Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| oxidative damage to neurons caused by the induction of microglial nadph oxidase in encephalomyocarditis virus infection. | reactive oxygen species (ros) play an important role in diverse vital functions including host defense via anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects, but ros also lead to peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radical production, which are powerful mediators of brain injury in brain inflammation. it is known that nadph oxidases (nox) are the major source of ros. in the present study, nox2 expression and distribution were examined after intracranial encephalomyocarditis virus b variant (emcv-b) infection, which ... | 2010 | 19945511 |
| hepatitis a virus (hav) packaging size limit. | hepatitis a virus (hav), an atypical picornaviridae that causes acute hepatitis in humans, grows poorly in cell culture and in general does not cause cytopathic effect. foreign sequences have been inserted into different parts of the hav genome. however, the packaging size limit of hav has not been determined. the purpose of the present study is to investigate the maximum size of additional sequences that the hav genome can tolerate without loosing infectivity. | 2009 | 19922643 |
| toll-like receptor-induced innate immune responses in non-parenchymal liver cells are cell type-specific. | little is known of how the toll-like receptor (tlr) system can modulate the function of non-parenchymal liver cells (npc) as a major component of the innate and adaptive immune system of the liver. to investigate the diversification of tlr signalling pathways in npc, we isolated kupffer cells (kc) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (lsec) from wild-type c57bl/6 mice and examined their responses to tlr1 to tlr9 agonists. the data show that kc respond to all tlr ligands by producing tumour nec ... | 2010 | 19922426 |
| recognition of rna virus by rig-i results in activation of card9 and inflammasome signaling for interleukin 1 beta production. | interleukin 1 beta (il-1 beta) is a potent proinflammatory factor during viral infection. its production is tightly controlled by transcription of il1b dependent on the transcription factor nf-kappab and subsequent processing of pro-il-1 beta by an inflammasome. however, the sensors and mechanisms that facilitate rna virus-induced production of il-1 beta are not well defined. here we report a dual role for the rna helicase rig-i in rna virus-induced proinflammatory responses. whereas rig-i-media ... | 2010 | 19915568 |
| differential ifn-alpha/beta production suppressing capacities of the leader proteins of mengovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus. | picornaviruses encompass a large family of rna viruses. some picornaviruses possess a leader (l) protein at the n-terminus of their polyprotein. the l proteins of encephalomyocarditis virus, a cardiovirus, and foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), an aphthovirus, are both dispensable for replication and their major function seems to be the suppression of antiviral host cell responses. previously, we showed that the l protein of mengovirus, a strain of encephalomyocarditis virus, inhibits antivira ... | 2010 | 19863558 |
| a two-pronged strategy to suppress host protein synthesis by sars coronavirus nsp1 protein. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nsp1 protein suppresses host gene expression, including type i interferon production, by promoting host mrna degradation and inhibiting host translation, in infected cells. we present evidence that nsp1 uses a novel, two-pronged strategy to inhibit host translation and gene expression. nsp1 bound to the 40s ribosomal subunit and inactivated the translational activity of the 40s subunits. furthermore, the nsp1-40s ribosome complex induced the modifica ... | 2009 | 19838190 |
| giardiavirus internal ribosome entry site has an apparently unique mechanism of initiating translation. | giardiavirus (glv) utilizes an internal ribosome entry site (ires) for translation initiation in the early branching eukaryote giardia lamblia. unlike most of the viral iress among higher eukaryotes, which localize primarily within the 5'-untranslated region (utr), the glv ires comprises 253 nts of 5'utr and the initial 264 nts in the open-reading-frame (orf). to test if glv ires also functions in higher eukaryotic systems, we examined it in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (rrl) and found that it fun ... | 2009 | 19826476 |
| neutralizing antibodies against ifn beta in patients with multiple sclerosis: a comparative study of two cytopathic effect tests (cpe) for their detection. | neutralizing antibodies (nabs) against ifn beta should be measured in specialized laboratories, using a test of inhibition of the cytopathic effect (bioassay or cpe test), based on the capacity of ifnss to block the infection of live monolayer-cultured cells by a virus, depending on the presence or absence of nabs. the european federation of neurological societies (efns) considers this assay to be the gold standard. however, the various different ways to perform this assay complicate comparison ... | 2009 | 19786034 |
| the viral rna recognition sensor rig-i is degraded during encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection. | rna helicase-like receptors mda-5 but not rig-i has been shown to be essential for triggering innate immune responses against picornaviruses. however, virus-host co-evolution has selected for viruses capable of replicating despite host cells antiviral defences. in this report, we demonstrate that rig-i is degraded during encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection. this effect is mediated by both the viral-encoded 3c protease and caspase proteinase. in addition, we show that rig-i overexpression ... | 2009 | 19733381 |
| toll-like receptor activated human and murine hepatic stellate cells are potent regulators of hepatitis c virus replication. | while hepatic stellate cells (hsc) are known to be key mediators of liver fibrosis, only little is known about their functional role in the innate immune system of the liver. | 2009 | 19716616 |
| random mutagenesis defines a domain of theiler's virus leader protein that is essential for antagonism of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and cytokine gene expression. | the leader protein of cardioviruses, theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), is a multifunctional protein known to antagonize type i interferon expression and to interfere with nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of host proteins and mrna. this protein plays an important role in the capacity of tmev to establish persistent infection of the central nervous system. mutant forms of the tmev leader protein were generated by random mutagenesis and selected aft ... | 2009 | 19710133 |
| mg2+ modulation of emcv ires key activity fragment equilibria and r(g*c) base-pair kinetics. | nmr magnetization transfer from water and ammonia-catalyzed exchange of the imino proton have been used to probe enhanced thermostability and conformational rearrangements induced by mg(2+) in two key activity fragments r(caccuggcgacaggug) and r(ggccaaaagcc) of the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) picornavirus internal ribosome entry site (ires). we have measured some of their r(g*c) base-pair lifetimes and dissociation constants under different mgcl(2) conditions, and we compare them with thos ... | 2009 | 19669575 |
