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micro-encapsulation of ozonated red pepper seed oil with antimicrobial activity and application to nonwoven fabric.in recent years, functional fabrics possessing antimicrobial activity have drawn significant interest because antibiotic resistance is becoming widespread among pathogenic micro-organisms. the aim of this study was to produce microcapsules incorporating ozonated red pepper seed oil (orpso) with antimicrobial properties and apply them to nonwoven fabrics to prepare functional textiles. red pepper seed oil (rpso) was ozonated and micro-encapsulated via a complex coacervation method using gelatin ( ...201323190094
influence of red pepper spice and turmeric on inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers in overweight females: a metabolomics approach.red pepper spice (rp) and turmeric (tm) are used as flavorings in foods and for medicinal purposes. utilizing a randomized, doubled-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design (2-week washout), 4-week supplementation with rp (1 g/d) or tm (2.8 g/d) was tested for influences on inflammation and oxidative stress in 62 overweight/obese (body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m²) females (40-75 years) with systemic inflammation (c-reactive protein, crp ≥ 2 mg/l). overnight, fasted blood samples were collected pr ...201223150126
review: effect of drugs on human cough reflex sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin.capsaicin, the pungent extract of red peppers, has been used in clinical research for almost three decades. capsaicin has gained favor as the provocative agent of choice to measure cough reflex sensitivity, as it induces cough in a safe, reproducible, and dose-dependent manner. one of the major uses of capsaicin cough challenge testing has been to evaluate the effect of a pharmacological intervention on the human cough reflex. the current review summarizes the published experience with capsaicin ...201223146824
methylobacillus rhizosphaerae sp. nov., a novel plant-associated methylotrophic bacterium isolated from rhizosphere of red pepper.a novel plant-associated obligate methylotrophic bacterium, designated strain ca-68(t), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of field-grown red pepper from india. the isolates are strictly aerobic, gram negative, motile rods multiplying by binary fission and formaldehyde is assimilated via the ribulose monophosphate pathway. a comparative 16s rrna gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis placed the strain in a clade with the species methylobacillus flagellatus, methylobacillus glycogens and m ...201323111783
effect of heat processing on the profile of pigments and antioxidant capacity of green and red jalapeño peppers.raw and heat-processed jalapeño peppers (green and red) were evaluated for their pigment profile and antioxidant capacity. sixty-seven pigments were separated and characterized by hplc-dad-ms, including carotenoids (isomers and esters), chlorophylls, and pheophytins. the distinctive characteristics of this pepper genotype were the presence of antheraxanthin monoesters, zeaxanthin monoesters, mutatoxanthin diesters, and a higher content of free capsanthin relative to the mono- and diesterified fo ...201223050605
occurrence and exposure assessment of aflatoxins in catalonia (spain).the main objective of this study was to assess the exposure of catalonian (spain) population to afs. thus, two sub-objectives were considered: (1) to assess the occurrence of afs in food marketed in catalonia, and (2) to assess the consumption of those foods susceptible to afs contamination by catalonian population. afs were analysed in a total of 603 samples considering special commodities as free-gluten, ethnic or baby foods. analytical method consisted of an extraction and clean-up of aflatox ...201323046858
effects of dietary red pepper on egg yolk colour and histological intestinal morphology in laying hens.to evaluate the effect of three kinds of red pepper supplementation 'kagawa hontaka' produced at shiwaku islands (khs), miki (khm) and takanotsume (tkt) on production performance, egg quality and intestinal histology in laying hens. a total of 32 laying hens (39 weeks of age) were randomly allotted to four groups, each comprising eight hens. birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with red pepper at 0% (control), 0.5% khs, 0.5% khm and 0.5% tkt, respectively. compared with the control group, no ...201323033816
capsiate improves glucose metabolism by improving insulin sensitivity better than capsaicin in diabetic rats.red peppers and red pepper paste are reported to have anti-obesity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in animals and humans due to the capsaicin in red pepper. we investigated whether consuming capsaicin and capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analogue, modifies glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, pancreatic β-cell survival and insulin sensitivity in 90% pancreatectomized (px) diabetic rats, a moderate and non-obese type 2 diabetic animal model. px diabetic rats were divided into 3 treatmen ...201323026494
[effect of pectin substances on activity of human pancreatic alpha-amylase in vitro].pectin substances were extracted from food plants: sweet pepper capsicum annuum l., carrot sowing daucus sativus l., bulb onion allium cepa l., white cabbage brassica oleracea l. by two methods with acid solutions similar to gastric environment. the pectins that were extracted were characterized by monosaccharide composition and quantitative contents of uronic acids, neutral monosaccharides, methoxy groups, protein. the inhibitory effect of all extracted pectin-protein complexes on activity of p ...201223013011
improvement of mannitol-yolk-polymyxin b agar by supplementing with trimethoprim for quantitative detection of bacillus cereus in foods.mannitol-yolk-polymyxin b agar (mypa) was modified by supplementation with trimethoprim. the ability of the supplemented medium to select for and recover bacillus cereus from pure cultures and food samples with high background microflora was compared with mypa. for evaluation of the modified mypa (mmypa) in food samples with high background microflora, b. cereus was experimentally spiked into red pepper powder, fermented soybean paste, vegetable salad, and radish sprouts, and then it was recover ...201222980022
a new and improved strategy combining a dispersive-solid phase extraction-based multiclass method with ultra high pressure liquid chromatography for analysis of low molecular weight polyphenols in vegetables.this paper reports on the development and optimization of a modified quick, easy, cheap effective, rugged and safe (quechers) based extraction technique coupled with a clean-up dispersive-solid phase extraction (dspe) as a new, reliable and powerful strategy to enhance the extraction efficiency of free low molecular-weight polyphenols in selected species of dietary vegetables. the process involves two simple steps. first, the homogenized samples are extracted and partitioned using an organic sol ...201222964046
the optimization of regeneration tissue culture system of three chilli peppers cultivars based on the uniform design and the mathematical model equation.using uniform random design optimization and the mathematical model equation we optimized the regeneration tissue culture system of the chilli pepper. an efficient and detailed plant reproducible protocol in vitro has been established using different explants and induction media for three chilli pepper cultivars. the result displayed that the seedlings at the curved hypocotyl stage were the best choice to prepare for explants, the genotype of explants affected shoot buds induction frequency and ...201222963918
