Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| are atypical lymphocytes present with viral influenza-like illnesses (ilis) in hospitalized adults? | the purpose of this investigation was to determine if atypical lymphocytes were of diagnostic value in viral influenza-like illnesses (ilis) in hospitalized adults during the influenza season. are atypical lymphocytes present with viral ilis in hospitalized adults? during the influenza season, hospitals are inundated with influenza and viral ilis, e.g., human parainfluenza virus-3 (hpiv-3). without specific testing, clinically, it is difficult to differentiate influenza from ilis, and surrogate ... | 2016 | 27250631 |
| live attenuated influenza vaccine in children induces b-cell responses in tonsils. | tonsils play a key role in eliciting immune responses against respiratory pathogens. little is known about how tonsils contribute to the local immune response after intranasal vaccination. here, we uniquely report the mucosal humoral responses in tonsils and saliva after intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) vaccination in children. | 2016 | 27247344 |
| evaluation of the immunogenicity and protective effects of a trivalent chimeric norovirus p particle immunogen displaying influenza ha2 from subtypes h1, h3 and b. | the ectodomain of the influenza a virus (iav) hemagglutinin (ha) stem is highly conserved across strains and has shown promise as a universal influenza vaccine in a mouse model. in this study, potential b-cell epitopes were found through sequence alignment and epitope prediction in a stem fragment, ha2:90-105, which is highly conserved among virus subtypes h1, h3 and b. a norovirus (nov) p particle platform was used to express the ha2:90-105 sequences from subtypes h1, h3 and b in loops 1, 2 and ... | 2016 | 27222326 |
| enhanced catalytic activity of gold nanoparticle-carbon nanotube hybrids for influenza virus detection. | multifunctional nanohybrids have created new and valuable opportunities for a wide range of catalysis and biotechnology applications. here, we present a relatively simple method for producing nanohybrids composed of gold nanoparticles (au nps) and carbon nanotubes (cnts) that does not require an acidic pre-treatment of the cnts. transmission electron microscopy (tem) images and ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis) spectra revealed that au nps bonded to the cnt surface. surface-enhanced raman scattering ... | 2016 | 27209577 |
| drug-resistant and genetic evolutionary analysis of influenza virus from patients during the 2013 and 2014 influenza season in beijing. | the study aimed to analyze drug resistance and mutations and genetic evolution of influenza a and influenza b viruses during the 2013 and 2014 influenza season in beijing, china. rna was extracted from pharyngeal or nasal swabs of 28 patients, and determination of influenza genotypes was performed by using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. influenza a virus samples were sequenced with the neuraminidase (na) gene and m2 matrix protein gene to determine the na inhibitor (n ... | 2017 | 27203354 |
| epidemiology of hospital admissions with influenza during the 2013/2014 northern hemisphere influenza season: results from the global influenza hospital surveillance network. | the global influenza hospital surveillance network was established in 2012 to obtain valid epidemiologic data on hospital admissions with influenza-like illness. here we describe the epidemiology of admissions with influenza within the northern hemisphere sites during the 2013/2014 influenza season, identify risk factors for severe outcomes and complications, and assess the impact of different influenza viruses on clinically relevant outcomes in at-risk populations. | 2016 | 27196667 |
| enhanced genetic characterization of influenza a(h3n2) viruses and vaccine effectiveness by genetic group, 2014-2015. | during the 2014-2015 us influenza season, expanded genetic characterization of circulating influenza a(h3n2) viruses was used to assess the impact of the genetic variability of influenza a(h3n2) viruses on influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve). | 2016 | 27190176 |
| phylodynamics with migration: a computational framework to quantify population structure from genomic data. | when viruses spread, outbreaks can be spawned in previously unaffected regions. depending on the time and mode of introduction, each regional outbreak can have its own epidemic dynamics. the migration and phylodynamic processes are often intertwined and need to be taken into account when analyzing temporally and spatially structured virus data. in this article, we present a fully probabilistic approach for the joint reconstruction of phylodynamic history in structured populations (such as geogra ... | 2016 | 27189573 |
| co-delivery of gpi-anchored ccl28 and influenza ha in chimeric virus-like particles induces cross-protective immunity against h3n2 viruses. | influenza infection typically initiates at respiratory mucosal surfaces. induction of immune responses at the sites where pathogens initiate replication is crucial for the prevention of infection. we studied the adjuvanticity of gpi-anchored ccl28 co-incorporated with influenza ha-antigens in chimeric virus-like particles (cvlps), in boosting strong protective immune responses through an intranasal (i.n.) route in mice. we compared the immune responses to that from influenza vlps without ccl28, ... | 2016 | 27178810 |
| first documented case of influenza a (h3n2 subtype) infection in a patient with complete interferon gamma receptor 1 deficiency: a call for systemic vaccination strategies. | 2016 | 27171582 | |
| microrna regulation of human genes essential for influenza a (h7n9) replication. | influenza a viruses are important pathogens of humans and animals. while seasonal influenza viruses infect humans every year, occasionally animal-origin viruses emerge to cause pandemics with significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates. in march 2013, the public health authorities of china reported three cases of laboratory confirmed human infection with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus, and subsequently there have been many cases reported across south east asia and recently in north americ ... | 2016 | 27166678 |
| enhanced replication of avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza virus in eggs, cell cultures and mice by a two-amino acid insertion in neuraminidase stalk. | canine influenza virus (civ) is a newly identified, highly contagious respiratory pathogen in dogs. recent studies indicate that avian-origin h3n2 civ are circulating in chinese dogs. to investigate the effects of a two-amino acid (2-aa) insertion naturally occurring at the distal end of the neuraminidase (na) stalk found in chinese isolates since 2010 on virus replication and virulence, we rescued the civ strain, a/canine/jiangsu/06/2011(h3n2) and its na mutant without the 2-aa insertion using ... | 2016 | 27160077 |