| activation of mda5 requires higher-order rna structures generated during virus infection. | recognition of virus presence via rig-i (retinoic acid inducible gene i) and/or mda5 (melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5) initiates a signaling cascade that culminates in transcription of innate response genes such as those encoding the alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) cytokines. it is generally assumed that mda5 is activated by long molecules of double-stranded rna (dsrna) produced by annealing of complementary rnas generated during viral infection. here, we used an antibody to ... | 2009 | 19656871 |
| structural and functional diversity of viral ireses. | some 20 years ago, the study of picornaviral rna translation led to the characterization of an alternative mechanism of initiation by direct ribosome binding to the 5' utr. by using a bicistronic vector, it was shown that the 5' utr of the poliovirus (pv) or the encephalomyelitis virus (emcv) had the ability to bind the 43s preinitiation complex in a 5' and cap-independent manner. this is rendered possible by an rna domain called ires for internal ribosome entry site which enables efficient tran ... | 2009 | 19632368 |
| rig-i is cleaved during picornavirus infection. | the innate immune system senses rna virus infections through membrane-bound toll-like receptors or the cytoplasmic proteins rig-i and mda-5. rig-i is believed to recognize the 5'-triphosphate present on many viral rnas, and hence is important for sensing infections by paramyxoviruses, influenza viruses, rhabdoviruses, and flaviviruses. mda-5 recognizes dsrna, and senses infection with picornaviruses, whose rna 5'-ends are linked to a viral protein, vpg, not a 5'-triphosphate. we previously showe ... | 2009 | 19628239 |
| interactions between viral and prokaryotic pathogens in a mixed infection with cardiovirus and mycoplasma. | in the natural environment, animal and plant viruses often share ecological niches with microorganisms, but the interactions between these pathogens, although potentially having important implications, are poorly investigated. the present report demonstrates, in a model system, profound mutual effects of mycoplasma and cardioviruses in animal cell cultures. in contrast to mycoplasma-free cells, cultures contaminated with mycoplasma hyorhinis responded to infection with encephalomyocarditis virus ... | 2009 | 19605479 |
| role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes in mice. | the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d virus) causes diabetes in mice by destroying pancreatic beta cells. in mice infected with a low dose of emc-d virus, macrophages play an important role in beta-cell destruction by producing soluble mediators such as interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), and nitric oxide (no). to investigate the role of no and inducible no synthase (inos) in the development of diabetes in emc-d virus-infected mice, we infected ino ... | 2009 | 19535454 |
| polypyrimidine tract binding protein stabilizes the encephalomyocarditis virus ires structure via binding multiple sites in a unique orientation. | polypyrimidine tract binding (ptb) protein is a regulator of alternative pre-mrna splicing, and also stimulates the initiation of translation dependent on many viral internal ribosome entry segments/sites (iress). it has four rna-binding domains (rbds), but although the contacts with many iress have been mapped, the orientation of binding (i.e., which rbd binds to which site in the ires) is unknown. to answer this question, 16 derivatives of ptb1, each with a single cysteine flanking the rna-bin ... | 2009 | 19524536 |
| nifedipine inhibits the activation of inflammatory and immune reactions in viral myocarditis. | the aim of study is to investigate the effect of nifedipine on viral myocarditis in an animal model. | 2009 | 19520090 |
| direct functional interaction of initiation factor eif4g with type 1 internal ribosomal entry sites. | viral internal ribosomal entry sites (iress) mediate end-independent translation initiation. there are 4 major structurally-distinct ires groups: type 1 (e.g., poliovirus) and type 2 (e.g., encephalomyocarditis virus), which are dissimilar except for a yn-xm-aug motif at their 3' borders, type 3 (e.g., hepatitis c virus), and type 4 (dicistroviruses). type 2-4 iress mediate initiation by distinct mechanisms that are nevertheless all based on specific noncanonical interactions with canonical comp ... | 2009 | 19470487 |
| sars-coronavirus modulation of myocardial ace2 expression and inflammation in patients with sars. | angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ace2), a monocarboxylase that degrades angiotensin ii to angiotensin 1-7, is also the functional receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (sars-cov) and is highly expressed in the lungs and heart. patients with sars also suffered from cardiac disease including arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction. | 2009 | 19453650 |
| substance p is required for the pathogenesis of emcv infection in mice. | myocarditis is an important cause of heart failure in adolescents and young adults and is caused, most commonly, by viral infections. viral myocarditis is characterized by cardiac inflammation and cardiomyocyte necrosis. the molecular pathogenesis of viral myocarditis is incomplete and specific therapies are not available. proinflammatory cytokines such as il-1beta, tnf-alpha and il-6 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of myocarditis caused by encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection, a ... | 2009 | 19436834 |
| antiapoptotic activity of the cardiovirus leader protein, a viral "security" protein. | apoptosis is a common antiviral defensive mechanism that potentially limits viral reproduction and spread. many viruses possess apoptosis-suppressing tools. here, we show that the productive infection of hela cells with encephalomyocarditis virus (a cardiovirus) was not accompanied by full-fledged apoptosis (although the activation of caspases was detected late in infection) but rather elicited a strong antiapoptotic state, as evidenced by the resistance of infected cells to viral and nonviral a ... | 2009 | 19420082 |
| highly efficient multicistronic lentiviral vectors with peptide 2a sequences. | gene discovery and gene therapy call for advanced technologies to reliably assess gene expression; efficient coupling of gene expression to the expression of reporter genes is critical. various noninvasive molecular imaging modalities have emerged to track biological processes in animal models. here, we evaluate various strategies to link transgene expression with that of an (imaging) reporter gene. using lentiviral vectors containing internal ribosomal entry sites (ires), 2a-like peptides, or a ... | 2009 | 19419274 |
| saffold virus, a human theiler's-like cardiovirus, is ubiquitous and causes infection early in life. | the family picornaviridae contains well-known human pathogens (e.g., poliovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus, and parechovirus). in addition, this family contains a number of viruses that infect animals, including members of the genus cardiovirus such as encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and theiler's murine encephalomyelits virus (tmev). the latter are important murine pathogens that cause myocarditis, type 1 diabetes and chronic inflammation in the brains, mimicking multiple sclerosis. recently ... | 2009 | 19412527 |
