Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| emerging horizons for tick-borne pathogens: from the 'one pathogen-one disease' vision to the pathobiome paradigm. | ticks, as vectors of several notorious zoonotic pathogens, represent an important and increasing threat for human and animal health in europe. recent applications of new technology revealed the complexity of the tick microbiome, which may affect its vectorial capacity. appreciation of these complex systems is expanding our understanding of tick-borne pathogens, leading us to evolve a more integrated view that embraces the 'pathobiome'; the pathogenic agent integrated within its abiotic and bioti ... | 2015 | 26610021 |
| satellite hyperspectral imagery to support tick-borne infectious diseases surveillance. | this study proposed the use of satellite hyperspectral imagery to support tick-borne infectious diseases surveillance based on monitoring the variation in amplifier hosts food sources. to verify this strategy, we used the data of the human rickettsiosis occurrences in southeastern brazil, region in which the emergence of this disease is associated with the rising capybara population. spatio-temporal analysis based on monte carlo simulations was used to identify risk areas of human rickettsiosis ... | 2015 | 26599337 |
| a novel combination of fipronil and permethrin (frontline tri-act®/frontect®) reduces risk of transmission of babesia canis by dermacentor reticulatus and of ehrlichia canis by rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks to dogs. | the ability of frontline tri-act®/frontect®, a topical ectoparasiticide containing fipronil and permethrin for dogs, to prevent the transmission of babesia canis as well as ehrlichia canis was evaluated by infesting dogs with infected vector ticks. | 2015 | 26586365 |
| detection of canine vector-borne diseases in eastern poland by elisa and pcr. | the aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of ehrlichia canis, anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in eastern poland and to determine the factors associated with exposure (seroposity) or infection (pcr). anti-a. phagocytophilum, anti-b. burgdorferi and anti-e. canis antibodies were determined in 400 dogs, using the snap 4dx ® test (idexx laboratories). in addition, pcrs were performed for the detection of e. canis, a. phagocytophilum and b. burgdorferi dna. in re ... | 2015 | 26581374 |
| molecular evidence of spotted fever group rickettsiae and anaplasmataceae from ticks and stray dogs in bangladesh. | emerging tick-borne diseases (tbds) are important foci for human and animal health worldwide. however, these diseases are sometimes over looked, especially in countries with limited resources to perform molecular-based surveys. the aim of this study was to detect and characterize spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae and anaplasmataceae in bangladesh, which are important tick-borne pathogens for humans and animals worldwide. a total of 50 canine blood samples, 15 ticks collected from dogs, and 1 ... | 2016 | 26573516 |
| molecular detection of emerging tick-borne pathogens in vojvodina, serbia. | ticks play an important role in disease transmission globally due to their capability to serve as vectors for human and animal pathogens. the republic of serbia is an endemic area for a large number of tick-borne diseases. however, current knowledge on these diseases in serbia is limited. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of new emerging tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from dogs and the vegetation from different parts of vojvodina, serbia. a total of 187 ticks, includ ... | 2016 | 26565929 |
| ectoparasite infestations and canine infection by rickettsiae and ehrlichiae in a semi-arid region of northeastern brazil. | this study investigated the prevalence of rickettsia spp. and ehrlichia canis infection in dogs and their ectoparasites from rural and urban areas of two municipalities, petrolina and juazeiro, within a semiarid region (caatinga biome) of northeastern brazil, by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). overall, 12.1% (61/504) and 23.0% (116/504) of canine plasma samples had antibodies reactive to rickettsia spp. and e. canis. e. canis dna was detected by pcr in 8.3% (4 ... | 0 | 26565771 |
| systematic revision of the adeleid haemogregarines, with creation of bartazoon n. g., reassignment of hepatozoon argantis garnham, 1954 to hemolivia, and molecular data on hemolivia stellata. | life cycles and molecular data for terrestrial haemogregarines are reviewed in this article. collection material was re-examined: hepatozoon argantis garnham, 1954 in argas brumpti was reassigned to hemolivia as hemolivia argantis (garnham, 1954) n. comb.; parasite dna was extracted from a tick crush on smear of an archived slide of hemolivia stellata in amblyomma rotondatum, then the 18s ssrrna gene was amplified by pcr. a systematic revision of the group is proposed, based on biological life c ... | 2015 | 26551414 |
| bacteria associated with amblyomma cajennense tick eggs. | ticks represent a large group of pathogen vectors that blood feed on a diversity of hosts. in the americas, the ixodidae ticks amblyomma cajennense are responsible for severe impact on livestock and public health. in the present work, we present the isolation and molecular identification of a group of culturable bacteria associated with a. cajennense eggs from females sampled in distinct geographical sites in southeastern brazil. additional comparative analysis of the culturable bacteria from an ... | 2015 | 26537602 |
| detection of tick-borne pathogens in the korean water deer (hydropotes inermis argyropus) from jeonbuk province, korea. | the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in the korean water deer (hydropotes inermis argyropus). pathogens were identified using pcr which included anaplasma, ehrlichia, rickettsia, and theileria. rickettsia was not detected, whereas anaplasma, ehrlichia, and theileria infections were detected in 4, 2, and 8 animals, respectively. the most prevalent pathogen was theileria. of the 8 theileria-positive animals, 2 were mixed-infected with 3 pathogens (a ... | 2015 | 26537046 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia conorii and other zoonotic spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks, romania. | the diverse tick fauna as well as the abundance of tick populations in romania represent potential risks for both human and animal health. spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae are recognized as important agents of emerging human tick-borne diseases worldwide. however, the epidemiology of rickettsial diseases has been poorly investigated in romania. in urban habitats, companion animals which are frequently exposed to tick infestation, play a role in maintenance of tick populations and as reservo ... | 2016 | 26507182 |
| expanding range of amblyomma americanum and simultaneous changes in the epidemiology of spotted fever group rickettsiosis in the united states. | spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia species are etiologic agents of a wide range of human infections from asymptomatic or mild infections to severe, life-threatening disease. in the united states, recent passive surveillance for sfg rickettsiosis shows an increased incidence and decreased severity of reported cases. the reasons for this are not well understood; however, we hypothesize that less pathogenic rickettsiae are causing more human infections, while the incidence of disease caused by mo ... | 2015 | 26503270 |
