendai viral infection. | a previous study showed that virus-resistant f344 rats had higher levels of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma)-inducible protein 10 (ip-10) than did virus-susceptible bn rats early after sendai viral infection. the initial goal of this study was to determine if an early high expression of ip-10 in f344 rats contributes to their resistance to virus-induced airway injury. infected f344 rats were treated with anti-ip-10 rabbit serum or normal rabbit serum. results indicated that blocking of ip-10 protein ... | 2002 | 12581489 |
| paramyxovirus and reovirus infections in wild-caught mexican lizards (xenosaurus and abronia spp.). | virus isolation attempts were carried out on wild-caught xenosaurus grandis, x. platyceps, and abronia graminea from mexico. these animals were also tested for exposure to paramyxoviruses and reoviruses. pharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected from 30 lizards, and blood was collected from 23 lizards. a cytopathogenic virus was isolated from the cloacal swab of one of the x. platyceps. the isolate was identified as a paramyxovirus on the basis of its sensitivity to chloroform, resistance to 5 ... | 2002 | 12564527 |
| human parainfluenza virus giant cell pneumonia following cord blood transplant associated with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. | giant cell pneumonia secondary to human parainfluenza virus 3 has been reported only rarely in immunocompromised hosts. the few cases documented after bone marrow transplant have resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. to our knowledge, this entity has not been described following umbilical cord blood transplant. pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, a rare condition that has been reported with increasing frequency in association with immunocompromise and infections, has not been documented i ... | 2003 | 12562244 |
| characterization of a novel parainfluenza virus, caviid parainfluenza virus 3, from laboratory guinea pigs (cavia porcellus). | a novel respirovirus was isolated from nasopharyngeal swab specimens from clinically normal laboratory guinea pigs, and was characterized and named caviid parainfluenza virus 3 (cavpiv-3). the cavpiv-3 is enveloped, is 100 to 300 nm in diameter, and has a characteristic 15-nm-diameter chevron-shaped virus ribonucleocapsid protein. sequence analysis of the fusion glycoprotein of cavpiv-3 revealed it to be 94% identical to human and guinea pig parainfluenza 3 (piv-3) viruses and 80% identical to b ... | 2002 | 12540169 |
| nonspecific recruitment of memory cd8+ t cells to the lung airways during respiratory virus infections. | previous studies have shown that heterologous viral infections have a significant impact on pre-existing memory t cell populations in secondary lymphoid organs through a combination of cross-reactive and bystander effects. however, the impact of heterologous viral infections on effector/memory t cells in peripheral sites is not well understood. in this study, we have analyzed the impact of a heterologous influenza virus infection on sendai virus-specific cd8(+) effector/memory cells present in t ... | 2003 | 12538703 |
| paramyxoviruses sv5 and hpiv2 assemble stat protein ubiquitin ligase complexes from cellular components. | signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) proteins are normally long-lived, but infection with certain paramyxoviruses results in efficient loss of ifn-responsive stat1 or stat2. expression of a virus-encoded protein called "v" is sufficient to mediate the destruction of stat proteins. stat degradation is blocked by proteasome inhibitors, strongly implicating the ubiquitin (ub)-proteasome targeting system. we demonstrate that cellular expression of v proteins from simian virus 5 (s ... | 2002 | 12504558 |
| high avidity cd8+ t cells are the initial population elicited following viral infection of the respiratory tract. | following intranasal administration, the model paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) establishes an infection in the respiratory tract of mice, which is subsequently cleared by cd8+ t cells. in this study, we sought to understand the maturation of the antiviral immune response over time by assessing the functional avidity of the responding t cells and the expansion of immunodominant populations. surprisingly, we determined that the initial response to ag at day 3 (d3) in the mediastinal lymph node ... | 2003 | 12496398 |
| the v proteins of simian virus 5 and other paramyxoviruses inhibit induction of interferon-beta. | in this article we show that the paramyxovirus sv5 is a poor inducer of interferon-beta (ifn-beta). this inefficient induction is a consequence of the expression of an intact viral v protein. in the absence of the viral v protein cysteine-rich c-terminal domain, ifn-beta mrna is strongly induced and the transcription factors nf-kappab and irf-3 are activated significantly. the v protein can work in isolation from sv5 to block intracellular dsrna signaling. the mechanism of block to dsrna signali ... | 2002 | 12482656 |
| recovery of paramyxovirus simian virus 5 with a v protein lacking the conserved cysteine-rich domain: the multifunctional v protein blocks both interferon-beta induction and interferon signaling. | the v protein of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) is a multifunctional protein containing an n-terminal 164 residue domain that is shared with the p protein and a distinct c-terminal domain that is cysteine-rich and which is highly conserved among paramyxoviruses. we report the recovery from vero cells [interferon (ifn) nonproducing cells] of a recombinant sv5 (rsv5) that lacks the v protein c-terminal specific domain (rsv5vdeltac). in vero cells rsv5vdeltac forms large plaques and grows a ... | 2002 | 12482655 |
| cutting edge: virus-specific cd4+ memory t cells in nonlymphoid tissues express a highly activated phenotype. | recent studies have shown that cd4(+) memory t cells persist in nonlymphoid organs following infections. however, the development and phenotype of these peripheral memory cells are poorly defined. in this study, multimerized mhc-ig fusion proteins, with a covalently attached peptide sequence from the sendai virus hemagglutinin/neuraminidase gene, have been used to identify virus-specific cd4(+) t cells during sendai virus infection and the establishment of peripheral cd4(+) memory populations in ... | 2002 | 12471092 |