| japanese encephalitis virus-based replicon rnas/particles as an expression system for hiv-1 pr55 gag that is capable of producing virus-like particles. | ectopic expression of the structural protein pr55(gag) of hiv-1 has been limited by the presence of inhibitory sequences in the gag coding region that must normally be counteracted by hiv-1 rev and rre. here, we describe a cytoplasmic rna replicon based on the rna genome of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) that is capable of expressing hiv-1 gag without requiring rev/rre. this replicon system was constructed by deleting all three jev structural protein-coding regions (c, prm, and e) from the 5' ... | 2009 | 19406175 |
| chloroplast-derived vaccine antigens and biopharmaceuticals: expression, folding, assembly and functionality. | chloroplast genetic engineering offers several advantages, including high levels of transgene expression, transgene containment via maternal inheritance, and multi-gene expression in a single transformation event. oral delivery is facilitated by hyperexpression of vaccine antigens against cholera, tetanus, anthrax, plague, or canine parvovirus (4%-31% of total soluble protein, tsp) in transgenic chloroplasts (leaves) or non-green plastids (carrots, tomato) as well as the availability of antibiot ... | 2009 | 19401820 |
| encephalomyocarditis virus infection in wildlife species in greece. | the objective of this work was to search for potential wildlife reservoir hosts of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) in wildlife species. from 1994 to 2006, 317 blood and tissue samples were collected from 17 wildlife species in greece. encephalomyocarditis virus was isolated only from two rattus rattus. in addition, antibody to emcv were detected in sera from 39 rattus rattus, one apodemus sylvaticus, one microtus arvalis, and 13 sus scrofa. | 2009 | 19395765 |
| production of multicistronic hiv-1 based lentiviral vectors. | in the last decade lentiviral gene transfer vectors have gained significant place both in basic science and gene therapy applications. a number of gene transfer applications would benefit from vectors capable of expressing multiple genes. this chapter focuses on production of bicistronic and tricistronic lentiviral vectors based on the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) sequence of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and/or foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) cleavage factor 2a. multigene vector ... | 2009 | 19378113 |
| human febrile illness caused by encephalomyocarditis virus infection, peru. | etiologic studies of acute febrile disease were conducted in sites across south america, including cusco and iquitos, peru. patients' clinical signs and symptoms were recorded, and acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples were obtained for serologic examination and virus isolation in vero e6 and c6/36 cells. virus isolated in vero e6 cells was identified as encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) by electron microscopy and by subsequent molecular diagnostic testing of samples from 2 febrile patient ... | 2009 | 19331761 |
| trim22 e3 ubiquitin ligase activity is required to mediate antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus. | the interferon (ifn) system is a major effector of the innate immunity that allows time for the subsequent establishment of an adaptive immune response against a wide-range of pathogens. their diverse biological actions are thought to be mediated by the products of specific but usually overlapping sets of cellular genes induced in the target cells. ubiquitin ligase members of the tripartite motif (trim) protein family have emerged as ifn-induced proteins involved in both innate and adaptive immu ... | 2009 | 19218198 |
| anti-inflammatory effects of eplerenone on viral myocarditis. | inflammation contributes to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. the aim of this study was to investigate whether eplerenone, a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist, has anti-inflammatory effects on viral myocarditis. | 2009 | 19213804 |
| proteinase 2apro is essential for enterovirus replication in type i interferon-treated cells. | the picornaviridae family comprises a diverse group of small rna viruses that cause a variety of human and animal diseases. some of these viruses are known to induce cleavage of components of the innate immune system and to inhibit steps in the interferon pathway that lead to the production of type i interferon. there has been no study of the effect of picornaviral infection on the events that occur after interferons have been produced. to determine whether members of the enterovirus genus can a ... | 2009 | 19211759 |
| encephalomyocarditis in korea: serological survey in pigs and phylogenetic analysis of two historical isolates. | serum samples from 3315 pigs from 363 farms located throughout all nine korean provinces were tested for the presence of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) antibodies using the virus neutralization test. the seroprevalence of emcv in the total pig population was 9.1%, whereas in the herd the prevalence was 43.5%. the first two emcvs isolated were k3 and k11; these strains were isolated in 1990 from a mummy and a stillborn fetus, respectively, suspected of having emcv. phylogenetic analyses of the ... | 2009 | 19200668 |
| cardioviruses are genetically diverse and cause common enteric infections in south asian children. | cardioviruses cause enteric infections in mice and rats which when disseminated have been associated with myocarditis, type 1 diabetes, encephalitis, and multiple sclerosis-like symptoms. cardioviruses have also been detected at lower frequencies in other mammals. the cardiovirus genus within the picornaviridae family is currently made up of two viral species, theilovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus. until recently, only a single strain of cardioviruses (vilyuisk virus within the theilovirus ... | 2009 | 19193786 |
| role of the innate immune system in acute viral myocarditis. | although the adaptive immune system is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis, the role of the innate immune system has not been well defined. to address this deficiency, we employed a unique line of mice that harbor a genomic "knock in" of a mutated tnf gene lacking the au rich element (tnf(are/are)) that is critical for tnf mrna stability and translation, in order to examine the contribution of the innate immune system in encephalomyocarditis-induced myocard ... | 2009 | 19159057 |
| synthesis of 5-isoxazol-5-yl-2'-deoxyuridines exhibiting antiviral activity against hsv and several rna viruses. | this paper describes a simple method for synthesizing a small library of 5-isoxazol-5-yl-2'-deoxyuridines from 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. nitrile oxides were generated in situ from oximes using a commercial bleaching agent; their cycloaddition with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine yielded isoxazoles possessing activity against herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, encephalomyocarditis virus, coxsackie b3, and vesicular stomatitis virus; these isoxazoles were, however, inactive against corona virus, influenza vi ... | 2009 | 19147352 |
| the vegf ireses are differentially susceptible to translation inhibition by mir-16. | experiments with emcv (encephalomyocarditis virus) internal ribosome entry sites (ireses) have shown that micrornas (mirs) are unable to inhibit ires driven translation. however, it is accepted that mirs can inhibit translation through multiple mechanisms, only some of which require interaction with the 5' cap structure. in this report, we first validate the targeting of mir-16 to a predicted binding site in the vegf 3'utr. we developed a series of experiments to ascertain whether or not mir-16 ... | 2009 | 19144909 |