| seasonal influenza a/h3n2 virus infection and il-1β, il-10, il-17, and il-28 polymorphisms in iranian population. | increased blood cytokines is the main immunopathological process that were attributed to severe clinical outcomes in cases of influenza a/h3n2 virus infection. the study was aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of il-1β, il-10, il-17, and il-28 genes to find the possibility of their association with the clinical outcome of influenza a/h3n2 virus infection among the infected patients in iran. this is a case-control study in which influenza a/h3n2 virus positive confirmed with real-time pcr were ... | 2016 | 27155288 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness in italy: age, subtype-specific and vaccine type estimates 2014/15 season. | the 2014/15 influenza season in europe was characterised by the circulation of influenza a(h3n2) viruses with an antigenic and genetic mismatch from the vaccine strain a/texas/50/2012(h3n2) recommended for the northern hemisphere for the 2014/15 season. italy, differently from other eu countries where most of the subtyped influenza a viruses were h3n2, experienced a 2014/15 season characterized by an extended circulation of two influenza viruses: a(h1n1)pdm09 and a(h3n2), that both contributed s ... | 2016 | 27154392 |
| predac-h3: a user-friendly platform for antigenic surveillance of human influenza a(h3n2) virus based on hemagglutinin sequences. | timely surveillance of the antigenic dynamics of the influenza virus is critical for accurate selection of vaccine strains, which is important for effective prevention of viral spread and infection. | 2016 | 27153622 |
| characterization of influenza activity based on virological surveillance of influenza-like illness in tropical singapore, 2010-2014. | singapore is situated in the tropics where the seasonality of influenza is not as well defined as that of temperate countries. we examined the circulation of influenza viruses in the community in terms of the characteristics of influenza activity. we reviewed laboratory-confirmed virological data collected between 2010 and 2014 under the national influenza surveillance programme. influenza activity was measured by the proportion of specimens from outpatients with influenza-like illness tested po ... | 2016 | 27152935 |
| detection and typing of human-infecting influenza viruses in china by using a multiplex dna biochip assay. | rapid identification of the infections of specific subtypes of influenza viruses is critical for patient treatment and pandemic control. here we report the application of multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) coupled with membrane-based dna biochip to the detection and discrimination of the type (a and b) and subtype (human h1n1, human h3n2, avian h5n1 and avian h7n9) of influenza viruses in circulation in china. a multiplex one-step rt-pcr assay was designed to simu ... | 2016 | 27150046 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of hemagglutinin of influenza a/h3n2 virus from the 2015 season in thailand. | antigenic changes in the ha1 domain of the influenza a/h3n2 hemagglutinin (ha) present a challenge in the design of the annual influenza vaccine. we examined the genetic variability in the nucleotide and amino acid of encoding ha1 sequences of the influenza a/h3n2 virus during the 2015 influenza season in thailand. toward this, the ha genes of 45 influenza a/h3n2 strains were amplified and sequenced. although a clade 3c.3a strain (a/switzerland/9715293/2013) was chosen for the 2015 vaccine, phyl ... | 2016 | 27146171 |
| analysis of the beta-propiolactone sensitivity and optimization of inactivation methods for human influenza h3n2 virus. | beta-propiolactone (bpl) is used as an inactivating reagent for influenza virus in a number of countries. however, the treatment of viruses with bpl occasionally results in a decrease in the hemagglutinin (ha) titer, which complicates vaccine development. in the present study, we examined the biological and biochemical characteristics of human h1n1 and h3n2 viruses treated with bpl, and developed an inactivation method for bpl-sensitive viruses. a significant decrease in ha titer was detected in ... | 2016 | 27142111 |
| virulence of a novel reassortant canine h3n2 influenza virus in ferret, dog and mouse models. | an outbreak of a canine influenza virus (civ) h3n2 reassortant derived from pandemic (pdm) h1n1 and civ h3n2 in companion animals has underscored the urgent need to monitor civ infections for potential zoonotic transmission of influenza viruses to humans. in this study, we assessed the virulence of a novel civ h3n2 reassortant, vc378, which was obtained from a dog that was coinfected with pdm h1n1 and civ h3n2, in ferrets, dogs, and mice. significantly enhanced virulence of vc378 was demonstrate ... | 2016 | 27138550 |
| virological characteristics of the 2014/2015 influenza season based on molecular analysis of biological material derived from i-move study. | the main goal of the international study i-move (influenza monitoring of vaccine effectiveness) implemented in poland is to identify and evaluate the activity types of influenza virus and to determine the effectiveness of vaccination against influenza in the 2014-2015 influenza season. the study is based on selecting patients with flu symptoms and collecting biological samples for laboratory examination. detection, typing, and subtyping of influenza viruses were carried out by the national cente ... | 2016 | 27131497 |
| concordance of interim and final estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review. | the world health organization's global influenza surveillance and response system meets twice a year to generate a recommendation for the composition of the seasonal influenza vaccine. interim vaccine effectiveness (ve) estimates provide a preliminary indication of influenza vaccine performance during the season and may be useful for decision making. we reviewed 17 pairs of studies reporting 33 pairs of interim and final estimates using the test-negative design to evaluate whether interim estima ... | 2016 | 27124573 |
| i-move multicentre case-control study 2010/11 to 2014/15: is there within-season waning of influenza type/subtype vaccine effectiveness with increasing time since vaccination? | since the 2008/9 influenza season, the i-move multicentre case-control study measures influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) against medically-attended influenza-like-illness (ili) laboratory confirmed as influenza. in 2011/12, european studies reported a decline in ve against influenza a(h3n2) within the season. using combined i-move data from 2010/11 to 2014/15 we studied the effects of time since vaccination on influenza type/subtype-specific ve. we modelled influenza type/subtype-specific ve b ... | 2016 | 27124420 |
| pandemic vaccination strategies and influenza severe outcomes during the influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 pandemic and the post-pandemic influenza season: the nordic experience. | during the 2009/10 influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 pandemic, the five nordic countries adopted different approaches to pandemic vaccination. we compared pandemic vaccination strategies and severe influenza outcomes, in seasons 2009/10 and 2010/11 in these countries with similar influenza surveillance systems. we calculated the cumulative pandemic vaccination coverage in 2009/10 and cumulative incidence rates of laboratory confirmed a(h1n1)pdm09 infections, intensive care unit (icu) admissions and deaths ... | 2016 | 27123691 |
| seasonal influenza vaccine (a/new york/39/2012) effectiveness against influenza a virus of health care workers in a long term care facility attached with the hospital, japan, 2014/15: a cohort study. | the 2014/15 influenza season started earlier than usual, and intense activity was reflection of circulation of antigenically-drifted and vaccine-mismatched dominant a(h3n2) viruses. although inpatients and health-care workers (hcws) had a high influenza vaccination coverage rate well prior to the beginning of influenza season, numerous outbreaks of influenza a(h3n2) infection with fatal cases were reported in long-term care facilities (ltcfs) in japan during 2014/15 influenza season. in january ... | 2016 | 27118211 |
