Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| baseline susceptibility of the corn earworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to the cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | susceptibility to cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was determined for 12 field populations of neonate corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), from the united states. earworm larvae were exposed to artificial diet treated with increasing bt concentrations, and mortality and growth inhibition were evaluated after 7 d. the range of variation in bt susceptibility indicated by growth inhibition was very similar to that indicated by mortality. although interpopulation variation in suscept ... | 2000 | 10985041 |
| impact of recombinant baculovirus field applications on a nontarget heliothine parasitoid, microplitis croceipes (hymenoptera: braconidae). | the kill times of two viruses infectious to the heliothine pest complex indigenous to texas cotton have been significantly reduced by expressing a scorpion toxin gene. autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) and helicoverpa zea npv express the toxin only in permissive lepidopteran hosts. the toxin, however, could indirectly harm members of upper trophic levels that feed upon and parasitize infected larvae producing the toxin. in this study, the effects of recombinant and wild-type viru ... | 2000 | 10985020 |
| comparative insecticidal properties of two nucleopolyhedrovirus vectors encoding a similar toxin gene chimer. | laboratory, greenhouse and field studies were conducted to characterize the insecticidal properties of genetically altered forms of autographa californica (speyer) nucleopolyhedrovirus (acnpv) and helicoverpa zea (boddie) npv (hznpv) against selected heliothine species. the altered viruses each contained a chimeric 0.8-kb fragment encoding the insect-specific, sodium channel neurotoxin from the algerian scorpion androctonus australis hector (aait, hence recombinant viruses designated ac-aait and ... | 2000 | 10985018 |
| an in-field screen for early detection and monitoring of insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in transgenic crops. | we present a field-based approach to detect and monitor insects with resistance to insecticidal toxins produced by transgenic plants. our objective is to estimate the phenotypic frequency of resistance in a population by relating the densities of insects on genetically transformed plants to densities on nontransformed plants. we focus on european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), in sweet corn, zea mays l., expressing cry1ab from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki berliner to illustra ... | 2000 | 10985012 |
| further characterization of the gonad-specific virus of corn earworm, helicoverpa zea. | the gonad-specific virus (gsv) is a dna virus infecting the reproductive tracts of adults of both sexes of the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea, causing severe tissue deformities leading to sterility. atypical occlusion bodies containing large concentrations of virions embedded in a granular matrix were seen in the lumen of the oviduct and the bursa copulatrix of infected females. the virus, transmitted by both sexes, was successfully propagated in vivo and in tissue culture. the gsv genome is abou ... | 2000 | 10963397 |
| establishment and characterization of an ostrinia nubilalis cell line, and its response to ecdysone agonists. | a cell line derived from embryonic tissues of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (umc-one), was established in ex-cell 401 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. the cells grew in suspension, and were mainly spherical in shape. the cell doubling times at the 17th and 79th passages were 56 and 36 h, respectively. dna amplification fingerprinting showed that the dna profile of the one cell line was different from that of the southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella (umc-dge), and ... | 2000 | 10950000 |
| bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin proteins show a correlation in toxicity and short circuit current inhibition against helicoverpa zea. | pesticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins, cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac, and cry2a, was determined by using the force-feeding bioassay method to 4(th) instar larvae of helicoverpa zea. h. zea was susceptible to bt toxins in the order cry1ac > cry1ab > cry1aa > cry2a with 63.60, 89.04, 159.65, and 375.78 ng/larvae respectively. the abilities of selected bacillus thuringiensis toxins to inhibit short circuit current (i(sc)) in midgut epithelia of h. zea were also investigated by vol ... | 2000 | 10915211 |
| conventional resistance of experimental maize lines to corn earworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae), fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae), southwestern corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae), and sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | plant resistance is a useful component of integrated pest management for several insects that are economically damaging to maize, zea mays l. in this study, 15 experimental lines of maize derived from a backcross breeding program were evaluated for resistance to corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie); fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith); southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar; and sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.). experimental line 100-r-3 was resistant in t ... | 2000 | 10902359 |