| hepatitis b virus suppresses toll-like receptor-mediated innate immune responses in murine parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells. | we have previously shown that toll-like receptor (tlr)-activated murine nonparenchymal liver cells [(npc); kupffer cells (kc), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (lsec)] can suppress hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether hbv has the ability to counteract the tlr-mediated control of its replication. freshly purified murine hepatocytes and npcs obtained from c57bl6 mice were stimulated by tlr 1-9 ligands in the presence or absence of hepat ... | 2009 | 19140219 |
| efficient infection of buffalo rat liver-resistant cells by encephalomyocarditis virus requires binding to cell surface sialic acids. | in contrast to the production of virus and cell lysis seen in baby hamster kidney cells (bhk-21) infected with the strain 1086c of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), in buffalo rat liver cells (brl) neither virus replication nor cytopathic effects were observed. after 29 passages in brl cells, each alternating with boosts of the recovered virus in bhk-21 cells, the virus acquired the ability to replicate effectively in brl cells, attaining virus titres comparable to those in bhk-21 cells and pro ... | 2009 | 19088288 |
| leader-induced phosphorylation of nucleoporins correlates with nuclear trafficking inhibition by cardioviruses. | picornaviruses disrupt nucleocytoplasmic trafficking pathways during infection. poliovirus and rhinovirus inhibit nuclear protein import/export through a series of 2a protease-dependent cleavages within nuclear pore proteins (nucleoporins [nups]), including nup62, nup98, and nup153. cardioviruses lack the same protease and instead affect trafficking inhibition through an activity mapped to their leader (l) protein, a 67- to 76-amino acid (aa) polypeptide with no known enzymatic activity. we have ... | 2009 | 19073724 |
| dual regulatory roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in ifn signaling. | pi3k is activated by the type i and ii ifn receptors, but its precise role in the generation of ifn responses is not well understood. in the present study we used embryonic fibroblasts from mice with targeted disruption of the genes encoding for both the p85alpha and p85beta regulatory subunits of pi3'-kinase (p85alpha(-/-)beta(-/-)) to precisely define the role of pi3k in the control of ifn-induced biological responses. our data demonstrate that pi3k plays dual regulatory roles in the induction ... | 2008 | 18981154 |
| genomic determinants of the efficiency of internal ribosomal entry sites of viral and cellular origin. | variation in cellular gene expression levels has been shown to be inherited. expression is controlled at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. internal ribosome entry sites (ires) are used by viruses to bypass inhibition of cap-dependent translation, and by eukaryotic cells to control translation under conditions when protein synthesis is inhibited. we aimed at identifying genomic determinants of variability in ires-mediated translation of viral [encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv)] and ... | 2008 | 18978018 |
| co-expression of human complement regulatory proteins daf and mcp with an ires-mediated dicistronic mammalian vector enhances their cell protective effects. | c3 convertase regulatory proteins, decay accelerating factor (daf, cd55) and membrane cofactor protein (mcp, cd46), have complementary function and transfected into non-human cells might confer protection against human complement. this may be an effective strategy to alleviate c-mediated cell damage by combining the two activities. in this study, we constructed a dicistronic mammalian expression vector pcdna3-mcpiresdaf using the internal ribosomal entry sites (ires) of the encephalomyocarditis ... | 2008 | 18976220 |
| poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) for protein conjugation. | the water-soluble, biocompatible polymer poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (pmpc) was evaluated for protein conjugation. pmpc is a zwitterionic polymer that is able to form a more compact conformation in aqueous solution than poly(ethylene glycol) (peg). while a terminally functionalized n-hydroxysuccinimide derivative of pmpc was not efficient for conjugation to an amine moiety on interferon-alpha2a (ifn), we found that a bis-thiol specific derivative of pmpc could be conjugated af ... | 2008 | 18973286 |
| amantadine as a regulator of internal ribosome entry site. | studies of eukaryotes have yielded 2 translation initiation mechanisms: a classical cap-dependent mechanism and a cap-independent mechanism proceeding through the internal ribosomal entry site (ires). we hypothesized that it might be possible to identify compounds that may distinguish between cap-dependent translation and cap-independent ires-mediated translation. | 2008 | 18954527 |
| activation of an immunoregulatory and antiviral gene expression program in poly(i:c)-transfected human neutrophils. | neutrophils, historically known for their involvement in acute inflammation, are also targets for infection by many different dna and rna viruses. however, the mechanisms by which they recognize and respond to viral components are poorly understood. polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(i:c)) is a synthetic mimetic of viral dsrna that is known to interact either with endosomal tlr3 (not expressed by human neutrophils) or with cytoplasmic rna helicases such as melanoma differentiation-associated ... | 2008 | 18941247 |
| the p59 oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein possesses antiviral activity that requires the c-terminal ubiquitin-like domain. | viral infection of mammalian cells prompts the innate immune system to initiate an antiviral response. the recognition of the virus triggers several antiviral signalling pathways, which among others include the family of 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (oas) proteins. the p59 protein encoded by the oas-like (oasl) gene is an atypical member of the oas family in the sense that it lacks the characteristic 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase activity. we decided to investigate the putative antiviral ac ... | 2008 | 18931074 |
| new organoselenium compounds active against pathogenic bacteria, fungi and viruses. | different n-substituted benzisoselenazol-3(2h)-ones, analogues of ebselen were designed as new antiviral and antimicrobial agents. we report their synthesis, chemical properties as well as study on biological activity against broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms (staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus simulans, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, candida albicans, aspergillus niger) and viruses (herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), encephalomyocarditis virus (e ... | 2008 | 18827382 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the species theilovirus: emerging murine and human pathogens. | the cardiovirus genus of the family picornaviridae includes two distinct species, encephalomyocarditis virus and theilovirus. we now report the complete nucleotide sequences of three theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) strains (to yale, tob15, and vie 415htr) and of vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus (vhev). this information, together with the recently reported sequences of divergent theiloviruses (theiler's-like rat virus [trv] and saffold viruses 1 and 2 [safv-1 and safv-2]), e ... | 2008 | 18815294 |