sustainable nitrogen fertilisation in sweet pepper: assessing growth and fruit quality and the potential nitrate pollution from different organic manures.the use of organic cultivation with manures does not avoid the risk of high nitrate concentrations if nutrient management is inefficient. so we studied the influence of three organic manures combined or not with additional chemical fertilisers on growth and yield of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum l.), and on the soil and plant n concentrations.201322952167
fumigant toxicity of plant essential oils against camptomyia corticalis (diptera: cecidomyiidae).the toxicity of 98 plant essential oils against third instars of cecidomyiid gall midge camptomyia corticalis (loew) (diptera: cecidomyiidae) was examined using a vapor-phase mortality bioassay. results were compared with that of a conventional insecticide dichlorvos. based on 24-h lc50 values, all essential oils were less toxic than dichlorvos (lc50, 0.027 mg/cm3). the lc50 of caraway (carum carvi l.) seed, armoise (artemisia vulgaris l.), clary sage (salvia sclarea l.), oregano (origanum vulga ...201222928313
physiological and morphological changes during early and later stages of fruit growth in capsicum annuum.fruit-set involves a series of physiological and morphological changes that are well described for tomato and arabidopsis, but largely unknown for sweet pepper (capsicum annuum). the aim of this paper is to investigate whether mechanisms of fruit-set observed in arabidopsis and tomato are also applicable to c. annuum. to do this, we accurately timed the physiological and morphological changes in a post-pollinated and un-pollinated ovary. a vascular connection between ovule and replum was observe ...201322889158
assessment of total aflatoxin level in red pepper obtained from istanbul.aflatoxins (aspergillus flavus toxins (aft)) are biologically active secondary metabolites mostly produced by some aspergillus species that causes hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, immunotoxicity, and cancers in human. the aim of this study is to determine the level of total aft in powdered red pepper in the retail markets in 40 district of istanbul using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. of the 36 unpacked powdered red pepper samples, 32 samples (88%) contained aft in the range of 0.2-106.4 µg/k ...201322851524
serving styles of raw snack vegetables. what do children want?the primary aim of this study was to investigate how serving styles of snack vegetables appeal to children, focusing on size and shape. a secondary aim was to investigate children's willingness to participate in fruit and vegetable subscription services at school, and how these could be designed. one hundred and thirty eight children aged 9-12 years indicated their liking for a snack meal comprising a combination of carrots, cucumber, and red pepper. the meal was presented in eight different ser ...201222796947
virulence of meloidogyne incognita to expression of n gene in pepper.four pepper genotypes classified as resistant and four pepper genotypes classified as susceptible to several avirulent populations of m. incognita were compared for their reactions against a population of meloidogyne incognita (chitwood) kofoid and white which had been shown to be virulent to resistant bell pepper (capsicum annuum) in preliminary tests. the virulent population of m. incognita originated from a commercial bell pepper field in california. the resistant pepper genotypes used in all ...201122791917
the protective mechanisms of cahsp26 in transgenic tobacco to alleviate photoinhibition of psii during chilling stress.a known sweet pepper cdna clone, cahsp26 encoding the chloroplast-localized small heat shock protein (cpshsp), was isolated and introduced into tobacco plants. it has been reported that cahsp26 is a member of the cpshsp gene family related to extreme temperature tolerance in plants. in the present work, the transcripts were detected in the transgenic tobacco lines. the actual quantum yield of photosynthesis (φpsii), non-photochemical quenching, and stomatal conductance (gs) in the transgenic lin ...201222790321
a quantitative and direct pcr assay for the subspecies-specific detection of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis based on a ferredoxin reductase gene.the gram-positive bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is the causal agent of canker disease in tomato. because it is very important to control newly introduced inoculum sources from commercial materials, the specific detection of this pathogen in seeds and seedlings is essential for effective disease control. in this study, a novel and efficient assay for the detection and quantitation of c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in symptomless tomato and red pepper seeds was de ...201222752914
capsaicin inhibits benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis in an in vivo mouse model.lung cancer is a serious health problem in most developed countries and its incidence rate is profusely increasing. capsaicin, a component of red chilli and red pepper has been studied widely for its chemopreventive properties. the aim of the present study is to explore the anti-tumor activity of capsaicin against benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung tumorigenesis in swiss albino mice.201222735861
acute effects of capsaicin on proopioimelanocortin mrna levels in the arcuate nucleus of sprague-dawley rats.capsaicin, a noxious stimulant and main component of the hot flavor of red peppers, has an analgesic effect when administered to humans. we investigated the expression of proopioimelanocortin (pomc) mrna in the arcuate nucleus of sprague-dawley (sd) rats after administering capsaicin, hypothesizing that administering capsaicin activates the central opioid system.201222707971
activation of defence in sweet pepper, capsicum annum, by cis-jasmone, and its impact on aphid and aphid parasitoid behaviour.two important pests of the sweet pepper, capsicum annuum, are the peach potato aphid, myzus persicae, and the glasshouse potato aphid, aulacorthum solani. current aphid control measures include the use of biological control agents, i.e., parasitic wasps, but with varying levels of success. one option to increase parasitoid efficiency is to activate plant defence. therefore, sweet pepper plants were treated with the naturally occurring plant defence activator cis-jasmone, and its impact upon the ...201222696464
snp marker integration and qtl analysis of 12 agronomic and morphological traits in f₈ rils of pepper (capsicum annuum l.).red pepper, capsicum annuum l., has been attracting geneticists' and breeders' attention as one of the important agronomic crops. this study was to integrate 41 snp markers newly developed from comparative transcriptomes into a previous linkage map, and map 12 agronomic and morphological traits into the integrated map. a total of 39 markers found precise position and were assigned to 13 linkage groups (lgs) as well as the unassigned lge, leading to total 458 molecular markers present in this gen ...201222684870
colonizing ability of pseudomonas fluorescens 2112, among collections of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing pseudomonas fluorescens spp. in pea rhizosphere.pseudomonas fluorescens 2112, isolated in korea as an indigenous antagonistic bacteria, can produce 2,4- diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-dapg) and the siderophore pyoveridin2112 for the control of phytophthora blight of red-pepper. p. fluorescens 2112 was classified into a new genotype c among the 17 genotypes of 2,4-dapg producers, by phld restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). the colonizing ability of p. fluorescens 2112 in pea rhizosphere was equal to the well-known pea colonizers, p. ...201222573152
