Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| long-lasting insecticidal nets no longer effectively kill the highly resistant anopheles funestus of southern mozambique. | chemical insecticides are crucial to malaria control and elimination programmes. the frontline vector control interventions depend mainly on pyrethroids; all long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and more than 80% of indoor residual spraying (irs) campaigns use chemicals from this class. this extensive use of pyrethroids imposes a strong selection pressure for resistance in mosquito populations, and so continuous resistance monitoring and evaluation are important. as pyrethroids have also been ... | 2015 | 26242977 |
| strengthening tactical planning and operational frameworks for vector control: the roadmap for malaria elimination in namibia. | namibia has made tremendous gains in malaria control and the epidemiological trend of the disease has changed significantly over the past years. in 2010, the country reoriented from the objective of reducing disease morbidity and mortality to the goal of achieving malaria elimination by 2020. this manuscript outlines the processes undertaken in strengthening tactical planning and operational frameworks for vector control to facilitate expeditious malaria elimination in namibia. | 2015 | 26242587 |
| implications for changes in anopheles darlingi biting behaviour in three communities in the peri-iquitos region of amazonian peru. | malaria transmission in the peri-iquitos region of amazonian peru has been designated as seasonal and hypo-endemic with recently described hyper-endemic hotspots. despite relatively recent distribution of long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (llins), malaria in amazonian peru persists and increased substantially in 2014 compared to previous years. anopheles darlingi, identified as the main malaria vector, is known for its variable behaviour depending on locality and environment. | 2015 | 26223450 |
| early biting of the anopheles gambiae s.s. and its challenges to vector control using insecticide treated nets in western kenya highlands. | long term use of insecticides in malaria vector control has been shown to alter the behavior of vectors. such behavioral shifts have the potential of undermining the effectiveness of insecticide-based control interventions. the effects of insecticide treated nets (itns) use on the composition, biting/feeding and sporozoite rates of anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in musilongo village, vihiga county of western kenya highlands were investigated. adult mosquitoes were collected in selected sleepi ... | 2015 | 26209103 |
| malaria eradication and elimination: views on how to translate a vision into reality. | although global efforts in the past decade have halved the number of deaths due to malaria, there are still an estimated 219 million cases of malaria a year, causing more than half a million deaths. in this forum article, we asked experts working in malaria research and control to discuss the ways in which malaria might eventually be eradicated. their collective views highlight the challenges and opportunities, and explain how multi-factorial and integrated processes could eventually make malari ... | 2015 | 26208740 |
| identifying genomic changes associated with insecticide resistance in the dengue mosquito aedes aegypti by deep targeted sequencing. | the capacity of mosquitoes to resist insecticides threatens the control of diseases such as dengue and malaria. until alternative control tools are implemented, characterizing resistance mechanisms is crucial for managing resistance in natural populations. insecticide biodegradation by detoxification enzymes is a common resistance mechanism; however, the genomic changes underlying this mechanism have rarely been identified, precluding individual resistance genotyping. in particular, the role of ... | 2015 | 26206155 |
| specific antibodies to anopheles gsg6-p1 salivary peptide to assess early childhood exposure to malaria vector bites. | the estimates of risk of malaria in early childhood are imprecise given the current entomologic and parasitological tools. thus, the utility of anti-anopheles salivary gsg6-p1 peptide antibody responses in measuring exposure to anopheles bites during early infancy has been assessed. | 2015 | 26198354 |
| design of a study to determine the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria vector control: a multi-country investigation. | progress in reducing the malaria disease burden through the substantial scale up of insecticide-based vector control in recent years could be reversed by the widespread emergence of insecticide resistance. the impact of insecticide resistance on the protective effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (itn) and indoor residual spraying (irs) is not known. a multi-country study was undertaken in sudan, kenya, india, cameroon and benin to quantify the potential loss of epidemiological effectivenes ... | 2015 | 26194648 |
| lymphatic filariasis baseline survey in two sentinel sites of ogun state, nigeria. | in preparation for mass drug administration by national lymphatic filariasis elimination programme, a baseline epidemiological investigation on lymphatic filariasis (lf) was conducted in two sentinel sites of ogun state, nigeria. the study was carried out in ado-odo ota and abeokuta south local government areas (lgas) to determine lf prevalence, microfilarial density and the abundance of wucheraria bancrofti in the mosquito vectors. | 2015 | 26185587 |
| high nucleotide diversity and limited linkage disequilibrium in helicoverpa armigera facilitates the detection of a selective sweep. | insecticides impose extreme selective pressures on populations of target pests and so insecticide resistance loci of these species may provide the footprints of 'selective sweeps'. to lay the foundation for future genome-wide scans for selective sweeps and inform genome-wide association study designs, we set out to characterize some of the baseline population genomic parameters of one of the most damaging insect pests in agriculture worldwide, helicoverpa armigera. to this end, we surveyed nine ... | 2015 | 26174024 |
| assessment of control measures and trends of malaria in burie-zuria district, west gojjam zone, amhara region, north west ethiopia. | introduction. malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite plasmodium and transmitted by the bite of anopheles mosquitoes. the aim of this study was to assess control measures and trends of malaria and guide intervention measures at burie-zuria district, amhara region. methods. descriptive cross-sectional assessment of control measures was undertaken. we used health facility records of malaria data. we surveyed households for clinical malaria cases and utilization of long lasting impregnated nets ... | 2015 | 26171274 |
| the cpcfc cuticular protein family: anatomical and cuticular locations in anopheles gambiae and distribution throughout pancrustacea. | arthropod cuticles have, in addition to chitin, many structural proteins belonging to diverse families. information is sparse about how these different cuticular proteins contribute to the cuticle. most cuticular proteins lack cysteine with the exception of two families (cpap1 and cpap3), recently described, and the one other that we now report on that has a motif of 16 amino acids first identified in a protein, bc-ncp1, from the cuticle of nymphs of the cockroach, blaberus craniifer (jensen et ... | 2015 | 26164413 |