| a cotton rat model of human parainfluenza 3 laryngotracheitis: virus growth, pathology, and therapy. | parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) infection led to laryngotracheitis in cotton rats. laryngeal virus titers peaked at 10(5.0)-10(6.0) plaque-forming units (pfu)/g of tissue from days 2 through 5 after inoculation with 10(5.5) pfu of piv3. lymphocytic and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrates were present in the subglottic and proximal tracheal regions, whereas respiratory epithelial cells were blunted with loss of cilia. topical therapy with moderate doses of triamcinolone acetonide, an anti-inf ... | 2002 | 12447755 |
| evolution of pigeon newcastle disease virus strains. | twenty-seven newcastle disease virus isolates obtained during the years 1998 and 1999 from racing pigeons were shown to be antigenically indistinguishable from the pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (ppmv-1) viruses isolated in the years 1983 and 1984. partial sequencing of 240 base pairs of the f gene demonstrated at least 94.7% identity at the nucleotide level between isolates from 1983 and 1984, and more recent viruses isolated in 1998 and 1999. most of the nucleotide changes observed were silent mu ... | 2002 | 12427346 |
| an in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the virulence of newcastle disease virus and vaccines for the chicken reproductive tract. | the virulence of two vaccine strains and two field strains of newcastle disease virus (ndv) for the female reproductive tract of chickens was assessed using oviduct organ cultures (ooc) prepared from precociously-induced oviducts in young chicks by oestrogen treatment. ciliostasis, haemagglutination and virus isolation from infected ooc supernatants, histopathology and immunoperoxidase test results indicated the pathogenic nature of both vaccine and virulent ndvs for the precocious oviducts. the ... | 2002 | 12427345 |
| antigen-nonspecific recruitment of th2 cells to the lung as a mechanism for viral infection-induced allergic asthma. | respiratory viral infections have been shown to trigger exacerbations of asthma; however, the mechanism by which viral th1-type inflammation exacerbates an allergic th2-type disease remains unclear. we have previously shown that although adoptively transferred th2 cells are inefficiently recruited to the lung in response to ag, cotransfer of th1 cells can increase accumulation of th2 cells. in this study, we show that respiratory viral infection increases recruitment of resting th2 cells specifi ... | 2002 | 12421921 |
| paramyxovirus strategies for evading the interferon response. | two genera, the respirovirus (sendai virus (sev) and human parainfluenza virus (hpiv3) and the rubulavirus (simian virus (sv) 5, sv41, mumps virus and hpiv2), of the three in the subfamily paramyxovirinae inhibit interferon (ifn) signalling to circumvent the ifn response. the viral protein responsible for the inhibition is the c protein for respirovirus sev and the v protein for the rubulaviruses, both of which are multifunctional accessory proteins expressed from the p gene. sev suppresses ifn- ... | 2002 | 12410527 |
| temperature-sensitive viral infection: inhibition of hemagglutinating virus of japan (sendai virus) infection at 41 degrees. | while investigating myoblast fusion using enveloped viruses, we unexpectedly found that the production of hemagglutinating virus of japan (hvj; sendai virus) was suppressed temperature dependently in quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature-sensitive rous sarcoma virus, which proliferate at 35.5 degrees but differentiate at 41 degrees; viral production was normal at 35.5 degrees but suppressed at 41 degrees irrespective of the species of host cells. the production of some viruses, i.e. mea ... | 2002 | 12403916 |
| long-term maintenance of virus-specific effector memory cd8+ t cells in the lung airways depends on proliferation. | recent studies have shown that virus-specific effector memory t cells can be recovered from the lung airways long after clearance of a respiratory virus infection. these cells are thought to play an important role in the recall response to secondary viral infection. it is currently unclear whether these cells actually persist at this site or are maintained by continual proliferation and recruitment. in this study, we have analyzed the mechanisms underlying the persistence of memory cd8(+) t cell ... | 2002 | 12391211 |
| infectious disease surveillance update. | 2002 | 12383607 | |
| persistence of viral rna in 2 rat strains differing in susceptibility to postbronchiolitis airway dysfunction. | after viral bronchiolitis at an early age, a chronic asthma-like syndrome develops in bn, but not f344, rats. we hypothesized that the bn strain is less effective at clearing virus from the involved tissues. weanling bn and f344 rats were inoculated with sendai virus, and lung and peribronchial lymph nodes were harvested from each strain at 5 to 84 days after infection; control tissues were obtained from noninfected rats. lung viral titers were similar for the 2 strains, with no infectious virus ... | 2002 | 12373269 |
| the value of polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections in lung transplant recipients. | respiratory viruses cause severe infections in lung transplant recipients, which require rapid and accurate diagnosis for appropriate management. | 2002 | 12367651 |
| sendai virus trailer rna binds tiar, a cellular protein involved in virus-induced apoptosis. | sendai virus (sev) leader (le) and trailer (tr) rnas are short transcripts generated during abortive antigenome and genome synthesis, respectively. recom binant sev (rsev) that express tr-like rnas from the leader region are non-cytopathic and, moreover, prevent wild-type sev from inducing apoptosis in mixed infections. these rsev thus appear to have gained a function. here we report that tr rna binds to a cellular protein with many links to apoptosis (tiar) via the au-rich sequence 5' uuuuaaauu ... | 2002 | 12356730 |
| [paramyxovirus (2)--molecular view of offensive and defensive activities between viruses and their hosts]. | 2002 | 12227177 | |
| impact of parainfluenza-3 virus infection on endothelin receptor density and function in guinea pig airways. | we examined the impact of parainfluenza-3 (p-3) respiratory tract viral infection on the density and function of endothelin (et) receptor subtypes (et(a) and et(b)) in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle. total specific binding of [(125)i]et-1 and the relative proportions of et(a) and et(b) binding sites for this ligand were assessed at day 0 (control) and at 2, 4, 8 and 16 days post-inoculation. at day 0, the proportions of et(a) and et(b) binding sites were 30% and 70% respectively. total specif ... | 2002 | 12193119 |