| a human cell-derived in vitro coupled transcription/translation system optimized for production of recombinant proteins. | the aim of this study was to develop an efficient cell-free protein expression system derived from mammalian cells. we established a hela cell-based in vitro coupled transcription/translation system with t7 rna polymerase and a plasmid that harbored a t7 promoter/terminator unit. to enhance protein synthesis in the coupled system, we placed the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires) or the hepatitis c virus (hcv) ires between the t7 promoter and the coding region o ... | 2008 | 18814849 |
| novel characteristics of the function and induction of murine p56 family proteins. | the interferon-stimulated gene 56 (isg56) family is induced strongly in response to virus infection, interferons (ifns) and double-stranded rna (dsrna). in the mouse, this family comprises three members, isg56, isg54, and isg49, which are clustered on chromosome 19 and encode the corresponding proteins p56, p54, and p49. here, we report differential properties of these proteins and their distinct induction patterns in different cell types. all three murine proteins bound to the c-subunit of the ... | 2008 | 18768971 |
| [production of human recombinant beta-interferon in the avian cell culture]. | the avian recombinant adenovirus of serotype 1 (celo) was obtained. the recombinant adenovirus of serotype 1 (celo) induces expression of human beta-interferon (ib). the expression cassette containing ib gene was placed at the right end of the celo genome under control of hybrid promoter hef-1alpha/htlv. the resulting recombinant adenovirus celo-ib transduced the avian cell culture lmh. the level of production of the recombinant ib was 0.15 micro/ml. the ib protein yield after affine chromatogra ... | 2008 | 18756823 |
| detection and characterization of altered conformations of protein pharmaceuticals using complementary mass spectrometry-based approaches. | unlike small-molecule drugs, the conformational properties of protein biopharmaceuticals in solution are influenced by a variety of factors that are not solely defined by their covalent chemical structure. since the conformation (or higher order structure) of a protein is a major modulator of its biological activity, the ability to detect changes in both the higher order structure and conformational dynamics of a protein, induced by an array of extrinsic factors, is of central importance in prod ... | 2008 | 18729476 |
| susceptibility to viral infection is enhanced by stable expression of 3a or 3ab proteins from foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) 3a protein is involved in virulence and host range. a distinguishing feature of fmdv 3b among picornaviruses is that three non-identical copies are encoded in the viral rna and required for optimal replication in cell culture. here, we have studied the involvement of the 3ab region on viral infection using constitutive and transient expression systems. bhk-21 stably transformed clones expressed low levels of fmdv 3a or 3a(b) proteins in the cell cytoplasm. ... | 2008 | 18694581 |
| improvement of virus safety of an antihemophilc factor ix by virus filtration process. | viral safety is an important prerequisite for clinical preparations of plasma-derived pharmaceuticals. one potential way to increase the safety of therapeutic biological products is the use of a virus-retentive filter. in order to increase the viral safety of human antihemophilic factor ix, particularly in regard to non-enveloped viruses, virus removal process using a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filter (viresolve nfp) has been optimized. the most critical factor affecting the filtration eff ... | 2008 | 18667862 |
| qrs voltages are transiently increased at the superacute stage of experimental myocarditis. | there are few reports on the precise electrocardiographic characteristics of acute myocarditis. the present study was focused on qrs voltage changes at the superacute stage of murine myocarditis. | 2008 | 18650967 |
| dry-heat treatment process for enhancing viral safety of an antihemophilic factor viii concentrate prepared from human plasma. | viral safety is a prerequisite for manufacturing clinical antihemophilic factor viii concentrates from human plasma. with particular regard to the hepatitis a virus (hav), a terminal dry-heat treatment (100 degrees for 30 min) process, following lyophilization, was developed to improve the virus safety of a solvent/detergent-treated antihemophilic factor viii concentrate. the loss of factor viii activity during dry-heat treatment was of about 5%. no substantial changes were observed in the physi ... | 2008 | 18633304 |
| mast cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. | mast cells are powerful producers of multiple cytokines and chemical mediators playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. we examined the role of mast cells in murine models of heart failure due to viral myocarditis, using 2 strains of mast cell-deficient mice. | 2008 | 18606918 |
| validating parameters of a luciferase reporter gene assay to measure neutralizing antibodies to ifnbeta in multiple sclerosis patients. | neutralizing antibodies (nabs) can occur in some multiple sclerosis (ms) patients receiving interferon beta (ifnbeta) therapy. nabs reduce drug bioavailabity and high nab titers reduce drug efficacy. we describe the validation of the r. farrell and g. giovannoni luciferase reporter gene assay to measure nabs to infbeta. we assayed 163 sera from ifnbeta treated ms patients with an optimized luciferase method and compared the results to those obtained with the reference cytopathic effect (cpe) met ... | 2008 | 18511063 |
| ires-dependent replication of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus makes it highly attenuated and incapable of replicating in mosquito cells. | the development of infectious cdna for different alphaviruses opened an opportunity to explore their attenuation by extensively modifying the viral genomes, an approach that might minimize or exclude the reversion to the wild-type, pathogenic phenotype. moreover, the genomes of such alphaviruses can be engineered to contain rna elements that would be functional only in cells of vertebrate, but not insect, origin. in the present study, we developed a recombinant veev that is more attenuated than ... | 2008 | 18501401 |
| the significance of t cells, b cells, antibodies and macrophages against encephalomyocarditis (emc)-d virus-induced diabetes in mice. | in order to clarify the significance of protective mechanisms against encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced diabetes in mice, we studied the relative importance of t cells, b cells, antibodies and macrophages in the prevention of virus-induced diabetes. neither t cell-deficient athymic nude mice nor b cell-deficient micromt/micromt mice showed an enhanced clinical course of emc-d virus-induced diabetes, indicating that neither t cells nor b cells played a major role in the protection against ... | 2008 | 18500429 |
| measurement of antiviral activity induced by interferons alpha, beta, and gamma. | the basic protocol in this unit describes an assay for murine ifn-induced antiviral activity and employs vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and ifn-sensitive fibroblasts. support protocol describes the preparation of vsv cultures and the calculation of multiplicity of infection (moi; i.e., concentration of viral particles required to infect cells). support protocol describes the antibody neutralization assay, which can be used to identify the bioactive species of ifn in a sample, or to test the po ... | 2001 | 18432822 |
