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spatial and temporal influences on the physiological condition of invasive silver carp.we quantified nutritional and stress parameters (alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, protein, triglycerides, cortisol, and glucose) in invasive silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) inhabiting four large rivers throughout three distinct time periods in the midwestern usa. examining the basic biology and ecology of an invasive species is crucial to gain an understanding of the interaction between an organism and its environment. analysis of the physiological condition of wild-caught silver car ...201327293601
solute carriers (slcs) identified and characterized from kidney transcriptome of golden mahseer (tor putitora) (fam: cyprinidae).the solute carriers (slc) are trans-membrane proteins, those regulate the transport of various substances (sugars, amino acids, nucleotides, inorganic cations/anions, metals, drugs etc.) across the cell membrane. there are more than 338 solute carriers (slc) reported in fishes that play crucial role in cellular influx and efflux. the study of solute carrier families may reveal many answers regarding the function of transporter genes in the species and their effect in the existing environment. th ...201627287540
effects of different concentrations of metal ions on degradation of adenosine triphosphate in common carp (cyprinus carpio) fillets stored at 4°c: an in vivo study.the impact of different concentrations of na(+), k(+), ca(2+), mg(2+), fe(2+), and zn(2+) on the degradation of adenosine triphosphate (atp) and the influence of these ions on the activity of adenosine monophosphate deaminase (amp-deaminase) and acid phosphatase (acp) in common carp fillets (in vivo) during 4°c storage was examined. the content of atp, inosine monophosphate (imp), and hypoxanthine (hx), and the activity of amp-deaminase and acp were determined. results indicated that the effects ...201627283700
who is who: an anomalous predator-prey role exchange between cyprinids and perch.piscivory in cyprinids (cyprinidae) is extremely rare. specifically, common bream (abramis brama) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) are zooplanktivorous fish in deep lentic waters. nevertheless, we observed predation by these two cyprinids under natural conditions in the vír reservoir, czech republic. we conducted diet analysis for cyprinids caught by trawling and gillnets and the large amount of young-of-the-year (yoy) perch (perca fluviatilis), with sizes of 37-52 mm standard length, were foun ...201627276078
glycogen dynamics of crucian carp (carassius carassius) in prolonged anoxia.mobilization of glycogen stores was examined in the anoxic crucian carp (carassius carassius linnaeus). winter-acclimatized fish were exposed to anoxia for 1, 3, or 6 weeks at 2 °c, and changes in the size of glycogen deposits were followed. after 1 week of anoxia, a major part of the glycogen stores was mobilized in liver (79.5 %) and heart (75.6 %), and large decreases occurred in gill (46.7 %) and muscle (45.1 %). brain was an exception in that its glycogen content remained unchanged. the amo ...201627272729
a systematic investigation into the environmental fate of microcystins and the potential risk: study in lake taihu.a systematic investigation was conducted in lake taihu in autumn of 2013 and 2014, in order to understand the environmental fate of microcystins (mcs) and evaluate the health risk from mcs. samples of water, algal cells, macrophytes, shrimps and fish were taken to detect mcs by hplc-ms/ms after solid phase extraction. widespread mc contamination in water, algal cells, macrophytes, shrimps and fish was found in lake taihu. the ubiquitous presence of mcs in water, algal cells and biota was found i ...201627271667
homoeologue expression insights into the basis of growth heterosis at the intersection of ploidy and hybridity in cyprinidae.hybridization and polyploidization are considered important driving forces that form new epigenetic regulations. to study the changing patterns of expression accompanying hybridization and polyploidization, we used rna-seq and qrt-pcr to investigate global expression and homoeologue expression in diploid and tetraploid hybrids of carassius auratus red var. (♀) (r) and cyprinus carpio (♂) (c). by comparing the relative expression levels between the hybrids and their parents, we defined the expres ...201627265401
the in vitro effect of temperature on motility and antioxidant response of common carp cyprinus carpio spermatozoa.the effect of temperature on cyprinus carpio spermatozoa in vitro was investigated with spermatozoa activated at 4, 14, and 24°c. at 30s post-activation, motility rate was significantly higher at 4°c compared to 14 and 24°c, whereas highest swimming velocity was observed at 14°c. the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (tbars) content was significantly higher at 14°c and 24°c than at 4°c in motile spermatozoa. no significant differences in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity relative t ...201627264890
toll-like receptors and interferon associated immune factors responses to spring viraemia of carp virus infection in common carp (cyprinus carpio).pattern recognition receptor (prr) toll-like receptors (tlrs), antiviral agent interferon (ifn) and the effector ifn stimulated genes (isgs) play a fundamental role in the innate immune response against viruses among all vertebrate classes. common carp is a host for spring viraemia of carp virus (rhabdovirus carpio, svcv), which belong to rhabdoviridae family. the present in-vivo experiment was conducted to investigate the expression of these innate immune factors in early phase as well as durin ...201627263115
gnih plays a negative role in regulating gth expression in the common carp, cyprinus carpio l.in birds and mammals, the gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone (gnih) effectively inhibits the expression of gonadotrophin (gth). in teleosts, the effects of gnih are still unclear and under much debate. the aim of this study is to evaluate the functions of gnih/receptors of gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone (gnihrs) system during reproduction in the common carp, cyprinus carpio l. we cloned the full cdna sequences of gnih /gnihrs. real-time pcr results showed that gnih/gnihrs were distributed extens ...201627263051
lactobacillus acidophilus attenuates aeromonas hydrophila induced cytotoxicity in catla thymus macrophages by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation.the pathogenesis of aeromonas hydrophila, a potent fish pathogen, is attributed to its ability to cause motile aeromonad septicaemia leading to apoptosis in a myriad of fish species, including freshwater carp catla catla. however, the underlying mechanism of antagonistic activity of probiotics against a. hydrophila induced apoptosis is not elucidated due to lack of appropriate in-vitro models. this study reported that the exposure of catla thymus macrophages (ctm) to a. hydrophila markedly induc ...201627262084
case studies of spinal deformities in ornamental koi, cyprinus carpio l.this is a study of vertebral deformities in ornamental koi based on computed radiography and skeletons cleaned by dermestid beetles (dermestes maculatus). all koi developed gradual onset of swimming abnormalities as adults. extensive intervertebral osteophyte formation correlated with age of fish and was associated with hindquarter paresis in one koi. vertebral compression and fusion were the most common spinal deformities occurring at multiple sites, similar to findings in other farmed fish. si ...201727260260