| blockade of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by caveolin-1. | caveolin-1 (cav-1) is a major protein constituent of caveolae, a type of plasma membrane raft. we observed that coexpression of human cav-1 with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) blocked virion production from cells that are ordinarily highly permissive. further investigation showed that this effect is specific, occurs at low ratios of cav-1 to hiv-1 dna, depends on expression of cav-1 protein, and involves severely impaired expression of hiv-1 proteins. cav-1 also blocked hiv-2 expres ... | 2002 | 12186899 |
| involvement of the leader sequence in sendai virus pathogenesis revealed by recovery of a pathogenic field isolate from cdna. | we previously demonstrated that a systematic passage of a pathogenic field isolate of sendai virus (sev), the hamamatsu strain, in embryonated eggs caused attenuation of virulence to mice, and we isolated viral clones of distinct virulence (k. kiyotani et al. arch. virol. 146:893-908, 2001). one of the clones, e15cl2, which was obtained from the virus at the 15th egg passage of e0, the parental hamamatsu clone for egg passage, had 165-fold-attenuated virulence to mice and possessed only four mut ... | 2002 | 12163573 |
| substance p receptor expression on lymphocytes is associated with the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the kinetics and magnitude of sp receptor expression was determined for bronchoalveolar leukocyte cell subsets from balb/c mice in the primary immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus-3 (piv3) infection, and in the secondary immune response to rsv and piv3 challenge. in both the primary and secondary responses to infection, expression of substance p (sp) receptors was markedly increased by infection, especially for t lymphocytes, compared to b220+, cd11b ... | 2002 | 12161030 |
| the long noncoding region of the human parainfluenza virus type 1 f gene contributes to the read-through transcription at the m-f gene junction. | sendai virus (sv) and human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1) have genomes consisting of nonsegmented negative-sense rna in which the six genes are separated by well-conserved intergenic (ig) sequences and transcriptional start (s) and end signals. in hpiv1-infected cells, transcriptional termination at the m-f gene junction is ineffective; a large number of m-f read-through transcripts are produced (t. bousse, t. takimoto, k. g. murti, and a. portner, virology 232:44-52, 1997). in contrast, fe ... | 2002 | 12134030 |
| dendritic cell influx differs between the subglottic and glottic mucosae during acute laryngotracheitis induced by a broad spectrum of stimuli. | clinically, the subglottic and glottic mucosae may react differently, eg, during acute laryngotracheitis. in healthy rats, we showed previously that the composition of the mucosal immune system of the larynx also differs between these areas. neutrophils, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells (dcs) are part of this mucosal immune system. in particular, dcs occupy a key function. they migrate into inflamed mucosae during the early phase of the immune response, which is normally characterized by an infl ... | 2002 | 12126010 |
| viral induction of a chronic asthma phenotype and genetic segregation from the acute response. | paramyxoviral infections cause most of the acute lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children and predispose to the development of chronic wheezing, but the relationship between these short- and long-term viral effects are uncertain. here we show that a single paramyxoviral infection of mice (c57bl6/j strain) not only produces acute bronchiolitis, but also triggers a chronic response with airway hyperreactivity and goblet cell hyperplasia lasting at least a year after complete v ... | 2002 | 12122108 |
| prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus igg antibodies in infants living in a rural area of mozambique. | a case control study was carried out in manhiça (mozambique). serum samples were collected from infants < 1 year of age in hospital to assess the effect of serum antibodies on the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. sera were collected from a total of 31 cases of rsv infection and paired uninfected controls matched for age and sex. anti-rsv antibodies were assessed by a membrane fluorescent antibody test (mfat) for immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies and by a neutralizing ant ... | 2002 | 12116014 |
| stimulation of human natural interferon-alpha response via paramyxovirus hemagglutinin lectin-cell interaction. | a lectin-carbohydrate recognition event without enzymatic function is proposed as molecular basis for an important innate immune response to enveloped viruses. it involves the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein of newcastle disease virus (ndv) and sialic acid expressing cellular receptors on human natural interferon (ifn) alpha producing cells. this conclusion is based on two types of experimental evidence: (a) strong uv irradiation of ndv, which destroyed the cell binding and hemadso ... | 2002 | 12110950 |
| transmission pattern of parainfluenza 3 virus in guinea pig breeding herds. | in searching for the cause of experimental variations in respiratory research data, serology revealed the prevalence of antibodies against parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv 3) in guinea pigs. the aim of the present study was to explore the transmission rate, course, and kinetics of enzootic piv 3 infection in guinea pig breeding units. in the first part of the study, blood samples to be analyzed for piv 3 antibodies were collected from guinea pigs of a piv 3-positive breeding colony at different t ... | 2002 | 12109899 |
| oncolytic viruses: programmable tumour hunters. | despite significant improvements in early detection and refinements of therapeutic protocols over the last several decades, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in north america. in particular, treatment of metastatic cancers is a highly desirable and yet still elusive goal of the oncologist. one strategy which holds promise is the use of self replicating viral strains with the ability to specifically kill tumour but not normal cells. these so-called "oncolytic viruses" are in gener ... | 2002 | 12109220 |