| cotton boll abscission and yield losses associated with first-instar bollworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) injury to nontransgenic and transgenic bt cotton. | field tests were conducted in northeastern louisiana to determine the effects of infestations by helicoverpa zea (boddie) on cotton bolls of varying ages. first instars were caged on bolls of nontransgenic ('deltapine 5415') or transgenic bacillus thuringiensis berliner variety kurstaki (bt) ('nucotn 33b') cotton from 29 june to 11 august during 1997 and 1998. deltapine 5415 bolls that accumulated 179 (7.2 d), 281 (11.2 d), and 253 (10.1 d) heat units beyond anthesis were safe from bollworm-indu ... | 2000 | 10902317 |
| field evaluation of soybean engineered with a synthetic cry1ac transgene for resistance to corn earworm, soybean looper, velvetbean caterpillar (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and lesser cornstalk borer (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | a transgenic line of the soybean 'jack', glycine max (l.) merrill, expressing a synthetic cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki (jack-bt), was evaluated for resistance to four lepidopteran pests in the field. jack-bt and genotypes serving as susceptible and resistant controls were planted in field cages and artificially infested with larvae of corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), and velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis (hübner), in 1996, 1997, and 1998, and also w ... | 2000 | 10902306 |
| relationships between polydnavirus gene expression and host range of the parasitoid wasp campoletis sonorensis. | to evaluate the relationship between immune suppression and host range six lepidopteran species were parasitized by the ichneumonid parasitoid campoletis sonorensis. parasitism inhibited the growth of permissive hosts (heliothis virescens, helicoverpa zea, and trichoplusia ni), whereas growth of semi-permissive (spodoptera exigua, agrotis ipsilon) and non-permissive hosts (manduca sexta) was not significantly affected. the 29-36 kda ovarian protein (op), responsible for transient immunosuppressi ... | 2000 | 10878266 |
| filamentous actin is required for lepidopteran nucleopolyhedrovirus progeny production. | autographa californica m nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) is the prototypical member of the nucleopolyhedrosis: genus of the baculoviridae:, a family of large, double-stranded dna viruses that are highly diverse. nucleocapsid morphogenesis of acmnpv and others in the nucleopolyhedrovirus: genus takes place within the nuclei of infected host cells. previously, we showed that filamentous actin (f-actin) is essential for this process to occur in acmnpv-infected cells, an unprecedented finding for a dn ... | 2000 | 10859396 |
| characterization of a single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus of thysanoplusia orichalcea l. (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from indonesia. | a single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) isolated from thysanoplusia orichalcea l. (lepidoptera:noctuidae) (thornpv) in indonesia has tetrahedral occlusion bodies (obs) with a width of 1. 22 microm (range = 0.803-1.931 microm). the length of the virion with an envelope averaged 0.29 and 0.23 microm without an envelope. thornpv was propagated in pseudoplusia includens (walker) and its authenticity was confirmed by sequence analysis of the polyhedrin gene of the thornpv produced in t. oric ... | 2000 | 10843835 |
| high level expression of "male specific" pheromone binding proteins (pbps) in the antennae of female noctuiid moths. | pheromone binding proteins (pbps) are one branch of a multigene family of lepidopteran odorant binding proteins (obps) that are known for their relatively high levels of expression in male antennae. however, pbp expression has been observed at low levels in female antennae of the saturniidae, bombycidae and lymantriidae, and at relatively high levels in members of the noctuiidae. the function of female pbp expression is unclear, as female lepidoptera are consistently noted for their failure to r ... | 2000 | 10802242 |
| expression of the green fluorescent protein carried by autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in insect cell lines. | a recombinant acmnpv containing the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene under the polyhedrin promoter (polh) was used to investigate the expression of the gfp gene as well as the production of recombinant extracellular virus in 14 continuous insect cell lines, including heliothis virescens (bcirl-hv-am1), helicoverpa zea (bcirl-hz-am1), anticarsia gemmatalis (bcirl-ag-am1), trichoplusia ni (tn-cl1), spodoptera frugiperda (iplb-sf21), spodoptera exigua (bcirl/amcy-se-e1 and bcirl/amcy-se-e5), bo ... | 2000 | 10777062 |
| helicoverpa armigera granulovirus interference with progression of h. zea nucleopolyhedrovirus disease in h. zea larvae. | capsular proteins from helicoverpa armigera granulovirus (hagv) have previously been shown to enhance h. armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (hasnpv) infection in h. armigera larvae. yet, hagv and has-npv, as viable viruses, interfered with one another. in our study, we have examined the effects of co-infection of the slow-killing virus hagv with the fast-killing virus helicoverpa zea npv (hzsnpv) on h. zea larvae. the mortality parameter measured was survival time. virus stocks had 50% lethal concent ... | 2000 | 10772322 |
| the kinin peptide family in invertebrates. | kinins comprise a family of peptides that were first found in the central nervous system of insects and recently also in mollusks and crustaceans. after the isolation of the first members of the kinin family, the leukokinins from leucophaea maderae, leukokinin-related peptides were found in the cricket acheta domesticus and the locust locusta migratoria, all through their ability to induce leucophaea maderae hindgut contraction. subsequently, kinins were found in the mosquitoes culex salinarius ... | 1999 | 10676463 |