biological invasion by a benthivorous fish reduced the cover and species richness of aquatic plants in most lakes of a large north american ecoregion.biological invasions are projected to be the main driver of biodiversity and ecosystem function loss in lakes in the 21st century. however, the extent of these future losses is difficult to quantify because most invasions are recent and confounded by other stressors. in this study, we quantified the outcome of a century-old invasion, the introduction of common carp to north america, to illustrate potential consequences of introducing non-native ecosystem engineers to lakes worldwide. we used the ...201627251937
restrictions on the importation of zebrafish into canada associated with spring viremia of carp virus.the zebrafish model system is helping researchers improve the health and welfare of people and animals and has become indispensable for advancing biomedical research. as genetic engineering is both resource intensive and time-consuming, sharing successfully developed genetically modified zebrafish lines throughout the international community is critical to research efficiency and to maximizing the millions of dollars in research funding. new restrictions on importation of zebrafish into canada b ...201627248438
invasion status of the common carp cyprinus carpio in inland waters of argentina.this study documents the presence of cyprinus carpio in 119 natural environments and 49 artificial habitats in argentina, showing an exponential increment of invaded locations over time since it was introduced in the nineteenth century. geographic expansion patterns revealed that since its initial introduction, species records demonstrate an increment in the central portion of the country only after 1970 and subsequent expansion after 1990 to the north, west and south. using an environmental sim ...201627241358
transciptomic study of mucosal immune, antioxidant and growth related genes and non-specific immune response of common carp (cyprinus carpio) fed dietary ferula (ferula assafoetida).a 8-weeks feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of different levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) of dietary ferula (ferula assafoetida) on expression of antioxidant enzymes (gsr, gpx and gsta), immune (tnf-alpha, il1b, il- 8 and lyz) and growth (gh, igf1 and ghrl) genes as well as cutaneous mucus and serum non-specific immune response in common carp. the results revealed ferula significantly increased antioxidant gene expression (gsr and gsta) in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05). the expres ...201627241284
risk screening of pharmaceutical compounds in romanian aquatic environment.the aquatic environment is under increased pressure by pharmaceutically active compounds (phacs) due to anthropogenic activities. in spite of being found at very low concentrations (ng/l to μg/l) in the environment, phacs represent a real danger to aquatic ecosystems due to their bioaccumulation and long-term effects. in this study, the presence in the aquatic environment of six non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, diclofenac, acetaminophen, naproxen, indomethacin, and ketoprofen), ...201627234514
rhabdomyosarcoma in a silver carp.rhabdomyosarcoma is a primitive neoplasm that originates from skeletal muscle progenitor cells. in a routine inspection of a cyprinid farm in southwestern iran, an approximately 2-year-old female silver carp was observed to have a raised mass located on the dorsolateral surface just caudal to the head. macroscopic examination revealed a firm irregular fleshy pink mass (5 × 4 cm, depth = 3 cm) that appeared to arise from the subcutaneous musculature. histologic sections were prepared using routin ...201627229885
no evidence of exposure to environmental estrogens in two feral fish species sampled from the yarra river, australia: a comparison with northern hemisphere studies.environmental estrogens originate from a variety of sources including sewage treatment plant (stp) effluents and adverse physiological effects (endocrine disruption) have been observed in several fish species sampled downstream of stp discharges. in this study we examined common carp (cyprinus carpio) and roach (rutilis rutilis) for signs of exposure to environmental estrogens in the iconic yarra river, melbourne, australia. the yarra river flows through the city of melbourne and more than 2 mil ...201627228034
an ultra-high density linkage map and qtl mapping for sex and growth-related traits of common carp (cyprinus carpio).high density genetic linkage maps are essential for qtl fine mapping, comparative genomics and high quality genome sequence assembly. in this study, we constructed a high-density and high-resolution genetic linkage map with 28,194 snp markers on 14,146 distinct loci for common carp based on high-throughput genotyping with the carp 250 k single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) array in a mapping family. the genetic length of the consensus map was 10,595.94 cm with an average locus interval of 0.75 c ...201627225429
concentration of carp edema virus (cev) dna in koi tissues affected by koi sleepy disease (ksd).carp edema virus (cev), the causative agent of 'koi sleepy disease' (ksd), appears to be spreading worldwide and to be responsible for losses in koi, ornamental varieties of the common carp cyprinus carpio. clinical signs of ksd include lethargic behaviour, swollen gills, sunken eyes and skin alterations and can easily be mistaken for other diseases, such as infection with cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3). to improve the future diagnosis of cev infection and to provide a tool to better explore th ...201627225208
frequency and histologic characterization of coelomatic neoplasms in koi cyprinus carpio koi.koi carp presenting with coelomatic neoplastic lesions are of growing importance in switzerland and elsewhere in europe, as clinical diagnosis is usually difficult and prognosis is usually poor because of late recognition. to gain more information about this condition, between 2008 and 2012, 117 koi diagnosed with coelomatic tumours were included in this study. the nature and growth characteristics of these pathologic tissues were documented. out of 117 koi, 48.9% (n = 57) were female; the ovary ...201627225205
open and closed evolutionary paths for drastic morphological changes, involving serial gene duplication, sub-functionalization, and selection.twin-tail goldfish strains are examples of drastic morphological alterations that emerged through domestication. although this mutation is known to be caused by deficiency of one of two duplicated chordin genes, it is unknown why equivalent mutations have not been observed in other domesticated fish species. here, we compared the chordin gene morphant phenotypes of single-tail goldfish and common carp (close relatives, both of which underwent chordin gene duplication and domestication). morpholi ...201627220684
metal concentrations in water, sediment and three fish species from the danube river, serbia: a cause for environmental concern.the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of metal contamination in water, sediments and three different fish species. all samples were taken from the danube river in belgrade region, a location upstream from grocka. concentrations of cd, hg and pb in water samples were not detected, while concentrations of zn, fe, cu and as were in the range of 0.004-0.41 mg l(-1). iron was the most deposited metal in sediment samples (17,530.00 mg kg(-1)). for the purpose of heavy metal determinati ...201627211095
the effect of tramadol hydrochloride on early life stages of fish.the aim of this study was to perform the fish embryo acute toxicity test (fet) on zebrafish (danio rerio) and the early-life stage toxicity test on common carp (cyprinus carpio) with tramadol hydrochloride. the fet was performed using the method inspired by the oecd guideline 236. newly fertilized zebrafish eggs were exposed to tramadol hydrochloride at concentrations of 10; 50; 100 and 200μg/l for a period of 144h. an embryo-larval toxicity test on c. carpio was performed according to oecd guid ...201627208654