| live-attenuated virus vaccines for respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses: applications of reverse genetics. | 2002 | 12093883 | |
| emerging viral infections in australia. | hendra virus infection should be suspected in someone with close association with horses or bats who presents acutely with pneumonia or encephalitis (potentially after a prolonged incubation period). australian bat lyssavirus infection should be suspected in a patient with a progressive neurological illness and a history of exposure to a bat. rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin should be strongly considered after a bite, scratch or mucous membrane exposure to a bat. japanese encephalitis vaccine s ... | 2002 | 12088481 |
| sendai virus, a murine parainfluenza virus type 1, replicates to a level similar to human piv1 in the upper and lower respiratory tract of african green monkeys and chimpanzees. | human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1), a major cause of croup in infants and young children, accounts for 6% of hospitalizations for pediatric respiratory tract disease. the antigenically related sendai virus, referred to here as murine piv1 (mpiv1), is being considered for use as a live-attenuated vaccine to protect against hpiv1 (j. l. hurwitz, k. f. soike, m. y., sangster, a. portner, r. e. sealy, d. h. dawson, and c. coleclough, 1997, vaccine 15(5), 533-540) and also as a recombinant vacc ... | 2002 | 12083845 |
| memory t-cells in non-lymphoid tissues. | recent studies have shown that long-lived memory cd8 t-cell populations can be subdivided into two distinct groups. the central pool of resting memory cells in lymph organs has been extensively analyzed. however, a second subset of partially activated cd8 memory t-cells has recently been identified in non-lymphoid tissues. in respiratory virus models, a strong correlation between the numbers of antigen-specific t-cells in lung tissues and effective protective cellular immunity suggests that boos ... | 2002 | 12054069 |
| isolation of salem virus, a novel equine paramyxovirus, and assessment of its etiologic role in a disease outbreak. | salem virus (salv) is a recently identified equine virus belonging to the family paramyxoviridae. the only known isolate was obtained from a horse that was involved in a disease outbreak of undetermined nature and the circumstances of its isolation suggested an etiologic role. however, the experimental infection of a colostrum-deprived foal failed to reproduce the disease; only mild neutropenia and temperature elevation were recorded. an additional attempt to establish an etiological relationshi ... | 2002 | 12052331 |
| pulmonary eosinophilia in mice devoid of interleukin-5. | the biology of the eosinophilic leukocyte-development, recruitment, and prolonged existence in somatic tissues-has been linked almost invariably to the actions of the "eosinophil" cytokine, interleukin-5 (il-5). here we demonstrate that pulmonary eosinophilia can occur in the absence of il-5, as morphologically normal eosinophils are recruited to the lungs of virus-infected il-5 -/- mice with kinetics and sequelae that are indistinguishable from those of their il-5 +/+ counterparts. we conclude ... | 2002 | 12050181 |
| sen viruses and treatment response in chronic hepatitis c virus. | 2002 | 12049898 | |
| sen viruses and treatment response in chronic hepatitis c virus. | 2002 | 12049896 | |
| primary replication of a recombinant sendai virus vector in macaques. | an efficient antigen expression system using a recombinant sendai virus (sev) has been established recently and its potential to induce resistance against immunodeficiency virus infections in macaques has been shown. sev replication has been well characterized in mice, the natural host, but not in primates, including humans. here, primary sev replication was investigated in macaques. after intranasal immunization with a recombinant sev expressing simian immunodeficiency virus gag protein, sev-ga ... | 2002 | 12029153 |
| identification of ectopic anionic trypsin i in rat lungs potentiating pneumotropic virus infectivity and increased enzyme level after virus infection. | extracellular cleavage of virus envelope fusion glycoproteins by host cellular proteases is a prerequisite for the infectivity of mammalian and nonpathogenic avian influenza viruses, and sendai virus. in search of such target processing proteases in the airway, we recently found a new candidate trypsin-like processing protease in rat lungs, which was induced by sendai virus infection, and identified as ectopic rat anionic trypsin i. on sds/page under reducing and nonreducing conditions, the puri ... | 2002 | 12027901 |
| serum alpha-tocopherol and immune function in yearling ewes supplemented with zinc and vitamin e. | yearling targhee ewes (n = 24; not pregnant or lactating) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effects of supplemental vitamin e (0 iu [0vite] vs 330 iu vitamin e x ewe(-1) x d(-1) [+vite]) and zn (0 mg [0zn] vs 140 mg zn x ewe(-1) x d(-1) [+zn]) on serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations, antibodies to parainfluenza type 3 (pi3), ewe bw, zn liver concentrations, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity. ewes were managed as one group, grazed native pasture, and ... | 2002 | 12019622 |
| acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after para-influenza infection post bone marrow transplantation. | acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem) is a parainfectious or postvaccination demyelinating condition, characterized by rapid onset of multifocal neurological deficits, usually occurring in childhood or adolescence. we report case of adem in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient, who presented with rapid onset of paraplegia and widespread neurological deficits 6 weeks after parainfluenza pneumonia. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) showed typical features of adem, involving the subc ... | 2002 | 11999589 |
| human parainfluenza type 4 virus (hpiv4) infection provoking many questions regarding the role of this virus as the causative agent of respiratory tract infections in the post-transplant setting. | 2002 | 11979316 | |
| mixed outbreak of parainfluenza type 1 and influenza b associated with tourism and air travel. | a preseasonal outbreak of influenza-like illness was reported in a tourist group that had returned from ireland to the united states on october 1 and 2, 1999. the authors investigated to determine the timing, extent, and nature of the outbreak. | 2001 | 11962348 |