influence of agricultural practices on fruit quality of bell pepper.an experiment was carried out under plastic house conditions to compare the effect of four fermented organic matter sources (cattle, poultry and sheep manure in addition to 1:1:1 mixture of the three organic matter sources) in which 4 kg organic matter m(-2) were used, with that of the conventional agriculture (chemical fertilizers) treatments on marvello red pepper fruit quality, by using a randomized complete block design (rcbd) with four replicates. pepper fruits characteristics cultivated in ...201122518928
microbial composition of the korean traditional food "kochujang" analyzed by a massive sequencing technique.kochujang is a traditional korean fermented food that is made with red pepper, glutinous rice, salt, and soybean. kochujang is fermented by naturally occurring microorganisms through which it obtains various health-promoting properties. in this study, the bacterial diversities of 9 local and 2 commercial brands of kochujang were analyzed with a barcoded pyrosequencing technique targeting the hyper-variable regions v1/v2 of the 16s rrna gene. through the analysis of 13524 bacterial pyrosequences, ...201222515251
[distribution and accumulation characteristics of nutrients in solar greenhouse soil in ji'nan, shandong province of east china].taking the solar greenhouses with different cultivating years and vegetables in ji'nan as test objects, this paper studied the amounts and frequency distribution of soil nutrients and the relationships between cultivating years and soil nutrients accumulation characteristics, and analyzed the factors causing soil salinization and acidification by fitting soil nutrients contents with cultivating years and vegetables. in the greenhouses, the contents of soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available ...201222489488
ultrasound-guided breast biopsy for surgical residents: evaluation of a phantom model.ultrasound is increasingly used by surgeons for evaluation of breast lesions. while surgical residents have sufficient exposure to breast surgery, many lack exposure to office-based procedures, such as ultrasound-guided breast biopsy. a phantom model was created to teach surgical residents basic breast ultrasound and biopsy skills and to evaluate the resident's response when incorporated into the curriculum.201222483146
effect of sampling size on the determination of accurate pesticide residue levels in japanese agricultural commodities.the uncertainty in pesticide residue levels (uprl) associated with sampling size was estimated using individual acetamiprid and cypermethrin residue data from preharvested apple, broccoli, cabbage, grape, and sweet pepper samples. the relative standard deviation from the mean of each sampling size (n = 2(x), where x = 1-6) of randomly selected samples was defined as the uprl for each sampling size. the estimated uprls, which were calculated on the basis of the regulatory sampling size recommende ...201222475588
immobilizer-assisted management of metal-contaminated agricultural soils for safer food production.production of food crops on metal contaminated agricultural soils is of concern because consumers are potentially exposed to hazardous metals via dietary intake of such crops or crop derived products. therefore, the current study was conducted to develop management protocols for crop cultivation to allow safer food production. metal uptake, as influenced by ph change-induced immobilizing agents (dolomite, steel slag, and agricultural lime) and sorption agents (zeolite and compost), was monitored ...201222446136
comparative chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of essential oil isolated from the leaves of cinnamomum tamala and pimenta dioica.cinnamomum tamala nees and eberm (tejpat) and pimenta dioica (l.) merr (pimento) leaves are commonly used for flavouring food and widely used in pharmaceutical preparations because of their hypoglycemic, carminative and stimulant properties. in this study, we compared the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of tejpat and pimento essential oils by employing various in vitro methods. gc and gc-ms analyses were done to find out the chemical composition, and the main constituent identifi ...201322424088
flow injection assessment of nitrate contents in fresh and cooked fruits and vegetables grown in fiji.nitrates form part of the essential chemistry of soils and plants. thus, plant roots are able to absorb nitrate directly from the soil. it has been discovered that human nitrate intake is mainly from vegetables. vegetables play an important role in human nutrition since they are an outstanding source for vitamins, minerals, and biologically active compounds. in risk assessment of nitrate contents, this study reports the nitrate levels of 8 commonly consumed fruits and vegetables grown in fiji, t ...201122417577
chemical composition and nutritive value of lantana and sweet pepper seeds and nabak seed kernels.chemical analysis was carried out on lantana (lantana camara) and sweet pepper (capsicum annuum l.) seeds and nabak (zizyphus spina-christi) seed kernels. the proximate analysis (on dry weight basis) of sweet pepper seeds, lantana seeds, and nabak seed kernels showed the following composition: moisture 70.95%, 17.27%, and 4.22%; ash 4.88%, 1.81%, and 3.51%; fat 19.57%, 11.0%, and 30.19%; crude protein 19.28%, 6.3%, and 38.2%; and carbohydrate 56.3%, 80.9%, and 28.1%, respectively. for minerals, ...201422417420
mechanism-based inhibition of recombinant human cytochrome p450 3a4 by tomato juice extract.this study investigates whether tomato juice can inhibit cytochrome p450 (cyp) 3a4-mediated drug metabolism. three commercially available, additive-free tomato juices, along with homogenized fresh tomato, were analyzed for their ability to inhibit testosterone 6β-hydroxylation activity using human recombinant cyp3a4. results were compared to that of grapefruit juice. ethyl acetate extracts of the tomato juices moderately reduced residual activity of cyp3a4 testosterone 6β-hydroxylation activity ...201222382318
occupational rhinitis induced by capsaicin.capsaicin is the spice component of red pepper. it can be easily inhaled, inducing a reproducible cough and provokes a secretory response from the human nasal mucosa. to date, there has been no report of occupational rhinitis (or) caused by capsaicin. we report the case of a 44-year-old female mill worker who developed occupational rhinitis after 4 years of exposure to capsaicin. she developed nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and itchy nose, which were all aggravated upon exposure at the workplace. ...201222379606
effect of storage temperature on survival and growth of foodborne pathogens on whole, damaged, and internally inoculated jalapeños (capsicum annuum var. annuum).there is a lack of general knowledge regarding the behavior of foodborne pathogenic bacteria associated with jalapeño peppers. the survival and growth behaviors of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, and salmonella enterica on the interior and exterior of jalapeño peppers were determined under different storage conditions. jalapeños were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of l. monocytogenes, e. coli o157:h7, or s. enterica on the intact external surface, injured external surfa ...201222289602