the role of melatonin as a hormone and an antioxidant in the control of fish reproduction.reproduction in most fish is seasonal or periodic, and the spawning occurs in an appropriate season to ensure maximum survival of the offspring. the sequence of reproductive events in an annual cycle is largely under the control of a species-specific endogenous timing system, which essentially relies on a well-equipped physiological response mechanism to changing environmental cues. the duration of solar light or photoperiod is one of the most predictable environmental signals used by a large nu ...201627199895
hepatocytes as in vitro test system to investigate metabolite patterns of pesticides in farmed rainbow trout and common carp: comparison between in vivo and in vitro and across species.in vitro tools using isolated primary fish hepatocytes have been proposed as a useful model to study the hepatic metabolism of xenobiotics in fish. in order to evaluate the potential of in vitro fish hepatocyte assays to provide information on in vivo metabolite patterns of pesticides in farmed fish, the present study addressed the following questions: are in vitro and in vivo metabolite patterns comparable? are species specific differences of metabolite patterns in vivo reflected in vitro? are ...201627185525
identification and characterization of a ltr retrotransposon from the genome of cyprinus carpio var. jian.a ty3/gypsy-retrotransposon-type transposon was found in the genome of the jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) in a previous study (unpublished), and was designated a jre retrotransposon (jian retrotransposon). the full-length jre retrotransposon is 5126 bp, which includes two long terminal repeats of 470 bp at the 5' end and 453 bp at the 3' end, and two open reading frames between them: 4203 bp encoding the group-specific antigen (gag) and polyprotein (pol). the pol gene has a typical ty3/gy ...201627178280
the pacific white shrimp β-actin promoter: functional properties and the potential application for transduction system using recombinant baculovirus.a newly isolated pacific white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) beta-actin promoter sbap and its derivative compact construct sbap (enx) have recently been demonstrated to promote ectopic gene expression in vitro and in vivo. to further explore the potential transduction application, this newly isolated shrimp promoter sbap was comparatively tested with cytomegalovirus (cmv), simian virus 40 (sv40), polyhedrin (polh), and white spot syndrome virus immediate early gene 1 (wssv ie1) four constitutive ...201627177910
the dietary wood betony, stachys lavandulifolia vahl extract as a growth promoter and immune enhancer in common carp (cyprinus carpio).the present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of wood betony (wb), stachys lavandulifolia extract on growth performance and some immune responses in common carp, cyprinus carpio. different concentrations of the wb extract 0, 2, 4 and 8% (g per 100 g of diet) were added to commercial diet. each treatment was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of fish having average initial weight of 44 ± 0.62 g for 10 weeks. the results showed that final weight, food conversion ratio, specific grow ...201427175131
enzyme activity and morphological change in the spleens of crucian carp in the yongcheng coal mine subsidence area, china.the goal of the current study was to investigate the effects of pollution on aquatic organisms in the yongcheng coal mine subsidence area. crucian carp (carassius auratus) were collected from yongcheng natural fishpond (experimental group) and tianmu lake (control group), and the spleens were isolated for analysis. subsequently, histological changes, dna damage, and antioxidant enzyme activity were assessed. the result showed that there were more vacuoles, widened blood sinus cavities, increased ...201627173263
detection of goldfish haematopoietic necrosis herpes virus (cyprinid herpesvirus-2) with multi-drug resistant aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish: first evidence of any viral disease outbreak in ornamental freshwater aquaculture farms in india.this outbreak report details of a mortality event where cyprinid herpes virus-2 (cyhv-2) was detected in association with multidrug-resistant aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish, carassius auratus, from commercial farms. the goldfish exhibited large scale haemorrhages on the body, fins and gills, lepidorthosis, necrosed gills, protruded anus and shrunken eyes. white nodular necrotic foci in spleen and kidneys were noticed, along with necrosis and fusion of gill lamellae. transmission elec ...201627172876
bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl acids including the isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate in carp (cyprinus carpio) in a sediment/water microcosm.carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) including perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) isomers in an artificially contaminated sediment/water microcosm. the uptake constant of pfaas increased with increasing carbon chain length, whereas the elimination coefficient displayed the opposite trend, suggesting that carbon chain length plays an important role in the bioaccumulation of pfaas. when the contribution of suspended particulate matter was taken into account, the bioacc ...201627163505
why does gila elegans have a bony tail? a study of swimming morphology convergence.caudal-fin-based swimming is the primary form of locomotion in most fishes. as a result, many species have developed specializations to enhance performance during steady swimming. specializations that enable high swimming speeds to be maintained for long periods of time include: a streamlined body, high-aspect-ratio (winglike) caudal fin, a shallow caudal peduncle, and high proportions of slow-twitch ("red") axial muscle. we described the locomotor specializations of a fish species native to the ...201627157474
effects of ifnγ administration on allograft rejection in ginbuna crucian carp.in vertebrates, the rejection of allografts is primarily accomplished by cell-mediated immunity. we recently identified four ifnγ isoforms with antiviral activity in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. however, involvement of the ifnγ isoforms in cell-mediated immunity, especially in t cell function remains unknown. here we investigate expression of the ifnγ isoforms and effects of administration of recombinant ifnγ (rgifnγ) isoforms in ginbuna scale allograft rejection. all fou ...201627156851
immune effects of the vaccine of live attenuated aeromonas hydrophila screened by rifampicin on common carp (cyprinus carpio l).aeromonas hydrophila, as a strong gram-negative bacterium, can infect a wide range of freshwater fish, including common carp cyprinus carpio, and cause the huge economic loss. to create the effective vaccine is the best way to control the outbreak of the disease caused by a. hydrophila. in this study, a live attenuated a. hydrophila strain, xx1la, was screened from the pathogenic a. hydrophila strain xx1 cultured on medium containing the antibiotic rifampicin, which was used as a live attenuated ...201627155500
occurrence and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments and paddy ecosystems of liaohe river basin, northeast china.concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) congeners were measured in river sediments, paddy soils and three species of paddy-field organisms (crab, loach and carp) collected from the liaohe river basin, northeastern china. the total contents of pbdes (∑16pbdes) in sediments and paddy soils were in the ranges of 273.4-3246.3pg/g dry weight (dw), and 192.1-1783.8pg/gdw, respectively. bde 209 was the dominant congener both in sediments and paddy soils. the concentrations of ∑16pbdes ...201627155431