| high avidity cytotoxic t lymphocytes to a foreign antigen are efficiently activated following immunization with a recombinant paramyxovirus, simian virus 5. | our previous work has shown that high avidity cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are optimal for virus clearance in vivo and thus it is necessary that an effective vaccine is capable of eliciting high avidity ctl. to determine if vaccination with the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) elicits a high avidity response to a model foreign antigen, a recombinant virus was engineered to express chicken ovalbumin (rsv5-ova). to compare the ctl response elicited with rsv5-ova and a recombinant vaccinia virus ... | 2002 | 11961272 |
| guillain-barré syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | guillain-barré syndrome is a rare complication in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. we report three children with t cell lymphoma/leukemia in whom this syndrome developed soon after they received unrelated donor transplants. the rapid onset of symptoms raises the concern that the bone marrow transplant conditioning regimen (ie, total body irradiation, cyclophosphamide and cytosine arabinoside) might have precipitated the clinical syndrome of ascending polyneuropathy. althou ... | 2002 | 11960272 |
| expression of tachykinins in nonnociceptive vagal afferent neurons during respiratory viral infection in guinea pigs. | immunohistochemistry was combined with retrograde labeling to characterize the effect of respiratory infection with sendai virus on the number of substance p/neurokinin a-containing vagal afferent neurons whose cell bodies resided in the nodose ganglia and whose receptive fields were located in guinea pig trachea. of the neurons labeled from the trachea of vehicle-inoculated guinea pigs, few stained positively for substance p/neurokinin a (approximately 3% of total labeled neurons). these neuron ... | 2002 | 11956047 |
| the recombinant chimeric human parainfluenza virus type 1 vaccine candidate, rhpiv3-1cp45, is attenuated, immunogenic, and protective in african green monkeys. | a recombinant live-attenuated chimeric human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1) candidate vaccine was previously generated by replacing the fusion (f) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein open reading frames (orfs) of the hpiv3 candidate vaccine, rhpiv3cp45, with those of wild-type hpiv1. previously, this recombinant chimeric virus, designated rhpiv3-1cp45, exhibited a greater level of the temperature sensitivity of replication in vitro and a greater level of attenuation of replicat ... | 2002 | 11906774 |
| challenges and options in the management of viral infections after stem cell transplantation. | during the period of profound combined immunodeficiency after bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (sct), patients are at increased risk for serious viral disease. recent advances in rapid diagnostic methods and the introduction of potent antiviral compounds have made it possible to establish efficient management strategies for several herpesviruses. acyclovir, valaciclovir, and famciclovir are widely used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus d ... | 2002 | 11904784 |
| production of the chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein-1, regulated on activation normal t cell expressed and secreted protein, growth-related oncogene, and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 is induced by the sendai virus in human and rat testicular cells. | several viruses infect the testis, inducing inflammation, which may lead to infertility. in this study we investigated the production in rat and human testicular cells exposed to the sendai virus of several chemokines that play a major role in inflammatory processes. exposure of rat testicular macrophages and sertoli, leydig, and peritubular cells to the sendai virus led to the production of mrna and protein for monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (mcp-1), regulated on activation normal t cell expres ... | 2002 | 11897701 |
| fusion and infection of influenza and sendai viruses as modulated by dextran sulfate: a comparative study. | we have directly compared the effect of two types of dextran sulfate with distinct molecular weights (500 kda and 5 kda) on the fusion activity and infectivity of both sendai and influenza viruses, two lipid-enveloped viruses that differ in their routes of entry into target cells. to correlate membrane merging and infectivity mdck cells were used as targets for the viruses in both approaches. in either case pronounced inhibition of virus-cell interactions by dextran sulfate was only observed at ... | 2001 | 11892996 |
| controlled cell killing by a recombinant nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus. | in most tissue culture cell lines tested, infection with the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) results in very little cell death. to determine if sv5 could be used as a vector for controlled killing of tumor cells, a recombinant sv5 (rsv5-tk) was constructed to encode the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene. mdbk cells infected with rsv5-tk showed a time-dependent loss of viability when infected cells were cultured in the presence of the prodrug acyclovir (acv) or ganciclovir (gcv) ... | 2002 | 11853412 |
| paramyxovirus accessory proteins as interferon antagonists. | a new role of the paramyxovirus accessory proteins has been uncovered. the p gene of the subfamily paramyxovirinae encodes accessory proteins including the v and/or c protein by means of pseudotemplated nucleotide addition (rna editing) or by overlapping open reading frame. the respirovirus (sendai virus and human parainfluenza virus (hpiv)3) and rubulavirus (simian virus (sv)5, sv41, mumps virus and hpiv2) circumvent the interferon (ifn) response by inhibiting ifn signaling. the responsible gen ... | 2001 | 11838896 |
| the paramyxovirus sv5 v protein binds two atoms of zinc and is a structural component of virions. | the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) cysteine-rich v protein has been shown to be a virus structural protein by analysis of the polypeptides of purified sv5 virions. in addition, the v protein has been identified as a component of the virus nucleocapsid core both by the analysis of the polypeptides present in radioactively labeled preparations of purified nucleocapsids and by immunoelectron microscopy. quantitative autoradiography was used to determine that there are approximately 350 molecule ... | 1995 | 11831692 |