| molecular cloning and expression of cyp6b8: a xanthotoxin-inducible cytochrome p450 cdna from helicoverpa zea. | xanthotoxin, a plant allelochemical, induces alpha-cypermethrin insecticide tolerance in helicoverpa zea (corn earworm); inhibition of tolerance by piperonyl butoxide implicates cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (p450s) in the detoxification of this insecticide. to characterize the xanthotoxin-inducible p450 that might mediate alpha-cypermethrin tolerance in this species, a cdna library prepared from xanthotoxin-induced h. zea fifth instar larvae was screened with cdnas encoding furanocoumarin-meta ... | 2000 | 10646973 |
| infectivity studies of a new baculovirus isolate for the control of the diamondback moth (plutellidae: lepidoptera). | this study describes a new baculovirus isolate recovered from infected larvae of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), and identified as a multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (mnpv). the plaque purified isolate designated as pxmnpvcl3 was found to be pathogenic to p. xylostella, heliothis virescens (f.), trichoplusia ni (hübner), h. subflexa (guenée), helicoverpa zea (boddie), spodoptera exigua (hübner), and s. frugiperda (j. e. smith) larvae in decreasing order of susceptibility. the lc50 f ... | 1999 | 10582047 |
| the nucleopolyhedroviruses of rachiplusia ou and anagrapha falcifera are isolates of the same virus. | the 7.8 kb ecori-g fragment of rachiplusia ou multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (romnpv), containing the polyhedrin gene, was cloned and sequenced. the sequence of the fragment was 92.3% identical to the sequence of the corresponding region in the autographa californica (ac)mnpv genome. a comparison of the ecori-g sequence with other mnpv sequences revealed that romnpv was most closely related to acmnpv. however, the predicted amino acid sequence of romnpv polyhedrin shared more sequence identity ... | 1999 | 10573177 |
| characterization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus from the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (lepidoptera: noctuidae) | the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a serious localized pest of vegetable and field crops. we have characterized a newly discovered baculovirus, the agrotis ipsilon multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (agipmnpv), that was isolated from a. ipsilon in illinois. restriction enzyme fragment profiles of agipmnpv dna were distinct from those of previously described nucleopolyhedroviruses. electron microscopy of agipmnpv-infected tissues indicated that nucleocapsids ... | 1999 | 10534417 |
| molecular characterization of genes in the gp41 region of baculoviruses and phylogenetic analysis based upon gp41 and polyhedrin genes. | a newly sequenced anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) gp41 gene was used to reconstruct the phylogeny for gp41 by comparison with autographa californica mnpv, bombyx mori mnpv, helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (snpv), lymantria dispar mnpv, orgyia pseudotsugata mnpv and spodoptera frugiperda mnpv. the 3.5 kb fragment of the agmnpv gp41 region not only contained the gp41 gene but also three other open reading frames that had significant homology with the very l ... | 1999 | 10518714 |
| identification of a drosophila brain-gut peptide related to the neuropeptide y family. | a neuropeptide f (npf) was isolated from the fruit fly, drosophila mellanogaster, based on a radioimmunoassay for a gut peptide from the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea. a partial sequence was obtained from the fly peptide, and a genomic sequence coding for npf was cloned after inverse polymerase chain reaction and shown to exist as a single genomic copy. the encoded, putative prepropeptide can be processed into an amidated npf with 36 residues that is related to invertebrate npf's and the neurope ... | 1999 | 10499420 |
| relative resistance of transgenic tomato tissues expressing high levels of tobacco anionic peroxidase to different insect species. | different parts of genetically transformed tomato (lycopersicon esculentum l.) plants that express the tobacco anionic peroxidase were compared for insect resistance with corresponding wild type plants. leaf feeding by first instar helicoverpa zea and manduca sexta was often significantly reduced on intact transgenic plants and/or leaf disks compared to wild type plants, but the effect could depend on leaf age. leaves of transgenic plants were generally as susceptible to feeding damage by third ... | 1998 | 10441031 |
| circular configuration of the genome of ascoviruses. | a circular configuration of genomic dna was observed in ascoviruses isolated from two species of insects of the family noctuidae [fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) and cotton bollworm (helicoverpa zea)] using restriction endonuclease (ren) digestion, conventional gel electrophoresis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and southern hybridization analysis. this circular configuration of ascovirus genomic dna was established based on the difference between linear and circular dna in the numbers o ... | 1999 | 10374973 |
| serial passage of a helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus in helicoverpa zea cell cultures. | the serial passaging of baculoviruses in cell lines numerous times can result in a variety of mutations or defective viral populations becoming predominant in the cultures. the generation of these mutants during cell culture passage, also known as "the passage effect," can seriously hinder the use of in vitro methods for large-scale production of baculoviruses for use as biopesticides. in an effort to develop a large-scale in vitro method of producing helicoverpa armigera singly enveloped nucleo ... | 1999 | 10222185 |