prioritization of contaminated watercourses using an integrated biomarker approach in caged carp.because of the ever increasing complexity of environmental contamination profiles, there are limitations to the use of analytical pollutant measurements for monitoring and prioritization of watercourses. the potential of biomarkers has been debated for many years, especially in laboratory settings, but there is a need for studies evaluating these approaches in the field. we evaluated the usefulness of a selection of biomarkers, mostly indicators of general physiological status and common stress ...201627153115
susceptibility of isogeneic ginbuna carassius auratus langsdorfii temminck et schlegel to cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (cyhv-2) as a model species.herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (hvhn), caused by cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (cyhv-2), has affected the commercial production of the goldfish carassius auratus and gibelio carp carassius auratus gibelio. high water temperature treatments are reported to reduce the mortality rate of infected goldfish and elicit immunity in the survivors. to define the mechanism by which this intervention induces resistance, clonal ginbuna carassius auratus langsdorfii, which is closely related to both species and ...201727150547
qtl variations for growth-related traits in eight distinct families of common carp (cyprinus carpio).comparing qtl analyses of multiple pair-mating families can provide a better understanding of important allelic variations and distributions. however, most qtl mapping studies in common carp have been based on analyses of individual families. in order to improve our understanding of heredity and variation of qtls in different families and identify important qtls, we performed qtl analysis of growth-related traits in multiple segregating families.201627150452
effective utilization of distiller's grain soluble-an agro-industrial waste in the feed of cage-reared minor carp labeo bata in a tropical reservoir, india.a 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of distiller's grain soluble (brewery waste) as a prospective ingredient to substitute expensive and high demand feed component, soybean meal for farming labeo bata in cages installed in tropical reservoir. two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets comprising brewery waste (49.2 % cp) as test diet and soybean meal (44.4 % cp) as reference diet were formulated and extruded to obtain 2-mm floating pellets. the efficacy of the diets was te ...201627146546
antibodies to carbamylated α-enolase epitopes in rheumatoid arthritis also bind citrullinated epitopes and are largely indistinct from anti-citrullinated protein antibodies.in addition to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpas), antibodies targeting carbamylated (i.e., homocitrullinated) proteins (anti-carp antibodies) have been described in rheumatoid arthritis (ra). however, the extent to which anti-carp antibodies are truly distinct from acpa remains unclear, and few studies have focused on specific autoantigens. here, we examine cross-reactivity between acpa and anti-carp antibodies, in the context of the candidate autoantigen α-enolase.201627145822
multifunctional protein: cardiac ankyrin repeat protein.cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) not only serves as an important component of muscle sarcomere in the cytoplasm, but also acts as a transcription co-factor in the nucleus. previous studies have demonstrated that carp is up-regulated in some cardiovascular disorders and muscle diseases; however, its role in these diseases remains controversial now. in this review, we will discuss the continued progress in the research related to carp, including its discovery, structure, and the role it plays ...201627143260
comparison of methods to improve induction of spermiation in wild-caught carp (cyprinus carpio carpio), a threatened species from the caspian sea basin.wild carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) forms the basis of an important fishery in the southern caspian sea basin which is increasingly underpinned by the release of cultured juveniles. a significant bottleneck to hatchery-rearing of juveniles is the spermiation of male broodstock. therefore, four approaches to improving spermiation were investigated. the effectiveness of two delivery methods for the sustained release of salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (sgnrha; i.e., via intramuscular ...201627133180
statewide surveillance of halogenated flame retardants in fish in illinois, usa.in order to better understand the exposure of aquatic systems to halogenated flame retardant contaminants, the present study investigated a variety of legacy and emerging flame retardants in common carp and largemouth bass collected from 58 stations across illinois (united states). the data revealed that polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) generally dominated the flame retardant residues in illinois fish. concentrations of σpbdes (including all detectable pbde congeners) ranged from 24.7 to 8 ...201627131823
antibacterial activity of litsea cubeba (lauraceae, may chang) and its effects on the biological response of common carp cyprinus carpio challenged with aeromonas hydrophila.the aims of this study were to characterize the antibacterial activity and the chemotype of litsea cubeba leaf essential oil (eo) harvested in north vietnam and to investigate the biological effects induced by the leaf powder on growth, nonspecific immunity and survival of common carp (cyprinus carpio) challenged with aeromonas hydrophila.201627124660
the response of thyroid hormones, biochemical and enzymological biomarkers to pyrene exposure in common carp (cyprinus carpio).polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are discharged into aquatic environments through anthropogenic activities mainly industrial and municipal effluents. there is little information on the adverse effects of pyrene, a member of the pah family which is classified as a priority pollutant by the usepa, on fish biochemical and physiological endpoints, particularly thyroid hormones. the present study investigated the effects of subacute semi-static pyrene exposure on biochemical, enzymological and ...201627123973
ex vivo tools for the clonal analysis of zebrafish hematopoiesis.this protocol describes the ex vivo characterization of zebrafish hematopoietic progenitors. we show how to isolate zebrafish hematopoietic cells for cultivation and differentiation in colony assays in semi-solid media. we also describe procedures for the generation of recombinant zebrafish cytokines and for the isolation of carp serum, which are essential components of the medium required to grow zebrafish hematopoietic cells ex vivo. the outcome of these clonal assays can easily be evaluated u ...201627123951
the association between anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies and radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis: a study exploring replication and the added value to acpa and rheumatoid factor.anti-carbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies are reported to associate with more radiographic progression within the total rheumatoid arthritis (ra) population and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (acpa)-negative subgroup. we explored the association of anti-carp with radiographic progression in ra and aimed to replicate the association and evaluate the added value of anti-carp antibodies in relation to acpa and rheumatoid factor (rf).201727117699