| alteration of sendai virus morphogenesis and nucleocapsid incorporation due to mutation of cysteine residues of the matrix protein. | the matrix (m) protein of sendai virus (sev) has five cysteine residues, at positions 83, 106, 158, 251, and 295. to determine the roles of the cysteine residues in viral assembly, we generated mutant m cdna possessing a substitution to serine at one of the cysteine residues or at all of the cysteine residues. some mutant m proteins were unstable when expressed in cultured cells, suggesting that cysteine residues affect protein stability, probably by disrupting the proper conformation. in an att ... | 2002 | 11799163 |
| pre-emptive oral ribavirin therapy of paramyxovirus infections after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a pilot study. | infections with the paramyxoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus (piv) can result in serious morbidity and mortality after haemopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct). once pneumonia develops, the outcome of these infections is often poor despite anti-viral therapy. aerosolised ribavirin has been evaluated as pre-emptive therapy for post-transplant rsv infections with some success. due to the financial and logistic burden involved with the use of aerosolised ribavirin, ... | 2001 | 11781627 |
| [a study on the relationship between viral infections and asthma in adults]. | to study the relationship between viral infections and asthma in adults, and the mechanism that viruses lead asthma. | 2000 | 11778527 |
| mucosal immunization of rhesus monkeys against respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b and human parainfluenza virus type 3 by using a live cdna-derived vaccine based on a host range-attenuated bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 vector backbone. | reverse genetics was used to develop a two-component, trivalent live attenuated vaccine against human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subgroups a and b. the backbone for each of the two components of this vaccine was the attenuated recombinant bovine/human piv3 (rb/hpiv3), a recombinant bpiv3 in which the bovine hn and f protective antigens are replaced by their hpiv3 counterparts (48). this chimera retains the well-characterized host range attenuation ph ... | 2002 | 11773385 |
| piv-3 vaccine national institutes of health/aviron. | wyeth-lederle, aviron and nih are developing a live intranasal parainfluenza virus (piv) type 3 vaccine (cp45 vaccine). the vaccine is in phase ii/iii trials with aviron [411386], and phase i trials with wyeth-lederle [408940]. it consists of a temperature-sensitive piv-3 virus attenuated with an imported l gene mutation. this addition renders the virus 5-fold more restricted for replication in the respiratory tract of chimpanzees and also more temperature-sensitive [336999]. | 2001 | 11757785 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of respiratory virus infections for directed antiviral treatment using r-mix cultures. | the development of new anti-influenza drugs has led to concerns regarding the impact on healthcare costs if they are used indiscriminately. restricting their use to proven influenza virus infections has the potential to overcome costly inappropriate therapy. however, conventional culture (cc) does not generate results quickly enough to facilitate the timely initiation of treatment, and rapid detection tests have suboptimal sensitivity. we therefore investigated a new rapid culture system (r-mix) ... | 2002 | 11744435 |
| effects of paramyxoviral infection on airway epithelial cell foxj1 expression, ciliogenesis, and mucociliary function. | to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the association between respiratory viral infection and predisposition to subsequent bacterial infection, we used in vivo and in vitro models and human samples to characterize respiratory virus-induced changes in airway epithelial cell morphology, gene expression, and mucociliary function. mouse paramyxoviral bronchitis resulted in airway epithelial cell infection and a distinct pattern of epithelial cell morphology changes and altered expression of t ... | 2001 | 11733356 |
| contribution of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 hn-receptor interaction to pathogenesis in vivo. | the envelope of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpf3) contains two viral glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein and the fusion (f) protein. in a previous study, highly fusogenic variant hpf3 viruses were isolated, including two, c-0 and c-22, that exhibit increased avidity for sialic acid receptors due to single amino acid changes in the hn protein and one, c-28, that has decreased neuraminidase activity relative to that of the wild type (wt) and is delayed in the release ... | 2001 | 11711635 |
| the immunology of the bovine respiratory disease complex. | the bovine respiratory disease complex continues to be an economically important syndrome in an era when immunologic control is likely to become increasingly important. recent studies have yielded a better understanding of the interaction, at the molecular level, of various pathogens with the bovine immune system. improved challenge models for important viral pathogens such as bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus have provided evidence of the efficacy of immune resp ... | 2001 | 11692507 |
| respiratory virus infections in adult t cell-depleted transplant recipients: the role of cellular immunity. | little is known about the role of cellular immunity in respiratory virus infections after bone marrow transplantation. | 2001 | 11685123 |
| pig paramyxovirus of the blue eye disease binding to a 116 kda glycoprotein expressed in pig neuronal membranes. | pig paramyxovirus of the blue eye disease (ppbed) is a novel member of the paramyxoviridac family which infects pigs. in neonatal pigs it causes neurological damage, whereas in adult pigs it affects the reproductive function. as ppbed damages the new-born pig central nervous system (cns), it is important to study whether ppbed binds to the membrane proteins of all brain tissue, or selectively binds to neuronal tissue of the brain stem, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, cerebellum, frontal, temporal a ... | 2001 | 11666031 |