| vector-borne diseases in stray dogs in peninsular malaysia and molecular detection of anaplasma and ehrlichia spp. from rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) ticks. | little data are available on the prevalence and transmission of vector-borne diseases in stray dogs in peninsular malaysia. this study was designed to determine the occurrence of vector-borne pathogens in malaysian stray dogs using serological and molecular approaches. in total, 48 dog blood samples were subjected to serological analysis using snap 4dx kit (idexx laboratories, westbrook, me). the presence of ehrlichia and anaplasma dna in the dog blood samples and rhipicephalus sanguineus (latre ... | 2016 | 26494821 |
| seroprevalence survey of babesia gibsoni infection and tick species in dogs in east china. | a seroprevalence survey of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs in east china was conducted using an elisa with recombinant b. gibsoni thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (bgtrap). a total of 1170 dogs from east china were examined and the seroprevalence was 9.23%. the proportion of samples was 81.2%, 7.86% and 10.94% from pet, working and fighting dogs, respectively. the fighting dogs showed highest seroprevalence (39.8%) compared with working dogs (26.1%) and pet dogs (3.47%). these results i ... | 2015 | 26483164 |
| comparative analysis of spermatids of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (ixodidae) and ornithodoros rostratus ticks (argasidae): morphophysiology aimed at systematics. | the phylogenetic relationships among tick species (acari: ixodida) have been revisited by several researchers over the last decades. two subfamilies, rhipicephalinae (ixodidae) and ornithodorinae (argasidae), deserve special attention. the male reproductive system morphology, as well as the ultrastructure of the germ cells, may provide important information for phylogeny and systematics of metazoan groups, with spermatozoa exhibiting characters that can be used for this purpose. with that inform ... | 2016 | 26481487 |
| emerging and re-emerging zoonoses of dogs and cats. | since the middle of the 20th century, pets are more frequently considered as "family members" within households. however, cats and dogs still can be a source of human infection by various zoonotic pathogens. among emerging or re-emerging zoonoses, viral diseases, such as rabies (mainly from dog pet trade or travel abroad), but also feline cowpox and newly recognized noroviruses or rotaviruses or influenza viruses can sicken our pets and be transmitted to humans. bacterial zoonoses include bacter ... | 2014 | 26480316 |
| candidatus neoehrlichia sp. in an austrian fox is distinct from candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis, but closer related to candidatus neoehrlichia lotoris. | candidatus neoehrlichia came under the focus of recent research in terms of human and pet relevance. candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis seems to be relatively abundant in animals and humans from central european countries, whereas candidatus neoehrlichia lotoris was found solely in raccoons from the usa. | 2015 | 26471191 |
| a survey of tick-borne pathogens in dogs and their ticks in the pantanal biome, brazil. | tick and blood samples collected from domestic dogs in the brazilian pantanal were tested by molecular methods for the presence of tick-borne protozoa and bacteria. among 320 sampled dogs, 3.13% were infected by babesia vogeli (piroplasmida: babesiidae), 8.75% by hepatozoon canis (eucoccidiorida: hepatozoidae), 7.19% by anaplasma platys (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), and 0.94% by an unclassified anaplasma sp. in three tick species collected from dogs, the following tick-borne agents were dete ... | 2016 | 26467462 |
| frequency and clinical epidemiology of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs infested with ticks from sinaloa, mexico. | ehrlichia canis is a rickettsial intracellular obligate bacterial pathogen and agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. the prevalence of this disease in veterinary medicine can vary depending on the diagnostic method used and the geographic location. one hundred and fifty-two canine blood samples from six veterinary clinics and two shelters from sinaloa state (mexico) were analyzed in this study. all animals were suspected of having canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme). the diagnostic methods use ... | 2013 | 26464910 |
| repellency and acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks on dogs. | a blinded, controlled laboratory study was conducted to assess the repellency and acaricidal activity of a topical spot on formulation, a combination of fipronil and permethrin, against ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks on dogs. | 2015 | 26463998 |
| emerging tick-borne infections in mainland china: an increasing public health threat. | since the beginning of the 1980s, 33 emerging tick-borne agents have been identified in mainland china, including eight species of spotted fever group rickettsiae, seven species in the family anaplasmataceae, six genospecies in the complex borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, 11 species of babesia, and the virus causing severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. in this review we have mapped the geographical distributions of human cases of infection. 15 of the 33 emerging tick-borne agents have be ... | 2015 | 26453241 |
| successful isolation of leishmania infantum from rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (acari: ixodidae) collected from naturally infected dogs. | the main transmission route of leishmania infantum is through the bites of sand flies. however, alternative mechanisms are being investigated, such as through the bites of ticks, which could have epidemiological relevance. the objective of this work was to verify the presence of leishmania spp. in rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato collected from naturally infected dogs in the federal district of brazil. | 2015 | 26452666 |
| establishing the discriminating concentration for permethrin and fipronil resistance in rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) (acari: ixodidae), the brown dog tick. | rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille), the brown dog tick, is a veterinary canine and urban pest. these ticks have been found to develop resistance and tolerance to the two commonly used acaricides permethrin and fipronil respectively. we have developed a discriminating concentration that can be used for rapid detection of permethrin and fipronil resistance in brown dog tick populations. the availability of a discriminating concentration for the brown dog tick provides an inexpensive and rapid re ... | 2016 | 26449370 |
| ticks and associated pathogens collected from cats in sicily and calabria (italy). | limited information is available about the species of ticks infesting the cat and the pathogens that they harbor. the aims of the present study were to identify the species of ticks removed from cats living in sicily and calabria (italy) and to detect dna of vector-borne pathogens in the same ticks. | 2015 | 26445916 |