| use of a new high resolution melting method for genotyping pathogenic leptospira spp. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis that is endemic in tropical areas, such as reunion island. the species leptospira interrogans is the primary agent in human infections, but other pathogenic species, such as l. kirschner and l. borgpetersenii, are also associated with human leptospirosis. | 2015 | 26154161 |
| dynamical malaria models reveal how immunity buffers effect of climate variability. | assessing the influence of climate on the incidence of plasmodium falciparum malaria worldwide and how it might impact local malaria dynamics is complex and extrapolation to other settings or future times is controversial. this is especially true in the light of the particularities of the short- and long-term immune responses to infection. in sites of epidemic malaria transmission, it is widely accepted that climate plays an important role in driving malaria outbreaks. however, little is known a ... | 2015 | 26124134 |
| resistance mechanisms of anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) to temephos. | anopheles stephensi is a sub-tropical species and has been considered as one of the most important vector of human malaria throughout the middle east and south asian region including the malarious areas of southern iran. current reports confirmed an. stephensi resistance to temephos in oman and india. however, there is no comprehensive research on mechanisms of temephos resistance in an. stephensi in the literature. this study was designed in order to clarify the enzymatic and molecular mechanis ... | 2014 | 26114145 |
| 'a bite before bed': exposure to malaria vectors outside the times of net use in the highlands of western kenya. | the human population in the highlands of nyanza province, western kenya, is subject to sporadic epidemics of plasmodium falciparum. indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) are used widely in this area. these interventions are most effective when anopheles rest and feed indoors and when biting occurs at times when individuals use llins. it is therefore important to test the current assumption of vector feeding preferences, and late night feeding times, in ... | 2015 | 26109384 |
| modified mosquito landing boxes dispensing transfluthrin provide effective protection against anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes under simulated outdoor conditions in a semi-field system. | efforts to control malaria vectors have primarily focused on scaling-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying. although highly efficient against indoor-biting and indoor-resting vectors, these interventions have lower impact on outdoor-biting mosquitoes. innovative vector control tools are required to prevent outdoor human-mosquito contacts. in this work, the potential of spatial repellents, delivered in an active system that requires minimal user compliance, to ... | 2015 | 26104719 |
| preventing malaria transmission by indoor residual spraying in malawi: grappling with the challenge of uncertain sustainability. | in the past decade, there has been rapid scale-up of insecticide-based malaria vector control in the context of integrated vector management (ivm) according to world health organization recommendations. endemic countries have deployed indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets as hallmark vector control interventions. this paper discusses the successes and continued challenges and the way forward for the irs programme in malawi. | 2015 | 26104657 |
| heterochromatin, histone modifications, and nuclear architecture in disease vectors. | interactions between a pathogen and a vector are plastic and dynamic. such interactions can be more rapidly accommodated by epigenetic changes than by genetic mutations. gene expression can be affected by the proximity to the heterochromatin, by local histone modifications, and by the three-dimensional position within the nucleus. recent studies of disease vectors indicate that gene regulation by these factors can be important for susceptibility to pathogens, reproduction, immunity, development, ... | 0 | 26097808 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the beet webworm, spoladea recurvalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) and its phylogenetic implications. | the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the beet webworm, spoladea recurvalis has been sequenced. the circular genome is 15,273 bp in size, encoding 13 protein-coding genes (pcgs), two rrna genes, and 22 trna genes and containing a control region with gene order and orientation identical to that of other ditrysian lepidopteran mitogenomes. the nucleotide composition of the mitogenome shows a high a+t content of 80.9%, and the at skewness is slightly negative (-0.023). all pcgs start wi ... | 2015 | 26091291 |
| analysing the oviposition behaviour of malaria mosquitoes: design considerations for improving two-choice egg count experiments. | choice egg-count bioassays are a popular tool for analysing oviposition substrate preferences of gravid mosquitoes. this study aimed at improving the design of two-choice experiments for measuring oviposition substrates preferences of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae senso lato, a mosquito that lays single eggs. | 2015 | 26088669 |
| surveillance of malaria vector population density and biting behaviour in western kenya. | malaria is a great public health burden and africa suffers the largest share of malaria-attributed deaths. despite control efforts targeting indoor malaria transmission, such as insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) and deployment of indoor residual spraying, transmission of the parasite in western kenya is still maintained. this study was carried out to determine the impact of itns on indoor vector densities and biting behaviour in western kenya. | 2015 | 26082138 |
| applications and limitations of centers for disease control and prevention miniature light traps for measuring biting densities of african malaria vector populations: a pooled-analysis of 13 comparisons with human landing catches. | measurement of densities of host-seeking malaria vectors is important for estimating levels of disease transmission, for appropriately allocating interventions, and for quantifying their impact. the gold standard for estimating mosquito-human contact rates is the human landing catch (hlc), where human volunteers catch mosquitoes that land on their exposed body parts. this approach necessitates exposure to potentially infectious mosquitoes, and is very labour intensive. there are several safer an ... | 2015 | 26082036 |
| characterization of anopheles gambiae (african malaria mosquito) ferritin and the effect of iron on intracellular localization in mosquito cells. | ferritin is a 24-subunit molecule, made up of heavy chain (hc) and light chain (lc) subunits, which stores and controls the release of dietary iron in mammals, plants, and insects. in mosquitoes, dietary iron taken in a bloodmeal is stored inside ferritin. our previous work has demonstrated the transport of dietary iron to the ovaries via ferritin during oogenesis. we evaluated the localization of ferritin subunits inside ccl-125 [aedes aegypti linnaeus (diptera: culicidae), yellow fever mosquit ... | 2015 | 26078302 |
| establishment of the ivermectin research for malaria elimination network: updating the research agenda. | the potential use of ivermectin as an additional vector control tool is receiving increased attention from the malaria elimination community, driven by the increased importance of outdoor/residual malaria transmission and the threat of insecticide resistance where vector tools have been scaled-up. this report summarizes the emerging evidence presented at a side meeting on "ivermectin for malaria elimination: current status and future directions" at the annual meeting of the american society of t ... | 2015 | 26068560 |