| electrophysiological and morphological alterations in peripheral nerves by the pig paramyxovirus of blue eye disease in neonatal pigs. | the pig paramyxovirus of blue eye disease (ppbed) produces central nervous system (cns) damage leading to death in piglets. however, when ppbed was injected into the muscle and came into contact with hind limb peripheral nerves and was transported to the cns, it did not cause death and could be a mechanism by which to induce protection. this study analyses whether ppbed causes electrophysiological and morphological alterations in infected hind limb peripheral nerves. it also studies, whether ppb ... | 2001 | 11666030 |
| molecular evolution of viral fusion and matrix protein genes and phylogenetic relationships among the paramyxoviridae. | phylogenetic relationships among the paramyxoviridae, a broad family of viruses whose members cause devastating diseases of wildlife, livestock, and humans, were examined with both fusion (f) and matrix (m) protein-coding sequences. neighbor-joining trees of f and m protein sequences showed that the paramyxoviridae was divided into the two traditionally recognized subfamilies, the paramyxovirinae and the pneumovirinae. within the paramyxovirinae, the results also showed groups corresponding to t ... | 2001 | 11603943 |
| outbreak of human parainfluenza virus 3 infections in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant population. | clinical manifestations and epidemiological features are described for a cluster of 12 cases of human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) infection that occurred among 64 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (sct) recipients in an 11-week period during spring 2000. upper respiratory symptoms predominated. pneumonia occurred in 3 patients and was a contributing factor in the death of 1 patient. exposure histories and molecular analysis of hpiv3 isolates suggested that both community acquired a ... | 2001 | 11598830 |
| identification and molecular characterization of 18 paramyxoviruses isolated from snakes. | viral agents from 18 different snake species (families colubridae, viperidae, and crotalidae) showing respiratory symptoms and neuronal disease were identified as paramyxoviruses by typical cytopathogenic effect (cpe), electron microscopy, and hemagglutination inhibition. detailed molecular characterization of the viruses was performed by partial l- and f-gene-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and sequencing, nucleotide and amino acid sequence alignment, and phylo ... | 2001 | 11597749 |
| characterisation of myogenic cell membrane: ii. dynamic changes in membrane lipids during the differentiation of mouse c2 myoblast cells. | proliferating mouse c2 myoblast cells resist haemagglutinating virus of japan, sendai virus (hvj) mediated cell fusion. however, differentiating c2 cells can be induced to fuse by hvj, suggesting that the rigid membrane of c2 cells changes during the differentiation. to investigate this phenomenon, changes in membrane lipids which affect fluidity were examined. membrane cholesterol gradually decreased with the differentiation of c2 cells. however, spontaneous fusion to form myotubes and artifici ... | 2001 | 11589611 |
| a decrease in sendai virus infection potency by interactions with cationic thermo-responsive polymers. | three types of synthetic cationic polymers were incubated with sendai virus (hvj), and virus infection of rhesus monkey kidney cells, llcmk2, was measured by the plaque assay method. one composition poly(n-isopropylacrylamide-co-n,n-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide-co-butylmethacrylate) of (p(ip-27da-16bm)) showed substantial decreases in the infection potency of the virus over a wide range of polymer concentrations. this polymer expressed a significant virus titer decrease even at a very low conc ... | 2001 | 11587040 |
| uncertainty in the management of viral lower respiratory tract disease. | 2001 | 11581456 | |
| a chimeric human-bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 expressing measles virus hemagglutinin is attenuated for replication but is still immunogenic in rhesus monkeys. | the chimeric recombinant virus rhpiv3-n(b), a version of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) that is attenuated due to the presence of the bovine piv3 nucleocapsid (n) protein open reading frame (orf) in place of the hpiv3 orf, was modified to encode the measles virus hemagglutinin (ha) inserted as an additional, supernumerary gene between the hpiv3 p and m genes. this recombinant, designated rhpiv3-n(b)ha, replicated like its attenuated rhpiv3-n(b) parent virus in vitro and in the upper an ... | 2001 | 11581420 |
| a novel cd8-independent high-avidity cytotoxic t-lymphocyte response directed against an epitope in the phosphoprotein of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5. | adoptive transfer studies have shown that cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) of high avidity, capable of recognizing low levels of peptide-mhc i molecules, are more efficient at reducing viral titers than are low-avidity ctl, thus establishing ctl avidity as a critical parameter for the ability of a ctl to clear virus in vivo. it has been well documented that ctl of high avidity are relatively cd8 independent, whereas low-avidity ctl require cd8 engagement in order to become activated. in this study ... | 2001 | 11581375 |
| paramyxovirus infection in pigs with interstitial pneumonia and encephalitis in the united states. | in the last few years, newly recognized paramyxoviruses have been associated with severe disease in several animal species, including swine, as well as in human beings. recently, a paramyxovirus was isolated from a swine herd in the northcentral united states that experienced an epizootic of respiratory and central nervous system disease. affected pigs had interstitial pneumonia with necrotizing bronchiolitis and encephalitis characterized by lymphocytic perivasculitis and diffuse gliosis. germ- ... | 2001 | 11580068 |
| persistence of escherichia coli, salmonella choleraesuis, aujeszky's disease virus and blue eye disease virus in ensilages based on the solid fraction of pig faeces. | this study was carried out to determine the survival time of escherichia coli, salmonella choleraesuis, aujeszky's disease virus and blue eye disease virus in ensilages based on the solid fraction of pig faeces. | 2001 | 11576313 |
