Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted descending)
Filter
the role for tola in enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli pathogenesis and virulence gene transcription.loss of the periplasm spanning protein tola in escherichia coli leads to activation of the rcs phosphorelay, and is required for full virulence in gram-negative pathogens such as salmonella enterica and dickeya dadantii. this study explores the role for tola in the pathogenesis of enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and the effect of its mutation on the transcription of key ehec virulence genes controlled by rcs phosphorelay, including the type iii secretion system (t3ss) (espa and tir), the e. col ...201425448467
in vivo activity of daptomycin/colistin combination therapy in a galleria mellonella model of acinetobacter baumannii infection.antimicrobial treatment of multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii (mdr-ab) infections continues to pose significant challenges. with limited options, clinicians have been pushed towards using unorthodox combinations of licensed antibiotics. although daptomycin/colistin combination appears to be a promising treatment option based on in vitro data, further preclinical work is needed. in this study, the a. baumannii-galleria mellonella system was employed to study the in vivo efficacy of this ...201525440154
galleria mellonella is an effective model to study actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection.actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease that causes significant global economic loss. its virulence depends on many factors, such as capsular polysaccharides, rtx toxins and iron-acquisition systems. analysis of virulence may require easy-to-use models that approximate mammalian infection and avoid ethical issues. here, we investigate the potential use of the wax moth galleria mellonella as an informative model for a. pleuropneumoniae infec ...201525414045
the polyamine n-acetyltransferase-like enzyme pmve plays a role in the virulence of enterococcus faecalis.we previously showed that the mutant strain of enterococcus faecalis lacking the transcriptional regulator slya is more virulent than the parental strain. we hypothesized that this phenotype was due to overexpression of the second gene of the slya operon, ef_3001, renamed pmve (for polyamine metabolism and virulence of e. faecalis). pmve shares strong homologies with n(1)-spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase enzymes involved in the metabolism of polyamines. in this study, we used an e. faecalis ...201525385793
development of quantitative proteomics using itraq based on the immunological response of galleria mellonella larvae challenged with fusarium oxysporum microconidia.galleria mellonella has emerged as a potential invertebrate model for scrutinizing innate immunity. larvae are easy to handle in host-pathogen assays. we undertook proteomics research in order to understand immune response in a heterologous host when challenged with microconidia of fusarium oxysporum. the aim of this study was to investigate hemolymph proteins that were differentially expressed between control and immunized larvae sets, tested with f. oxysporum at two temperatures. the itraq app ...201425379782
gene flow in environmental legionella pneumophila leads to genetic and pathogenic heterogeneity within a legionnaires' disease outbreak.legionnaires' disease is a severe form of pneumonia caused by the environmental bacterium legionella pneumophila. outbreaks commonly affect people with known risk factors, but the genetic and pathogenic complexity of l. pneumophila within an outbreak is not well understood. here, we investigate the etiology of the major legionnaires' disease outbreak that occurred in edinburgh, uk, in 2012, by examining the evolutionary history, genome content, and virulence of l. pneumophila clinical isolates.201425370747
xenorhabdus bovienii cs03, the bacterial symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema weiseri, is a non-virulent strain against lepidopteran insects.xenorhabdus bacteria (γ-proteobacteria: enterobacteriaceae) have dual lifestyles. they have a mutualistic relationship with steinernema nematodes (nematoda: steinernematidae) and are pathogenic to a wide range of insects. each steinernema nematode associates with a specific xenorhabdus species. however, a xenorhabdus species can have multiple nematode hosts. for example, xenorhabdus bovienii (xb) colonizes at least nine steinernema species from two different phylogenetic clades. the steinernema- ...201525315609
a histological procedure to study fungal infection in the wax moth galleria mellonella.the invertebrate model galleria mellonella is a widely used factitious host to study the microbial pathogenesis in vivo. however, a specific procedure for the recovery and the processing of the infected tissues, important for a better understanding of the host-pathogen interactions, has not been reported to our knowledge. in the present study we describe a new procedure of fixation and processing of larval tissue that allows studying the larval topographic anatomy and assessing the morphological ...201425308852
changes in the hemolymph protein profiles in galleria mellonella infected with bacillus thuringiensis involve apolipophorin iii. the effect of heat shock.this report concerns the effect of heat shock on host-pathogen interaction in galleria mellonella infected with bacillus thuringiensis. we show enhanced activity against gram-positive bacteria in the hemolymph of larvae pre-exposed to heat shock before infection with b. thuringiensis. heat shock influenced the protein pattern in the hemolymph of infected larvae: more peptides with a molecular weight below 10 kda were detected in comparison with nonshocked animals. additionally, we noticed that t ...201525308190
compositional and immunobiological analyses of extracellular vesicles released by candida albicans.the release of extracellular vesicles (ev) by fungal organisms is considered an alternative transport mechanism to trans-cell wall passage of macromolecules. previous studies have revealed the presence of ev in culture supernatants from fungal pathogens, such as cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, sporothrix schenckii, malassezia sympodialis and candida albicans. here we investigated the size, composition, kinetics of internalization by bone marrow-der ...201525287304
distinct contributions of one fe- and two cu/zn-cofactored superoxide dismutases to antioxidation, uv tolerance and virulence of beauveria bassiana.beauveria bassiana, a filamentous entomopathogen, has five distinct superoxide dismutases (sods), including cytosolic and mitochondrial mnsods (sod2/3) which have proved contributing primarily to intracelluar sod activity and additively to antioxidation and virulence. here we characterized cytosolic cu/znsod (sod1), mitochondrial fesod (sod4) and cell wall-anchored cu/znsod (sod5). the latter two are unexplored despite existence in many filamentous fungi, and their subcellular localization was w ...201525263710
five vacuolar ca(2+) exchangers play different roles in calcineurin-dependent ca(2+)/mn(2+) tolerance, multistress responses and virulence of a filamentous entomopathogen.multiple vcx1 (vacuolar calcium exchanger) paralogues exist in many filamentous fungi but are functionally unexplored unlike a single vcx1 ortholog well characterized in yeasts. here we show that five vcx1 paralogues (vcx1a-e) in beauveria bassiana are conditionally functional for intracellular ca(2+) homeostasis and contribute differentially to multistress tolerance and virulence in the filamentous entomopathogen. each vcx1 deletion drastically upregulated transcriptional expressions of four ot ...201425256588