| the diversity and prevalence of hard ticks attacking human hosts in eastern siberia (russian federation) with first description of invasion of non-endemic tick species. | hard ticks are the vectors of many pathogens including tick-borne encephalitis virus and the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. in eastern siberia, ixodes persulcatus, dermacentor nuttalli, dermacentor silvarum and haemaphysalis concinna are regarded as aggressive to humans. recently, significant changes in world tick fauna have been reported and this affects the spread of tick-borne pathogens. we studied the current species diversity, population structure and prevalence of tick ... | 2016 | 26443685 |
| isolation and maintenance of rickettsia raoultii in a rhipicephalus sanguineus tick cell line. | rickettsia raoultii, a member of the spotted fever group rickettsiae, has been implicated in cases of debonel/tibola/senlat, and has been detected in dermacentor spp. and rhipicephalus pumilio ticks by pcr. r. raoultii has been isolated in mammalian and tick cell lines. this study aimed to isolate r. raoultii from spanish dermacentor marginatus in tick cell lines. a single adult d. marginatus collected from vegetation in la rioja (northen spain) in october 2012 was surface-sterilised, triturated ... | 2016 | 26428859 |
| molecular detection of vector-borne agents in dogs from ten provinces of china. | although many vector-borne agents are potential zoonoses and cause substantial morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide, there are limited data on these organisms in dogs of china. | 2015 | 26428085 |
| development of a pan-babesia fret-qpcr and a survey of livestock from five caribbean islands. | babesia spp. are tick-borne protozoan hemoparasites and the second most common blood-borne parasites of mammals, in particular domestic animals. we used the clustal multiple alignment program and 18s rrna gene sequences of 22 babesia species from genbank to develop a pcr that could detect a wide variety of babesia spp. in a single reaction. the pan-babesia fret-qpcr we developed reliably detected b. gibsoni, b. canis, b. vogeli, b. microti, b. bovis, and b. divergens under controlled conditions ... | 2015 | 26423577 |
| molecular investigation of hemotropic mycoplasmas in human beings, dogs and horses in a rural settlement in southern brazil. | the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of hemoplasmas in a rural brazilian settlement's population of human beings, their dogs and horses, highly exposed to tick bites; to identify the tick species parasitizing dogs and horses, and analyze factors associated with their infection. blood samples from 132 dogs, 16 horses and 100 humans were screened using a pan-hemoplasma sybr green real-time pcr assay followed by a species-specific taqman real-time pcr. a total of 59/132 (44.7%) d ... | 0 | 26422162 |
| cofeeding intra- and interspecific transmission of an emerging insect-borne rickettsial pathogen. | cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) are known as the primary vector and reservoir of rickettsia felis, the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever; however, field surveys regularly report molecular detection of this infectious agent from other blood-feeding arthropods. the presence of r. felis in additional arthropods may be the result of chance consumption of an infectious bloodmeal, but isolation of viable rickettsiae circulating in the blood of suspected vertebrate reservoirs has not been d ... | 0 | 26414611 |
| comparative evaluation of the vector competence of four south american populations of the rhipicephalus sanguineus group for the bacterium ehrlichia canis, the agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. | this study compared the vector competence of four populations of rhipicephalus sanguineus group ticks for the bacterium ehrlichia canis, the agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme). ticks (larvae and nymphs) from the four populations-one from são paulo state, southeastern brazil (bsp), one from rio grande do sul state, southern brazil (brs), one from argentina (arg), and one from uruguay (uru)-were exposed to e. canis infection by feeding on dogs that were experimentally infected with e. ca ... | 2015 | 26414283 |
| first molecular evidence of coxiella burnetii infecting ticks in cuba. | coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of q fever. in order to explore the occurrence of c. burnetii in ticks, samples were collected from horses, dogs and humans living in a cuban occidental community. the species most commonly recovered were amblyomma mixtum (67%), rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (27%) and dermacentor nitens (6%). specific is1111 pcr and amplicon sequencing allowed the identification of c. burnetii dna in a. mixtum collected from a domestic horse. these findings, for first tim ... | 2016 | 26372520 |
| transcriptome analysis of the central and peripheral nervous systems of the spider cupiennius salei reveals multiple putative cys-loop ligand gated ion channel subunits and an acetylcholine binding protein. | invertebrates possess a diverse collection of pentameric cys-loop ligand gated ion channel (lgic) receptors whose molecular structures, evolution and relationships to mammalian counterparts have been intensely investigated in several clinically and agriculturally important species. these receptors are targets for a variety of control agents that may also harm beneficial species. however, little is known about cys-loop receptors in spiders, which are important natural predators of insects. we ass ... | 2015 | 26368804 |
| efficacy of water- and oil-in-water-formulated metarhizium anisopliae in rhipicephalus sanguineus eggs and eclosing larvae. | conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae (ascomycota: clavicipitaceae) were assessed against rhipicephalus sanguineus (arachnida: ixodidae) eggs under laboratory conditions. clusters of 25 eggs were applied either directly with the fungal conidial formulations or set on previously fungus-treated filter paper. treatments consisted of conidia formulated in water or an oil-in-water emulsion at final concentrations of 3.3 × 10(3), 10(4), 3.3 × 10(4), 10(5), or 3.3 × 10(5) conidi ... | 2016 | 26364059 |
| altitudinal and seasonal differences of tick communities in dogs from pastoralist tribes of northern kenya. | studies regarding the distribution and ecology of ticks in dogs from eastern africa are scarce. our research was based on a long-term screening of ticks parasitising the domestic dogs living with indigenous people around lake turkana, mt. kulal and mt. nyiru areas, northern kenya. a total of 9977 ticks were collected from 1464 dogs of all ages and both sexes. identification was performed using morphological keys and data were analyzed using the repeated measures anova, post-hoc scheffe test and ... | 2015 | 26343303 |
| evaluation of four bed bug traps for surveillance of the brown dog tick (acari: ixodidae). | the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latrielle), can be a serious residential pest due to its unique ability, among ticks, to complete its lifecycle indoors. a single engorged and fertilized female tick can oviposit around 4,000 eggs, allowing indoor establishment to be rapid and easy to miss in early-stage infestations. acaricide treatment is currently the primary method of control, but can be costly and can lead to the development of acaricide resistance in tick populations. traps of ... | 2015 | 26336310 |