| antigen nature and complexity influence human antibody light chain usage and specificity. | human antibodies consist of a heavy chain and one of two possible light chains, kappa (κ) or lambda (λ). here we tested how these two possible light chains influence the overall antibody response to polysaccharide and protein antigens by measuring light chain usage in human monoclonal antibodies from antibody secreting cells obtained following vaccination with pneumovax23. remarkably, we found that individuals displayed restricted light chain usage to certain serotypes and that lambda antibodies ... | 2016 | 27113164 |
| the avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza virus that recently emerged in the united states has limited replication in swine. | equine-origin h3n8 has circulated in dogs in the united states since 1999. a genetically and antigenically distinct avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza was detected in march of 2015 in chicago, illinois. subsequent outbreaks were reported with over 1000 dogs in the midwest affected followed by 23 additional states with detections within 5 months. the potential for canine-to-swine transmission was unknown. experimental infection in pigs showed this virus does not replicate efficiently in swine. | 2016 | 27110913 |
| factors associated with poor outcomes among adults hospitalized for influenza in france: a three-year prospective multicenter study. | influenza is an important cause of serious illness and death, particularly in elderly and high-risk groups. | 2016 | 27105315 |
| a point mutation in the polymerase protein pb2 allows a reassortant h9n2 influenza isolate of wild-bird origin to replicate in human cells. | h9n2 influenza a viruses are on the list of potentially pandemic subtypes. therefore, it is important to understand how genomic reassortment and genetic polymorphisms affect phenotypes of h9n2 viruses circulating in the wild bird reservoir. a comparative genetic analysis of north american h9n2 isolates of wild bird origin identified a naturally occurring reassortant virus containing gene segments derived from both north american and eurasian lineage ancestors. the pb2 segment of this virus encod ... | 2016 | 27101787 |
| construction high-yield candidate influenza vaccine viruses in vero cells by reassortment. | usage of influenza vaccine is the best choice measure for preventing and conclusion of influenza virus infection. although it has been used of chicken embryo to produce influenza vaccine, following with who recommended vaccine strain, there were uncontrollable factors and its deficiencies, specially, during an influenza pandemic in the world. the vero cells are used for vaccine production of a few strains including influenza virus, because of its homology with human, recommended by who. however, ... | 2016 | 27101353 |
| [development of a real-time reverse transcription pcr assay system for detection of three subtypes of influenza a and influenza b viruses]. | we developed the initial real-time reverse transcription pcr assay system for seasonal influenza viruses in 2011. this prototype assay system could detect and identify specific influenza a virus subtypes[h1n1, h3n2 and (h1n1) pdm09] and influenza b virus. in the 2012-2013 season, our prototype pcr assay didn't work well because of point mutations occurred in the neuraminidase (na) gene of the a (h3n2) strain. we improved the prototype assay by changing the target gene for a (h3n2) strain (2013 i ... | 2015 | 27089652 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing hospitalizations with laboratory-confirmed influenza in greece during the 2014-2015 season: a test-negative study. | the 2014-2015 influenza season was marked by circulation of antigenically drifted a/h3n2 strains, raising the possibility of low seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve). we assessed ve against hospitalization with laboratory-confirmed influenza for the 2014-2015 season, using routine surveillance data. non-sentinel swab samples from greek hospital inpatients were tested for influenza by rt-pcr in three laboratories, covering the entire country. we estimated ve using a test-negative design. ... | 2016 | 27088266 |
| hemagglutinin of influenza a virus binds specifically to cell surface nucleolin and plays a role in virus internalization. | the hemagglutinin (ha) protein of influenza a virus initiates cell entry by binding to sialic acids on target cells. in the current study, we demonstrated that in addition to sialic acids, influenza a/puerto rico/8/34 h1n1 (pr8) virus ha specifically binds to cell surface nucleolin (ncl). the interaction between ha and ncl was initially revealed with virus overlay protein binding assay (vopba) and subsequently verified with co-immunoprecipitation. importantly, inhibiting cell surface ncl with nc ... | 2016 | 27085069 |
| bioinformatics studies of influenza a hemagglutinin sequence data indicate recombination-like events leading to segment exchanges. | the influenza genome is highly variable due primarily to two mechanisms: antigenic drift and antigenic shift. a third mechanism for genetic change, known as copy choice or template switching, can arise during replication when, if two viral strains infect a cell, a part of a gene from the second viral strain can be copied into the growing progeny of a gene of the first viral strain as replacement leading to a new variety of the virus. this template switching between the same genes of the two stra ... | 2016 | 27083561 |
| prolonged intermittent virus shedding during an outbreak of canine influenza a h3n2 virus infection in dogs in three chicago area shelters: 16 cases (march to may 2015). | objective to estimate an appropriate isolation period for dogs infected with canine influenza a h3n2 virus on the basis of the duration of virus shedding. design retrospective case series. animals 16 dogs, from 3 chicago area shelters, naturally infected with canine influenza a h3n2 virus. procedures medical records of 16 affected dogs were reviewed. nasal swab specimens from each dog had been tested periodically for a minimum of 15 days following an initial positive real-time reverse transcript ... | 2016 | 27074610 |
| long-lasting cross-protection against influenza a by neuraminidase and m2e-based immunization strategies. | there is mounting evidence that in the absence of neutralizing antibodies cross-reactive t cells provide protection against pandemic influenza viruses. here, we compared protection and cd8+ t cell responses following challenge with h1n1 2009 pandemic and h3n2 viruses of mice that had been immunized with hemagglutinin (ha), neuraminidase (na) and the extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (m2e) fused to a virus-like particle (vlp). mice were challenged a first time with a sublethal dose of h1n1 ... | 2016 | 27072615 |
| moderate influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation with a(h3n2) and a(h1n1) influenza in 2013-14: results from the innhove network. | we conducted a multicentre test negative case control study to estimate the 2013-14 influenza vaccine effectiveness (ive) against hospitalised laboratory confirmed influenza in 12 hospitals in france, italy and spain. we included all ≥18 years hospitalised patients targeted by local influenza vaccination campaign reporting an influenza-like illness within 7 days before admission. we defined as cases patients rt-pcr positive for influenza and as controls those negative for all influenza virus. we ... | 2016 | 27065000 |