[immunological markers of rheumatoid arthritis].rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is the most common connective tissue disease of autoimmune origin. the disease is characterized by chronic inflammation leading to bone erosions and organ involvement. ra is a progressive disease. it affects the quality of life, leading to disability and death mainly due to premature cardiovascular disease. early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for prognosis and quality of life improvement. in 2010 the american college of rheumatology (acr) and the eur ...201627117100
characterization and immune response expression of the rig-i-like receptor mda5 in common carp cyprinus carpio.in this study, the full-length complementary (c)dna of common carp cyprinus carpio melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) was cloned. the complete open reading frame of c. carpio mda5 contained 2982 bp and encodes 993 amino acids. the deduced amino acids contained six functional domains: two caspase activation and recruitment domains (card), a conserved restriction domain of bacterial type iii restriction enzyme (resiii), a dexd/h box-containing domain (dexdc), a helicase super family ...201627108774
common carp cyprinus carpio responses to sub-chronic exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid.perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) is an important and diffuse perfluorinated alkylated substance, but knowledge of the toxicological effects of this endocrine disrupter in fish is limited. adult common carp cyprinus carpio, l. were exposed to 200 ng/l (a concentration reported in impacted aquatic ecosystems) and 2 mg/l pfoa solutions in a flow-through system for 56 days to determine tissue accumulation and histological alterations of the primary target organs. pfoa was extracted from blood, gill, li ...201627107988
dispersion of the invasive common carp cyprinus carpio in southern south america: changes and expectations, westward and southward.common carp cyprinus carpio possess multiple traits that contribute to their success as an invasive species. they have been introduced across the globe, and abundant populations can have numerous negative effects. although ecological niche-based modelling techniques have been used to predict the potential range of c. carpio invasion in u.s.a., occurrence and abundance patterns have not yet been considered on a regional scale. in the present review new locations are documented, the status of the ...201627095064
profilings of micrornas in the liver of common carp (cyprinus carpio) infected with flavobacterium columnare.micrornas (mirnas) play important roles in regulation of many biological processes in eukaryotes, including pathogen infection and host interactions. flavobacterium columnare (fc) infection can cause great economic loss of common carp (cyprinus carpio) which is one of the most important cultured fish in the world. however, mirnas in response to fc infection in common carp has not been characterized. to identify specific mirnas involved in common carp infected with fc, we performed microrna seque ...201627092486
effects of dietary supplementations with the fibrous root of rhizoma coptidis and its main alkaloids on non-specific immunity and disease resistance of common carp.the effects of fibrous root of rhizoma coptidis (frc) and its main alkaloids on non-specific immunity and disease resistance of common carp were investigated. the fish were randomly assigned to seven groups: normal control group (nc), groups treated with 12.5 g/kg frc (frc-l), 25 g/kg frc (frc-m), 50 g/kg frc (frc-h), 0.78 g/kg total alkaloids (ta), 0.78 g/kg berberine (bbr), and 0.78 g/kg coptisine (cop), respectively. results showed that the activities of myeloperoxidase, lysozyme and respirat ...201627090624
oxidative stress and immune disturbance after long-term exposure to bisphenol a in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio).bisphenol a (bpa) is a well-known endocrine disrupting chemical (edc), ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, which poses an ecotoxicological risk to the health of aquatic organisms. however, the immunotoxic effects of its long-term exposure on fish have received limited attention. we examined a number of typical immune-related parameters and oxidative stress indices in the liver and blood serum of the red common carp (cyprinus carpio), following a 30-day exposure to five different concentration ...201627088622
detecting the movement and spawning activity of bigheaded carps with environmental dna.bigheaded carps are invasive fishes threatening to invade the great lakes basin and establish spawning populations, and have been monitored using environmental dna (edna). not only does edna hold potential for detecting the presence of species, but may also allow for quantitative comparisons like relative abundance of species across time or space. we examined the relationships among bigheaded carp movement, hydrography, spawning and edna on the wabash river, in, usa. we found positive relationsh ...201627087387
autotriploid origin of carassius auratus as revealed by chromosomal locus analysis.in the dongting water system, the carassius auratus (crucian carp) complex is characterized by the coexistence of diploid forms (2n=100, 2ncc) and polyploid forms. chromosomal and karyotypic analyses have suggested that the polyploid c. auratus has a triploid (3n=150, 3ncc) and a tetraploid origin (4n=200), respectively. however, there is a lack of direct genetic evidence to support this conclusion. in this paper, analysis of the 5s rdna chromosomal locus revealed that the 3ncc is of triploid or ...201627084707
variation in susceptibility pattern of fish to argulus siamensis: do immune responses of host play a role?branchiuran ectoparasites of the genus argulus can have extensive damaging effects on cultured fish. there exist no systematic studies that evaluate susceptibility or resistance of various carp species to argulus sp. and the underlying mechanisms. the present study aimed at identifying the most susceptible and resistant cultured species, studying settlement and survival of parasite on these species, and finally unravelling the variations of immune response in both resistant and susceptible speci ...201627084477
(uncommon) mechanisms of branchial ammonia excretion in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) in response to environmentally induced metabolic acidosis.freshwater fishes generally increase ammonia excretion in acidic waters. the new model of ammonia transport in freshwater fish involves an association between the rhesus (rh) protein rhcg-b, the na(+)/h(+) exchanger (nhe), and a suite of other membrane transporters. we tested the hypothesis that rhcg-b and nhe3 together play a critical role in branchial ammonia excretion in common carp (cyprinus carpio) chronically exposed to a low-ph environment. carp were exposed to three sequential environmen ...201627082522
determination of the effects of different washing processes on aroma characteristics in silver carp mince by mmse-gc-ms, e-nose and sensory evaluation.the present study investigated the volatile compounds of silver carp mince and the effects of washing processes on the integral aroma characteristics and aroma-active compounds (aacs) of the mince. 57 volatile compounds were identified by monolithic material sorptive extraction (mmse) and gc-ms analysis, and 13 volatile compounds with odor activity values greater than 1 (oavs > 1) were further selected as aacs contributing primarily to the integral aroma profile of silver carp. washing methods a ...201627080898
multi-residue method for the determination of organofluorine pesticides in fish tissue by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry.a multiresidue method for the determination of organofluorine pesticides in fish tissue samples was developed and optimized. this method is based on a cleanup step of the extracted samples with acetonitrile, and carried out by solid phase extraction (spe) with aminopropyl (nh2) cartridge, before the identification and quantification of the residues by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). the performance characteristics, such as accuracy, precision, linear ...201627080897