sequence-specific antimicrobials using efficiently delivered rna-guided nucleases.current antibiotics tend to be broad spectrum, leading to indiscriminate killing of commensal bacteria and accelerated evolution of drug resistance. here, we use crispr-cas technology to create antimicrobials whose spectrum of activity is chosen by design. rna-guided nucleases (rgns) targeting specific dna sequences are delivered efficiently to microbial populations using bacteriophage or bacteria carrying plasmids transmissible by conjugation. the dna targets of rgns can be undesirable genes or ...201425240928
atomic resolution structure of a protein prepared by non-enzymatic his-tag removal. crystallographic and nmr study of gmspi-2 inhibitor.purification of suitable quantity of homogenous protein is very often the bottleneck in protein structural studies. overexpression of a desired gene and attachment of enzymatically cleavable affinity tags to the protein of interest made a breakthrough in this field. here we describe the structure of galleria mellonella silk proteinase inhibitor 2 (gmspi-2) determined both by x-ray diffraction and nmr spectroscopy methods. gmspi-2 was purified using a new method consisting in non-enzymatic his-ta ...201425233114
identification of aph1, a phosphate-regulated, secreted, and vacuolar acid phosphatase in cryptococcus neoformans.cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from patients with aids secrete acid phosphatase, but the identity and role of the enzyme(s) responsible have not been elucidated. by combining a one-dimensional electrophoresis step with mass spectrometry, a canonically secreted acid phosphatase, cnag_02944 (aph1), was identified in the secretome of the highly virulent serotype a strain h99. we created an aph1 deletion mutant (δaph1) and showed that δaph1-infected galleria mellonella and mice survived lo ...201425227465
a putative methyltransferase, mtra, contributes to development, spore viability, protein secretion and virulence in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.the filamentous fungus, beauveria bassiana, is a ubiquitously distributed insect pathogen, currently used as an alternative to chemical pesticides for pest control. conidiospores are the means by which the fungus disseminates in the environment, and these cells also represent the infectious agent most commonly used in field applications. little, however, is known concerning the molecular basis for maintenance of spore viability, a critical feature for survival and persistence. here, we report on ...201425194143
galleria mellonella as an infection model for select agents.the use of animal models is a key step to better understand bacterial virulence factors and their roles in host/pathogen interactions. to avoid the ethical and cost problems of mammalian models in bacterial virulence research, several insect models have been developed. one of these models, the larvae of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella, has been shown to be relevant for several fungal and bacterial mammalian pathogens. here, we describe the use g. mellonella to study virulence of the hig ...201425172272
use of larvae of the wax moth galleria mellonella as an in vivo model to study the virulence of helicobacter pylori.helicobacter pylori is the first bacterium formally recognized as a carcinogen and is one of the most successful human pathogens, as over half of the world's population is colonized by the bacterium. h. pylori-induced gastroduodenal disease depends on the inflammatory response of the host and on the production of specific bacterial virulence factors. the study of helicobacter pylori pathogenic action would greatly benefit by easy-to-use models of infection.201425170542
interclonal gradient of virulence in the pseudomonas aeruginosa pangenome from disease and environment.the population genomics of pseudomonas aeruginosa was analysed by genome sequencing of representative strains of the 15 most frequent clonal complexes in the p. aeruginosa population and of the five most common clones from the environment of which so far no isolate from a human infection has been detected. gene annotation identified 5892-7187 open reading frame (orfs; median 6381 orfs) in the 20 6.4-7.4 mbp large genomes. the p. aeruginosa pangenome consists of a conserved core of at least 4000 ...201525156090
development and immunity-related micrornas of the lepidopteran model host galleria mellonella.micrornas (mirnas) are small non-coding rnas that act as key players in the post-transcriptional regulation of protein synthesis. although little is known about their role in complex physiological processes such as development and immunity, our knowledge is expanding rapidly, thanks to the use of model systems. the larvae of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella are now established as model hosts for pathogens that infect insects or humans. to build on our previously-reported comprehensive g. ...201425149864
galleria mellonella model identifies highly virulent strains among all major molecular types of cryptococcus gattii.cryptococcosis is mainly caused by cryptococcus neoformans. however, the number of cases due to c. gattii is increasing, affecting mainly immunocompetent hosts. c. gattii is divided into four major molecular types, vgi to vgiv, which differ in their host range, epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility and geographic distribution. besides studies on the vancouver island outbreak strains, which showed that the subtype vgiia is highly virulent compared to the subtype vgiib, little is known about the ...201425133687
production of destruxins from metarhizium spp. fungi in artificial medium and in endophytically colonized cowpea plants.destruxins (dtxs) are cyclic depsipeptides produced by many metarhizium isolates that have long been assumed to contribute to virulence of these entomopathogenic fungi. we evaluated the virulence of 20 metarhizium isolates against insect larvae and measured the concentration of dtxs a, b, and e produced by these same isolates in submerged (shaken) cultures. eight of the isolates (arsef 324, 724, 760, 1448, 1882, 1883, 3479, and 3918) did not produce dtxs a, b, or e during the five days of submer ...201425127450
a multi-host approach for the systematic analysis of virulence factors in cryptococcus neoformans.a multi-host approach was followed to screen a library of 1201 signature-tagged deletion strains of cryptococcus neoformans mutants to identify previously unknown virulence factors. the primary screen was performed using a caenorhabditis elegans-c. neoformans infection assay. the hits among these strains were reconfirmed as less virulent than the wild type in the insect galleria mellonella-c. neoformans infection assay. after this 2-stage screen, and to prioritize hits, we performed serial evalu ...201425114160
role of gliotoxin in the symbiotic and pathogenic interactions of trichoderma virens.using a gene disruption strategy, we generated mutants in the glip locus of the plant-beneficial fungus trichoderma virens that were no longer capable of producing gliotoxin. phenotypic assays demonstrated that the glip-disrupted mutants grew faster, were more sensitive to oxidative stress and exhibited a sparse colony edge compared with the wt strain. in a plate confrontation assay, the mutants deficient in gliotoxin production were ineffective as mycoparasites against the oomycete, pythium ult ...201425082950
occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in tejocote (crataegus mexicana) orchard soils and their pathogenicity against rhagoletis pomonella.to determine the abundance and diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in tejocote orchard soils and evaluate their ability to infect rhagoletis pomonella walsh., the main pest of tejocote.201425081747