| protective immunity against homologous and heterologous influenza virus lethal challenge by immunization with new recombinant chimeric ha2-m2e fusion protein in balb/c mice. | influenza is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease. the error prone rna polymerase and segmented nature of the influenza a virus genome allow antigenic drift and shift, respectively. therefore, most influenza vaccines are inefficient along time and against different viral subtypes. in this study, for the first time, protection properties of a new recombinant fusion of ha2 and m2e peptides originated from influenza virus a/brisbane/59/2007-like (h1n1) in balb/c mice model were invest ... | 2016 | 27058011 |
| influenza neuraminidase subtype n1: immunobiological properties and functional assays for specific antibody response. | influenza neuraminidase (na) proteins expressed in tk- cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus carrying na gene of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus or 2009 pandemic h1n1 (h1n1pdm) virus were characterized for their biological properties, i.e., cell localization, molecular weight (mw), glycosylation and sialidase activity. immune sera collected from balb/c mice immunized with these recombinant viruses were assayed for binding and functional activities of anti-na antibodies. rec ... | 2016 | 27054879 |
| susceptibility of influenza viruses circulating in western saudi arabia to neuraminidase inhibitors. | to investigate the sensitivity of circulating influenza viruses in western saudi arabia to neuraminidase inhibitors (nais); mainly, zanamivir and oseltamivir. | 2016 | 27052292 |
| a novel m2e-multiple antigenic peptide providing heterologous protection in mice. | swine influenza viruses (swivs) cause considerable morbidity and mortality in domestic pigs, resulting in a significant economic burden. moreover, pigs have been considered to be a possible mixing vessel in which novel strains loom. here, we developed and evaluated a novel m2e-multiple antigenic peptide (m2e-map) as a supplemental antigen for inactivated h3n2 vaccine to provide cross-protection against two main subtypes of swivs, h1n1 and h3n2. the novel tetra-branched map was constructed by fus ... | 2016 | 27051342 |
| influenza a virus and influenza b virus can induce apoptosis via intrinsic or extrinsic pathways and also via nf-κb in a time and dose dependent manner. | influenza viruses are able to cause annual epidemics and pandemics due to their mutation rates and reassortment capabilities leading to antigenic shifts and drifts. to identify host response to influenza a and b viruses on a549 and mdck ii cells at low and high mois, expressions of mxa and caspases 3, 8, and 9 and bad, tnfα, and iκbα genes were measured in the cells supernatants. h1n1 and h3n2 prefer to initially enhance the intrinsic pathway, determined by higher caspase 9 activity in mdck ii c ... | 2016 | 27042352 |
| clinical and radiographic comparison of influenza virus-associated pneumonia among three viral subtypes. | presently, the predominant subtypes of influenza viruses in the world, except for those in local epidemics, include influenza pandemic h1n1 2009 (ph1n1), h3n2, and b viruses. there are few reports on the differences in the clinical features, radiographic findings, treatment, and outcomes of influenza virus-associated pneumonia among these three viral subtypes. the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the clinical features, radiographic findings, treatment, and outcomes differ among t ... | 2016 | 27041156 |
| [successful treatment of seasonal influenza a (h3n2) infection-related hemophagocytic lymphocytosis in an elderly man]. | a 79-year-old man experienced severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and was receiving treatment for ischemic heart disease. starting from dizziness and chilliness, he lost consciousness after few days. he was taken to our emergency department. on initial evaluation, he complained of dyspnea and was afebrile with a pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate of 105 beats/min, 112/98mmhg, and 28 breath/min, respectively. his respiratory sounds were clear and chest radiography di ... | 2016 | 27032178 |
| the dod global, laboratory-based, influenza surveillance program: summary for the 2013-2014 influenza season. | this report for the 2013-2014 influenza season summarizes the results of influenza surveillance carried out by the dod global, laboratory-based, influenza surveillance program, which is managed by the u.s. air force school of aerospace medicine epidemiology consult service and epidemiology laboratory at wright-patterson air force base, oh. sentinel sites submitted 3,903 specimens for clinical diagnostic testing and 1,163 (29.8%) were positive for influenza virus. the predominant influenza subtyp ... | 2016 | 27030925 |
| age at vaccination and timing of infection do not alter vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease in influenza a virus-infected pigs. | whole inactivated virus (wiv) vaccines are widely used in the swine industry to reduce clinical disease against homologous influenza a virus (iav) infection. in pigs experimentally challenged with antigenically distinct heterologous iav of the same hemagglutinin subtype, wiv vaccinates have been shown to develop vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (vaerd). we evaluated the impact of vaccine valency, age at vaccination, and duration between vaccination and challenge on the development ... | 2016 | 27030585 |
| post-pandemic seroprevalence of human influenza viruses in domestic cats. | the continuous exposure of cats to diverse influenza viruses raises the concern of a potential role of cats in the epidemiology of these viruses. our previous seroprevalence study of domestic cat sera collected during the 2009 h1n1 pandemic wave (september 2009-september 2010) revealed a high prevalence of pandemic h1n1, as well as seasonal h1n1 and h3n2 human flu virus infection (22.5%, 33.0%, and 43.5%, respectively). in this study, we extended the serosurvey of influenza viruses in cat sera c ... | 2016 | 27030198 |
| waning protection of influenza vaccine against mild laboratory confirmed influenza a(h3n2) and b in spain, season 2014-15. | the 2014/15 influenza season in spain was dominated by the circulation of drifted a(h3n2) and co-circulation of b viruses. we present the final estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (ive) against confirmed influenza a(h3n2) and b its evolution along the season and with time since vaccination. | 2016 | 27020713 |
| quantifying homologous and heterologous antibody titre rises after influenza virus infection. | most influenza virus infections are associated with mild disease. one approach to estimate the occurrence of influenza virus infections in individuals is via repeated measurement of humoral antibody titres. we used baseline and convalescent antibody titres measured by haemagglutination inhibition (hi) and viral neutralization (vn) assays against influenza a(h1n1), a(h3n2) and b viruses to investigate the characteristics of antibody rises following virologically confirmed influenza virus infectio ... | 2016 | 27018720 |
| genetic characterization of an ancestral strain of the avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza virus currently circulating in east asia. | h3n2 canine influenza virus emerged in south korea in 2007 and subsequently spread to china and thailand, causing epidemic or endemic respiratory diseases in dogs. through intermammalian species transmission, the virus has also infected cats. however, no direct evidence of significant genetic evolution has been reported since its first emergence. here, we describe in depth the genetic and molecular characteristics of the ancestral strain (i.e., the first virus isolate from south korea) of the h3 ... | 2016 | 27012241 |