| molecular diagnosis of ehrlichia canis in dogs and ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) in yucatan, mexico. | ehrlichia canis is the etiological agent behind canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, and the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) is its main vector. blood smear and nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques were used to identify e. canis infection in dogs and r. sanguineus, and explore factors possibly associated with infection in dogs in yucatan, mexico. blood samples were taken and ticks r. sanguineus collected from 50 dogs (10 house dogs and 40 in an animal control center). data were ... | 2015 | 26336286 |
| hemocytes of rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae): characterization, population abundance, and ultrastructural changes following challenge with leishmania infantum. | few studies have examined the cellular immune response of ticks, and further research on the characterization of the hemocytes of ticks is required, particularly on those of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) because of the medical and veterinary importance of this tick. the aims of this study were to characterize the morphology and the ultrastructure of the different types of hemocytes of adult r. sanguineus and to determine the population abundance and the ultrastructural changes in the hemo ... | 2015 | 26336264 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus clade iv (asia 1) in ticks of western iran. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is transmitted through the bite of an infected tick, or by direct contact with cchfv-infected patients' blood or the products of infected livestock. in 2012, ticks were collected in eight regions of lorestan province, iran. in total, 434 ticks were collected. reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of cchfv rna. of 434 ticks, 419 (96.6%) ticks were from the family ixodidae (hard ticks) and 15 (3.5%) ticks were from ... | 2015 | 26336221 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia species within ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from arkansas united states. | rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), caused by the etiological agent rickettsia rickettsii, is the most severe and frequently reported rickettsial illness in the united states, and is commonly diagnosed throughout the southeast. with the discoveries of rickettsia parkeri and other spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr) in ticks, it remains inconclusive if the cases reported as rmsf are truly caused by r. rickettsii or other sfgr. arkansas reports one of the highest incidence rates of rmsf in the ... | 2015 | 26334827 |
| detection of permethrin resistance and fipronil tolerance in rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) in the united states. | permethrin is a commonly used acaricide for tick control on domestic animals and in residential environments, while fipronil use is restricted to on-animal treatment. following widespread reports of permethrin and fipronil application failures to control indoor infestations of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille), the brown dog tick, 31 tick populations were obtained from florida and texas for acaricide resistance screening. these field-collected ticks from kennels and residential facilities wer ... | 2015 | 26334817 |
| urban stray cats infested by ectoparasites with zoonotic potential in greece. | a large population of stray cats is encountered in many urban areas sharing the same environment with people, usually being in a close direct contact with them. a variety of ectoparasites can infest such cats, causing mild dermatological abnormalities to more severe systemic disorders. in order to determine the extent of which stray cats carry ectoparasites, particularly those of zoonotic potential, 341 stray cats originating from the urban area of thessaloniki, greece, were examined between 201 ... | 2015 | 26319525 |
| update on epidemiology of canine babesiosis in southern france. | canine babesiosis is an emerging or re-emerging disease caused by babesia and theileria protozoans, also called piroplasms, transmitted by ixodid ticks. in europe, four etiological agents have been identified to date, namely babesia canis, b. vogeli, b. gibsoni and theileria annae. france has a high prevalence of canine babesiosis and two tick species, dermacentor reticulatus and rhipicephalus sanguineus, are supposed to transmit b. canis and b. vogeli respectively. in southern france, where dog ... | 2015 | 26303260 |
| isolation of rickettsia massiliae from rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, buenos aires (argentina). | rickettsia massiliae , a member of the spotted fever group of rickettsia, was first isolated from a rhipicephalus turanicus tick in france. in the new world, it has been detected in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from different geographical locations in argentina and the united states, but it has only been isolated in arizona. the aim of this study was the isolation and genetic characterization of r. massiliae from r. sanguineus ticks collected from dogs in buenos aires city, argentina. in total ... | 2015 | 26301512 |
| ectoparasites of hedgehogs (erinaceus concolor) from turkey. | hedgehogs are small, nocturnal, spiny-coated animals that have been growing in popularity as exotic pets. however, these animals are host to a wide variety of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites, some of which are of zoonotic character. thus, because hedgehogs have a potential role to transmit zoonoses including arthropod-borne diseases, we examined them for their ectoparasites. the study was carried out on hedgehogs found dead mainly due to road casualties in the bursa province of turkey. th ... | 2015 | 26281445 |
| overwintering of the brown dog tick in residential properties in england--raising awareness. | 2015 | 26251540 | |
| propagation of the israeli vaccine strain of anaplasma centrale in tick cell lines. | anaplasma centrale has been used in cattle as a live blood vaccine against the more pathogenic anaplasma marginale for over 100 years. while a. marginale can be propagated in vitro in tick cell lines, facilitating studies on antigen production, immunisation and vector-pathogen interaction, to date there has been no in vitro culture system for a. centrale. in the present study, 25 cell lines derived from 13 ixodid tick species were inoculated with the israeli vaccine strain of a. centrale and mon ... | 2015 | 26210950 |
| modulation of host immunity by tick saliva. | next generation sequencing and proteomics have helped to comprehensively characterize gene expression in tick salivary glands at both the transcriptome and the proteome level. functional data are, however, lacking. given that tick salivary secretions are critical to the success of the tick transmission lifecycle and, as a consequence, for host colonization by the pathogens they spread, we thoroughly review here the literature on the known interactions between tick saliva (or tick salivary gland ... | 2015 | 26189360 |
| seroprevalence of tick-borne pathogens and tick infestation in dogs from tapirapé and karajá indigenous communities, brazil. | with the aim of studying some tick-borne diseases, a total of 327 dogs (114 from tapirapé and 213 from karajá indigenous ethnicity, mato grosso, mt, brazil) were sampled. serum samples were submitted to the indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat) to detect antibodies against babesia vogeli, ehrlichia canis, and rickettsia spp. possible associations of risk factors and the occurrence of seroreativity to tick-borne agents and tick infestations were analyzed through chi-squared tests. among 327 ... | 2015 | 26186512 |