galleria mellonella infection model demonstrates high lethality of st69 and st127 uropathogenic e. coli.galleria mellonella larvae are an alternative in vivo model for investigating bacterial pathogenicity. here, we examined the pathogenicity of 71 isolates from five leading uropathogenic e. coli (upec) lineages using g. mellonella larvae. larvae were challenged with a range of inoculum doses to determine the 50% lethal dose (ld50) and for analysis of survival outcome using kaplan-meier plots. virulence was correlated with carriage of a panel of 29 virulence factors (vf). larvae inoculated with st ...201425061819
lysozyme and defense peptides as suppressors of phenoloxidase activity in galleria mellonella.the prophenoloxidase (propo) cascade supplies quinones and other reactive compounds for melanin formation, protein cross-linking, hemolymph coagulation, and killing of microbial invaders as well as parasites. the high cytotoxicity of the generated compounds requires a strict control of the activation of the propo system and phenoloxidase (po) activity to minimize damage to host tissues and cells. the po activity in hemolymph of escherichia coli challenged galleria mellonella larvae increased, wi ...201425044335
potato leaf extract and its component, α-solanine, exert similar impacts on development and oxidative stress in galleria mellonella l.plants synthesize a broad range of secondary metabolites that act as natural defenses against plant pathogens and herbivores. among these, potato plants produce glycoalkaloids (gas). in this study, we analyzed the effects of the dried extract of fresh potato leaves (epl) on the biological parameters of the lepidopteran, galleria mellonella (l.) and compared its activity to one of the main epl components, the ga α-solanine. wax moth larvae were reared from first instar on a diet supplemented with ...201425041927
assessment of in vivo antimicrobial activity of the carbene silver(i) acetate derivative sbc3 using galleria mellonella larvae.the antimicrobial drug candidate 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenyl-imidazol-2-ylidene silver(i) acetate (sbc3) was evaluated for its ability to function in vivo using larvae of galleria mellonella. a sbc3 concentration of 25 μg/ml inhibited the growth of staphylococcus aureus by 71.2% and candida albicans by 86.2% in vitro. larvae inoculated with 20 μl of sbc3 solution showed no ill effects up to a concentration of 250 μg/ml but administration of 500 μg/ml resulted in a 40% reduction in larval survival ...201425037059
galleria mellonella native and analogue peptides gm1 and δgm1. i) biophysical characterization of the interaction mechanisms with bacterial model membranes.natural occurring antimicrobial peptides (amps) are important components of the innate immune system of animals and plants. they are considered to be promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. here we present a comparative study of two synthetic peptides: gm1, corresponding to the natural overall uncharged peptide from galleria mellonella (gm) and δgm1, a modified overall positively charged gm1 variant. we have studied the interaction of the peptides with lipid membranes composed of dif ...201425017800
galleria mellonella native and analogue peptides gm1 and δgm1. ii) anti-bacterial and anti-endotoxic effects.antimicrobial peptides (amps) are important components of the innate immune system of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria and are recently under discussion as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. we have investigated two cecropin-like synthetic peptides, gm1, which corresponds to the natural overall uncharged galleria mellonella native peptide and δgm1, a modified overall positively charged gm1 variant. we have analysed these peptides for their potential to inhibit the endotoxin-i ...201425016054
galleria mellonella apolipophorin iii - an apolipoprotein with anti-legionella pneumophila activity.the greater wax moth galleria mellonella has been exploited worldwide as an alternative model host for studying pathogenicity and virulence factors of different pathogens, including legionella pneumophila, a causative agent of a severe form of pneumonia called legionnaires' disease. an important role in the insect immune response against invading pathogens is played by apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii), a lipid- and pathogen associated molecular pattern-binding protein able to inhibit growth of some ...201425016052
identification and characterization of the insecticidal toxin "makes caterpillars floppy" in photorhabdus temperata m1021 using a cosmid library.photorhabdus temperata is an entomopathogenic enterobacterium; it is a nematode symbiont that possesses pathogenicity islands involved in insect virulence. herein, we constructed a p. temperata m1021 cosmid library in escherichia coli xl1-blue mrf` and obtained 7.14 × 105 clones. however, only 1020 physiologically active clones were screened for insect virulence factors by injection of each e. coli cosmid clone into galleria mellonella and tenebrio molitor larvae. a single cosmid clone, ptc1015, ...201425014195
investigating the insecticidal potential of geomyces (myxotrichaceae: helotiales) and mortierella (mortierellacea: mortierellales) isolated from antarctica.fungi isolated from environmentally challenging habitats can have adaptations of potential value when developed as insect pest-controls. fungal isolates collected from antarctica, geomyces sp. i, geomyces sp. ii, mortierella signyensis and m. alpina, were investigated for (i) growth characteristics at 0-35°c, (ii) spore production at 10 and 20°c, (iii) viability following exposure to freezing temperatures, and (iv) insecticidal activity against waxmoths (galleria mellonella l.), houseflies (musc ...201425013747
impact of acinetobacter baumannii superoxide dismutase on motility, virulence, oxidative stress resistance and susceptibility to antibiotics.acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacterium appearing as an opportunistic pathogen in hospital settings. superoxide dismutase (sod) contributes to virulence in several pathogenic bacteria by detoxifying reactive oxygen species released in the course of host defense reactions. however, the biological role of sods in a. baumannii has not yet been elucidated. here, we inactivated in a. baumannii atcc 17978 gene a1s_2343, encoding a putative sod of the fe-mn type by transposon insertion, re ...201425000585
biofilms formed by candida albicans bloodstream isolates display phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity that are associated with resistance and pathogenicity.candida albicans infections have become increasingly recognised as being biofilm related. recent studies have shown that there is a relationship between biofilm formation and poor clinical outcomes in patients infected with biofilm proficient strains. here we have investigated a panel of clinical isolates in an attempt to evaluate their phenotypic and transcriptional properties in an attempt to differentiate and define levels of biofilm formation.201424996549
comprehensive approach for the detection of antifungal compounds using a susceptible strain of candida albicans and confirmation of in vivo activity with the galleria mellonella model.an efficient screening strategy for the identification of potentially interesting low-abundance antifungal natural products in crude extracts that combines both a sensitive bioautography assay and high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) microfractionation was developed. this method relies on high performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc) bioautography with a hypersusceptible engineered strain of candida albicans (dsy2621) for bioactivity detection, followed by the evaluation of wild ty ...201424984572