activity and expression of polygalacturonase vary at different fruit ripening stages of sweet pepper cultivars.activity and expression of polygalacturonase (pg), a hydrolytic enzyme involved in ultrastructural changes in the pericarp of sweet pepper (capsicum annaum), were investigated at different ripening stages of the pepper cultivars mandi and talanduo. molecular cloning of capg was carried out by constructing a cdna library from three stages of fruit ripening. morphological determination, pg assay, rt-pcr, and ultrastructural studies were used to quantify changes in capg gene expression in the peric ...201122180000
radio-frequency heating to inactivate salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli o157:h7 on black and red pepper spice.the efficacy of radio-frequency (rf) heating to inactivate salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli o157:h7 on black and red pepper spice was investigated. a 27.12mhz rf heating system consisted of two parallel-plate electrodes was used, with the sample being placed between them. black peppers (whole and ground) and red peppers (+16mesh, -16+25mesh, and -25mesh) inoculated with s. typhimurium and e. coli o157:h7 were treated with rf energy during 50s for black peppers and 40s for red peppers, ...201122153186
Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress by capsaicin.This study investigated the effect of capsaicin (the active principle of hot red pepper and a sensory excitotoxin) on oxidative stress after systemic administration of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (100 µg/kg, i.p.) in rats. Capsaicin (15, 150 or 1,500 µg/kg; 10, 100 or 400 µg/mL) was given via intragastric (i.g.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes at time of endotoxin administration. Rats were killed 4 h later. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in brain, liver, ...201122127606
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Capsicum baccatum: From traditional use to scientific approach.Peppers from Capsicum species (Solanaceae) are native to Central and South America, and are commonly used as food and also for a broad variety of medicinal applications.201222100562
genetic diversity and mycotoxin production of fusarium lactis species complex isolates from sweet pepper.an internal fruit rot disease of sweet peppers was first detected in belgium in 2003. research conducted mostly in canada indicates that this disease is primarily caused by fusarium lactis pirotta. ninety-eight fusarium isolates obtained from diseased sweet peppers from belgium, as well as from other countries (canada, the netherlands and the united kingdom) were identified by sequencing the translation elongation factor 1α (ef). of these 98 isolates, 13 were identified as f. oxysporum schltdl., ...201122098923
spices and energy balance.the sensory properties of foods and beverages are primary determinants of food choice. some flavor components have an inherent hedonic valence that influences ingestive behavior. however, these hedonic impressions may be modified and others newly formed through their association with the post-ingestive consequences of food and beverage consumption. flavor-active compounds, including spices, also modify digestive, absorptive and metabolic processes through direct activation of signaling pathways ...201222079580
effect of starter culture, spice mix and storage time and temperature on biogenic amine content of dry fermented sausages.two types of dry fermented sausage differing in spicing mixture and the diameter (low content of red pepper+diameter 80 mm, h-sausage; high content of red pepper+diameter 55 mm, p-sausage, respectively) were produced in parallel with two different starter cultures (pediococcus pentosaceus+staphylococcus carnosus, b-samples and s. carnosus+staphylococcus xylosus+lactobacillus farciminis, f-samples, respectively). the sausages were ripened 21 days and subsequently stored 91 days at the room temper ...200422061810
polyphenolic compounds in clove and pimento and their antioxidative activities.two new polyphenolic glucosides, 6'-o-acetylisobiflorin (1) and (2s)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,2-diol 1-o-(6'-o-galloyl)-β-d-glucoside (2), were respectively isolated from the flower buds of syzygium aromaticum and berries of pimenta dioica. each structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analyses (nmr, ms and [α](d)) and chemical conversion. a total of twenty-seven known compounds from the plants were also characterized. the antioxidative activity of their extracts and the ...201122056438
the effects of capsaicin and capsiate on energy balance: critical review and meta-analyses of studies in humans.consumption of spicy foods containing capsaicin, the major pungent principle in hot peppers, reportedly promotes negative energy balance. however, many individuals abstain from spicy foods due to the sensory burn and pain elicited by the capsaicin molecule. a potential alternative for nonusers of spicy foods who wish to exploit this energy balance property is consumption of nonpungent peppers rich in capsiate, a recently identified nonpungent capsaicin analog contained in ch-19 sweet peppers. ca ...201222038945
determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in capsicum fruit samples using high performance liquid chromatography.the aim of the present study was to determine the content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in capsicum samples collected from city markets in riyadh (saudi arabia), calculate their pungency in scoville heat units (shu) and evaluate the average daily intake of capsaicin for the population of riyadh. the investigated samples consisted of hot chillies, red chillies, green chillies, green peppers, red peppers and yellow peppers. extraction of capsaicinoids was done using ethanol as solvent, while h ...201122024959
a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism-based approach to trace and identify outbreaks linked to a common salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar montevideo pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type.in this study, we report a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-based evolutionary approach to study the epidemiology of a multistate outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar montevideo. this outbreak included 272 cases that occurred in 44 states between july 2009 and april 2010. a case-control study linked the consumption of salami made with contaminated black and red pepper to the outbreak. we sequenced, on the solid system, 47 isolates with xbai pfge pattern jixx01 ...201122003026
capsaicin induces apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant stomach cancer cells by causing degradation of cisplatin-inducible aurora-a protein.various chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin have been used to treat gastric cancer. however, a substantial number of patients acquire resistance to this treatment, and this is followed by rapid relapse of the disease. we investigated the anticancer effect of capsaicin, the active ingredient in red pepper, in the cisplatin-resistant korean human gastric cancer cell line snu-668. we found that treatment of snu-668 cells with capsaicin in combination with cisplatin induced higher apoptotic ce ...201121932983
Beneficial Effects of Capsiate on Ethanol-Induced Mucosal Injury in Rats Are Related to Stimulation of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Release.Capsiate is a non-pungent analogue of capsaicin from CH-19 Sweet peppers. Capsaicin is reported to trigger calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release through activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) and produces beneficial effects on gastric mucosa. This study aimed to investigate whether capsiate is able to produce beneficial effects on gastric mucosa and whether the protective effects of capsipate occur through a mechanism involving the activation of ...201121928164