| evaluation of the toxicity and repellence of an organic fatty acids mixture (c8910) against insecticide susceptible and resistant strains of the major malaria vector anopheles funestus giles (diptera: culicidae). | malaria vector control relies principally on the use of insecticides, especially pyrethroids. because of the increasing occurrence of insecticide resistance in target vector populations, the development of new insecticides, particularly those with novel modes of action, is particularly important, especially in terms of managing insecticide resistance. the c8910 formulation is a patented mixture of compounds comprising straight-chain octanoic, nonanoic and decanoic saturated fatty acids. this com ... | 2015 | 26062763 |
| functional development of carbon dioxide detection in the maxillary palp of anopheles gambiae. | olfactory information drives several behaviours critical for the survival and persistence of insect pests and vectors. insect behaviour is variable, linked to their biological needs, and regulated by physiological dynamics. for mosquitoes, co2 is an important cue that signifies the presence of a host, and which elicits activation and attraction. to investigate the genetic basis of olfactory modulation in mosquitoes, we assayed changes in co2 detection from receptor gene expression through physio ... | 2015 | 26056246 |
| spatial abundance and human biting rate of anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus in savannah and rice agro-ecosystems of central tanzania. | this study was carried out to determine the spatial variations in malaria mosquito abundance and human biting rate in five villages representing rice-irrigation and savannah ecosystems in kilosa district, central tanzania. the study involved five villages namely tindiga and malui (wetland/rice irrigation), twatwatwa and mbwade (dry savannah) and kimamba (wet savannah). indoor mosquitoes were sampled using centers for disease control and prevention light traps in three houses in each village. ano ... | 2015 | 26054517 |
| long-lasting insecticidal nets in zambia: a cross-sectional analysis of net integrity and insecticide content. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) are a mainstay of malaria prevention in africa. more llins are available now than in any time previously due to increases in funding for malaria control. llins are expected to last three to five years before they need to be replaced. reports of nets lasting less than three years are frequent in zambia, which, if true, will increase the number of llins needed to maintain universal coverage. | 2015 | 26054336 |
| phylogeny of anopheline (diptera: culicidae) species in southern africa, based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes. | a phylogeny of anthropophilic and zoophilic anopheline mosquito species was constructed, using the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coi) genes. the its2 alignment, typically difficult due to its noncoding nature and large size variations, was aided by using predicted secondary structure, making this phylogenetically useful gene more amenable to investigation. this phylogeny is unique in explicitly including zoophilic, non-vector anophel ... | 0 | 26047180 |
| characterization of the infectious reservoir of malaria with an agent-based model calibrated to age-stratified parasite densities and infectiousness. | elimination of malaria can only be achieved through removal of all vectors or complete depletion of the infectious reservoir in humans. mechanistic models can be built to synthesize diverse observations from the field collected under a variety of conditions and subsequently used to query the infectious reservoir in great detail. | 2015 | 26037226 |
| the impact of six annual rounds of mass drug administration on wuchereria bancrofti infections in humans and in mosquitoes in mali. | wuchereria bancrofti prevalence and transmission were assessed in six endemic villages in sikasso, mali prior to and yearly during mass drug administration (mda) with albendazole and ivermectin from 2002 to 2007. microfilaremia was determined by calibrated thick smear of night blood in adult volunteers and circulating filarial antigen was measured using immunochromatographic card test in children < 5 years of age. mosquitoes were collected by human landing catch from july to december. none of th ... | 2015 | 26033027 |
| mosquito attraction: crucial role of carbon dioxide in formulation of a five-component blend of human-derived volatiles. | behavioral responses of the malaria mosquito anopheles coluzzii (an. gambiae sensu stricto molecular 'm form') to an expanded blend of human-derived volatiles were assessed in a dual-port olfactometer. a previously documented attractive three-component blend consisting of nh3, (s)-lactic acid, and tetradecanoic acid served as the basis for expansion. adding 4.5% co2 to the basic blend significantly enhanced its attractiveness. expansion of the blend with four human-derived c4-volatiles was then ... | 2015 | 26026743 |
| evaluation of icon maxx, a long-lasting treatment kit for mosquito nets: experimental hut trials against anopheline mosquitoes in tanzania. | insecticide-treated nets are the primary method of preventing malaria. to remain effective, the pyrethroid insecticide must withstand multiple washes over the lifetime of the net. icon(®) maxx is a 'dip-it-yourself' kit for long-lasting treatment of polyester nets. the twin-sachet kit contains a slow-release capsule suspension of lambda-cyhalothrin plus binding agent. to determine whether icon maxx meets the standards required by the world health organization pesticide evaluation scheme (whopes) ... | 2015 | 26025026 |
| impact of vegetable crop agriculture on anopheline agressivity and malaria transmission in urban and less urbanized settings of the south region of cameroon. | the use of inland valley swamps for vegetable crop agriculture contributes to food security in urban and less urbanized settings in africa. the impact of this agriculture on aggressive mosquitoes' diversity and malaria transmission in central africa is poorly documented. this study is aimed at assessing the impact of vegetable crop agriculture on these entomological parameters in urban and less urbanized settings of the forest area, south of cameroon. | 2015 | 26017900 |
| isolation and propagation of a spiroplasma sp. from slovakian ixodes ricinus ticks in ixodes spp. cell lines. | ixodes spp. ticks are known to occasionally harbour spiroplasmas - helical mycoplasmas in the class mollicutes; a previous study in slovakia reported an overall prevalence of spiroplasma ixodetis of 3% in ixodes ricinus. in the present study, extracts of unfed adult i. ricinus ticks collected from vegetation in south-western slovakia were added to a panel of cell lines derived from i. ricinus and ixodes scapularis embryos. the cultures were monitored by preparation and examination of giemsa-stai ... | 2015 | 26003954 |
| mosquitocidal properties of igg targeting the glutamate-gated chloride channel in three mosquito disease vectors (diptera: culicidae). | the glutamate-gated chloride channel (glucl) is a highly sensitive insecticide target of the avermectin class of insecticides. as an alternative to using chemical insecticides to kill mosquitoes, we tested the effects of purified immunoglobulin g (igg) targeting the extracellular domain of glucl from anopheles gambiae (agglucl) on the survivorship of three key mosquito disease vectors: anopheles gambiae s.s., aedes aegypti and culex tarsalis. when administered through a single blood meal, anti-a ... | 0 | 25994632 |