| genetically diverse low pathogenicity avian influenza a virus subtypes co-circulate among poultry in bangladesh. | influenza virus surveillance, poultry outbreak investigations and genomic sequencing were assessed to understand the ecology and evolution of low pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) a viruses in bangladesh from 2007 to 2013. we analyzed 506 avian specimens collected from poultry in live bird markets and backyard flocks to identify influenza a viruses. virus isolation-positive specimens (n = 50) were subtyped and their coding-complete genomes were sequenced. the most frequently identified subtyp ... | 2016 | 27010791 |
| detection of influenza virus using peroxidase-mimic of gold nanoparticles. | a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with nanomaterials is an effective and powerful method to amplify the signal and reduce the cost of detecting and measuring trace biomarkers or proteins. in this study, an ultra-sensitive colorimetric immunoassay was designed, and its ability to detect influenza viruses using positively charged gold nanoparticles ((+)au nps) was assessed as a possible role for peroxidase-mimic inorganic enzymes. this method detected influenza virus a (h1n1) wi ... | 2016 | 27002303 |
| characterization of a novel h3n2 influenza virus isolated from domestic ducks in china. | cases of human infection with a novel h7n9 avian influenza virus (aiv) were first reported in march 2013, which caused 115 deaths within a single year. beyond that, other subtypes of h7 aiv were isolated from poultry in eastern china during the same period, including h7n7 and h7n2 aiv. in the present study, a subtype h3n2 aiv was isolated from ducks from anhui province, china. sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that seven gene segments of this virus showed the highest sequence homology ... | 2016 | 27000112 |
| a plant-derived quadrivalent virus like particle influenza vaccine induces cross-reactive antibody and t cell response in healthy adults. | recent issues regarding efficacy of influenza vaccines have re-emphasized the need of new approaches to face this major public health issue. in a phase 1-2 clinical trial, healthy adults received one intramuscular dose of a seasonal influenza plant-based quadrivalent virus-like particle (qvlp) vaccine or placebo. the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) titers met all the european licensure criteria for the type a influenza strains at the 3μg/strain dose and for all four strains at the higher dosage ... | 2016 | 26987887 |
| viral infections in children in the 2014/2015 epidemic season in poland. | in every epidemic season, viral infections affect the general population, including children, which is an underestimated issue. the present study demonstrates the results of examination of 802 clinical samples obtained from pediatric patients aged 0-14 years during the 2014/2015 epidemic season in poland. the study was part of the virological surveillance systems - sentinel and non-sentinel. a positive result for virological infection was obtained in 50.9 % of samples tested. the distribution of ... | 2016 | 26987329 |
| molecular characterization of a novel reassortant h1n2 influenza virus containing genes from the 2009 pandemic human h1n1 virus in swine from eastern china. | pandemic outbreaks of h1n1 swine influenza virus have been reported since 2009. reassortant h1n2 viruses that contain genes from the pandemic h1n1 virus have been isolated in italy and the united states. however, there is limited information regarding the molecular characteristics of reassortant h1n2 swine influenza viruses in eastern china. active influenza surveillance programs in zhejiang province identified a novel h1n2 influenza virus isolated from pigs displaying clinical signs of influenz ... | 2016 | 26980674 |
| cooperation between distinct viral variants promotes growth of h3n2 influenza in cell culture. | rna viruses rapidly diversify into quasispecies of related genotypes. this genetic diversity has long been known to facilitate adaptation, but recent studies have suggested that cooperation between variants might also increase population fitness. here, we demonstrate strong cooperation between two h3n2 influenza variants that differ by a single mutation at residue 151 in neuraminidase, which normally mediates viral exit from host cells. residue 151 is often annotated as an ambiguous amino acid i ... | 2016 | 26978794 |
| detailed report on 2014/15 influenza virus characteristics, and estimates on influenza virus vaccine effectiveness from austria's sentinel physician surveillance network. | influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) is influenced by the antigenic similarity between vaccine- and circulating strains. | 2016 | 26975056 |
| effects of egg-adaptation on receptor-binding and antigenic properties of recent influenza a (h3n2) vaccine viruses. | influenza a virus (subtype h3n2) causes seasonal human influenza and is included as a component of influenza vaccines. the majority of vaccine viruses are isolated and propagated in eggs, which commonly results in amino acid substitutions in the haemagglutinin (ha) glycoprotein. these substitutions can affect virus receptor-binding and alter virus antigenicity, thereby, obfuscating the choice of egg-propagated viruses for development into candidate vaccine viruses. to evaluate the effects of egg ... | 2016 | 26974849 |
| influenza vaccine manufacturing: effect of inactivation, splitting and site of manufacturing. comparison of influenza vaccine production processes. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different inactivation and splitting procedures on influenza vaccine product composition, stability and recovery to support transfer of process technology. four split and two whole inactivated virus (wiv) influenza vaccine bulks were produced and compared with respect to release criteria, stability of the bulk and haemagglutinin recovery. one clarified harvest of influenza h3n2 a/uruguay virus prepared on 25.000 fertilized eggs was divided equa ... | 2016 | 26959983 |
| antigenic drift of a/h3n2/virus and circulation of influenza-like viruses during the 2014/2015 influenza season in poland. | morbidity rates of influenza could be greatly reduced due to vaccination. however, the virus is able to evolve through genetic mutations, which is why vaccines with updated composition are necessary every season. their effectiveness depends on whether there is a good antigenic match between circulating viruses and vaccine strains. in poland, the 2014/2015 influenza epidemic started in week 5 (january/february) of 2015 and continued until week 17 (april) of 2015. the influenza activity was modera ... | 2016 | 26956457 |
| a novel small-molecule inhibitor of influenza a virus acts by suppressing pa endonuclease activity of the viral polymerase. | the rna-dependent rna polymerase of influenza a virus comprises conserved and independently-folded subdomains with defined functionalities. the n-terminal domain of the pa subunit (pa(n)) harbors the endonuclease function so that it can serve as a desired target for drug discovery. to identify a class of anti-influenza inhibitors that impedes pa(n) endonuclease activity, a screening approach that integrated the fluorescence resonance energy transfer based endonuclease inhibitory assay with the d ... | 2016 | 26956222 |