mycotoxin production by isolates of fusarium lactis from greenhouse sweet pepper (capsicum annuum).internal fruit rot, caused by fusarium lactis, is an important disease of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum) in canadian greenhouses. production of the mycotoxins fumonisin b₁ (fb₁), moniliformin (mon) and beauvericin (bea) by f. lactis (17 isolates) and the related species f. proliferatum (three isolates) and f. verticillioides (one isolate), which are also associated with internal fruit rot, was evaluated on rice medium. all 21 isolates examined were found to produce bea, at concentrations ranging ...201121903288
activation of trpa1 by a non-pungent capsaicin-like compound, capsiate.background and purpose  capsiate is produced by 'ch-19 sweet' (capsicum annuun l.), a non-pungent cultivar of red pepper. like capsaicin, capsiate is thought to enhance energy metabolism by activating the sympathetic nervous system and suppressing inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms for this are uncertain. we previously reported that capsiate could activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (trpv1), a capsaicin receptor. the purpose of the present study is to investigate whether c ...201121883144
Studies on antimicrobial activities of solvent extracts of different spices.The antimicrobial activities of the ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extract of 12 plant species were studied. The extract of Capsicum annuum (red pepper) (fruit) Zingiber officinale (ginger) (root), Cuminum cyminum (cumin), Alpinia ficinarum (galingale), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Cinnamomun zeylanicum Nees (cinnamomun), Origanum onites L. (thyme), Folium sennae (senna), Eugenia caryophyllata (cloves), Flos tiliae (lime), Folium menthae crispae (peppermint) and Piper nigrum (blackpepper ...201121882663
Interaction of microbial ß-glucuronidase with vegetable pectins.The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of vegetable carbohydrates on the activity of microbial ß-glucuronidase (ßG) and the adsorption of the enzyme on carbohydrates. This study used pectin-protein complexes (PPCs) with molecular weights of 300 kDa isolated under conditions simulating a gastric environment from cabbage (HCl-PPCC and HCl+pepsin-PPCCP) and sweet pepper (PPCP and PPCPP). As a sample for comparison, microcrystalline cellulose was used. The activity of ßG f ...201121859154
plant ferredoxin-like protein (pflp) outside chloroplast in arabidopsis enhances disease resistance against bacterial pathogens.protection of crops against bacterial disease is an important issue in agricultural production. one of the strategies to lead plants become resistant against bacterial pathogens is employing a transgene, like plant ferredoxin-like protein (pflp). pflp is a photosynthetic type ferredoxin isolated from sweet pepper and contains a signal peptide for targeting towards chloroplasts. our previous reports indicated that transgenic plants with this protein are more resistant against bacterial pathogens. ...201021802603
comparative study on the chemical composition, antioxidant properties and hypoglycaemic activities of two capsicum annuum l. cultivars (acuminatum small and cerasiferum).the present study aimed to evaluate for the first time the phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content and the antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties of capsicum annuum var. acuminatum small and c. annuum var. cerasiferum air-dried fruits. the ethanol extract of c. annuum var. acuminatum small, characterized by the major content of total poliphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and capsaicinoids, showed the highest radical scavenging activity (ic(50) of 152.9 μg/ml). on ...201121792679
influence of fruit ripening stage and harvest period on the antioxidant content of sweet pepper cultivars.pepper (capsicum annuum l.) fruits are highly appreciated by producers and consumers for their economical and nutritional value. four different cultivars of coloured peppers in immature and mature stages were harvested throughout the spring and examined for their content of phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and total antioxidant capacity (taa) as well as for lipid peroxidation and carbonyl proteins as index of oxidative stress. ripening and harvest period influenced the antioxidants and the deve ...201121792678
cross-reactivity between natural rubber latex and food allergens.immediate-type hypersensitivity to latex is a growing problem, especially among health care workers (hcws) and patients requiring long-term catheterization and multiple operations. the responsible allergens are latex proteins, which are found in raw latex, as well as in various latex-containing products. more than 200 polypeptides can be discerned in latex sap and of these, 60 proteins showed reactivity with ige antibodies from patients with latex allergy. several of these proteins have been cha ...199721781817
capsaicin represses transcriptional activity of ß-catenin in human colorectal cancer cells.capsaicin is a pungent ingredient in chili red peppers and has been linked to suppression of growth in various cancer cells. however, the underlying mechanism(s) by which capsaicin induces growth arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells is not completely understood. in the present study, we investigated whether capsaicin alters ß-catenin-dependent signaling in human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. exposure of sw480, lovo and hct-116 cells to capsaicin suppressed cell proliferation. transient trans ...201121764279
heterology expression of the sweet pepper cbf3 gene confers elevated tolerance to chilling stress in transgenic tobacco.various studies have confirmed that the cbf (c-repeat binding factor) family of transcription factors has a key role in regulating many plants' responses to cold stress. here we isolated cbf3 from sweet pepper (capsicum frutescens). green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion protein of cfcbf3 was targeted to the nucleus of the onion epidermis cell. rna gel blot analysis indicated that cfcbf3 was expressed in leaves of sweet pepper and the expression was induced by low temperature, drought and salini ...201121724293
transcriptome profiling and molecular marker discovery in red pepper, capsicum annuum l. tf68.transcriptome from high throughput sequencing-by-synthesis is a good resource of molecular markers. in this study, we present utility of massively parallel sequencing by synthesis for profiling the transcriptome of red pepper (capsicum annuum l. tf68) using 454 gs-flx pyrosequencing. through the generation of approximately 30.63 megabases (mb) of expressed sequence tag (est) data with the average length of 375 base pairs (bp), 9,818 contigs and 23,712 singletons were obtained by raw reads assemb ...201221706160
niosomes vs microemulsions: new carriers for topical delivery of capsaicin.the development of advanced biomaterials and drug-delivery systems has had a significant impact on our ability to treat several diseases. a new study was performed on niosomal formulations obtained from a mixture of commercial surfactants (tween 80 and span 80) to be applied topically for the release of capsaicin. capsaicin is the pungent principle of red pepper and it has a variety of pharmacological actions on the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems. niosomal carriers were prepared ...201121684725