| efficacy of fluralaner flavored chews (bravecto) administered to dogs against the adult cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis and egg production. | fluralaner is a potent insecticide and acaricide with rapid and persistent efficacy. this study measured the efficacy of fluralaner flavored chews (bravecto®, merck animal health) administered to dogs against adult ctenocephalides felis felis and egg production. | 2015 | 26160349 |
| tick-borne diseases (borreliosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis) in german and austrian dogs: status quo and review of distribution, transmission, clinical findings, diagnostics and prophylaxis. | tick-borne diseases (tbd) in dogs have gained in significance in german and austrian veterinary practices. the widespread european tick species ixodes ricinus represents an important vector for spirochaetes of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group and rickettsiales such as anaplasma phagocytophilum. the meadow or ornate dog tick (dermacentor reticulatus) is an important vector for babesia canis, as is the brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus) for babesia vogeli in the mediterranean regio ... | 2015 | 26152408 |
| cockroach, tick, storage mite and other arthropod allergies: where do we stand with molecular allergy diagnostics?: part 15 of the series molecular allergology. | arthropods form a broad phylum within the animal kingdom, comprising widely varying members such as insects, arachnids, crabs and centipedes. in addition to common allergies to house dust mites or hymenoptera venom, there are also rarer allergies that can be attributed to three major sources of allergens: cockroaches, ticks and storage mites. other less known allergen sources include spiders, mosquitos, horseflies, red chironomid larvae, silverfish and ladybugs, as well as a variety of storage p ... | 2014 | 26146603 |
| the efficacies of 5 insecticides against hard ticks hyalomma asiaticum, haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus sanguineus. | at present, chemical-based tick control strategies are still the most efficient and widely used methods in control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. in this study, the efficacies of lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cypermethrin, emamectin benzoate, spirotetramat and hexaflumuron in vitro were evaluated against hyalomma asiaticum, haemaphysalis longicornis and rhipicephalus sanguineus that are widespread and able to transmit a variety of human and animal diseases in china. the results showed that the lc ... | 2015 | 26115939 |
| species diversity and distribution of ticks (acari: ixodidae) in zabol county, eastern iran. | ticks are important vectors of human and animal pathogens. they are considered as main vectors for transmission of many viral, bacterial, rickettsial and parasitical pathogens. the aim of the present study was to find out species diversity of ticks, which infested the domestic ruminants in zabol county, eastern iran in 2012. | 2014 | 26114136 |
| anaplasma infection in ticks, livestock and human in ghaemshahr, mazandaran province, iran. | anaplasmosis is an important issue for animal breeders in terms of economic losses as well as a health concern to human. ticks are considered as the main vector of this disease. lack of documented information about anaplasma species in iran was the scope of this study to determine the population of ticks and the presence of anaplasma in ticks, domestic ruminants and also human beings in northern iran. | 2014 | 26114134 |
| characterisation of dermanyssus gallinae glutathione s-transferases and their potential as acaricide detoxification proteins. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) facilitate detoxification of drugs by catalysing the conjugation of the reduced glutathione (gsh) to electrophilic xenobiotic substrates and therefore have a function in multi-drug resistance. as a result, knowledge of gsts can inform both drug resistance in, and novel interventions for, the control of endo- and ectoparasite species. acaricide resistance and the need for novel control methods are both pressing needs for dermanyssus gallinae, a highly economicall ... | 2015 | 26112960 |
| saliva from nymph and adult females of haemaphysalis longicornis: a proteomic study. | haemaphysalis longicornis is a major vector of theileria spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia spp. and coxiella burnetti in east asian countries. all life stages of ixodid ticks have a destructive pool-feeding style in which they create a pool-feeding site by lacerating host tissue and secreting a variety of biologically active compounds that allows the tick to evade host responses, enabling the uptake of a blood meal. the identification and functional characterization of tick saliva protein ... | 2015 | 26104117 |
| identification of non-host semiochemicals for the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (acari: ixodidae), from tick-resistant beagles, canis lupus familiaris. | studies have shown that the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, when fed on the beagle breed of dog, canis lupus familiaris, development negatively affected in comparison with tick development after feeding on the english cocker spaniel breed. thus leading to the suggestion that beagle dogs are be tick-resistant dogs. behavioural studies have demonstrated that more ticks are attracted by extracts from cocker spaniels than from beagles and that the odour of beagles is a repellent ... | 2015 | 26103925 |
| in vitro effect of the ethanolic extract of tephrosia vogelii on rhipicephalus sanguineus in abomey-calavi. | ticks are vectors of several diseases, of which many are zoonosis transmissible to humans. the use of tephrosia leafs' extract as a low cost acaricide is spreading among farmers in central kenya. | 0 | 26101758 |
| infection with ehrlichia canis and anaplasma platys (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) in two lineages of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (acari: ixodidae) from argentina. | natural infection with ehrlichia canis and anaplasma platys in ticks belonging to the tropical and temperate lineages of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato from argentina was evaluated. samples were tested for ehrlichia canis infection by pcr assays using 16s rrna, dsb and p28 gene, while detection of a. platys was performed with 16s rrna and groesl gene. the assignment of the ticks to each lineage was corroborated with 16s rdna sequences. all ticks infected with e. canis and a. platys belonged ... | 2015 | 26100492 |
| mediterranean spotted fever: case series of 24 years (1989-2012). | mediterranean spotted fever (msf) is the most prevalent zoonosis in portugal. to characterize it's evolution between 1989 and 2012, the authors reviewed the cases diagnosed at their unit during this period. | 2015 | 26090319 |
| [distribution of tick species spread in kütahya vicinity]. | this study was performed to determine the tick species infested to the cattle and small ruminants in kütahya province and their seasonal activity and prevalence. | 2015 | 26081885 |