| hypoxia-mediated selective mrna translation by an internal ribosome entry site-independent mechanism. | although it is advantageous for hypoxic cells to inhibit protein synthesis and conserve energy, it is also important to translate mrnas critical for adaptive responses to hypoxic stress. because internal ribosome entry sites (ires) have been postulated to mediate this preferential synthesis, we analyzed the 5 '-untranslated regions from a panel of stress-regulated mrnas for m(7)gtp cap-independent translation and identified putative ires elements in encephalomyocarditis virus, vascular endotheli ... | 2008 | 18430730 |
| complete genome sequence analysis of seneca valley virus-001, a novel oncolytic picornavirus. | the complete genome sequence of seneca valley virus-001 (svv-001), a small rna virus, was determined and was shown to have typical picornavirus features. the 7280 nt long genome was predicted to contain a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 666 nt, followed by a single long open reading frame consisting of 6543 nt, which encodes a 2181 aa polyprotein. this polyprotein could potentially be cleaved into 12 polypeptides in the standard picornavirus l-4-3-4 layout. a 3' utr of 71 nt was followed by a po ... | 2008 | 18420805 |
| multiple kinases in the interferon-gamma response. | janus kinases (jaks) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (stats) are essential for responses to interferons (ifns), most cytokines, and some growth factors. jak/stat signaling is not, however, sufficient for a full ifn-gamma response. here, a convenient, robust, and quantitative flow cytometry-based kinome-wide sirna screen has identified nine additional kinases as required for the ifn-gamma class ii hla response, seven for an antiviral response, and two for the cytopathic res ... | 2008 | 18417454 |
| cellular prion protein prevents brain damage after encephalomyocarditis virus infection in mice. | cellular prion protein (prp(c)), a cell-surface glycoprotein normally associated with neurons, is also expressed in other cell types such as glia and lymphocytes. to further elucidate these roles of prp(c), wild-type prion protein gene (prnp(+/+)) mice and prnp-deficient (prnp(-/-)) mice were infected with encephalomyocarditis virus b variant (emcv-b) via an intracranial route. emcv-b causes encephalitis and apoptotic cell death in vivo. histopathological studies revealed that prnp(+/+) mice inf ... | 2008 | 18408883 |
| nmd resulting from encephalomyocarditis virus ires-directed translation initiation seems to be restricted to cbp80/20-bound mrna. | nonsense-mediated messenger rna decay (nmd) generally degrades mrnas that prematurely terminate translation as a means of quality control. nmd in mammalian cells targets newly spliced mrna that is bound by the cap-binding protein heterodimer cbp80/20 and one or more post-splicing exon junction complexes during a pioneer round of translation. nmd targets mrna that initiates translation using the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires), therefore nmd might target not ... | 2008 | 18369367 |
| efficient gene transfer in skeletal muscle with aav-derived bicistronic vector using the fgf-1 ires. | iress (internal ribosome entry sites) are rna elements behaving as translational enhancers in conditions of global translation blockade. iress are also useful in biotechnological applications as they allow expression of several genes from a single mrna. up to now, most ires-containing vectors use the ires from encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), highly active in transiently transfected cells but long and not flexible in its positioning relative to the gene of interest. in contrast, several iress ... | 2008 | 18369321 |
| role of the akt pathway in mrna translation of interferon-stimulated genes. | multiple signaling pathways are engaged by the type i and ii ifn receptors, but their specific roles and possible coordination in the generation of ifn-mediated biological responses remain unknown. we provide evidence that activation of akt kinases is required for ifn-inducible engagement of the mtor/p70 s6 kinase pathway. our data establish that akt activity is essential for up-regulation of key ifn-alpha- and ifn-gamma-inducible proteins, which have important functional consequences in the ind ... | 2008 | 18339807 |
| suppression of interferon (ifn)-inducible genes and ifn-mediated functional responses in bcr-abl-expressing cells. | the interferons (ifns) are cytokines that play key roles in host defense against viral infections and immune surveillance against cancer. we report that bcr-abl transformation of hematopoietic cells results in suppression of ifn-dependent responses, including transcription of ifn-inducible genes and generation of ifn-mediated antiviral effects. bcr-abl transformation suppresses expression of several ifn-regulated genes containing ifn-sensitive response element (isre) or gas elements in their pro ... | 2008 | 18287094 |
| translational control of the innate immune response through irf-7. | transcriptional activation of cytokines, such as type-i interferons (interferon (ifn)-alpha and ifn-beta), constitutes the first line of antiviral defence. here we show that translational control is critical for induction of type-i ifn production. in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking the translational repressors 4e-bp1 and 4e-bp2, the threshold for eliciting type-i ifn production is lowered. consequently, replication of encephalomyocarditis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, influenza virus an ... | 2008 | 18272964 |
| specific small interfering rnas-mediated inhibition of replication of porcine encephalomyocarditis virus in bhk-21 cells. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) is recognized as a pathogen inducing acute myocarditis and sudden death in preweaned piglets and severe reproductive failure in sows. in this study, eight specific small interfering rna (sirna) duplexes targeting different genomic regions of emcv bjc3 were designed and their ability to inhibit virus replication in bhk-21 cells was investigated. the results showed that bhk-21 cells transfected with sirna duplexes to 2c gene (jh-4,666, bjc-1,739), 2b gene (bjc-807 ... | 2008 | 18243347 |
| functional analysis of picornavirus 2b proteins: effects on calcium homeostasis and intracellular protein trafficking. | the family picornaviridae consists of a large group of plus-strand rna viruses that share a similar genome organization. the nomenclature of the picornavirus proteins is based on their position in the viral rna genome but does not necessarily imply a conserved function of proteins of different genera. the enterovirus 2b protein is a small hydrophobic protein that, upon individual expression, is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and the golgi complex, reduces er and golgi complex ca(2+) ... | 2008 | 18216106 |
| optimization strategy for plasmid dnas containing multiple-epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus by cis-expression with il-2. | to optimize previous candidate dna vaccine, a cis-expression plasmid dna encoding two genes, human il-2 and multiple-epitopes genes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was constructed with internal ribosome entry site (ires) from encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and intramuscularly inoculated into mice at 1-week interval. specific antibodies in serum and cytokines (il-2, il-4 and ifn-gamma) from splenocytes were detected by indirect elisa. splenocytes proliferation rate was determined by a s ... | 2008 | 18191307 |