effect of combination on the antioxidant and inhibitory properties of tropical pepper varieties against ╬▒-amylase and ╬▒-glucosidase activities in vitro.abstract pepper used as a spice for food preparations is usually a single type or a combination of several different varieties. this choice is usually based on individual preferences, without consideration of health benefits. therefore, the present study investigated the health benefits of a combination of 3 pepper varieties commonly consumed in nigeria. aqueous extracts (1:100ôçëw/v) of capsicum annuum var. grossum, c. annuum var. abbreviatum, and c. annuum var. accuminatum and a combination of ...201121663471
effects of capsaicin on lipid catabolism in 3t3-l1 adipocytes.capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is a pungent ingredient of red peppers, and has been reported to reduce body weight gain and adiposity in rodents. the present study investigated the effects of capsaicin on lipid catabolism in differentiated 3t3-l1 adipocytes. capsaicin decreased the intracellular lipid content in a concentration-dependent manner. the release of glycerol into the medium was increased by the addition of capsaicin. the mrna levels of genes involved in lipid catabolism ...201121626599
impact of biochar application to soil on the root-associated bacterial community structure of fully developed greenhouse pepper plants.adding biochar to soil has environmental and agricultural potential due to its long-term carbon sequestration capacity and its ability to improve crop productivity. recent studies have demonstrated that soil-applied biochar promotes systemic resistance of plants to several prominent foliar pathogens. one potential mechanism for this phenomenon is root-associated microbial elicitors whose presence is somehow augmented in the biochar-amended soils. the objective of this study was to assess the eff ...201121622786
trpv1 agonist monoacylglycerol increases ucp1 content in brown adipose tissue and suppresses accumulation of visceral fat in mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet.the administration of such a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (trpv1) agonist as capsaicin, which is a pungent ingredient of red pepper, promotes energy metabolism and suppresses visceral fat accumulation. we have recently identified monoacylglycerols (mgs) having an unsaturated long-chain fatty acid as the novel trpv1 agonist in foods. we investigated in this present study the effects of dietary mgs on uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) expression in interscapular brown adipose tissue (ibat) a ...201121597186
effect of red pepper on symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: preliminary study.abdominal pain, that characterizes irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) together with bloating and disordered defecation, is mainly related to a visceral hypersensitivity due to an increase of trpv(1) nociceptive nerve fiber activity.201121573941
cellulase applied to the leaves of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum l. var. grossum) upregulates the production of salicylic and azelaic acids.treating the leaves of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum l. var. grossum) with an aqueous solution of cellulase resulted in a four-fold increase in the salicylic acid level compared to a control plant. the level of endogenous azelaic acid was also elevated by the cellulase treatment. azelaic acid has recently been reported to act as a mobile "priming" agent to arm plants against pathogenic attack. our results are consistent with this and that the cellulase treatment enhanced the ability of sweet pep ...201121512237
field trial measuring the compatibility of methoxyfenozide and flonicamid with orius laevigatus fieber (hemiptera: anthocoridae) and amblyseius swirskii (athias-henriot) (acari: phytoseiidae) in a commercial pepper greenhouse.frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) and bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) are among the most serious pests of sweet peppers in greenhouses. chemical control is difficult because of their high reproductive rates and insecticide resistance, and seasonal inoculative releases of orius laevigatus (fieber) and amblyseius swirskii (athias-henriot) are commonly used to reduce their populations. as chemical treatments are often needed in the crop against othe ...201121495158
the vanilloid capsaicin induces il-6 secretion in prostate pc-3 cancer cells.capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a constituent of green and red peppers, has been linked with suppression of tumorigenesis through a mechanism that is not well understood. in the present study, we examined the effects of capsaicin on the production of the cytokine interleukin (il)-6 by pc-3 cells at both protein and mrna levels which were evaluated by elisa and real-time pcr, respectively. capsaicin-treated pc-3 cells increased the synthesis and secretion of il-6 which was abrogated ...201121474332
root treatment with rhizobacteria antagonistic to phytophthora blight affects anthracnose occurrence, ripening, and yield of pepper fruit in the plastic house and field.we previously selected rhizobacterial strains ccr04, ccr80, gse09, ise13, and ise14, which were antagonistic to phytophthora blight of pepper. in this study, we investigated the effects of root treatment of rhizobacteria on anthracnose occurrence, ripening, and yield of pepper fruit in the plastic house and field in 2008 and 2009. we also examined the effects of volatiles produced by the strains on fruit ripening and on mycelial growth and spore development of colletotrichum acutatum and phytoph ...201121405997
trapping whiteflies? a comparison of greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum) responses to trap crops and yellow sticky traps.greenhouse whiteflies, trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood), are notorious pests that, through the reduction of crop yields and excretion of honeydew, cause significant economic losses for sweet pepper (capsicum annuum l.) growers. chemical and biological controls are the two most common forms of whitefly management in greenhouses. consequently, insecticide resistance and inadequate control have rejuvenated interest in alternative tactics. in the present study, whitefly responses to trap crops ( ...201121394873
toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of isoeugenol (cas no. 97-54-1) in f344/n rats and b6c3f1 mice (gavage studies).isoeugenol is one of several structurally similar phenylpropenoid compounds produced by plants. it has been extracted from calamus, savory, basil, ylang-ylang, clove, tuberose, jonquil, nutmeg, tobacco, sandalwood, dill seed, mace, gardenia, petunia, and other flowers. isoeugenol can also be produced by isomerization of eugenol, which occurs naturally in clove, pimento, bay leaf, and cinnamon. as a fragrance with a spicy, carnation-like odor, isoeugenol is incorporated into numerous household an ...201021372857
neuroprotection by spice-derived nutraceuticals: you are what you eat!numerous lines of evidence indicate that chronic inflammation plays a major role in the development of various neurodegenerative diseases, including alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumor, and meningitis. why these diseases are more common among people from some countries than others is not fully understood, but lifestyle factors have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. for example, the incidence of certain neurodegenerative diseases a ...201121360003
studies on the metabolism and toxicology of emerging capsinoids.introduction: capsinoids are nonpungent compounds that are found in almost all pungent peppers and are abundant in the sweet pepper cultivar ch-19 sweet. since the discovery of capsinoids 13 years ago, various physiological effects of these compounds - especially reduction of visceral fat - have been observed both in rodents and humans. recently, capsules containing capsinoids have become commercially available and comprehensive studies have been performed on the metabolism and toxicity of capsi ...201121355789