a comparison of endogenous and microbial proteolytic activities during fast fermentation of silver carp inoculated with lactobacillus plantarum.the study was aimed to investigate different roles of endogenous and lactobacillus plantarum proteases during fast fermentation of silver carp. the results show that endogenous proteases could degrade both sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins. in contrast, l. plantarum had low proteinase activities and could only hydrolyze sarcoplasmic peptides. this indicates that gel properties could be mainly affected by endogenous proteolysis while microbial proteolysis contributed to the production of sma ...201627080883
establishing targeted carp tlr22 gene disruption via homologous recombination using crispr/cas9.recent advances in gene editing techniques have not been exploited in farmed fishes. we established a gene targeting technique, using the crispr/cas9 system in labeo rohita, a farmed carp (known as rohu). we demonstrated that donor dna was integrated via homologous recombination (hr) at the site of targeted double-stranded nicks created by crispr/cas9 nuclease. this resulted in the successful disruption of rohu toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) gene, involved in innate immunity and exclusively prese ...201627079451
[bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metals in three gorges reservoir and effect of biological factors].three gorges reservoir (tgr) reached the maximum water level (175 m) of impoundment in oct. 2010. in order to reveal the potential influence of the greatest water-level impoundment on the heavy metal pollution in the typical waters of tgr, the content level of trace metals ( hg, cd and pb) in biota and potential biomagnification along the aquatic food chain were investigated in the main stem of tgr from july 2011 to august 2012, as well as the relationship between the trace metal concentrations ...201627078974
dynamics and effects of ligula intestinalis (l.) infection in the native fish barbus callensis valenciennes, 1842 in algeria.the dynamics of the emergence, duration, and decline phases in epizootic cycles are well known for humans and some crops, but they are poorly understood for host-parasite systems in the wild. parasites may be particularly insidious as they are often introduced unintentionally, simultaneously with their hosts, and later transferred to species in the new location. here we investigate the epizootic dynamics of the tapeworm ligula intestinalis in the hamiz reservoir, algeria, and explore its effects ...201627078654
development of vaccines against nocardiosis in fishes.nocardiosis, one of the most systemic and devastating diseases, is currently emerging as an important disease of cultured marine and freshwater fishes. the causative agent of this disease is nocardia seriolae, a gram-positive acid-fast bacterium. an effective vaccine/vaccination strategy against this pathogen is necessary to control the significant loss in aquaculture practices. in this chapter, we present the vaccination/immunization protocol in fish against both live (sublethal) and inactivate ...201627076299
segregated water observed in a putative fish embryo cryopreservative.development of new cryopreservation strategies has major potential in medicine and agriculture and is critical to the conservation of endangered species that currently cannot be preserved. a critical property of any potential cryopreservative solution is its ability to prevent cell-damaging ice formation during cooling and subsequent heating. this study focuses on the freezing behaviour of promising model cryoprotective solutions. we perform neutron scattering analysis, combined with computer mo ...201627069654
kinematics modeling and simulation of a bionic fish tail system based on linear hypocycloid.kinematics and simulation study on a two-joint linear hypocycloid tail driving system composed of a special planetary gear system and a linkage mechanism are conducted in this paper. first, the composition and working principle of the linear hypocycloid tail transmission system are introduced and analyzed. second, the kinematics study on the transmission mechanism is conducted with graphical method of vector equation. the relationships between the caudal peduncle stroke, the tail fin swing angle ...201527065747
a role for multiple estrogen receptors in immune regulation of common carp.estrogens are important for bi-directional neuroendocrine-immune interaction. they act via nuclear estrogen receptors (erα and erβ) and/or g-protein coupled receptor - gpr30. we found expression of erα, erβ and gpr30 in carp lymphoid tissues and head kidney monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes. interestingly, erβ is also expressed in some head kidney lymphocytes but not in naive pbls. immune stimulation altered the cell type specific profile of expression of these receptors, which ...201727062969
mutations in the c-terminal region affect subcellular localization of crucian carp herpesvirus (cahv) gpcr.g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) are known as seven transmembrane domain receptors and consequently can mediate diverse biological functions via regulation of their subcellular localization. crucian carp herpesvirus (cahv) was recently isolated from infected fish with acute gill hemorrhage. cahv gpcr of 349 amino acids (aa) was identified based on amino acid identity. a series of variants with truncation/deletion/substitution mutation in the c-terminal (aa 315-349) were constructed and expres ...201627059239
genome-wide identification, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio).the atp-binding cassette (abc) gene family is considered to be one of the largest gene families in all forms of prokaryotic and eukaryotic life. although the abc transporter genes have been annotated in some species, detailed information about the abc superfamily and the evolutionary characterization of abc genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio) are still unclear. in this research, we identified 61 abc transporter genes in the common carp genome. phylogenetic analysis revealed that they could be ...201627058731
large-scale tissue-specific and temporal gene expression profiles in pengze crucian carp.in the present study, the tissue-specific and temporal gene expression profiles of four catalogues of gonadal development-related genes (sex differentiation-related, steroid receptor, steroidogenic, and structural genes) were detected in nine tissues and during 11 successive developmental stages in the pengze crucian carp (pcc) (a triploid mono-female gynogenic fish). the results showed that these target genes exhibited overlapping distributions in various tissues, with the exception of pcc-vasa ...201627051032
effect of diphenyl diselenide diet supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers in two species of freshwater fish exposed to the insecticide fipronil.the ability of diphenyl diselenide [(phse)2] to attenuate oxidative damage was evaluated in the liver, gills, brain, and muscle of carp (cyprinus carpio) and silver catfish (rhamdia quelen) experimentally exposed to fipronil (fpn). initially, the fish were fed a diet without (phse)2 or a diet containing 3.0 mg/kg of (phse)2 for 60 days. after the 60-day period, the fish were exposed to 0.65 µg/l of fpn for 192 h. the results showed that carp exposed to fpn and not fed with (phse)2 exhibited acet ...201627048596
experimental infection of aphanomyces invadans and susceptibility in seven species of tropical fish.epizootic ulcerative syndrome (eus) causes by aquatic oomycete fungus, aphanomyces invadans is a dangerous fish disease of a wide range of fresh and brackish water, wild and farmed fish throughout the world. the objective of the present study was to determine the susceptibility of a number of tropical fish species to the eus and compare the severity of infection between experimental groups.201527047195