| spatial distribution of anaplasma phagocytophilum and hepatozoon canis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in hungary. | in recent years, ehrlichia canis and hepatozoon canis transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus were reported from hungary. the aim of the present study was to reveal the spatial distribution pattern of pathogens transmitted by r. sanguineus in a sentinel species, red fox (vulpes vulpes) in hungary and to analyse the relationship of these patterns with landscape and climate by geographical information systems. fox carcasses, representing 0.5% of the total fox population were randomly selected out ... | 2015 | 26065623 |
| toxicity of millettia ferruginea darasana (family: fabaceae) against the larvae and adult ticks of amblyomma variegatum fabricius a three-host tick in cattle. | the in vitro toxicity of millettia ferruginea darasana (family: fabaceae) was tested against the larvae adult male and female of a three-host tick, amblyomma variegatum fabricius (family: ixodidae or hard tick), known as 'tropical bont tick' parasitic mainly to cattle found in ethiopia and other equatorial africa. the 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 % concentrations of the seed oil extracted with petroleum ether were found to kill all (100 % mortality) larvae after 12, 9, 6, 3 and 1.5 h respectively. the ... | 2013 | 26064022 |
| lack of acquired resistance in dogs to successive infestations of rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from brazil and argentina. | comparative studies between brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus populations from brazil (jaboticabal, são paulo) and argentina (rafaela, santa fé) showed significant biological, morphological and genetic differences between them. this work aimed to study, in a comparative way, the acquisition of resistance in domestic dogs to r. sanguineus from jaboticabal and rafaela, after successive and controlled infestations. ticks were kept in a bod incubator under controlled conditions (27 °c, 80 % re ... | 2015 | 26063405 |
| anaplasma infection of bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus) and ticks in xinjiang, china. | to date, anaplasmosis has been reported to be a subclinical disease in indian and arabian one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) and llamas (lama glama). however, no information on anaplasma infection in two-humped bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus) in china has been published to date. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anaplasma spp. in domestic bactrian camels and ticks in xinjiang, china. | 2015 | 26055661 |
| comparative profiling of micrornas in male and female rhipicephalus sanguineus. | rhipicephalus sanguineus is an ectoparasite of medical and veterinary significance, which can transmit a number of pathogens including babesia canis, ehrlichia canis, and rickettsia conorii. micrornas (mirnas) are recognized as regulators in sex differentiation in dioecious species. we here investigated and compared the mirna profiles of male and female adults of r. sanguineus by combining solexa deep sequencing with bioinformatics platform and quantitative real-time pcr. a total of 11.88 and 16 ... | 2015 | 26054615 |
| identification of tick species and disseminate pathogen using hemolymph by maldi-tof ms. | matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is increasingly emerging tool for identification of arthropods including tick vectors using whole or body part of specimens. the challenges of the present study were to assess maldi-tof ms profiling for the both identification of tick species and rickettsia spp. in infected ticks using hemolymph as protein mixture. | 2015 | 26051210 |
| prevention of transmission of babesia canis by dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs treated orally with fluralaner chewable tablets (bravecto™). | the preventive effect of fluralaner chewable tablets (bravecto™) against transmission of babesia canis by dermacentor reticulatus ticks was evaluated. | 2015 | 26040319 |
| the efficacy of a generic doxycycline tablet in the treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a generic doxycycline tablet (doxyvet) against ehrlichia canis infection in dogs. canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by the bacterium e. canis and transmitted by the brown kennel tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus). six disease-free and tick-free dogs were infested with e. canis infected ticks. once diagnosed (with polymerase chain reaction [pcr] analysis and platelet counts) as positive for infection, doxycycline ta ... | 2015 | 26018824 |
| the role of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato saliva in the dissemination of rickettsia conorii in c3h/hej mice. | animal models have been developed for the study of rickettsial pathogenesis. however, to understand what occurs during the natural route of rickettsial transmission via the tick bite, the role of tick saliva should be considered in these models. to address this, we analysed the role of tick saliva in the transmission of rickettsia conorii (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) in a murine host by intradermally (i.d.) inoculating two groups of susceptible c3h/hej mice with this rickettsia, and infesting ... | 2015 | 26011701 |
| the recent evolution of a maternally-inherited endosymbiont of ticks led to the emergence of the q fever pathogen, coxiella burnetii. | q fever is a highly infectious disease with a worldwide distribution. its causative agent, the intracellular bacterium coxiella burnetii, infects a variety of vertebrate species, including humans. its evolutionary origin remains almost entirely unknown and uncertainty persists regarding the identity and lifestyle of its ancestors. a few tick species were recently found to harbor maternally-inherited coxiella-like organisms engaged in symbiotic interactions, but their relationships to the q fever ... | 2015 | 25978383 |
| high efficacy of a 20 amino acid peptide of the acidic ribosomal protein p0 against the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus. | current strategies to control cattle ticks use integrated control programs (icp) that include vaccination. reduction in the use of chemicals and in the cost of tick control, the delay or elimination of acaricide resistance and the decreasing of environmental pollution are the advantages of using these programs. this integrated program is potentially applicable to all genotypes of chemical resistant ticks. however, the problem here is to improve the efficacy of anti-tick vaccines. the p0 protein ... | 2015 | 25958782 |
| potential of the chemical dinotefuran in the control of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae) semi-engorged female ticks. | ticks are vectors of several pathogens to vertebrates, including the human being. they produce lesions on the hosts during the blood feeding and great economic losses. several chemical acaricides have been used in an attempt to control tick infestations; however these substances are harmful to both the human being and non-target organisms, and to the environment. therefore, there is a need to fight these ectoparasites through less harmful methods, less aggressive to the environment, non-target o ... | 2015 | 25956944 |