[effect of sweet pepper, enriched with selenium, on the transplantable ehrlich carcinoma in mice].effect of sweet pepper enriched and non-enriched with se on ehrlich carcinoma growth at balb/c mice was investigated. 1000 mg/kg of both preparations of sweet pepper (per os administration for mice of 9 months age) inhibited an early stage of tumour growth on 42-62% and 37-65% respectively. no effect on tumour growth was registered for 4 months mice.201021341476
efficient sweet pepper transformation mediated by the baby boom transcription factor.pepper (capsicum l.) is a nutritionally and economically important crop that is cultivated throughout the world as a vegetable, condiment, and food additive. genetic transformation using agrobacterium tumefaciens (agrobacterium) is a powerful biotechnology tool that could be used in pepper to develop community-based functional genomics resources and to introduce important agronomic traits. however, pepper is considered to be highly recalcitrant for agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and curr ...201121305301
enhancement of growth and salt tolerance of red pepper seedlings (capsicum annuum l.) by regulating stress ethylene synthesis with halotolerant bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity.three 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase-producing halotolerant bacteria were isolated from west coast soil of yellow sea, incheon, south korea and evaluated for their efficiency in improving red pepper plant growth under salt stress. the strains rs16, rs656 and rs111 were identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing as brevibacterium iodinum, bacillus licheniformis and zhihengliuela alba, respectively. two hour exposure of 100, 150 and 200 mm nacl stress on 8 day old red pepper see ...201121300550
capsaicinoids-induced changes of plasma glucose, free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations in rats.red peppers are used as a spice for enhancing the palatability of foods. two major capsaicinoids, dihydrocapsaicin (dhc) and capsaicin (cap) are responsible for up to 90% of the total pungency of pepper fruits. these capsaicinoids are known to enhance energy metabolism and thermogenesis. however, there is a little information on the effects of capsaicinoids on the lipolysis and carbohydrate metabolism. we studied the effects of dhc and cap on plasma glucose, free fatty acid (ffa) and glycerol co ...201121297348
composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil of pimento (pimenta dioica (l) merr.) from jamaica.the composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained through hydrodistillation of pimento berry [pimenta dioica (l.) merr] samples, namely p1 and p2, sourced from jamaica, were studied. the chemical composition was analysed by gc and gc-ms methods. the antioxidant activities of the oils were evaluated in terms of their free-radical-scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (abts) rad ...201121246442
'candidatus phytoplasma costaricanum' a new phytoplasma associated with a newly emerging disease in soybean in costa rica.a new phytoplasma associated with a newly emerging soybean (glycine max) disease, soybean stunt (soyst), was found in 2002 in a soybean plantation in alajuela province, costa rica. the same or very closely related phytoplasma also infected sweet pepper (capsicum annuum) with purple vein syndrome (swppv) and passion fruit vine (passiflora edulis) with bud proliferation (pasfbp) in the same region. sequence analysis of cloned 16s rdnas (genbank accession nos. fj226068-fj226073 and hq225624-hq22563 ...201121216914
salmonella montevideo infections associated with salami products made with contaminated imported black and red pepper --- united states, july 2009-april 2010.in august and september 2009, pulsenet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, detected a multistate cluster of salmonella montevideo infections with an indistinguishable pulse-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) pattern (xbai pfge pattern jixx01.0011). cases were geographically dispersed, and the age and sex distributions were typical for reported salmonella cases. montevideo is the seventh most common salmonella serotype in the united states; of 1,225 pfge pa ...201021178949
the effects of hedonically acceptable red pepper doses on thermogenesis and appetite.previous studies suggest consumption of red pepper (rp) promotes negative energy balance. however, the rp dose provided in these studies (up to 10 g/meal) usually exceeded the amount preferred by the general population in the united states (mean=~1 g/meal). the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hedonically acceptable rp doses served at a single meal in healthy, lean individuals on thermogenesis and appetite. twenty-five men and women (aged 23.0 ± 0.5 years, bmi 22.6 ± 0.3 kg ...201121093467
[screening of potential antibiotics, inhibitors of the nonmevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis--2-c-methyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate derivatives].the recently discovered nonmevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis is a prospective target in screening of new antibiotics. because of the absence of the pathway in the animal cells, the specific inhibitors of the pathway will be a new class of antibiotics against many pathogens (which cause, e.g., malaria, tuberculosis, etc), combining high efficiency and low toxicity. several derivatives of 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate (mec) were synthesized. 4-phospho-methyl-d-erythritol ...201021033467
expression of sweet pepper hrap gene in banana enhances resistance to xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum.banana xanthomonas wilt (bxw), caused by the bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum, is the most devastating disease of banana in the great lakes region of africa. the pathogen's rapid spread has threatened the livelihood of millions of africans who rely on banana fruit for food security and income. the disease is very destructive, infecting all banana varieties, including both east african highland bananas and exotic types of banana. in the absence of natural host plant resistance amon ...201021029318
recent advances in the study on capsaicinoids and capsinoids.chili peppers are the major source of nature capsaicinoids, which consist of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, and homocapsaicin, etc. capsaicinoids are found to exert multiple pharmacological and physiological effects including the activities of analgesia, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antioxidant and anti-obesity. therefore, capsaicinoids may have the potential value in clinic for pain relief, cancer prevention and weight loss. in addition, capsaicinoids ...201120946891
expression of pat and npt ii proteins during the developmental stages of a genetically modified pepper developed in korea.estimation of the protein levels introduced in a biotechnology-derived product is conducted as part of an overall safety assessment. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to analyze phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (pat) and neomycin phosphotransferase ii (npt ii) protein expression in a genetically modified (gm) pepper plant developed in korea. pat and npt ii expression levels, based on both dry weight and fresh weight, were variable among different plant generations and plant ...201020873787