| when a discriminating dose assay is not enough: measuring the intensity of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. | guidelines from the world health organization for monitoring insecticide resistance in disease vectors recommend exposing insects to a predetermined discriminating dose of insecticide and recording the percentage mortality in the population. this standardized methodology has been widely adopted for malaria vectors and has provided valuable data on the spread and prevalence of resistance. however, understanding the potential impact of this resistance on malaria control requires a more quantitativ ... | 2015 | 25985896 |
| novel detection of insecticide resistance related p450 genes and transcriptome analysis of the hemimetabolous pest erthesina fullo (thunberg) (hemiptera: heteroptera). | erthesina fullo (thunberg, 1783) is an economically important heteropteran species in china. since only three nucleotide sequences of this species (coi, 16s rrna, and 18s rrna) appear in the genbank database so far, no analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying e. fullo's resistance to insecticide and environmental stress has been accomplished. we reported a de novo assembled and annotated transcriptome for adult e. fullo using the illumina sequence system. a total of 53,359,458 clean reads ... | 2015 | 25955554 |
| molecular epidemiology and seroprevalence in asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum infections of malagasy pregnant women in the highlands. | malaria epidemiology in madagascar is classified into four different areas, ranging from unstable seasonal transmission in the highlands to hyperendemic perennial transmission areas in the costal level. most malaria studies in madagascar are focused on symptomatic children. however, because of the low transmission in some areas with correspondingly low level of semi-immunity, adults are also at risk, in particular pregnant women. the objective of this study was to gain information on the genetic ... | 2015 | 25935753 |
| parasites and vectors of malaria on rusinga island, western kenya. | there is a dearth of information on malaria endemicity in the islands of lake victoria in western kenya. in this study malaria prevalence and plasmodium sporozoite rates on rusinga island were investigated. the contribution of different anopheles species to indoor and outdoor transmission of malaria was also determined. | 2015 | 25928743 |
| underestimation of foraging behaviour by standard field methods in malaria vector mosquitoes in southern africa. | defining the anopheline mosquito vectors and their foraging behaviour in malaria endemic areas is crucial for disease control and surveillance. the standard protocol for molecular identification of host blood meals in mosquitoes is to morphologically identify fed mosquitoes and then perform polymerase chain reaction (pcr), precipitin tests, or elisa assays. the purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the feeding rate and human blood indices (hbis) of malaria vectors were under ... | 2015 | 25927429 |
| field evaluation of a push-pull system to reduce malaria transmission. | malaria continues to place a disease burden on millions of people throughout the tropics, especially in sub-saharan africa. although efforts to control mosquito populations and reduce human-vector contact, such as long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying, have led to significant decreases in malaria incidence, further progress is now threatened by the widespread development of physiological and behavioural insecticide-resistance as well as changes in the composition of vector ... | 2015 | 25923114 |
| protobug: functional families from the complete proteomes of insects. | protobug (http://www.protobug.cs.huji.ac.il) is a database and resource of protein families in arthropod genomes. protobug platform presents the relatedness of complete proteomes from 17 insects as well as a proteome of the crustacean, daphnia pulex. the represented proteomes from insects include louse, bee, beetle, ants, flies and mosquitoes. based on an unsupervised clustering method, protein sequences were clustered into a hierarchical tree, called protobug. protobug covers about 300,000 sequ ... | 2015 | 25911153 |
| long non-coding rna discovery across the genus anopheles reveals conserved secondary structures within and beyond the gambiae complex. | long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) have been defined as mrna-like transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that lack significant protein-coding potential, and many of them constitute scaffolds for ribonucleoprotein complexes with critical roles in epigenetic regulation. various lncrnas have been implicated in the modulation of chromatin structure, transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation, and regulation of genomic stability in mammals, caenorhabditis elegans, and drosophila melanogast ... | 2015 | 25903279 |
| decrease of larval and subsequent adult anopheles sergentii populations following feeding of adult mosquitoes from bacillus sphaericus-containing attractive sugar baits. | bacillus sphaericus is a mosquito-larvae pathogen which proliferates in the host cadavers, spreading and preserving the infection within the larval habitats for prolonged periods. in this pilot field study, we presented b. sphaericus-containing attractive sugar baits (asb) to wild anopheles sergentii adults, with the assumption that bait-fed, b. sphaericus-carrying mosquitoes are able to efficiently transmit the pathogen to the larval habitats, causing larval mortality and leading to a decrease ... | 2015 | 25899788 |
| implementation of the integrated management of childhood illness with parasitological diagnosis of malaria in rural ghana: health worker perceptions. | timely and appropriate management of febrile illness among children under five years of age will contribute to achieving millennium development goal-4. the revised world health organization-global malaria programme's policy on test-based management of malaria must integrate effectively into the integrated management of childhood illness (imci). this study reports on perceptions of health workers on the health system factors influencing effective delivery of test-based diagnosis of malaria with i ... | 2015 | 25899509 |
| outdoor biting by anopheles mosquitoes on bioko island does not currently impact on malaria control. | there have been many recent reports that the rate of outdoor biting by malaria vectors has increased. this study examined the impact this might have on malaria transmission by assessing the association between exposure to outdoor bites and malaria infection on bioko island, equatorial guinea. | 2015 | 25895674 |
| mosquito host preferences affect their response to synthetic and natural odour blends. | the anthropophilic malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (hereafter termed anopheles gambiae) primarily takes blood meals from humans, whereas its close sibling anopheles arabiensis is more opportunistic. previous studies have identified several compounds that play a critical role in the odour-mediated behaviour of an. gambiae. this study determined the effect of natural and synthetic odour blends on mosquitoes with different host preferences to better understand the host-seeking beha ... | 2015 | 25889954 |
| distribution of plasmodium falciparum gametocytes and malaria-attributable fraction of fever episodes along an altitudinal transect in western cameroon. | highland areas are hypoendemic zones of malaria and are therefore prone to epidemics, due to lack of protective immunity. so far, cameroon has not succeeded in implementing a convenient and effective method to detect, prevent and forecast malaria epidemic in these peculiar zones. this monitoring and evaluation study aims to assess the operational feasibility of using the human malaria infectious reservoir (hmir) and the malaria-attributable fraction of fever episodes (mafe) as indicators, in des ... | 2015 | 25889511 |