bbmsn2 acts as a ph-dependent negative regulator of secondary metabolite production in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.fungal secondary metabolites are chemical compounds important for development, environmental adaptation and for potential biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. oosporein, a red-pigmented benzoquinone, produced by many fungal insect pathogenic beauveria spp., shows remarkable functional diversity, displaying antimicrobial, antiviral and even anti-proliferative activities. a homologue of the msn2/seb1 transcription factor was identified in a beauveria bassiana random t-dna insertion li ...201524965521
the host model galleria mellonella is resistant to taylorellae infection.the genus taylorella is composed of two species: (i) taylorella equigenitalis, the causative agent of cem, a venereally transmitted infection of equidae and (ii) taylorella asinigenitalis, a closely related species considered to be nonpathogenic, although experimental infection of mares with this bacterium resulted in clinical signs of vaginitis, cervicitis or endometritis. currently, there is a need for an alternative host model to further study the taylorellae species. in this context, we expl ...201424945970
genomic comparative analysis of the environmental enterococcus mundtii against enterococcal representative species.enterococcus mundtii is a yellow-pigmented microorganism rarely found in human infections. the draft genome sequence of e. mundtii was recently announced. its genome encodes at least 2,589 genes and 57 rnas, and 4 putative genomic islands have been detected. the objective of this study was to compare the genetic content of e. mundtii with respect to other enterococcal species and, more specifically, to identify genes coding for putative virulence traits present in enterococcal opportunistic path ...201424942651
capsule growth in cryptococcus neoformans is coordinated with cell cycle progression.the fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans has several virulence factors, among which the most important is a polysaccharide capsule. the size of the capsule is variable and can increase significantly during infection. in this work, we investigated the relationship between capsular enlargement and the cell cycle. capsule growth occurred primarily during the g1 phase. real-time visualization of capsule growth demonstrated that this process occurred before the appearance of the bud and that capsu ...201424939886
a galleria mellonella infection model reveals double and triple antibiotic combination therapies with enhanced efficacy versus a multidrug-resistant strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa.the aim of this study was to compare the inhibitory effect of antibiotic combinations in vitro with efficacy in galleria mellonella larvae in vivo to identify efficacious combinations that target pseudomonas aeruginosa. p. aeruginosa nctc 13437, a multidrug-resistant strain resistant to β-lactams and aminoglycosides, was used. susceptibility to cefotaxime, piperacillin, meropenem, amikacin, levofloxacin and colistin alone, or in dual or triple combinations, was measured in vitro via a 24 h time- ...201424928215
heat-induced post-stress growth delay: a biological trait of many metarhizium isolates reducing biocontrol efficacy?the habitats of many pest insects have fluctuating climatic conditions. to function effectively, the pathogens of these pests must be capable of infecting and developing disease at a wide range of temperatures. the current study examines ten metarhizium spp. isolates as to their ability to recover normal metabolic activity after exposure to high temperature for several hours daily; and whether such recovery, with at least some isolates, requires a temporary repair ("retooling") period. fungal co ...201424909120
the lack of upstream elements of the cek1 and hog1 mediated pathways leads to a synthetic lethal phenotype upon osmotic stress in candida albicans.different signal transduction pathways mediated by map kinases have been described in candida albicans. these pathways sense different stimuli and, therefore, elaborate specific responses. hog1 was identified as the mapk that is primarily involved in stress response and virulence, while cek1 was more specific to cell wall biogenesis, mating and biofilm formation. in the present work, mutants defective in both pathways have been characterized under osmotic stress. both routes are required for a f ...201424905535
ammonia concentration at emergence and its effects on the recovery of different species of entomopathogenic nematodes.the life cycle of entomopathogenic nematodes (epn) occurs inside an insect cadaver and an accumulation of ammonia initiates as a consequence of the nematodes defecation. this accumulation reduces the food resources quality and creates a detrimental environment for nematodes. when a given ammonia concentration is reached, the nematodes start their emergence process, searching for a new host. in the present work, this parameter, ammonia triggering point (atp) was measured in 7 steinernema species/ ...201424880156
steinernema poinari sp. n. (nematoda: steinernematidae) a new entomopathogenic nematode from the czech republic.a new steinernematid nematode, herein described as steinernema poinari sp. n., was recovered by baiting soil samples with the last instar wax moth larvae galleria mellonella in three localities of southwest bohemia, czech republic. morphological and molecular data confirmed this nematode as a new species which belongs to the affine/intermedium group. s. poinari sp. n. was characterized by male, female and infective juvenile morphological observations. male spicules are robust with a pointed tip, ...201424870085
activity of daptomycin or linezolid in combination with rifampin or gentamicin against biofilm-forming enterococcus faecalis or e. faecium in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model using simulated endocardial vegetations and an in vivo survival assay using galleria mellonella larvae.enterococci are the third most frequent cause of infective endocarditis. a high-inoculum stationary-phase in vitro pharmacodynamic model with simulated endocardial vegetations was used to simulate the human pharmacokinetics of daptomycin at 6 or 10 mg/kg of body weight/day or linezolid at 600 mg every 12 h (q12h), alone or in combination with gentamicin at 1.3 mg/kg q12h or rifampin at 300 mg q8h or 900 mg q24h. biofilm-forming, vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resista ...201424867993
ab5075, a highly virulent isolate of acinetobacter baumannii, as a model strain for the evaluation of pathogenesis and antimicrobial treatments.acinetobacter baumannii is recognized as an emerging bacterial pathogen because of traits such as prolonged survival in a desiccated state, effective nosocomial transmission, and an inherent ability to acquire antibiotic resistance genes. a pressing need in the field of a. baumannii research is a suitable model strain that is representative of current clinical isolates, is highly virulent in established animal models, and can be genetically manipulated. to identify a suitable strain, a genetical ...201424865555
reduced virulence of melanized cryptococcus neoformans in galleria mellonella.fungal melanins are important in the virulence of many pathogenic fungi. in this study, we examined the role of melanin in the interaction between cryptococcus neoformans and the invertebrate host, galleria mellonella. c. neoformans was able to melanize in the presence of g. mellonella homogenate, indicating the presence of melanin substrates. melanization was confirmed by the recovery of acid-resistant particles that were recognized by anti-melanin antibodies. in addition, we tested the effect ...201424846144