| acute laryngotracheitis in the rat induced by sendai virus: the influx of six different types of immunocompetent cells into the laryngeal mucosa differs strongly between the subglottic and the glottic compartment. | acute laryngotracheitis is a disease in which mainly the subglottic area is infected, whereas adjacent parts of the larynx, especially the narrow glottic fold, remain unaffected. the reason for the difference between these two directly adjacent regions is unknown. therefore, in the present study the influx of dendritic cells, neutrophils, t and b lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages into the mucosa of different laryngeal compartments was investigated after sendai virus infection in ... | 2001 | 11568621 |
| overexpression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist provides cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with reduction in apoptosis. | interleukin-1 (il-1) plays a role in mediating acute inflammation during ischemia-reperfusion (i/r) injury in the heart, which leads to both necrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. il-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) is known to inhibit the effects of il-1alpha and il-1beta, resulting in attenuated inflammatory injury, and to protect cells from il-1beta-induced apoptosis in vitro. we hypothesized that il-1ra overexpression would provide cardioprotection by reducing inflammation-mediated myocardi ... | 2001 | 11568074 |
| heat shock protein 70 gene transfection protects mitochondrial and ventricular function against ischemia-reperfusion injury. | upregulation of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) is beneficial in cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, but the mechanism of action is unclear. we studied the role of hsp70 overexpression through gene therapy on mitochondrial function and ventricular recovery in a protocol that mimics clinical donor heart preservation. | 2001 | 11568073 |
| sendai virus wild-type and mutant c proteins show a direct correlation between l polymerase binding and inhibition of viral rna synthesis. | the sendai virus c proteins, c', c, y1, and y2, are a nested set of four independently initiated carboxy-coterminal proteins encoded on the p mrna from an alternate reading frame. together the c proteins have been shown to inhibit viral transcription and replication in vivo and in vitro and c' binds the sendai virus l protein, the presumed catalytic subunit of the viral rna polymerase. to identify amino acids within the c' protein that are important for binding l, site-directed mutagenesis of th ... | 2001 | 11543662 |
| recognition of viral hemagglutinins by nkp44 but not by nkp30. | natural killer (nk) cells destroy virus-infected and tumor cells without prior antigen stimulation. the nk cell cytotoxicity is regulated in large part by the expression of nk cell receptors that are able to bind major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i glycoproteins. nk cells also express lysis triggering receptors specific for non-mhc ligands, including nkp30, nkp44, nkp46 and cd16. however, the nature of their ligands, recognized on target cells, is undefined. we have recently shown tha ... | 2001 | 11536166 |
| chimeric bovine respiratory syncytial virus with attachment and fusion glycoproteins replaced by bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion proteins. | chimeric bovine respiratory syncytial viruses (brsv) expressing glycoproteins of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv-3) instead of brsv glycoproteins were generated from cdna. in the brsv antigenome cdna, the open reading frames of the major brsv glycoproteins, attachment protein g and fusion protein f, were replaced individually or together by those of the bpiv-3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and/or fusion (f) glycoproteins. recombinant virus could not be recovered from cdna when the brs ... | 2001 | 11533200 |
| skeletal muscle regeneration after insulin-like growth factor i gene transfer by recombinant sendai virus vector. | we scrutinized the applicability and efficacy of sendai virus (sev) vectors expressing either lacz or human insulin-like growth factor-i (higf-i) in gene transfer into skeletal muscle. seven days after the intramuscular injection of lacz/sev x-gal labeled myofibers were demonstrated in rat anterior tibialis muscle with/without bupivacaine treatment and the transgene expression persisted up to 1 month after injection. recombinant higf-i was detected as a major protein species in culture supernata ... | 2001 | 11526451 |
| multiplication of viruses in burkitt lymphoma cells. | 1970 | 11515444 | |
| pulmonary tumors in germfree mice: induction with urethan. | 1970 | 11515033 | |
| antibody responses to bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) vaccination and human piv3 infection in young infants. | a phase 2 clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the antibody responses to bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) vaccination in young infants. three groups were tested as follows: placebo (n=66) and 10(5) (n=64) or 10(6) (n=62) tcid(50) of bpiv3. the vaccine or placebo was administered intranasally at ages 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months, and serum specimens were collected at ages 2, 6, 7, 12-15, and 13-16 months. serum hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and iga antibody titers against bpiv3 and h ... | 2001 | 11509996 |
| gene therapy for preventing neuronal death using hepatocyte growth factor: in vivo gene transfer of hgf to subarachnoid space prevents delayed neuronal death in gerbil hippocampal ca1 neurons. | to develop a novel strategy to prevent delayed neuronal death (dnd) following transient occlusion of arteries, the gene of hepatocyte growth factor (hgf), a novel neurotrophic factor, was transfected into the subarachnoid space of gerbils after transient forebrain ischemia. importantly, transfection of hgf gene into the subarachnoid space prevented dnd, accompanied by a significant increase in hgf in the cerebrospinal fluid. prevention of dnd by hgf is due to the inhibition of apoptosis through ... | 2001 | 11509947 |
| coordination of a transcriptional switch by hmgi(y) acetylation. | dynamic control of interferon-beta (ifn-beta) gene expression requires the regulated assembly and disassembly of the enhanceosome, a higher-order nucleoprotein complex formed in response to virus infection. the enhanceosome activates transcription by recruiting the histone acetyltransferase proteins creb binding protein (cbp) and p300/cbp-associated factors (pcaf)/gcn5, which, in addition to modifying histones, acetylate hmgi(y), the architectural component required for enhanceosome assembly. we ... | 2001 | 11498590 |