| the past, present and future use of epidemiological intelligence to plan malaria vector control and parasite prevention in uganda. | an important prelude to developing strategies to control infectious diseases is a detailed epidemiological evidence platform to target cost-effective interventions and define resource needs. | 2015 | 25888989 |
| bayesian variable selection in modelling geographical heterogeneity in malaria transmission from sparse data: an application to nouna health and demographic surveillance system (hdss) data, burkina faso. | quantification of malaria heterogeneity is very challenging, partly because of the underlying characteristics of mosquitoes and also because malaria is an environmentally driven disease. furthermore, in order to assess the spatial and seasonal variability in malaria transmission, vector data need to be collected repeatedly over time (at fixed geographical locations). measurements collected at locations close to each other and over time tend to be correlated because of common exposures such as en ... | 2015 | 25888970 |
| identification of candidate mimicry proteins involved in parasite-driven phenotypic changes. | endoparasites with complex life cycles are faced with several biological challenges, as they need to occupy various ecological niches throughout their development. host phenotypes that increase the parasite's transmission rate to the next host have been extensively described, but few mechanistic explanations have been proposed to describe their proximate causes. in this study we explore the possibility that host phenotypic changes are triggered by the production of mimicry proteins from the para ... | 2015 | 25888917 |
| patient adherence to prescribed artemisinin-based combination therapy in garissa county, kenya, after three years of health care in a conflict setting. | current day malaria cases and deaths are indicative of a lack of access to both methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; an important determinant of treatment efficacy is adherence. this study is a follow up to the baseline study of adherence to artemether-lumefantrine (al) carried out in garissa district in 2010. the study presented evaluates any changes in adherence levels which may have occurred in the area during this period and after nearly three years of sustained use of act across ... | 2015 | 25888895 |
| discovery of an oviposition attractant for gravid malaria vectors of the anopheles gambiae species complex. | new strategies are needed to manage malaria vector populations that resist insecticides and bite outdoors. this study describes a breakthrough in developing 'attract and kill' strategies targeting gravid females by identifying and evaluating an oviposition attractant for anopheles gambiae s.l. | 2015 | 25885703 |
| sibling species of the anopheles funestus group, and their infection with malaria and lymphatic filarial parasites, in archived and newly collected specimens from northeastern tanzania. | studies on the east african coast have shown a recent dramatic decline in malaria vector density and change in composition of sibling species of the anopheles gambiae complex, paralleled by a major decline in malaria incidence. in order to better understand the ongoing changes in vector-parasite dynamics in the area, and to allow for appropriate adjustment of control activities, the present study examined the composition, and malaria and lymphatic filarial infection, of sibling species of the an ... | 2015 | 25885457 |
| malaria in mauritania: retrospective and prospective overview. | malaria has become a major public health problem in mauritania since the 1990s, with an average of 181,000 cases per year and 2,233,066 persons at risk during 1995-2012. this paper provides the first publicly available overview of malaria incidence and distribution in mauritania. information on the burden and malaria species distribution is critical for guiding national efforts in malaria control. as the incidence of malaria changes over time, regular updates of epidemiological data are necessar ... | 2015 | 25880759 |
| malaria risk in nigeria: bayesian geostatistical modelling of 2010 malaria indicator survey data. | in 2010, the national malaria control programme with the support of roll back malaria partners implemented a nationally representative malaria indicator survey (mis), which assembled malaria burden and control intervention related data. the mis data were analysed to produce a contemporary smooth map of malaria risk and evaluate the control interventions effects on parasitaemia risk after controlling for environmental/climatic, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. | 2015 | 25880096 |
| endogenous sirnas and pirnas derived from transposable elements and genes in the malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae. | the sirna and pirna pathways have been shown in insects to be essential for regulation of gene expression and defence against exogenous and endogenous genetic elements (viruses and transposable elements). the vast majority of endogenous small rnas produced by the sirna and pirna pathways originate from repetitive or transposable elements (te). in d. melanogaster, te-derived endogenous sirnas and pirnas are involved in genome surveillance and maintenance of genome integrity. in the medically rele ... | 2015 | 25879960 |
| baseline malaria vector transmission dynamics in communities in ahafo mining area in ghana. | malaria vector dynamics are relevant prior to commencement of mining activities. a baseline entomology survey was conducted in asutifi and tano (referred to as ahafo) in the brong-ahafo geo-political region of ghana during preparatory stages for mining by newmont ghana gold limited. | 2015 | 25879851 |
| early biting and insecticide resistance in the malaria vector anopheles might compromise the effectiveness of vector control intervention in southwestern uganda. | southwestern uganda has high malaria heterogeneity despite moderate vector control and other interventions. moreover, the early biting transmission and increased resistance to insecticides might compromise strategies relying on vector control. consequently, monitoring of vector behaviour and insecticide efficacy is needed to assess the effectiveness of strategies aiming at malaria control. this eventually led to an entomological survey in two villages with high malaria prevalence in this region. | 2015 | 25879539 |
| the activity of the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr in mosquito bioassay: towards a more rational testing and screening of non-neurotoxic insecticides for malaria vector control. | the rapid selection of pyrethroid resistance throughout sub-saharan africa is a serious threat to malaria vector control. chlorfenapyr is a pyrrole insecticide which shows no cross resistance to insecticide classes normally used for vector control and is effective on mosquito nets under experimental hut conditions. unlike neurotoxic insecticides, chlorfenapyr owes its toxicity to disruption of metabolic pathways in mitochondria that enable cellular respiration. a series of experiments explored w ... | 2015 | 25879231 |