| a new liquid intravenous immunoglobulin with three dedicated virus reduction steps: virus and prion reduction capacity. | a new 10% liquid human intravenous immunoglobulin (us trade name: gammagard liquid; european trade name: kiovig) manufactured by a process with three dedicated pathogen inactivation/removal steps (solvent/detergent treatment, 35-nm nanofiltration and low ph/elevated temperature incubation) was developed. the ability of the manufacturing process to inactivate/remove viruses and prions was investigated. | 2008 | 18167162 |
| protective immune response in mice vaccinated with a recombinant adenovirus containing capsid precursor polypeptide p1, nonstructural protein 2a and 3c protease genes (p12a3c) of encephalomyocarditis virus. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection can cause acute myocarditis and sudden death in pre-weaned piglets as well as severe reproductive failure in sows. in this study, two recombinant adenoviruses containing capsid precursor polypeptide p1 alone (ad-p1) and p1 plus nonstructural protein 2a and 3c protease coding regions (ad-p12a3c) of emcv were respectively constructed using replication-defective human adenovirus serotype 5 as vector, and their antibody responses and protective efficacies ... | 2008 | 18162265 |
| molecular characterization of woodchuck type i interferons and their expression by woodchuck peripheral blood lymphocytes. | interferon (ifn)-alpha and -beta are important antiviral mediators. ifn-alpha is widely used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis b. in our previous studies, a subtype of woodchuck ifn-alpha (wifn-alpha) was characterized and has been shown to be active in suppressing the replication of woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv) in vitro and vivo. here, we refined the analysis of the ifn-alpha/beta system of the woodchuck and studied the expression of wifn-alpha/beta in peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls ... | 2008 | 18096400 |
| candesartan improves myocardial damage in obese mice with viral myocarditis and induces cardiac adiponectin. | to clarify the mechanism of the effects of angiotensin ii receptor type 1 antagonist, candesartan, upon cardiac adiponectin in the combination of myocarditis with obesity, we examined obese kkay mice with acute viral myocarditis treated by candesartan and investigated cardiac adiponectin regulation. | 2008 | 18053594 |
| a new generation of pprig-based retroviral vectors. | retroviral vectors are valuable tools for gene transfer. particularly convenient are ires-containing retroviral vectors expressing both the protein of interest and a marker protein from a single bicistronic mrna. this coupled expression increases the relevance of tracking and/or selection of transduced cells based on the detection of a marker protein. pap2 is a retroviral vector containing egfp downstream of a modified ires element of emcv origin, and a cmv enhancer-promoter instead of the u3 re ... | 2007 | 18053131 |
| [in process citation]. | cytokines are being increasingly recognised as important factors in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of heart failure. elevated levels of circulating cytokines have been reported in patients with heart failure, and various cytokines have been shown to depress myocardial contractility in vitro and in vivo. in our murine model of congestive heart failure resulting from encephalomyocarditis virus infection, survival and myocardial damage were markedly improved by treatment with vesnarinone. ves ... | 1997 | 18031085 |
| french maritime pine bark extract inhibits viral replication and prevents development of viral myocarditis. | french maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol) revealed diverse anti-inflammatory actions by an inhibition of nf-kappab-dependent gene expression. the aim of this study was to determine whether pycnogenol had a beneficial effect on viral myocarditis in mice. | 2007 | 17996829 |
| long term expression of bicistronic vector driven by the fgf-1 ires in mouse muscle. | electrotransfer of plasmid dna into skeletal muscle is a promising strategy for the delivery of therapeutic molecules targeting various muscular diseases, cancer and lower-limb ischemia. internal ribosome entry sites (iress) allow co-expression of proteins of interest from a single transcriptional unit. iress are rna elements that have been found in viral rnas as well as a variety of cellular mrnas with long 5' untranslated regions. while the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) ires is often used ... | 2007 | 17963525 |
| analysis of igg heavy chain to light chain ratio with mutant encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site. | immunoglobulin g (igg) is a heterotetrameric protein assembled from two identical heavy chain (hc) and two identical light chain (lc) polypeptides. the hc and lc folding and assembly are a crucial step for igg production. it is affected by the ratio of hc to lc expression (hc:lc). to date, the hc:lc ratio was analysed mainly by cotransfection of different amounts of two monocistronic hc and lc expression plasmids, an approach biased by different transfection efficiencies. to circumvent this prob ... | 2007 | 17951613 |
| stimulation of picornavirus replication by the poly(a) tail in a cell-free extract is largely independent of the poly(a) binding protein (pabp). | picornavirus infectivity is dependent on the rna poly(a) tail, which binds the poly(a) binding protein (pabp). pabp was reported to stimulate viral translation and rna synthesis. here, we studied encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and poliovirus (pv) genome expression in krebs-2 and hela cell-free extracts that were drastically depleted of pabp (96%-99%). although pabp depletion markedly diminished emcv and pv internal ribosome entry site (ires)-mediated translation of a polyadenylated luciferase ... | 2007 | 17942745 |
| antibody-secreting cells in the central nervous system in an animal model of ms: phenotype, association with disability, and in vitro production of antibody. | little is known about antibody production within the central nervous system, called intrathecal antibody production (itabp). mice infected with theiler's murine encephalomyocarditis virus (tmev) develop an immune-mediated demyelinating disease(tmev-idd), characterized by progressive weakness associated with robust itabp, cns inflammation and demyelination. tmev-idd represents an excellent model of human multiple sclerosis (ms), especially its progressive disability. the mechanism of the weakness ... | 2007 | 17919740 |
| in vitro reconstitution and biochemical characterization of translation initiation by internal ribosomal entry. | the internal ribosomal entry sites (iress) of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and related viruses promote initiation of translation by a noncanonical end-independent mechanism. to characterize this mechanism at the molecular level, we have developed biochemical approaches to reconstitute the process in vitro from individual purified components of the translation apparatus, developed methods to characterize steps in this process so that the functions of individual proteins can be characterized, ... | 2007 | 17913647 |
| a highly efficient and robust in vitro translation system for expression of picornavirus and hepatitis c virus rna genomes. | a krebs-2 cell-free extract that efficiently translates encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) rna and extensively processes the viral polyprotein is also capable of supporting complete infectious emcv replication. the system displays high rna synthesis activity and de novo synthesis of virus up to titers of 2 x 10(7) to 6 x 10(7) plaque-forming units (pfu)/ml. the preparation of krebs-2 cell extract and methods of analysis of emcv-specific processes in vitro are described. we also demonstrate that t ... | 2007 | 17913619 |