expression of a toll signaling regulator serpin in a mycoinsecticide for increased virulence.serpins are ubiquitously distributed serine protease inhibitors that covalently bind to target proteases to exert their activities. serpins regulate a wide range of activities, particularly those in which protease-mediated cascades are active. the drosophila melanogaster serpin spn43ac negatively controls the toll pathway that is activated in response to fungal infection. the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana offers an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides for inse ...024837378
modification of streptococcus mutans cnm by pgfs contributes to adhesion, endothelial cell invasion, and virulence.expression of the surface protein cnm has been directly implicated in the ability of certain strains of streptococcus mutans to bind to collagen and to invade human coronary artery endothelial cells (hcaec) and in the killing of galleria mellonella. sequencing analysis of cnm(+) strains revealed that cnm is located between the core genes smu.2067 and smu.2069. reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) analysis showed that cnm is cotranscribed with smu.2067, encoding a putative glycosyltransferase refer ...201424837294
entomopathogenic nematodes in insect cadaver formulations for the control of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae).this study evaluated the efficacy of four entomopathogenic nematode (epn) strains in insect cadaver formulations against rhipicephalus microplus and compared the efficacy of the most virulent epns applied in cadavers of galleria mellonella and tenebrio molitor. in the first experiment, infected g. mellonela larvae were used as the source of epns. engorged females of r. microplus were placed in pots filled with soil and different numbers of g. mellonella larvae infected with one of four species o ...201424836639
the effect of initial dose on the recovery and final yields of heterorhabditis megidis (rhabditida: heterorhabditidae) in larvae of the great wax moth, galleria mellonella.the aim of this study was to determine the effect of different initial doses of the infective juveniles (ijs) (50 ijs, 200 ijs, 1000 ijs) of heterorhabditis megidis poinar (rhabditida: heterorhabditidae) strain ism15/09 on recovery, final yields and percent final yields in larvae galleria mellonella ( l.). percent recovery was not directly related to initial dose. final yields also did not change with the initial dose. however, percent yields was highly negatively correlated with initial dose of ...201424827089
clinical outcomes of hospital-acquired infection with acinetobacter nosocomialis and acinetobacter pittii.the role of acinetobacter nosocomialis and acinetobacter pittii, which belong to the a. calcoaceticus-a. baumannii complex, in hospital-acquired infections is increasingly recognized. here we describe a retrospective cohort study of hospital-acquired a. calcoaceticus-a. baumannii complex infections at a university hospital in thailand. a total of 222 unique cases were identified between january 2010 and december 2011. the genomospecies of the a. calcoaceticus-a. baumannii complex isolates were c ...201424820079
assessing pseudomonas virulence with nonmammalian host: galleria mellonella.pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for severe to deadly infections in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis, aids, undergoing immune suppressing therapies or suffering from severe burns. in the recent years there has been an increasing interest in exploring animal infection models that, to a certain extent, could mimic human infections. here we describe the use of the larvae of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella as a non-expensive, easy-to-use, and easy ...201424818942
purification and characterization of β-glucosidase from greater wax moth galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae).the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, is one of the most ruinous pests of honeycomb in the world. beta-glucosidases are a type of digestive enzymes that hydrolytically catalyzes the beta-glycosidic linkage of glycosides. characterization of the beta-glucosidase in g. mellonella could be a significant stage for a better comprehending of its role and establishing a safe and effective control procedure primarily against g. mellonella and also some other insect pests. laboratory reared final in ...201424789069
activity of colistin in combination with tigecycline or rifampicin against multidrug-resistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia.the antimicrobial treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections is complicated by intrinsic multidrug resistance and a lack of reliable susceptibility data. we assessed the activity of colistin (col), rifampicin (rif) and tigecycline (tgc) alone and in combination using a range of in vitro susceptibility testing methodologies and a simple invertebrate model of s. maltophilia infection (galleria mellonella). synergy [fractional inhibitory concentration indices (ficis) ≤0.5] between col and ...201424781003
priming galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae with heat-killed bacterial cells induced an enhanced immune protection against photorhabdus luminescens tt01 and the role of innate immunity in the process.the current study investigated the characteristics and mechanism of the invertebrate immune priming using galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae (host) and photorhabdus luminescens tt01 (pathogen) as a model. the following parameters of the g. mellonella larvae primed by hemocoel injection of heat-killed cells of tt01 or bacillus thuringiensis hd-1 were determined at designated times after priming and then compared and analyzed systematically: mortality of the primed larvae aga ...201424772535
effects of food quality on trade-offs among growth, immunity and survival in the greater wax moth galleria mellonella.the resources available to an individual in any given environment are finite, and variation in life history traits reflect differential allocation of these resources to competing life functions. nutritional quality of food is of particular importance in these life history decisions. in this study, we tested trade-offs among growth, immunity and survival in 3 groups of greater wax moth (galleria mellonella) larvae fed on diets of high and average nutritional quality. we found rapid growth and wea ...201524771711
specific diversity of the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria and metarhizium in mexican agricultural soils.prior knowledge of the local population structure of entomopathogenic fungi is considered an important requisite when developing microbial control strategies against major pests of crops such as white grubs. an extensive survey in the estate of guanajuato, one of the main agricultural regions of mexico, was carried out to determine the abundance and diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in soil. soil collected from 11 locations was baited for entomopathogenic fungi using galleria mellonella. in ad ...201424769124
contributions of cellular and humoral immunity of galleria mellonella larvae in defence against oral infection by bacillus thuringiensis.in this study the cellular and humoral immune reactions of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella have been investigated during bacterial infection caused by oral administration of bacillus thuringiensis. two different dose strengths were investigated to assess the contribution of immune parameters to induced bt resistance. low-dose (sublethal lc15) infection resulted in significantly elevated haemolymph phenoloxidase and lysozyme-like activity, enhanced phagocytic activity of haemocytes, and ...201424735783