| the avecnet trial to assess whether addition of pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile hormone mimic, to long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets provides additional protection against clinical malaria over current best practice in an area with pyrethroid-resistant vectors in rural burkina faso: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. | recent reductions in malaria in sub-saharan africa have been associated with increased coverage with long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins). pyrethroids are currently the only insecticide class used for treating nets, and the rapid increase in resistance to pyrethroids in vector mosquitoes may jeopardise future vector control. nets containing a novel combination of permethrin, a pyrethroid, and pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile hormone mimic, (ppf-llin) may enhance malaria control, as well as red ... | 2015 | 25873089 |
| natural selection constrains neutral diversity across a wide range of species. | the neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts that the amount of neutral polymorphisms within a species will increase proportionally with the census population size (nc). however, this prediction has not been borne out in practice: while the range of nc spans many orders of magnitude, levels of genetic diversity within species fall in a comparatively narrow range. although theoretical arguments have invoked the increased efficacy of natural selection in larger populations to explain this di ... | 2015 | 25859758 |
| an assessment of participatory integrated vector management for malaria control in kenya. | the world health organization (who) recommends integrated vector management (ivm) as a strategy to improve and sustain malaria vector control. however, this approach has not been widely adopted. | 2015 | 25859686 |
| population-wide malaria testing and treatment with rapid diagnostic tests and artemether-lumefantrine in southern zambia: a community randomized step-wedge control trial design. | reducing the human reservoir of malaria parasites is critical for elimination. we conducted a community randomized controlled trial in southern province, zambia to assess the impact of three rounds of a mass test and treatment (mtat) intervention on malaria prevalence and health facility outpatient case incidence using random effects logistic regression and negative binomial regression, respectively. following the intervention, children in the intervention group had lower odds of a malaria infec ... | 2015 | 25802434 |
| dopamine receptor antagonists as new mode-of-action insecticide leads for control of aedes and culex mosquito vectors. | new mode-of-action insecticides are sought to provide continued control of pesticide resistant arthropod vectors of neglected tropical diseases (ntds). we previously identified antagonists of the aadop2 d1-like dopamine receptor (dar) from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, with toxicity to ae. aegypti larvae as leads for novel insecticides. to extend dar-based insecticide discovery, we evaluated the molecular and pharmacological characteristics of an orthologous dar target, cqdop2, from ... | 2015 | 25793586 |
| selectivity of odorant-binding proteins from the southern house mosquito tested against physiologically relevant ligands. | as opposed to humans, insects rely heavily on an acute olfactory system for survival and reproduction. two major types of olfactory proteins, namely, odorant-binding proteins (obps) and odorant receptors (ors), may contribute to the selectivity and sensitivity of the insects' olfactory system. here, we aimed at addressing the question whether obps highly enriched in the antennae of the southern house mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus, contribute at least in part to the selective reception of phys ... | 2015 | 25774136 |
| an overview of malaria transmission from the perspective of amazon anopheles vectors. | in the americas, areas with a high risk of malaria transmission are mainly located in the amazon forest, which extends across nine countries. one keystone step to understanding the plasmodium life cycle in anopheles species from the amazon region is to obtain experimentally infected mosquito vectors. several attempts to colonise anopheles species have been conducted, but with only short-lived success or no success at all. in this review, we review the literature on malaria transmission from the ... | 2015 | 25742262 |
| sugarcane giant borer transcriptome analysis and identification of genes related to digestion. | sugarcane is a widely cultivated plant that serves primarily as a source of sugar and ethanol. its annual yield can be significantly reduced by the action of several insect pests including the sugarcane giant borer (telchin licus licus), a lepidopteran that presents a long life cycle and which efforts to control it using pesticides have been inefficient. although its economical relevance, only a few dna sequences are available for this species in the genbank. pyrosequencing technology was used t ... | 2015 | 25706301 |
| multisensor earth observations to characterize wetlands and malaria epidemiology in ethiopia. | malaria is a major global public health problem, particularly in sub-saharan africa. the spatial heterogeneity of malaria can be affected by factors such as hydrological processes, physiography, and land cover patterns. tropical wetlands, for example, are important hydrological features that can serve as mosquito breeding habitats. mapping and monitoring of wetlands using satellite remote sensing can thus help to target interventions aimed at reducing malaria transmission. the objective of this ... | 2014 | 25653462 |
| investigating the acceptability of non-mesh, long-lasting insecticidal nets amongst nomadic communities in garissa county, kenya using a prospective, longitudinal study design and cross-sectional household surveys. | north east kenya is an area of semi-arid terrain, prone to malaria epidemics. the distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) has long been a key malaria intervention, however, for nomadic populations who live and sleep outside, in harsh climates and areas with increasing reports of exophagic behaviour of mosquitoes, traditional llins are often inadequate. this study investigates the acceptability of non-mesh llins, specifically designed to suit nomadic, outdoor sleeping communities. | 2015 | 25652420 |
| biting behaviour of african malaria vectors: 1. where do the main vector species bite on the human body? | malaria control in africa relies heavily on indoor vector management, primarily indoor residual spraying and insecticide treated bed nets. little is known about outdoor biting behaviour or even the dynamics of indoor biting and infection risk of sleeping household occupants. in this paper we explore the preferred biting sites on the human body and some of the ramifications regarding infection risk and exposure management. | 2015 | 25650005 |
| a cohort study of the effectiveness of insecticide-treated bed nets to prevent malaria in an area of moderate pyrethroid resistance, malawi. | insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) are the cornerstone of malaria control in sub-saharan africa but their effectiveness may be compromised by the spread of pyrethroid resistance among malaria vectors. the objective of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of itns to prevent malaria in an area of malawi with moderate pyrethroid resistance. | 2015 | 25627987 |
| outdoor-sleeping and other night-time activities in northern ghana: implications for residual transmission and malaria prevention. | despite targeted indoor residual spraying (irs) over a six-year period and free mass distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (itns), malaria rates in northern ghana remain high. outdoor sleeping and other night-time social, cultural and economic activities that increase exposure to infective mosquito bites are possible contributors. this study was designed to document these phenomena through direct observation, and to explore the context in which they occur. | 2015 | 25627277 |