effect of polyacetylenic acids from prunella vulgaris on various plant pathogens.this study is aiming at characterizing antifungal substances from the methanol extract of prunella vulgaris and at investigating those substances' antifungal and antioomycete activities against various plant pathogens.201020849392
production and migration of mycotoxins in sweet pepper analyzed by multimycotoxin lc-ms/ms.in this work the presence and migration behavior of mycotoxins formed in sweet pepper, inoculated by fusarium species involved in internal fruit rot, were investigated. two different commercial sweet pepper cultivars were inoculated with two different fusarium proliferatum isolates that were sampled from diseased peppers. after 10 days of incubation at 20 °c in a closed container, the lesion caused by the fungal infection was dissected. around the lesion, up to three concentric rings of pepper f ...201020825158
effect of biofumigation with manure amendments and repeated biosolarization on fusarium densities in pepper crops.in the region of murcia (southeast spain), sweet pepper has been grown as a monoculture in greenhouses for many years. until 2005, when it was banned, soils were disinfested with methyl bromide (mb) to control pathogens and to prevent soil fatigue effects. the genus fusarium plays an important role in the microbiological component associated with yield decline in pepper monocultures. in the present study, soils were treated with manure amendments, alone (biofumigation, b) or in combination with ...201120820866
effects of postharvest treatments on fruit quality of sweet pepper at low temperature.postharvest storage of sweet pepper fruits (capsicum annuum l.) at low temperatures could impair their physical and chemical composition. therefore, maintenance of essential nutrition support or altered gas exchange could preserve fruit quality, minimizing chilling injury. thus our aim was to determine the response to postharvest application of a low concentration of nitrogen (urea) or antitranspirant (pinolene) during a period of 21 days at 5 °c.201020812372
hypoxanthine levels in human urine serve as a screening indicator for the plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein modulation activities of fermented red pepper paste.fermented red pepper paste (frpp) is one of the most well-known traditional foods in korea. the effects of frpp in experimental animals and adipocytes have been previously reported. however, the biochemical effects have not yet been validated in humans with various genetic backgrounds and environmental factors. in this study, 28 female volunteers (body mass index, more than 23 kg/m(2)) aged 19 to 60 years were treated with either frpp or a placebo for 12 weeks. marked cholesterol modulation was ...201020797477
metabolomic characterization of italian sweet pepper (capsicum annum l.) by means of hrmas-nmr spectroscopy and multivariate analysis.hrmas-nmr spectroscopy was used to assess the metabolic profile of sweet pepper (capsicum annum l.). one-dimensional and two-dimensional nmr spectra, performed directly on sample pieces of few milligrams, hence without any chemical and/or physical manipulation, allowed the assignment of several compounds. organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids, and minor compounds such as trigonelline, c4-substituted pyridine, choline, and cinnamic derivatives were observed with a single experiment. a significa ...201020715777
fruits and vegetables protect against the genotoxicity of heterocyclic aromatic amines activated by human xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes expressed in immortal mammalian cells.heterocyclic aromatic amines (haas) can be formed during the cooking of meat and fish at elevated temperatures and are associated with an increased risk for cancer. on the other hand, epidemiological findings suggest that foods rich in fruits and vegetables can protect against cancer. in the present study three teas, two wines, and the juices of 15 fruits and 11 vegetables were investigated for their protective effect against the genotoxic effects of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq) ...201020713174
the 126- and/or 183-kda replicases or their coding regions are responsible both for inefficient local and for systemic movements of paprika mild mottle virus japanese strain in tomato plants.paprika mild mottle virus japanese strain (pammv-j), a member of the genus tobamovirus, was originally isolated from sweet pepper plants (capsicum annuum l.). in experimental conditions, pammv-j spread more slowly in inoculated leaves of tomato plants and moved to uninoculated upper leaves at a lower frequency than tomato mosaic virus (tomv). in this study, we aimed to identify the viral factors responsible for the low efficiency of local and systemic movement of pammv-j in tomato plants. using ...201020708047
effects of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce suspension on esophageal secondary peristalsis in humans.capsaicin-sensitive afferents have been implicated in the modulation of gastrointestinal sensorimotor functions. secondary peristalsis is important for the clearance of retained refluxate or material from the esophagus. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce suspension on esophageal secondary peristalsis in healthy adults.201020618832
tomato yellow leaf curl viruses: ménage à trois between the virus complex, the plant and the whitefly vector.tomato yellow leaf curl disease (tylcd) is one of the most devastating viral diseases affecting tomato crops in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. here, we focus on the interactions through recombination between the different begomovirus species causing tylcd, provide an overview of the interactions with the cellular genes involved in viral replication, and highlight recent progress on the relationships between these viruses and their vector, the whitefly bemisia tabaci. t ...201020618703
the aflatoxin contamination of ground red pepper and pistachio nuts sold in turkey.total aflatoxin (aft) and aflatoxin b1 (afb1) contamination, ph and water activity, and mold and yeast counts in unpacked and packed ground red pepper (grp) and pistachio nut have been studied from september 2008 to february 2009. 17.1% (14/82) and 23.1% (19/82) unpacked grp were over aft and afb1 legal limits, respectively, while only one packed sample was over legal limit of afb1 by 89.99 ppb. both of aft and afb1 were detected in 50.5% (48/95) of unpacked pistachio nuts with the contamination ...201020600537
identification of begomoviruses infecting crops and weeds in belize.plants including pepper, red kidney bean, squash, string bean and tomato, as well as weeds with viral symptoms were collected from five districts in belize over a three year period with the aim of determining the diversity of the begomoviruses present. sixty five percent of the samples screened via dna hybridization produced signals indicative of begomovirus infection. subsequent pcr amplifications and nucleotide sequence analyses revealed the presence of four begomoviruses in belize. pepper gol ...200820596296
effect of foliar application of antitranspirant on photosynthesis and water relations of pepper plants under different levels of co2 and water stress.strategies such as foliar application of antitranspirants have the potential to regulate transpiration, but often, the limitation of co(2) exchange as a result of reduced stomatal conductance can impair this beneficial effect. elevated ambient [co(2)] could significantly improve co(2) diffusion while effectively reducing transpiration. in this experiment, we examined the response of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum l.) to the foliar application of antitranspirant (at) under two [co(2)] (380 and 200 ...201020542351
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