the role of candida albicans spt20 in filamentation, biofilm formation and pathogenesis.candida albicans is a ubiquitous fungus, which can cause very serious and sometimes life-threatening infections in susceptible patients. we used caenorhabditis elegans as a model host to screen a library of c. albicans mutants for decreased virulence and identified spt20 as important for virulence. the transcription co-activator spt20 was identified originally as a suppressor of ty and solo δ insertion mutations, which can cause transcription defects in saccharomyces cerevisiae. it is resistant ...201424732310
the mtfa transcription factor gene controls morphogenesis, gliotoxin production, and virulence in the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus.aspergillus fumigatus is the leading causative agent of invasive aspergillosis (ia). the number of cases is on the rise, with mortality rates as high as 90% among immunocompromised patients. molecular genetic studies in a. fumigatus could provide novel targets to potentially set the basis for antifungal therapies. in the current study, we investigated the role of the transcription factor gene mtfa in a. fumigatus. our results revealed that mtfa plays a role in the growth and development of the f ...201424728192
antioxidant and antitumor activities of 4-arylcoumarins and 4-aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarins.five 4-arylcoumarins (1c-g) and twelve 3,4-dihydro-4-arylcoumarins (2a-l) were synthesized and tested for antioxidant activity, antitumor activity, toxicity and structure-activity relationships analysis. 4-arylcoumarins and 3,4-dihydro-4-arylcoumarins that possess two hydroxyl groups in ortho position, such as 1d, 1f, 2a, 2f, 2g and 2h had stronger radical scavenging properties than that of vitamin c (vit c) in abts(+) assay. kinetic traces of scavenging abts(+) and dpph radicals showed that all ...201424721580
expanding the use of alternative models to investigate novel aspects of immunity to microbial pathogens. 201424717215
no induction of antimicrobial resistance in staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes during continuous exposure to eugenol and citral.the aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptation response of staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), and listeria monocytogenes to the essential oil (eo), eugenol, and citral. the minimum inhibitory concentration of eugenol and citral was determined by agar dilution and microdilution. adaptation to eugenol and citral was done by sequential exposure of the pathogens to increasing concentrations of the essential oils. the m2-a9 standard was used to determine the antibiot ...201424716611
efficiency of bacteriophage therapy against cronobacter sakazakii in galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) larvae.cronobacter sakazakii, an opportunistic pathogen found in milk-based powdered infant formulae, has been linked to meningitis in infants, with high fatality rates. a set of phages from various environments were purified and tested in vitro against strains of c. sakazakii. based on host range and lytic activity, the t4-like phage vb_csam_gap161, which belongs to the family myoviridae, was selected for evaluation of its efficacy against c. sakazakii. galleria mellonella larvae were used as a whole- ...201424705602
two membrane-associated regions within the nodamura virus rna-dependent rna polymerase are critical for both mitochondrial localization and rna replication.viruses with positive-strand rna genomes amplify their genomes in replication complexes associated with cellular membranes. little is known about the mechanism of replication complex formation in cells infected with nodamura virus. this virus is unique in its ability to lethally infect both mammals and insects. in mice and in larvae of the greater wax moth (galleria mellonella), nodamura virus-infected muscle cells exhibit mitochondrial aggregation and membrane rearrangement, leading to disorgan ...201424696464
molecular detection and analysis of a novel metalloprotease gene of entomopathogenic serratia marcescens strains in infected galleria mellonella.serratia marcescens strains isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditis sp.) were examined for their pathogenicity and establishment in wax moth (galleria mellonella) larvae. all the serratia strains were potently pathogenic to g. mellonella larvae, leading to death within 48 h. the strains were shown to possess a metalloprotease gene encoding for a novel serralysin-like protein. rapid establishment of the bacteria in infected larvae was confirmed by specific polymerase chain reaction (p ...201424693978
identification, synthesis, and behavioral activity of 5,11-dimethylpentacosane, a novel sex pheromone component of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.).the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.), is a serious and widespread pest of the honeybee, apis mellifera l. in contrast to most moths, for which long-range mate finding is mediated by female-produced sex pheromones, g. mellonella males attract conspecific females over long distances by emitting large amounts of a characteristic scent in combination with bursts of ultrasonic calls. the male scent for this species was previously identified as a blend of nonanal and undecanal. when these co ...201424692052
in vitro and in vivo activities of tigecycline-colistin combination therapies against carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae.we assessed the activity of tigecycline (tgc) combined with colistin (col) against carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria. synergy occurred in vitro against the majority of isolates, with the exception of serratia marcescens. in a simple animal model (galleria mellonella), tgc-col was superior (p < 0.01) in treating escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterobacter infections, including those with tgc-col resistance. clinical studies are needed to determine whether tgc-col regimens may be a ...201424687491
heterologous expression of bartonella adhesin a in escherichia coli by exchange of trimeric autotransporter adhesin domains results in enhanced adhesion properties and a pathogenic phenotype.human-pathogenic bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease and vasculoproliferative disorders. an important pathogenicity factor of b. henselae is the trimeric autotransporter adhesin (taa) bartonella adhesin a (bada), which is modularly constructed, consisting of a head, a long and repetitive neck-stalk module, and a membrane anchor. bada is involved in bacterial autoagglutination, binding to extracellular matrix proteins and host cells, and in proangiogenic reprogramming. the slow growth ...201424682330
galleria mellonella as an alternative model of coxiella burnetii infection.coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium and is the causative agent of the zoonotic disease q fever. several rodent and non-human primate models of virulent phase i c. burnetii [nine mile (nm)i] have been developed, and have been used to determine the efficacy of antibiotics and vaccine candidates. however, there are several advantages to using insect models to study host-microbe interactions, such as reduced animal use, lowered cost and ease of manipulation in high containme ...201424677067