genome wide identification of scavenger receptors class a in common carp (cyprinus carpio) and their expression following aeromonas hydrophila infection.scavenger receptors class a (scaras) is a subgroup of diverse families of pattern recognition receptors that bind a range of ligands, and play important roles in innate immune processes through pathogens detection, adhesion, endocytosis, and phagocytosis. however, most studies of scaras have focused on mammals, and much less is known of scaras in fish species. in this study, we identified 7 scaras across the common carp genome, which were classified into four subclasses according to comparative ...201627041666
doctor, can i desensitize my food-allergic child using directly the allergenic molecules?food allergy has risen in prevalence worldwide and is one of the main causes of anaphylaxis, especially in children. the only possible therapeutic approach is specific immunotherapy. this review describes the recent approaches using allergenic molecules for specific immunotherapy.201627031674
quality control outcomes analysis of small-incision lenticule extraction for myopia by a novice surgeon at the first refractive surgery unit in nepal during the first 2 years of operation.to evaluate the outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction for myopia using the visumax femtosecond laser at the first refractive surgery unit in nepal during the first 30 months of operation.201627026452
identification of deleterious mutations in myostatin gene of rohu carp (labeo rohita) using modeling and molecular dynamic simulation approaches.the myostatin (mstn) is a known negative growth regulator of skeletal muscle. the mutated myostatin showed a double-muscular phenotype having a positive significance for the farmed animals. consequently, adequate information is not available in the teleosts, including farmed rohu carp, labeo rohita. in the absence of experimental evidence, computational algorithms were utilized in predicting the impact of point mutation of rohu myostatin, especially its structural and functional relationships. t ...201627019850
deltamethrin is toxic to the fish (crucian carp, carassius carassius) heart.pyrethroids are extensively used for the control of insect pests and disease vectors. pyrethroids are regarded safe due to their selective toxicity: they are effective against insects but relatively harmless to mammals and birds. unfortunately, pyrethroids are very toxic to fishes. the high toxicity of pyrethroids to fishes is only partly explained by slow metabolic elimination of pyrethroids, suggesting that some molecular targets in vital organs of the fish body are sensitive to pyrethroids. t ...201627017879
molecular characterization and expressing analysis of the c-type and g-type lysozymes in qihe crucian carp carassius auratus.lysozyme as an important nonspecific immune factor, can kill bacteria by hydrolyzing β-1,4-glycosidic linkages of peptidoglycan layer, and plays an important role in innate immune response against pathogen infection. in the present study, we report molecular cloning, tissue distribution and functional characterization of the c-type and g-type lysozymes in qihe crucian carp carassius auratus (designated as ca-clys and ca-glys, respectively). the full-length of ca-clys and ca-glys cdna were cloned ...201627012394
bioaccumulation of metals in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) from water bodies of anatolia (turkey): a review with implications for fisheries and human food consumption.although fish is widely consumed by humans for its nutritional properties, accumulation of heavy metals can pose serious health hazards. widespread common carp cyprinus carpio is cultured worldwide and represents an economically important species for fisheries in several countries. these include turkey, where c. carpio often makes for a large part of the sales of the locally marketed fish and also for a traditional dish. this study provides a review of bioaccumulation of metals in tissues of c. ...201627007291
the effect of encapsulated fennel extracts on the quality of silver carp fillets during refrigerated storage.the effect of fennel extract on the quality of silver carp (hypophthalmicthys molitrix) fillets, and the possible efficacy of liposomal encapsulation in the improvement of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity during chilled storage (4 + 1°c) of the fillets were examined over a period of 15 days. silver carp fillets were treated with pure fennel extract (0.3% and 0.5% w/v) and liposomal encapsulated fennel extract (0.3% and 0.5% w/v), and their quality changes in terms of total volatile bas ...201627004119
identification and expression analysis of the sting gene, a sensor of viral dna, in common carp cyprinus carpio.stimulator of interferon gene (sting) was identified and characterized from common carp cyprinus carpio. the sting messenger (m)rna encoded a polypeptide of 402 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 46·184 kda and an isoelectronic point of 6·08. the deduced protein of sting contained a signal peptide, three transmembrane motifs in the n-terminal region and four putative motifs (rxr) found in resident endoplasmic reticulum proteins. mrna expression of sting was present in twelve investi ...201627001661
substrate specificity of proteolytic activity in the testes fluid and seminal plasma of the common carp cyprinus carpio.substrate specificity in the seminal plasma and testes fluids of the common carp cyprinus carpio was determined using gelatin, casein, albumin and haemoglobin. proteolytic profiles of the testes and seminal plasma were compared. different ranges of ph (5·5-9·5) and temperature (4-37° c) were used during incubations of seminal plasma proteinases. differences in proteolytic activity between testes and seminal plasma may reflect specific functions of the testes and sperm ducts in semen production. ...201627001550
estimating the dna strand breakage using a fuzzy inference system and agarose gel electrophoresis, a case study with toothed carp aphanius sophiae exposed to cypermethrin.the dna breakage has been widely used in ecotoxicological studies to investigate effects of pesticides in fishes. the present study used a fuzzy inference system to quantify the breakage of dna double strand in aphanius sophiae exposed to the cypermethrin. the specimens were adapted to different temperatures and salinity for 14 days and then exposed to cypermethrin. dna of each specimens were extracted, electrophoresed and photographed. a fuzzy system with three input variables and 27 rules were ...201627000282
[evaluation of ivermectin's reproductive toxicity to male carassius auratus].as a new type of antiparasitic drugs, ivermectin (ivm) has been widely applied in agriculture, stock raising and aquaculture in china because of its broad spectrum and high efficiency. in order to evaluate the ivm' s reproductive toxicity to male crucian carp (carassius auratus), ivm was orally given to the experimental fish with different dosages and the gonadosomatic index (gsi), sexual hormone contents (including testosterone and estradiol) in serum and testis, γ-aminobutyric acid content in ...201526995928
spring viremia of carp virus n protein suppresses fish ifnφ1 production by targeting the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein.for a virus to replicate efficiently, it must try and inhibit host ifn expression because ifn is an important host defense at early stages after viral infection. for aquatic viruses, the mechanisms used to escape the hosts ifn system are still unclear. in this study, we show that the n protein of spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) inhibits zebrafish ifnφ1 production by degrading the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs). first, the upregulation of ifnφ1 promoter activity stimulated b ...201626994222