| changes in malaria epidemiology in a rural area of cubal, angola. | scarce information about malaria epidemiology in angola has been published. the objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of malaria at the hospital nossa senhora da paz (cubal, angola) and the fatality rate due to malaria (total and in children under five years) in the last five years. | 2015 | 25604647 |
| the impact of livestock on the abundance, resting behaviour and sporozoite rate of malaria vectors in southern tanzania. | increases in the coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) have significantly reduced the abundance of anopheles gambiae sensu stricto in several african settings, leaving its more zoophagic sibling species anopheles arabiensis as the primary vector. this study investigated the impact of livestock ownership at the household level on the ecology and malaria infection rate of vectors in an area of tanzania where an. arabiensis accounts for most malaria transmission. | 2015 | 25604150 |
| human-to-mosquito transmission efficiency increases as malaria is controlled. | the efficiency of malaria transmission between human and mosquito has been shown to be influenced by many factors in the laboratory, although their impact in the field and how this changes with disease endemicity are unknown. here we estimate how human-mosquito transmission changed as malaria was controlled in dielmo, senegal. mathematical models were fit to data collected between 1990 and the start of vector control in 2008. results show that asexual parasite slide prevalence in humans has redu ... | 2015 | 25597498 |
| towards evolution-proof malaria control with insecticides. | as many strategies to control malaria use insecticides against adult mosquitoes, control is undermined by the continual evolution of resistant mosquitoes. here we suggest that using alternative insecticides, or conventional insecticides in alternative ways might enable effective control, but delay considerably or prevent the evolution of resistance. our reasoning relies on an epidemiological and an evolutionary principle: (i) the epidemiology of malaria is strongly influenced by the life-span of ... | 2009 | 25567892 |
| exploring the origin and degree of genetic isolation of anopheles gambiae from the islands of são tomé and príncipe, potential sites for testing transgenic-based vector control. | the evolutionary processes at play between island and mainland populations of the malaria mosquito vector anopheles gambiae sensu stricto are of great interest as islands may be suitable sites for preliminary application of transgenic-based vector control strategies. são tomé and príncipe, located off the west african coast, have received such attention in recent years. this study investigates the degree of isolation of an. gambiae s.s. populations between these islands and the mainland based on ... | 2008 | 25567803 |
| adaptive introgression in an african malaria mosquito coincident with the increased usage of insecticide-treated bed nets. | animal species adapt to changes in their environment, including man-made changes such as the introduction of insecticides, through selection for advantageous genes already present in populations or newly arisen through mutation. a possible alternative mechanism is the acquisition of adaptive genes from related species via a process known as adaptive introgression. differing levels of insecticide resistance between two african malaria vectors, anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae, have been a ... | 2015 | 25561525 |
| mosquito genomics. highly evolvable malaria vectors: the genomes of 16 anopheles mosquitoes. | variation in vectorial capacity for human malaria among anopheles mosquito species is determined by many factors, including behavior, immunity, and life history. to investigate the genomic basis of vectorial capacity and explore new avenues for vector control, we sequenced the genomes of 16 anopheline mosquito species from diverse locations spanning ~100 million years of evolution. comparative analyses show faster rates of gene gain and loss, elevated gene shuffling on the x chromosome, and more ... | 2014 | 25554792 |
| comparative structural and functional analysis of the larval and adult dorsal vessel and its role in hemolymph circulation in the mosquito anopheles gambiae. | hemolymph circulation in insects is driven primarily by the contractile action of a dorsal vessel, which is divided into an abdominal heart and a thoracic aorta. as holometabolous insects, mosquitoes undergo striking morphological and physiological changes during metamorphosis. this study presents a comprehensive structural and functional analysis of the larval and adult dorsal vessel in the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. using intravital video imaging we show that, unlike the adult heart, ... | 2014 | 25524976 |
| vectorbase: an updated bioinformatics resource for invertebrate vectors and other organisms related with human diseases. | vectorbase is a national institute of allergy and infectious diseases supported bioinformatics resource center (brc) for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens. now in its 11th year, vectorbase currently hosts the genomes of 35 organisms including a number of non-vectors for comparative analysis. hosted data range from genome assemblies with annotated gene features, transcript and protein expression data to population genetics including variation and insecticide-resistance phenotypes. here we d ... | 2014 | 25510499 |
| a genotypically distinct, melanic variant of anopheles arabiensis in sudan is associated with arid environments. | anopheles arabiensis, an important malaria vector in sudan and other countries in sub-saharan africa, exhibits considerable ecological and behavioural plasticity allowing it to survive in the harsh conditions of arid regions. it has been shown that adult populations of an. arabiensis in the semi-desert habitat of western khartoum state survive through the long dry season in a state of partial aestivation, characterized by limited feeding activity and a degree of arrested ovarian development. ano ... | 2014 | 25496059 |
| comparison of a mobile phone-based malaria reporting system with source participant register data for capturing spatial and temporal trends in epidemiological indicators of malaria transmission collected by community health workers in rural zambia. | timeliness, completeness, and accuracy are key requirements for any surveillance system to reliably monitor disease burden and guide efficient resource prioritization. evidence that electronic reporting of malaria cases by community health workers (chws) meet these requirements remains limited. | 2014 | 25495698 |
| participation of irradiated anopheles arabiensis males in swarms following field release in sudan. | the success of the sterile insect technique (sit) depends the release of large numbers of sterile males, which are able to compete for mates with the wild male population within the target area. unfortunately, the processes of colonisation, mass production and irradiation may reduce the competitiveness of sterile males through genetic selection, loss of natural traits and somatic damage. in this context, the capacity of released sterile anopheles arabiensis males to survive, disperse and partici ... | 2014 | 25495146 |