| induction of systemic and mucosal immunity and maintenance of its memory against influenza a virus by nasal vaccination using a new mucosal adjuvant sf-10 derived from pulmonary surfactant in young cynomolgus monkeys. | induction of systemic and mucosal immunity and maintenance of its memory was investigated in 12 young male cynomolgus monkeys after intranasal instillation of flu vaccine using a new mucosal adjuvant sf-10 derived from pulmonary surfactant constituents. split-product of influenza virus a/california/7/2009(h1n1)pdm hemagglutinin vaccine (hav) at 15 μg with or without sf-10 and the adjuvant alone were instilled intranasally three times every 2 weeks. sf-10-adjuvanted hav (sf-10-hav) elicited signi ... | 2016 | 26954466 |
| prediction, dynamics, and visualization of antigenic phenotypes of seasonal influenza viruses. | human seasonal influenza viruses evolve rapidly, enabling the virus population to evade immunity and reinfect previously infected individuals. antigenic properties are largely determined by the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha), and amino acid substitutions at exposed epitope sites in ha mediate loss of recognition by antibodies. here, we show that antigenic differences measured through serological assay data are well described by a sum of antigenic changes along the path connecting viruse ... | 2016 | 26951657 |
| [determination of influenza virus h5n1 and h7n9 using masa technology]. | to set up a new rapid method for the rapid determination of influenza virus h5n1 and h7n9 basing on the multi-analyte suspension array (masa) technology. sequence analysis and design of degenerate primers and specific probes were set in the comparison and analysis of h5, n1, h7 and n9 genes. in combination with masa technology, these primers and probes were used for the determination of samples of h5n1 and h7n9 and other subtypes ( h1n1, ph1n1, h5n2, h3n2 and h9n2). we developed a rapid determin ... | 2015 | 26951004 |
| high conservation level of cd8(+) t cell immunogenic regions within an unusual h1n2 human influenza variant. | current seasonal influenza vaccines require regular updates due to antigenic drift causing loss of effectiveness and therefore providing little or no protection against novel influenza a subtypes. next generation vaccines capable of eliciting cd8(+) t cell (ctl) mediated cross-protective immunity may offer a long-term alternative strategy. however, measuring pre- and existing levels of ctl cross-protection in humans is confounded by differences in infection histories across individuals. during 2 ... | 2016 | 26950895 |
| vaccination with 2014-15 seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine elicits cross-reactive anti-ha antibodies with strong adcc against antigenically drifted circulating h3n2 virus in humans. | it is well established that virus neutralizing (vn) antibodies to hemagglutinin (ha) antigens of influenza a viruses provide optimal protection against antigenically matched strains of influenza a viruses. in contrast, little is known about the potential role of ha-specific, non-neutralizing antibodies in protection against human influenza illness at present. in this study, we show that individuals vaccinated with the 2014-15 seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine displayed strong a/h3n2 ha-spec ... | 2016 | 26950058 |
| serological survey for emerging canine h3n8 and h3n2 influenza viruses in pet and village dogs in nigeria. | in nigeria, keeping of dogs as pets and guards is gaining popularity. to determine whether infection of dogs with novel canine influenza virus (civ) of equine (h3n8) and avian (h3n2) origins had occurred in nigeria, we screened pet and village dogs from lagos, ibadan, odeda and sagamu in southwestern nigeria for antibodies to civ h3n8 and h3n2. | 2014 | 26949788 |
| comparison between mdck and mdck-siat1 cell lines as preferred host for cell culture-based influenza vaccine production. | to evaluate mdck and mdck-siat1 cell lines for their ability to produce the yield of influenza virus in different multiplicities of infection. | 2016 | 26945752 |
| virological surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses during six consecutive seasons from 2006 to 2012 in catalonia, spain. | most attention is given to seasonal influenza and respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks, but the cumulative burden caused by other respiratory viruses (rv) is not widely considered. the aim of the present study is to describe the circulation of rv in the general population during six consecutive seasons from 2006 to 2012 in catalonia, spain. cell culture, immunofluorescence and pcr-based assays were used for the rv laboratory-confirmation and influenza subtyping. phylogenetic and molecular chara ... | 2016 | 26939538 |
| safety, immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of a northern hemisphere 2013-2014 seasonal trivalent inactivated split influenza virus vaccine, anflu®. | anflu® is a seasonal trivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine manufactured by sinovac biotech co., ltd. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety of anflu® (2013-14 formulation: h1n1, h3n2 and byam) in infants and adults and its immunogenicity and cross-reactivity against mismatched influenza b lineage and avian influenza a(h7n9) viruses (hereafter bvic and h7n9, respectively) in adults. in this phase iv open label trial, infants 6-35 months old (n=61) each received tw ... | 2016 | 26934750 |
| influenza h3n2 infection of the collaborative cross founder strains reveals highly divergent host responses and identifies a unique phenotype in cast/eij mice. | influenza a virus is a zoonotic pathogen that poses a major threat to human and animal health. the severe course of influenza infection is not only influenced by viral virulence factors but also by individual differences in the host response. to determine the extent to which the genetic background can modulate severity of an infection, we studied the host responses to influenza infections in the eight genetically highly diverse collaborative cross (cc) founder mouse strains. | 2016 | 26921172 |
| neuraminidase activity and resistance of 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus to antiviral activity in bronchoalveolar fluid. | human bronchoalveolar fluid is known to have anti-influenza activity. it is believed to be a frontline innate defense against the virus. several antiviral factors, including surfactant protein d, are believed to contribute to the activity. the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus was previously shown to be less sensitive to surfactant protein d. nevertheless, whether different influenza virus strains have different sensitivities to the overall anti-influenza activity of human bronchoalveolar fluid ... | 2016 | 26912622 |
| role of n terminus-truncated ns1 proteins of influenza a virus in inhibiting irf3 activation. | the ns1 protein encoded by influenza a virus antagonizes the interferon response through various mechanisms, including blocking cellular mrna maturation by binding the cellular cpsf30 3' end processing factor and/or suppressing the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3). in the present study, we identified two truncated ns1 proteins that are translated from internal augs at positions 235 and 241 of the ns1 open reading frame. we analyzed the cellular localization and function of the ... | 2016 | 26912617 |