expression profile of carp ifn correlate with the up-regulation of interferon regulatory factor-1 (irf-1) in vivo and in vitro: the pivotal molecules in antiviral defense.interferon regulatory factors (irfs) are a family of transcription factors that mediate the transcriptional regulation of interferon (ifn) genes and ifn-inducible genes. in this study, irf-1 gene is cloned from the common carp, cyprinus carpio l., named ccirf-1. the full-length cdna of ccirf-1 is 1427 bp, including an open reading frame of 861 bp encoding a protein of 286 amino acids. the putative ccirf-1 is characterized by a conserved dna-binding domain and includes a signature of six conserve ...201626993613
identification, cdna cloning, and characterization of luteinizing hormone beta subunit (lhb) gene in catla catla.reproductive hormones play a significant role in the gonadal development and gametogenesis process of animals. in the present study luteinizing hormone beta, (lhb) subunit gene was cloned and characterized from the brain of catla catla. the lhb full-length of cdna sequence is 629 bp which consists of 43bp 5'-utr (untranslated region) 447bp, orf(open reading frame) and 139 bp of 3'-utr respectively. the coding region of lhb gene encoded a peptide of 148 amino acids. the coding sequence of lhb gen ...201626980432
targeted disruption of sp7 and myostatin with crispr-cas9 results in severe bone defects and more muscular cells in common carp.the common carp (cyprinus carpio) as one of the most important aquaculture fishes produces over 3 million metric tones annually, approximately 10% the annual production of the all farmed freshwater fish worldwide. however, the tetraploidy genome and long generation-time of the common carp have made its breeding and genetic studies extremely difficult. here, talen and crispr-cas9, two versatile genome-editing tools, are employed to target common carp bone-related genes sp7, runx2, bmp2a, spp1, op ...201626976234
stimulation of spermiation by human chorionic gonadotropin and carp pituitary extract in grass puffer, takifugu niphobles.spermiation was stimulated in the mature grass puffer, takifugu niphobles, with an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) or carp pituitary extract (cpe). spermatocrit and sperm density were reduced, but milt production was increased in both the hcg and cpe treatment groups relative to those in the control group (p <0.05). these results should be useful for increasing the fertilization efficiency in grass puffer breeding programs.201526973977
comparing radseq and microsatellites to infer complex phylogeographic patterns, an empirical perspective in the crucian carp, carassius carassius, l.the conservation of threatened species must be underpinned by phylogeographic knowledge. this need is epitomized by the freshwater fish carassius carassius, which is in decline across much of its european range. restriction site-associated dna sequencing (radseq) is increasingly used for such applications; however, radseq is expensive, and limitations on sample number must be weighed against the benefit of large numbers of markers. this trade-off has previously been examined using simulation stu ...201626971882
metal pollution in biotic and abiotic samples of the büyük menderes river, turkey.the büyük menderes river (bmr) is one of the largest rivers in turkey. this river irrigates efficient farmlands and includes tributaries of other rivers and streams and many populated towns within its limits in the ege region. both the estuary and işıklı lake serve as a sanctuary for various waterbirds. therefore, the bmr plays a critical role both for the inhabitants and for the ecosystem organisms in its environs. in the present study, we analyzed levels of metals including iron, barium, zinc, ...201726971518
autoantibodies in inflammatory arthritis.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease characterized by extensive synovitis resulting in erosions of articular cartilage and marginal bone with joint destruction. the lack of immunological tolerance in ra represents the first step toward the development of autoimmunity. susceptible individuals, under the influence of environmental factors, such as tobacco smoke, and silica exposure, develop autoimmune phenomena that result in the presence of autoantibodies. hla and ...201626970491
in silico assessment of primers for edna studies using primertree and application to characterize the biodiversity surrounding the cuyahoga river.analysis of environmental dna (edna) enables the detection of species of interest from water and soil samples, typically using species-specific pcr. here, we describe a method to characterize the biodiversity of a given environment by amplifying edna using primer pairs targeting a wide range of taxa and high-throughput sequencing for species identification. we tested this approach on 91 water samples of 40 ml collected along the cuyahoga river (ohio, usa). we amplified edna using 12 primer pairs ...201626965911
data in the activities of caspases and the levels of reactive oxygen species and cytochrome c in the •oh-induced fish erythrocytes treated with alanine, citrulline, proline and their combination.the present study explored the effects of alanine (ala), citrulline (cit), proline (pro) and their combination (ala10pro4cit1) on the activities of caspases and levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) and cytochrome c in hydroxyl radicals (•oh)-induced carp erythrocytes. the data displayed that •oh induced the increases in the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ros and cytochrome c in carp erythrocytes. however, ala, cit, pro and ala10pro4cit1 effectively suppress ...201626952131
tissue specific metal characterization of selected fish species in pakistan.concentration of various metals, i.e., zinc (zn), copper (cu), lead (pb), nickel (ni), iron (fe), manganese (mn), chromium (cr), and silver (ag), was evaluated in five indigenous fish species (namely, silver carp, common carp, mahseer, thela fish, and rainbow trout), by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. it is proved from this study that, overall, mahseer and rainbow trout had high amount of zinc, whereas thela fish and silver carp had high concentration of copper, chromium, silver, nick ...201626951449
role of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies compared to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in indigenous north americans with rheumatoid arthritis, their first-degree relatives, and healthy controls.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, including seropositivity for rheumatoid factor (rf) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpas). in addition, antibodies to carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) are present in patients with ra and are associated with joint damage. this study was undertaken to assess the presence of anti-carp antibodies in indigenous north americans (first nations [fn] populations) with ra compared to their at-risk first-degree relat ...201626946484
effects of ala-gln feeding strategies on growth, metabolism, and crowding stress resistance of juvenile cyprinus carpio var. jian.the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different l-alanyl-l-glutamine (ala-gln) feeding strategies on the growth performance, metabolism and crowding stress resistance related parameters in juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) under crowded condition (80 g/l). juvenile jian carp (initial weight 26.1 ± 0.6 g) were distributed into five groups which fed with graded concentrations (0% or 1.0%) of ala-gln for eight weeks. control group (i, 0/0) fed with control diet (0% ...201626945938
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