| high level protein expression in mammalian cells using a safe viral vector: modified vaccinia virus ankara. | vaccinia virus vectors are attractive tools to direct high level protein synthesis in mammalian cells. in one of the most efficient strategies developed so far, the gene to be expressed is positioned downstream of a bacteriophage t7 promoter within the vaccinia genome and transcribed by the t7 rna polymerase, also encoded by the vaccinia virus genome. tight regulation of transcription and efficient translation are ensured by control elements of the escherichia coli lactose operon and the encepha ... | 2007 | 17892951 |
| treatment options in myocarditis: what we know from experimental data and how it translates to clinical trials. | although viral myocarditis has been mostly attributed to enterovirus and adenovirus infection until recently, the association with parvovirus b19 in europe and hepatitis c virus in asia has lately been noted. clinical trials of antiviral agents, such as interferons, are in progress. whereas immunosuppression with corticosteroids or cyclosporine is ineffective, immunosuppressors that do not promote viral replication, such as fty720, are promising new approaches. the inhibition of nuclear factor-k ... | 2007 | 17882370 |
| back to basics: the untreated rabbit reticulocyte lysate as a competitive system to recapitulate cap/poly(a) synergy and the selective advantage of ires-driven translation. | translation of most eukaryotic mrnas involves the synergistic action between the 5' cap structure and the 3' poly(a) tail at the initiation step. the poly(a) tail has also been shown to stimulate translation of picornavirus internal ribosome entry sites (ires)-directed translation. these effects have been attributed principally to interactions between eif4g and poly(a)-binding protein (pabp) but also to the participation of pabp in other steps during translation initiation. as the rabbit reticul ... | 2007 | 17881372 |
| selection and analysis of mutations in an encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site that improve the efficiency of a bicistronic flavivirus construct. | flaviviruses have a positive-stranded rna genome, which simultaneously serves as an mrna for translation of the viral proteins. all of the structural and nonstructural proteins are translated from a cap-dependent cistron as a single polyprotein precursor. in an earlier study (k. k. orlinger, v. m. hoenninger, r. m. kofler, and c. w. mandl, j. virol. 80:12197-12208, 2006), it was demonstrated that an artificial bicistronic flavivirus genome, tbev-bc, in which the region coding for the viral surfa ... | 2007 | 17855533 |
| cardiovirus 2a protein associates with 40s but not 80s ribosome subunits during infection. | host translation shutoff induced in picornavirus-infected cells is a well-known phenomenon. the mechanisms by which separate genera of the picornavirus family achieve this shutoff differ. this study examined alterations in the cellular translational components in hela cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), a cardiovirus. in agreement with previous reports, emcv induced a marked decrease in host mrna translation. the inhibition correlated with the appearance of a significantly enh ... | 2007 | 17728235 |
| comparative aspects on the role of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein in internal initiation of hepatitis c virus and picornavirus rnas. | we compared the effects of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (ptb) on hepatitis c virus (hcv genotype iia), encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and poliovirus internal ribosome entry site (ires) activities in vitro. it bound strongly to emcv ires, but weakly to pv and hcv rnas. pv ires showed the strongest dependency to ptb and it showed less than one-tenth of ires activity after the immuno-depletion of ptb from hela s10 lysate with pre-coated anti-ptb igg beads, comparing to the normal igg bea ... | 2008 | 17706779 |
| measles virus n protein inhibits host translation by binding to eif3-p40. | the nonsegmented, negative-sense rna genome of measles virus (mv) is encapsidated by the virus-encoded nucleocapsid protein (n). in this study, we searched for n-binding cellular proteins by using mv-n as bait and screening the human t-cell cdna library by yeast two-hybrid assay and isolated the p40 subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eif3-p40) as a binding partner. the interaction between mv-n and eif3-p40 in mammalian cells was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. since eif3-p40 is a tra ... | 2007 | 17686838 |
| microrna inhibition of translation initiation in vitro by targeting the cap-binding complex eif4f. | micrornas (mirnas) play an important role in gene regulatory networks in animals. yet, the mechanistic details of their function in translation inhibition or messenger rna (mrna) destabilization remain controversial. to directly examine the earliest events in this process, we have developed an in vitro translation system using mouse krebs-2 ascites cell-free extract that exhibits an authentic mirna response. we show here that translation initiation, specifically the 5' cap recognition process, i ... | 2007 | 17656684 |
| small self-rna generated by rnase l amplifies antiviral innate immunity. | antiviral innate immunity is initiated in response to rna molecules that are produced in virus-infected cells. these rnas activate signalling cascades that activate the genes that encode alpha- and beta-interferon (ifn). signalling occurs through the interaction of the rnas with either of two pathogen recognition receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene-i (rig-i, also known as ddx58) and melanoma differentiation associated gene-5 (mda5, also known as ifih1), which contain amino-terminal caspase a ... | 2007 | 17653195 |
| poly(a)-binding protein is differentially required for translation mediated by viral internal ribosome entry sites. | the 3' poly(a) tail present on the majority of mature eukaryotic mrnas is an important regulator of protein synthesis and mrna stability. the poly(a) tail improves the efficiency of translation initiation through recruitment of pabp, enabling its interaction with eif4f located at the mrna 5'-end. recent evidence has also implicated a possible role for pabp and the poly(a) tract in translation control at steps beyond the initiation phase. similar to conventional mrnas, plus-strand rna virus genom ... | 2007 | 17652408 |
| oral administration of candesartan improves the survival of mice with viral myocarditis through modification of cardiac adiponectin expression. | we examined the effects of the angiotensin ii receptor type 1 blocker candesartan on myocarditis injury in a murine model of acute myocarditis. we hypothesized that candesartan improves cardiac damage by inducing cardiac expression of adiponectin. | 2007 | 17484035 |
| insights into rna virus mutant spectrum and lethal mutagenesis events: replicative interference and complementation by multiple point mutants. | rna virus behavior can be influenced by interactions among viral genomes and their expression products within the mutant spectra of replicating viral quasispecies. here, we report the extent of interference of specific capsid and polymerase mutants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) on replication of wild-type (wt) rna. the capsid and polymerase mutants chosen for this analysis had been characterized biochemically and structurally. upon co-electroporation of bhk-21 cells with wt rna and a te ... | 2007 | 17481660 |