| challenges posed by tick-borne rickettsiae: eco-epidemiology and public health implications. | rickettsiae are obligately intracellular bacteria that are transmitted to vertebrates by a variety of arthropod vectors, primarily by fleas and ticks. once transmitted or experimentally inoculated into susceptible mammals, some rickettsiae may cause febrile illness of different morbidity and mortality, and which can manifest with different types of exhanthems in humans. however, most rickettsiae circulate in diverse sylvatic or peridomestic reservoirs without having obvious impacts on their vert ... | 2015 | 25954738 |
| tick microbiome: the force within. | ticks are obligate blood-feeders and serve as vectors of human and livestock pathogens worldwide. defining the tick microbiome and deciphering the interactions between the tick and its symbiotic bacteria in the context of tick development and pathogen transmission will likely reveal new insights and spawn new paradigms to control tick-borne diseases. descriptive observations on the tick microbiome that began almost a century ago serve as forerunners to the gathering momentum to define the tick m ... | 2015 | 25936226 |
| rickettsia typhi in rodents and r. felis in fleas in yucatán as a possible causal agent of undefined febrile cases. | rickettsia typhi is the causal agent of murine typhus; a worldwide zoonotic and vector-borne infectious disease, commonly associated with the presence of domestic and wild rodents. human cases of murine typhus in the state of yucatán are frequent. however, there is no evidence of the presence of rickettsia typhi in mammals or vectors in yucatán. the presence of rickettsia in rodents and their ectoparasites was evaluated in a small municipality of yucatán using the conventional polymerase chain r ... | 0 | 25923891 |
| survey of ehrlichia canis, babesia spp. and hepatozoon spp. in dogs from a semiarid region of brazil. | this study assessed the occurrence of ehrlichia spp., babesia spp. and hepatozoon spp. infections in 100 tick-harboring dogs from a semiarid region of the state of paraíba, northeastern brazil. blood samples and ticks were collected from the animals, and a questionnaire was submitted to dog owners to obtain general data. blood samples were used to perform hemogram, direct blood smear and immunological and molecular hemoparasite detection. the 1,151 ticks collected were identified as rhipicephalu ... | 2015 | 25909253 |
| a serological and molecular survey of babesia vogeli, ehrlichia canis and rickettsia spp. among dogs in the state of maranhão, northeastern brazil. | this study evaluated exposure and infection by tick-borne agents (babesia vogeli, ehrlichia canis and rickettsia spp.) in 172 dogs in rural areas and 150 dogs in urban areas of the municipality of chapadinha, state of maranhão, northeastern brazil, using molecular and serological methods. overall, 16.1% of the sampled dogs (52/322) were seroreactive to b. vogeli, with endpoint titers ranging from 40 to 640. for e. canis, 14.6% of the dogs (47/322) were seroreactive, with endpoint titers from 80 ... | 2015 | 25909250 |
| mediterranean spotted fever and hearing impairment: a rare complication. | mediterranean spotted fever (msf) is caused by rickettsia conorii and transmitted by the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. it is prevalent in southern europe, africa and central asia. the disease usually has a benign course and is characterized by fever, myalgia and a characteristic papular rash with an inoculation eschar ('tache noir') at the site of the tick bite. severe forms of disease can have cardiac, neurologic or renal involvement. nervous system complications are unusual and may ... | 2015 | 25892247 |
| reclassification of theileria annae as babesia vulpes sp. nov. | theileria annae is a tick-transmitted small piroplasmid that infects dogs and foxes in north america and europe. due to disagreement on its placement in the theileria or babesia genera, several synonyms have been used for this parasite, including babesia spanish dog isolate, babesia microti-like, babesia (theileria) annae, and babesia cf. microti. infections by this parasite cause anemia, thrombocytopenia, and azotemia in dogs but are mostly subclinical in red foxes (vulpes vulpes). furthermore, ... | 2015 | 25890372 |
| theileria annae (syn. babesia microti-like) infection in dogs in nw spain detected using direct and indirect diagnostic techniques: clinical report of 75 cases. | in north-western spain, piroplamosis caused by theileria annae is now recognized as a serious problem because veterinarians, despite being aware of the clinical signs of piroplasmosis, lack the necessary information on its epidemiology or specific diagnostic tools for its management. this, along with the fact that t. annae infection is also refractory to current piroplamosis treatments, prompted this study designed to assess the clinical presentation and diagnosis of this largely unknown parasit ... | 2015 | 25890106 |
| a molecular survey of vector-borne pathogens in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from bosnia and herzegovina. | red foxes (vulpes vulpes) have recently been recognized as potential reservoirs of several vector-borne pathogens and a source of infection for domestic dogs and humans, mostly due to their close vicinity to urban areas and frequent exposure to different arthropod vectors. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence and distribution of babesia spp., hepatozoon canis, anaplasma spp., bartonella spp., 'candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis', ehrlichia canis, rickettsia spp. and blood filaro ... | 2015 | 25889961 |
| molecular detection of tick-borne rickettsial and protozoan pathogens in domestic dogs from turkey. | canine tick-borne parasites have emerged in recent years, showing a wider geographic distribution and increased global prevalence. in addition to their veterinary importance, domestic dogs play an important role in the transmission cycles of some agents by acting as reservoirs and sentinels. this study investigated babesia, theileria, anaplasma, and ehrlichia species in asymptomatic dogs in ten provinces of turkey. | 2015 | 25889911 |
| canine vector-borne infections in mauritius. | canine vector-borne diseases have a worldwide distribution, but to the best of our knowledge, no research has been carried out to evaluate their presence on the indian ocean island of mauritius. an investigation into canine vector-borne infections was conducted in dogs (n = 78) resident at an animal shelter in port louis, mauritius using a combination of traditional microscopy and serological methods. | 2015 | 25889893 |
| first report of anaplasma platys infection in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and molecular detection of ehrlichia canis and leishmania infantum in foxes from portugal. | the bacteria anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis and the protozoan leishmania infantum are vector-borne agents that cause canine vector-borne diseases, some of which are zoonotic. the present survey investigated the prevalence of anaplasma, ehrlichia and leishmania in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from portugal by molecular analysis, in order to evaluate the epidemiological role of these canids as reservoirs of infection. | 2015 | 25889750 |
| detection of theileria orientalis genotypes in haemaphysalis longicornis ticks from southern australia. | theileria are blood-borne intracellular protozoal parasites belonging to the phylum apicomplexa. previously considered a benign parasite in australia, outbreaks of clinical disease resulting from theileria orientalis genotypes have been reported in australia since 2006. since this time, outbreaks have become widespread in south-eastern australia, resulting in significant adverse impacts on local dairy and beef industries. this paper provides the first investigation into the possible biological a ... | 2015 | 25889204 |