nonmammalian model systems to investigate fungal biofilms.medical advances have resulted in an increase in the number of patients in immunocompromised states, vulnerable to infection, or individuals fitted with medical devices that form niches for microbial infections. these infections are difficult to treat and have significant morbidity and mortality rates. an important factor in the pathogenesis of fungal diseases is the development of biofilm-forming communities, enabling the invasion of host tissues and resistance to antimicrobial compounds. to in ...201424664832
ambush foraging entomopathogenic nematodes employ 'sprinters' for long-distance dispersal in the absence of hosts.ambush foragers must employ a long-distance dispersal strategy to maximize reproductive success in the absence of hosts. this hypothesis was tested by comparing lateral dispersal of the ambusher, steinernema carpocapsae , and the cruiser, heterorhabditis bacteriophora , nematodes from infected host cadavers in autoclaved, silt-loam soil in large microcosms (0.05-1.5 m(2)) with or without vegetation in the absence of hosts. dispersal was estimated by taking soil cores (5 × 2 cm in diameter) from ...201424650130
the effect of galleria mellonella hemolymph polypeptides on legionella gormanii.among legionella species, which are recognized to be pathogenic for humans, l. gormanii is the second prevalent causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia after l. pneumophila. anti-l. gormanii activity of galleria mellonella hemolymph extract and apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) was examined. the extract and apolp-iii at the concentration 0.025 mg/ml caused 75% and 10% decrease of the bacteria survival rate, respectively. the apolp-iii-induced changes of the bacteria cell surface were analyze ...201424649482
biocontrol potential of steinernema thermophilum and its symbiont xenorhabdus indica against lepidopteran pests: virulence to egg and larval stages.under laboratory conditions, the biocontrol potential of steinernema thermophilum was tested against eggs and larval stages of two important lepidopteran insect pests, helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura (polyphagous pests), as well as galleria mellonella (used as a model host). in terms of host susceptibility of lepidopteran larvae to s. thermophilum, based on the lc50 36 hr after treatment, g. mellonella (lc50 = 16.28 ij/larva) was found to be more susceptible than s. litura (lc50 = 85 ...201424643472
carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae exhibit variability in capsular polysaccharide and capsule associated virulence traits.novel therapies are urgently needed to treat carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (cr-kp)-mediated infection, which constitute a major health threat in the united states. in order to assess if it is feasible to develop anticapsular antibodies as a potential novel therapy, it is crucial to first systematically characterize capsular polysaccharide (cps) and virulence traits in these strains.201424634498
the transcriptional co-activator multiprotein bridging factor 1 from the fungal insect pathogen, beauveria bassiana, mediates regulation of hyphal morphogenesis, stress tolerance and virulence.multiprotein bridging factors (mbfs) are evolutionarily highly conserved cofactors that link tata-binding protein and the associated basal transcription machinery to transcription factors. the filamentous fungus, beauveria bassiana, has a multipotential lifestyle capable of growing as a saprophyte, plant endophyte and insect pathogen. deletion of the single b. bassiana mbf homologue (bbmbf1) affected fungal growth and hyphal morphogenesis, stress response and virulence. compared with wild type, ...201424612420
the maternal transfer of bacteria can mediate trans-generational immune priming in insects.parents invest in their offspring by preparing them for defense against pathogens and parasites that only the parents have encountered, a phenomenon known as trans-generational immune priming. we investigated the underlying mechanism using the established lepidopteran model host galleria mellonella. when larvae were fed with non-pathogenic bacteria, or the entomopathogenic species pseudomonas entomophila and serratia entomophila, the activity of lysozyme and phenoloxidase increased in the hemoly ...201424603099
enterococcus infection biology: lessons from invertebrate host models.the enterococci are commensals of the gastrointestinal tract of many metazoans, from insects to humans. while they normally do not cause disease in the intestine, they can become pathogenic when they infect sites outside of the gut. recently, the enterococci have become important nosocomial pathogens, with the majority of human enterococcal infections caused by two species, enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium. studies using invertebrate infection models have revealed insights into the ...201424585051
an invertebrate model to evaluate virulence in aspergillus fumigatus: the role of azole resistance.the impact of different mutations in the aspergillus fumigatus ergosterol biosynthesis pathway on pathogenesis has been evaluated using a simple invertebrate mini host, the caterpillar galleria mellonella. a set of strains that includes clinical isolates and isogenic mutants with mutations at the cyp51a gene conferring azole resistance were studied. all strains demonstrated a similar in vitro growth pattern and are equally virulent against the insect larvae. these results suggest that in a. fumi ...201424577012
correlation between candida albicans biofilm formation and invasion of the invertebrate host galleria mellonella.the aim of our study was to investigate whether biofilm production by candida albicans clinical isolates could be a hallmark of virulence in vivo.201424571071
new to galleria mellonella: modeling an expec infection. 201424569500
thermal and physical stresses induce a short-term immune priming effect in galleria mellonella larvae.exposure of larvae of galleria mellonella larvae to mild physical (i.e. shaking) or thermal stress for 24h increased their ability to survive infection with aspergillus fumigatus conidia however larvae stressed in a similar manner but incubated for 72h prior to infection showed no elevation in their resistance to infection with a. fumigatus. stressed larvae demonstrated an elevated haemocyte density 24h after initiation of the stress event but this declined at 48 and 72h. larval proteins such as ...201424561359
in vivo correlates of molecularly inferred virulence among extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli (expec) in the wax moth galleria mellonella model system.in contrast to commensal escherichia coli, extraintestinal pathogenic e. coli (expec) strains possess an array of virulence-associated genes. we sought to establish the feasibility of using the invertebrate galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) for assessing expec virulence and to investigate the correlation between genotypic determinants of virulence and in vivo pathogenicity. we observed a correlation between the number of virulence genes and larval survival, such that expec isolates with hig ...201424518442
diverse effects of galleria mellonella infection with entomopathogenic and clinical strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa.in numerous studies, the greater wax moth galleria mellonella has been exploited as an alternative model host for investigating virulence factors of different pathogenic bacteria. in the present paper, we provide evidence that g. mellonella constitutes a useful and convenient model for analysis of the pathogenicity of pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains. in this in vivo study on the g. mellonella–p. aeruginosa interaction, a bidirectional analysis comprising evaluation of humoral immune resp ...201424513029