| maternal germline-specific genes in the asian malaria mosquito anopheles stephensi: characterization and application for disease control. | anopheles stephensi is a principal vector of urban malaria on the indian subcontinent and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito biology. to enhance our understanding of female mosquito reproduction, and to develop new tools for basic research and for genetic strategies to control mosquito-borne infectious diseases, we identified 79 genes that displayed previtellogenic germline-specific expression based on rna-seq data generated from 11 life stage-specific and sex-specif ... | 2014 | 25480960 |
| cost-effectiveness of larviciding for urban malaria control in tanzania. | larviciding for malaria control can contribute to an integrated vector management (ivm) approach. this intervention is currently supported in settings where breeding habitats are 'few, fixed, and findable', such as urban areas of sub-saharan africa, but the knowledge base regarding the cost-effectiveness of larviciding is non-existent. | 2014 | 25476586 |
| de novo sequencing, assembly and characterization of antennal transcriptome of anomala corpulenta motschulsky (coleoptera: rutelidae). | anomala corpulenta is an important insect pest and can cause enormous economic losses in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. it is widely distributed in china, and both larvae and adults can cause serious damage. it is difficult to control this pest because the larvae live underground. any new control strategy should exploit alternatives to heavily and frequently used chemical insecticides. however, little genetic research has been carried out on a. corpulenta due to the lack of genomic reso ... | 2014 | 25461610 |
| differential antibody response to the anopheles gambiae gsg6 and ce5 salivary proteins in individuals naturally exposed to bites of malaria vectors. | mosquito saliva plays crucial roles in blood feeding but also evokes in hosts an anti-saliva antibody response. the igg response to the anopheles gambiae salivary protein gsg6 was previously shown to be a reliable indicator of human exposure to afrotropical malaria vectors. we analyzed here the humoral response to the salivary anti-thrombin ce5 in a group of individuals from a malaria hyperendemic area of burkina faso. | 2014 | 25428638 |
| sampling host-seeking anthropophilic mosquito vectors in west africa: comparisons of an active human-baited tent-trap against gold standard methods. | in this study, we characterize the ability of the previously described infoscitex tent (ist) to capture mosquitoes in comparison to either the centers for disease control light trap hung next to individuals under a bed net (ltc) or to human landing catches (hlc). in senegal, the ist caught 6.14 times the number of anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), and 8.78 times the culex group v mosquitoes as ltc. in one of two locations in burkina faso, the ist caught an. gambiae at a rate not significantly ... | 2014 | 25422393 |
| serological markers for monitoring historical changes in malaria transmission intensity in a highly endemic region of western kenya, 1994-2009. | monitoring local malaria transmission intensity is essential for planning evidence-based control strategies and evaluating their impact over time. anti-malarial antibodies provide information on cumulative exposure and have proven useful, in areas where transmission has dropped to low sustained levels, for retrospectively reconstructing the timing and magnitude of transmission reduction. it is unclear whether serological markers are also informative in high transmission settings, where intervent ... | 2014 | 25416454 |
| efficacy and safety of the mosquitocidal drug ivermectin to prevent malaria transmission after treatment: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. | artemisinin combination therapy effectively clears asexual malaria parasites and immature gametocytes but does not prevent posttreatment malaria transmission. ivermectin (ivm) may reduce malaria transmission by killing mosquitoes that take blood meals from ivm-treated humans. | 2015 | 25414262 |
| transmission patterns of plasmodium falciparum by anopheles gambiae in benin. | to better control malaria, the clear and urgent need is for improved data to inform decision makers, but in several african countries, there is a lack of baseline data on vectors and variation in the intensity of malaria transmission. this has resulted in the implementation of vector control efforts that ignore variation in vector behaviour and intensity of transmission, an approach that is most often not cost-effective. this study presents a detailed entomological description of mosquito distri ... | 2014 | 25412948 |
| the behaviour of mosquitoes in relation to humans under holed bednets: the evidence from experimental huts. | the physical integrity of bednets is a concern of national malaria control programs, as it is a key factor in determining the rate of replacement of bednets. it is largely assumed that increased numbers of holes will result in a loss of protection of sleepers from potentially infective bites. experimental hut studies are valuable in understanding mosquito behaviour indoors, particularly as it relates to blood feeding and mortality. this review summarises findings from experimental hut studies, f ... | 0 | 25410994 |
| namibia's path toward malaria elimination: a case study of malaria strategies and costs along the northern border. | low malaria transmission in namibia suggests that elimination is possible, but the risk of imported malaria from angola remains a challenge. this case study reviews the early transition of a program shift from malaria control to elimination in three northern regions of namibia that comprise the trans-kunene malaria initiative (tkmi): kunene, omusati, and ohangwena. | 2014 | 25409682 |
| transcriptome-based identification of abc transporters in the western tarnished plant bug lygus hesperus. | atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters are a large superfamily of proteins that mediate diverse physiological functions by coupling atp hydrolysis with substrate transport across lipid membranes. in insects, these proteins play roles in metabolism, development, eye pigmentation, and xenobiotic clearance. while abc transporters have been extensively studied in vertebrates, less is known concerning this superfamily in insects, particularly hemipteran pests. we used rna-seq transcriptome sequencin ... | 2014 | 25401762 |
| high-resolution melting analysis reveals low plasmodium parasitaemia infections among microscopically negative febrile patients in western kenya. | microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are common tools for diagnosing malaria, but are deficient in detecting low plasmodium parasitaemia. a novel molecular diagnostic tool (npcr-hrm) that combines the sensitivity and specificity of nested pcr (npcr) and direct pcr-high resolution melting analysis (dpcr-hrm) was developed. to evaluate patterns of anti-malarial drug administration when no parasites are detected, npcr-hrm was employed to screen blood samples for low parasitaemia from febril ... | 2014 | 25399409 |
| genome-wide patterns of polymorphism in an inbred line of the african malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | anopheles gambiae is a major mosquito vector of malaria in africa. although increased use of insecticide-based vector control tools has decreased malaria transmission, elimination is likely to require novel genetic control strategies. it can be argued that the absence of an a. gambiae inbred line has slowed progress toward genetic vector control. in order to empower genetic studies and enable precise and reproducible experimentation, we set out to create an inbred line of this species. we found ... | 2014 | 25377942 |