| fluralaner activity against life stages of ticks using rhipicephalus sanguineus and ornithodoros moubata in in vitro contact and feeding assays. | fluralaner is a novel isoxazoline eliciting both acaricidal and insecticidal activity through potent blockage of gaba- and glutamate-gated chloride channels. the aim of the study was to investigate the susceptibility of juvenile stages of common tick species exposed to fluralaner through either contact (rhipicephalus sanguineus) or contact and feeding routes (ornithodoros moubata). | 2015 | 25888750 |
| bacterial and protozoal agents of canine vector-borne diseases in the blood of domestic and stray dogs from southern portugal. | the so-called canine vector-borne diseases (cvbd) are caused by a wide range of pathogens transmitted by arthropods. in addition to their veterinary importance, many of these canine vector-borne pathogens can also affect the human population due to their zoonotic potential, a situation that requires a one health approach. as the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in cats from southern portugal has been recently evaluated, the aim of the present study was to assess if the same agents were prese ... | 2015 | 25886525 |
| acute febrile illness is associated with rickettsia spp infection in dogs. | rickettsia conorii is transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and causes mediterranean spotted fever (msf) in humans. although dogs are considered the natural host of the vector, the clinical and epidemiological significance of r. conorii infection in dogs remains unclear. the aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether rickettsia infection causes febrile illness in dogs living in areas endemic for human msf. | 2015 | 25886403 |
| tick species (acari: ixodida) in antalya city, turkey: species diversity and seasonal activity. | ticks (acari: ixodida) are an important group of ectoparasites of vertebrates. most species are known vectors of diseases including lyme disease, q fever, and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. a 3-year research was conducted in antalya, turkey, to determine tick species composition, seasonal abundance, and spatial distribution. the study was carried out in five districts (aksu, dosemealtı, kepez, konyaaltı, and muratpasa) of antalya metropolitan municipality area in turkey, between may 2010 and m ... | 2015 | 25869959 |
| preliminary investigation on tick fauna in the neighborhood of tarquinia, lazio, italy. | this study represents a preliminary inquiry on tick fauna composition carried out in maremma, central italy, where very few data are available. | 2015 | 25857387 |
| detection of dirofilaria immitis and other arthropod-borne filarioids by an hrm real-time qpcr, blood-concentrating techniques and a serological assay in dogs from costa rica. | canine filarioids are important nematodes transmitted to dogs by arthropods. diagnosis of canine filariosis is accomplished by the microscopic identification of microfilariae, serology or pcr for filarial-dna. the aim of this study was to evaluate a molecular assay for the detection of canine filariae in dog blood, to compare its performance to other diagnostic techniques, and to determine the relationship between microfilarial concentration and infection with other vector-borne pathogens. | 2015 | 25851920 |
| high seroprevalence for spotted fever group rickettsiae, is associated with higher temperatures and rural environment in mbeya region, southwestern tanzania. | rickettsioses are endemic in sub-sahara africa. burden of disease, risk factors and transmission are hitherto sparsely described. | 2015 | 25849718 |
| anaphylaxis to the carbohydrate side chain alpha-gal. | in 2007, the monoclonal antibody cetuximab caused severe hypersensitivity reactions during the first infusion in a region of the southeastern united states. investigation of pretreatment sera established that they contained immunoglobulin (ig) e against the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), which is present on the fab of cetuximab. alpha-gal is a blood group substance of nonprimate mammals. these ige antibodies are also associated with delayed anaphylaxis to red meat (ie ... | 2015 | 25841549 |
| wildlife reservoirs for vector-borne canine, feline and zoonotic infections in austria. | austria's mammalian wildlife comprises a large variety of species, acting and interacting in different ways as reservoir and intermediate and definitive hosts for different pathogens that can be transmitted to pets and/or humans. foxes and other wild canids are responsible for maintaining zoonotic agents, e.g. echinococcus multilocularis, as well as pet-relevant pathogens, e.g. hepatozoon canis. together with the canids, and less commonly felids, rodents play a major role as intermediate and par ... | 2014 | 25830102 |
| identification of 24h ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins. | ixodes scapularis is arguably the most medically important tick species in the united states. this tick transmits 5 of the 14 human tick-borne disease (tbd) agents in the usa: borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, b. miyamotoi, babesia microti, and powassan virus disease. except for the powassan virus disease, i. scapularis-vectored tbd agents require more than 24h post attachment to be transmitted. this study describes identification of 24h immunogenic i. scapularis tick saliva prote ... | 2015 | 25825233 |
| the role of cd8 t lymphocytes in rickettsial infections. | arthropod-borne obligately intracellular bacteria pose a difficult challenge to the immune system. the genera rickettsia, orientia, ehrlichia, and anaplasma evolved mechanisms of immune evasion, and each interacts differently with the immune system. the roles of cd8 t cells include protective immunity and immunopathology. in rickettsia infections, cd8 t cells are protective mediated in part by cytotoxicity toward infected cells. in contrast, tnf-α overproduction by cd8 t cells is pathogenic in l ... | 2015 | 25823954 |
| rhipicephalus rossicus, a neglected tick at the margin of europe: a review of its distribution, ecology and medical importance. | rhipicephalus rossicus (ixodida: ixodidae) is a three-host tick with a broad host spectrum that includes wild animals, pets, livestock and humans. despite its local abundance in certain areas, most of the available information on r. rossicus was published decades ago, mainly by former soviet authors. its distribution largely overlaps the eurasian steppe. however, its range may be more extensive than is currently known because this species may have been misidentified as rhipicephalus sanguineus, ... | 2015 | 25761411 |
| a tick vector transmission model of monocytotropic ehrlichiosis. | ehrlichioses are emerging, tick-borne diseases distributed worldwide. previously established animal models use needle inoculation as a mode of infection; however, there is limited representation of natural transmission in artificially inoculated models compared with transmission by the tick vector. the objective of this study was to develop a tick vector transmission animal model of ehrlichial infection using a human pathogen, ehrlichia muris-like agent (emla). | 2015 | 25737562 |