β-phosphoglucomutase contributes to aciduricity in streptococcus mutans.streptococcus mutans encounters an array of sugar moieties within the oral cavity due to a varied human diet. one such sugar is β-d-glucose 1-phosphate (βdg1p), which must be converted to glucose 6-phosphate (g6p) before further metabolism to lactic acid. the conversion of βdg1p to g6p is mediated by β-phosphoglucomutase, which has not been previously observed in any oral streptococci, but has been extensively characterized and the gene designated pgmb in lactococcus lactis. an orthologue was id ...201424509501
three mitogen-activated protein kinases required for cell wall integrity contribute greatly to biocontrol potential of a fungal entomopathogen.bck1, mkk1 and slt2 are three mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases constituting cell wall integrity (cwi) pathway that may control multi-stress responses via crosstalk with high-osmolarity glycerol (hog) pathway in budding yeast. in this study, bck1, mkk1 and slt2 orthologues in beauveria bassiana were confirmed as the three-module cascade essential for cwi because cell wall impairment occurred in the hyphae and conidia of δbck1, δmkk1 and δslt2 examined in multiple experiments. strikingly, a ...201424498410
biological roles of the o-methyl phosphoramidate capsule modification in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of this organism is required for persistence and disease. c. jejuni produces over 47 different capsular structures, including a unique o-methyl phosphoramidate (meopn) modification present on most c. jejuni isolates. although the meopn structure is rare in nature it has structural similarity to some synthetic pesticides. in this study, we have demonstrated, by whole genome comparis ...201424498018
virulence factors and infection ability of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a hydropathic facility and respiratory infections.to compare the virulence pool and acute infection ability of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a hydropathic facility, used to treat respiratory conditions by inhalation of untreated natural mineral water, with clinical isolates from respiratory infections.201424484457
gallium-mediated siderophore quenching as an evolutionarily robust antibacterial treatment.conventional antibiotics select strongly for resistance and are consequently losing efficacy worldwide. extracellular quenching of shared virulence factors could represent a more promising strategy because (i) it reduces the available routes to resistance (as extracellular action precludes any mutations blocking a drug's entry into cells or hastening its exit) and (ii) it weakens selection for resistance, as fitness benefits to emergent mutants are diluted across all cells in a cooperative colle ...201424480613
reducing virulence of the human pathogen burkholderia by altering the substrate specificity of the quorum-quenching acylase pvdq.the use of enzymes to interfere with quorum sensing represents an attractive strategy to fight bacterial infections. we used pvdq, an effective quorum-quenching enzyme from pseudomonas aeruginosa, as a template to generate an acylase able to effectively hydrolyze c8-hsl, the major communication molecule produced by the burkholderia species. we discovered that the combination of two single mutations leading to variant pvdq(lα146w,fβ24y) conferred high activity toward c8-hsl. exogenous addition of ...201424474783
studies on the role of insect hemolymph polypeptides: galleria mellonella anionic peptide 2 and lysozyme.the lysozymes are well known antimicrobial polypeptides exhibiting antibacterial and antifungal activities. their antibacterial potential is related to muramidase activity and non-enzymatic activity resembling the mode of action of cationic defense peptides. however, the mechanisms responsible for fungistatic and/or fungicidal activity of lysozyme are still not clear. in the present study, the anti-candida albicans activity of galleria mellonella lysozyme and anionic peptide 2 (ap2), defense fac ...201424472857
genetic and virulence variation in an environmental population of the opportunistic pathogen aspergillus fumigatus.environmental populations of the opportunistic pathogen aspergillus fumigatus have been shown to be genotypically diverse and to contain a range of isolates with varying pathogenic potential. in this study, we combined two rapd primers to investigate the genetic diversity of environmental isolates from manchester collected monthly over 1 year alongside dublin environmental isolates and clinical isolates from patients. rapd analysis revealed a diverse genotype, but with three major clinical isola ...201424464798
activation of map kinase pathways in galleria mellonella infected with bacillus thuringiensis.we followed changes in the level of phospho-map kinases in the greater wax moth galleria mellonella after infection with bacillus thuringiensis. we observed an enhanced level of phosphorylated p38 and jnk in fat bodies of the infected larvae. in hemocytes, injection of b. thuringiensis caused the highest increase in phospho-jnk, however, all pathways were activated after aseptic injection. we report that galleria mellonella larvae exposed to heat shock before infection showed an enhanced level o ...201424455757
quantifying the clinical virulence of klebsiella pneumoniae producing carbapenemase klebsiella pneumoniae with a galleria mellonella model and a pilot study to translate to patient outcomes.previous studies may have overestimated morbidity and mortality due to klebsiella pneumoniae producing carbapenemase (kpc) klebsiella pneumoniae infections because of difficulties in modeling patient comorbidities. this pilot study sought to evaluate kpc virulence by combining clinical and galleria mellonella models in patients with k. pneumoniae blood stream infections (bsis).201424428847
quantitative determination of nitric oxide production in haemocytes: nitrite reduction activity as a potential pathway of no formation in haemolymph of galleria mellonella larvae.the generation of nitric oxide by galleria mellonella larvae haemocytes has been investigated. for this purpose, a fluorescent method, specific for detection of no, has been developed. the method is based on the application of fluorescence probe daf-fm diacetate and nitronyl nitroxyl radical, nnr, which accelerates the no-dependent formation of fluorescence product, daf-fm triazole. the key feature of the method is the registration and analysis of differential kinetics, namely, the difference of ...201424406682
evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, and isaria fumosorosea for control of sitophilus oryzae.the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, and isaria fumosorosea were tested against the stored-grain pest sitophilus oryzae. the fungi were isolated from the soil (from three locations in attica, greece: b. bassiana from tatoion, m. anisopliae from marathon, and i. fumosorosea from aghios stefanos) using larvae of galleria mellonella as bait. suspensions of 2.11 × 10(7) and 2.11 × 10(8), 1.77 × 10(7) and 1.77 × 10(8), and 1.81 × 10(7) and 1.81 × 10(8) conidia per ml ...201424406003
cefotaxime resistant escherichia coli collected from a healthy volunteer; characterisation and the effect of plasmid loss.in this study 6 ctx-m positive e. coli isolates collected during a clinical study examining the effect of antibiotic use in a human trial were analysed. the aim of the study was to analyse these isolates and assess the effect of full or partial loss of plasmid genes on bacterial fitness and pathogenicity. a dna array was utilised to assess resistance and virulence gene carriage. plasmids were characterised by pcr-based replicon typing and addiction system multiplex pcr. a phenotypic array and in ...201324386342
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 301 - 400 of 1449