| a novel peptide with potent and broad-spectrum antiviral activities against multiple respiratory viruses. | a safe, potent and broad-spectrum antiviral is urgently needed to combat emerging respiratory viruses. in light of the broad antiviral activity of β-defensins, we tested the antiviral activity of 11 peptides derived from mouse β-defensin-4 and found that a short peptide, p9, exhibited potent and broad-spectrum antiviral effects against multiple respiratory viruses in vitro and in vivo, including influenza a virus h1n1, h3n2, h5n1, h7n7, h7n9, sars-cov and mers-cov. the antiviral activity of p9 w ... | 2016 | 26911565 |
| influenza b vaccine lineage selection--an optimized trivalent vaccine. | epidemics of seasonal influenza viruses cause considerable morbidity and mortality each year. various types and subtypes of influenza circulate in humans and evolve continuously such that individuals at risk of serious complications need to be vaccinated annually to keep protection up to date with circulating viruses. the influenza vaccine in most parts of the world is a trivalent vaccine, including an antigenically representative virus of recently circulating influenza a/h3n2, a/h1n1, and influ ... | 2016 | 26896685 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, october 4, 2015-february 6, 2016. | from october through mid-december 2015, influenza activity remained low in most regions of the united states. activity began to increase in late december 2015 and continued to increase slowly through early february 2016. influenza a viruses have been most frequently identified, with influenza a (h3n2) viruses predominating during october until early december, and influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 viruses predominating from mid-december until early february. most of the influenza viruses characterized duri ... | 2016 | 26891596 |
| the proteolytic activation of (h3n2) influenza a virus hemagglutinin is facilitated by different type ii transmembrane serine proteases. | cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) by host cell proteases is necessary for viral activation and infectivity. in humans and mice, members of the type ii transmembrane protease family (ttsp), e.g., tmprss2, tmprss4, and tmprss11d (hat), have been shown to cleave influenza virus ha for viral activation and infectivity in vitro recently, we reported that inactivation of a single ha-activating protease gene,tmprss2, in knockout mice inhibits the spread of h1n1 influenza viruses. however, ... | 2016 | 26889029 |
| new england harbor seal h3n8 influenza virus retains avian-like receptor specificity. | an influenza h3n8 virus, carrying mammalian adaptation mutations, was isolated from new england harbor seals in 2011. we sought to assess the risk of its human transmissibility using two complementary approaches. first, we tested the binding of recombinant hemagglutinin (ha) proteins of seal h3n8 and human-adapted h3n2 viruses to respiratory tissues of humans and ferrets. for human tissues, we observed strong tendency of the seal h3 to bind to lung alveoli, which was in direct contrast to the hu ... | 2016 | 26888262 |
| conserved stem fragment from h3 influenza hemagglutinin elicits cross-clade neutralizing antibodies through stalk-targeted blocking of conformational change during membrane fusion. | currently available influenza vaccines typically fail to elicit/boost broadly neutralizing antibodies due to the mutability of virus sequences and conformational changes during protective immunity, thereby limiting their efficacy. this problem needs to be addressed by further understanding the mechanisms of neutralization and finding the desired neutralizing site during membrane fusion. this study specifically focused on viruses of the h3n2 subtype, which have persisted as a principal source of ... | 2016 | 26875772 |
| comparison of as03 and alum on immune responses elicited by a/h3n2 split influenza vaccine in young, mature and aged balb/c mice. | there is great interest in developing more effective influenza vaccines for the elderly. oil-in-water adjuvants can boost humoral responses to seasonal vaccines in elderly subjects but relatively little is known about their mechanism of action. | 2016 | 26873056 |
| airborne influenza a is detected in the personal breathing zone of swine veterinarians. | the 2009 h1n1 pandemic emphasized a need to evaluate zoonotic transmission of influenza a in swine production. airborne influenza a virus has been detected in swine facilities during an outbreak. however, the personal exposure of veterinarians treating infected swine has not been characterized. two personal bioaerosol samplers, the niosh bioaerosol sampler and the personal high-flow inhalable sampler head (phish), were placed in the breathing zone of veterinarians treating swine infected with ei ... | 2016 | 26867129 |
| long-term shedding of influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and nosocomial epidemiology in patients with hematological disorders. | respiratory viruses are a cause of upper respiratory tract infections (urti), but can be associated with severe lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in immunocompromised patients. the objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variability of influenza virus, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the duration of viral shedding in hematological patients. nasopharyngeal swabs from hematological patients were screened for influenza, parainfluenza and rsv on a ... | 2016 | 26866481 |
| effectiveness of subunit influenza vaccination in the 2014-2015 season and residual effect of split vaccination in previous seasons. | in navarra, spain, subunit vaccine was first used in the 2014-2015 season, whereas trivalent split-virion influenza vaccines had been used in previous seasons. we estimate the effectiveness of the subunit vaccine in the current season and split vaccine in the two previous seasons against laboratory-confirmed influenza in the 2014-2015 season. | 2016 | 26854911 |
| directed selection of influenza virus produces antigenic variants that match circulating human virus isolates and escape from vaccine-mediated immune protection. | influenza vaccination does not provide 100% protection from infection, partly due to antigenic drift of the haemagglutinin (ha) protein. low serum antibody titres increase the risk of infection. to determine whether there were additional correlates of risk, we examined the relationship between human serum immunity and antigenic variation in seasonal h3n2 influenza viruses. seasonal h3n2 vaccine strains grown in the presence of heterogeneous human or mono-specific ferret antisera selected variant ... | 2016 | 26854888 |
| a natural component from euphorbia humifusa willd displays novel, broad-spectrum anti-influenza activity by blocking nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein. | the need to develop anti-influenza drugs with novel antiviral mechanisms is urgent because of the rapid rate of antigenic mutation and the emergence of drug-resistant viruses. we identified a novel anti-influenza molecule by screening 861 plant-derived natural components using a high-throughput image-based assay that measures inhibition of the influenza virus infection. 1,3,4,6-tetra-o-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (tgbg) from euphorbia humifusa willd showed broad-spectrum anti-influenza activity ... | 2016 | 26850850 |
| predicting the mutating distribution at antigenic sites of the influenza virus. | mutations of the influenza virus lead to antigenic changes that cause recurrent epidemics and vaccine resistance. preventive measures would benefit greatly from the ability to predict the potential distribution of new antigenic sites in future strains. by leveraging the extensive historical records of ha sequences for 90 years, we designed a computational model to simulate the dynamic evolution of antigenic sites in a/h1n1. with templates of antigenic sequences, the model can effectively predict ... | 2016 | 26837263 |
| mutations acquired during cell culture isolation may affect antigenic characterisation of influenza a(h3n2) clade 3c.2a viruses. | as elsewhere, few (< 15%) sentinel influenza a(h3n2) clade 3c.2a viruses that dominated in canada during the 2014/15 season could be antigenically characterised by haemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay. clade 3c.2a viruses that could be hi-characterised had acquired genetic mutations during in vitro cell culture isolation that modified the potential glycosylation motif found in original patient specimens and the consensus sequence of circulating viruses at amino acid positions 158-160 of the h ... | 2016 | 26836031 |
| heptapeptide ligands against receptor-binding sites of influenza hemagglutinin toward anti-influenza therapy. | the initial attachment of influenza virus to cells is the binding of hemagglutinin (ha) to the sialyloligosaccharide receptor; therefore, the small molecules that inhibit the sugar-protein interaction are promising as ha inhibitors to prevent the infection. we herein demonstrate that sialic acid-mimic heptapeptides are identified through a selection from a primary library against influenza virus ha. in order to obtain lead peptides, an affinity selection from a phage-displayed random heptapeptid ... | 2016 | 26833245 |
| [cold-adapted a/krasnodar/101/35/59 (h2n2) strain--a promising strain-donor of attenuation for procuration of live influenza vaccines]. | study of ts, ca, att phenotype, immunogenicity and protective effectiveness of reassortants obtained by a way of recombination of a new influenza cold-adapted (ca) strain donor of attenuation a/krasnodar/101/35/59 (h2n2) and virulent strain of influenza virus. | 2016 | 26829850 |
| recombinant influenza virus expressing hiv-1 p24 capsid protein induces mucosal hiv-specific cd8 t-cell responses. | influenza viruses are promising mucosal vaccine vectors for hiv but their use has been limited by difficulties in engineering the expression of large amounts of foreign protein. we developed recombinant influenza viruses incorporating the hiv-1 p24 gag capsid into the ns-segment of pr8 (h1n1) and x31 (h3n2) influenza viruses with the use of multiple 2a ribosomal skip sequences. despite the insertion of a sizable hiv-1 gene into the influenza genome, recombinant viruses were readily rescued to hi ... | 2016 | 26826545 |
| construction of the influenza a virus transmission tree in a college-based population: co-transmission and interactions between influenza a viruses. | co-infection of different influenza a viruses is known to occur but how viruses interact within co-infection remains unknown. an outbreak in a college campus during the 2009 pandemic involved two subtypes of influenza a: persons infected with pandemic a/h1n1; persons infected with seasonal a/h3n2 viruses; and persons infected with both at the same time (co-infection). this provides data to analyse the possible interaction between influenza a viruses within co-infection. | 2016 | 26825326 |
| [infectivity titers of each component of the influenza virus in the live vaccine purchased from a parallel import distributing system]. | currently in japan, the only approved influenza vaccine is the inactivated vaccine which is injected subcutaneously. on the other hand, there is a live vaccine available elsewhere in the world. flumist, an intranasal influenza live vaccine which contains four strains of infectious viruses, has been used in the united states for more than 10 years; the vaccine has been found effective in clinical trials, while it has some limitations such as those on subjects for the administration, strict storag ... | 2015 | 26821520 |
| molecular characteristics of influenza virus type b lineages circulating in poland. | from the time of the hong kong pandemic of 1968-1969, vaccines against influenza are trivalent, containing two subtypes of influenza type a: a/h1n1/ and a/h3n2/, and influenza type b. in 1980, circulation of the new yamagata and victoria lineages of influenza b virus was noted. since both lineages have continued to circulate, the second lineage of influenza b was included into the trivalent vaccine as of the 2013/2014 epidemic season. in poland, co-circulation of influenza type a and b has been ... | 2016 | 26820730 |
| effects of repeated annual inactivated influenza vaccination among healthcare personnel on serum hemagglutinin inhibition antibody response to a/perth/16/2009 (h3n2)-like virus during 2010-11. | recently, lower estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (ve) against a(h3n2) virus illness among those vaccinated during the previous season or multiple seasons have been reported; however, it is unclear whether these effects are due to differences in immunogenicity. | 2016 | 26813801 |
| molecular analyses of h3n2 canine influenza viruses isolated from korea during 2013-2014. | canine influenza a virus (civ) causes a respiratory disease among dog populations and is prevalent in north america and asia. recently, asian h3n2 civ infection has been of particular concern, with recent reports related to reassortants with pandemic 2009 strains, direct transmission from a human h3n2, a possibility of h3n2 civ transmission to other mammals, and even the first outbreak of h3n2 civs in north america in april 2015. however, despite these global concerns, our understanding of how i ... | 2016 | 26810402 |
| influenza virus shedding in laninamivir-treated children upon returning to school. | the current school health and safety act in japan states that children with influenza infection should stay home until day 6(th) after symptoms onset. this was an amendment of a previous version recommending school return on day 3 after defervescence. here, we investigated the duration of fever and virus shedding after laninamivir treatment in 7 children infected with influenza a(h3n2) virus and 21 children with influenza b virus in relation to the school return timing recommended by the school ... | 2016 | 26806610 |
| new potent sars-cov 3c-like protease inhibitors derived from thieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidine derivatives. | 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxamide (1) condensed with carbaldehydes 2a,b to give the respective thienopyrimidines (3a,b), which reacted with phosphoryl chloride and hydrazine hydrate to afford the respective pyrimidinohydrazines (4a,b). compound 4a condensed with acetophenone under vilsmeier conditions to afford the formylated pyrazolopyrimidine 6. condensation of 4a with active methylenes produced the respective pyrazolopyrimidines (7-11). besides, 4a condensed with succi ... | 2016 | 26806115 |
| human nasal epithelial cells derived from multiple subjects exhibit differential responses to h3n2 influenza virus infection in vitro. | 2016 | 26806046 | |
| antiviral activity of sa-2 against influenza a virus in vitro/vivo and its inhibition of rna polymerase. | a target-free and cell-based approach was applied to evaluate the anti-influenza properties of six newly synthesized benzoic acid derivatives. sa-2, the ethyl 4-(2-hydroxymethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-[3-(3-methylbenzoyl)-thioureido] benzoate (compound 2) was screened as a potential drug candidate. in a cytopathic effect assay, sa-2 dose dependently inhibited h1n1, h3n2 and the oseltamivir-resistant mutant h1n1-h275y influenza viruses in both virus-infected mdck and a549 cells, with 50% effecti ... | 2016 | 26802558 |