| overexpression of the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry2aa2 protein in chloroplasts confers resistance to plants against susceptible and bt-resistant insects. | evolving levels of resistance in insects to the bioinsecticide bacillus thuringiensis (bt) can be dramatically reduced through the genetic engineering of chloroplasts in plants. when transgenic tobacco leaves expressing cry2aa2 protoxin in chloroplasts were fed to susceptible, cry1a-resistant (20,000- to 40,000-fold) and cry2aa2-resistant (330- to 393-fold) tobacco budworm heliothis virescens, cotton bollworm helicoverpa zea, and the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua, 100% mortality was observed a ... | 1999 | 10051556 |
| evaluation of transgenic sweet corn hybrids expressing cryia (b) toxin for resistance to corn earworm and fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | many of the lepidopterous insects which attack sweet corn, zea mays l., are susceptible to insecticidal proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki (berliner) (btk). transgenic sweet corn expressing a synthetic cry gene for production of a btk-insecticidal protein may provide a more environmentally acceptable means of sweet corn production. eight transgenic sweet corn hybrids containing a synthetic gene for cryia(b) protein production (bt11 event) were evaluated for resistance to t ... | 1999 | 10036986 |
| development and use of a pcr assay for detection of the reproductive virus in wild populations of helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) | helicoverpa zea reproductive virus (hzrv) is a nonoccluded bacilliform virus that affects both female and male moths of the corn earworm h. zea. in order to study the biology and host range of hzrv, a bioassay was previously developed to detect the presence of this virus in infected insects. a drawback of this bioassay is that it is time consuming and requires more than a month to complete. here we describe the development of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the rapid detection of hzr ... | 1999 | 9878296 |
| isolation and identification of the cdna encoding the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide and additional neuropeptides in the oriental tobacco budworm, helicoverpa assulta (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the present study is concerned with cloning and characterizing has-pban cdna which is 756 nucleotides long, isolated from the brain and suboesophageal ganglion complex (br-sg) of helicoverpa assulta adults. the 194-amino acid sequence deduced from this cdna possessed the proteolytic endocleavage sites to generate multiple peptides. from the processing of the prepro-hormone, it can be predicted that the cdna has a pban domain with 33 amino acids and four additional peptide domains: 24 amino acid- ... | 1998 | 9807222 |
| new cell lines from heliothis virescens: characterization and susceptibility to baculoviruses | new cell lines from embryos of heliothis virescens were recently developed. six primary cultures were initiated in june 1995. from these initial cultures, two produced sufficient cell growth to allow subcultivation and eventually led to the establishment of seven cell strains, three of which are maintained at low temperatures (17 degreesc). the strains were compared with a previously established cell line from h. virescens by isozyme analysis and shown to be from the same species. all the strain ... | 1998 | 9784351 |
| combinatorial odor discrimination in the brain: attractive and antagonist odor blends are represented in distinct combinations of uniquely identifiable glomeruli. | the rules governing the central discrimination of odors are complex and poorly understood, but a growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that olfactory glomeruli may represent functionally distinct coding modules in the brain. testing this hypothesis requires that both the functional characteristics and the spatial position of the glomerulus under study be uniquely identifiable. to address these questions, we examined a specialized array of glomeruli (the macroglomerular complex; mgc) i ... | 1998 | 9762865 |
| the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban) of the black cutworm moth, agrotis ipsilon: immunohistochemistry, molecular characterization and bioassay of its peptide sequence. | pban-like immunoreactivity has been detected in the suboesophageal ganglion and the brain (br-sog) of larvae and adult males and females of agrotis ipsilon, using an antiserum against helicoverpa zea pban (hez-pban). the amino acid sequence of a. ipsilon pban (agi-pban) was deduced from the cdna sequence, using both reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and 5' rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the primers were degenerate sets of oligonucleotides derived from known amino ... | 1998 | 9753769 |
| new p-terphenyl and polyketide metabolites from the sclerotia of penicillium raistrickii. | three new p-terphenyls (1-3), a new xanthone derivative (4), and two known fungal metabolites (5 and 6) have been isolated from the sclerotia of penicillium raistrickii (nrrl 2039). the structures for 3,3"-dihydroxy-6'-desmethylterphenyllin (1); 3'-demethoxy-6'-desmethyl-5'-methoxycandidusin b (2); 6'-desmethylcandidusin b (3); and 1,3,5, 6-tetrahydroxy-8-methylxanthone (4) were determined on the basis of hrms and nmr data. although compounds 1 and 4 exhibited mild antiinsectan and antibacterial ... | 1998 | 9748377 |
| differential leaf resistance to insects of transgenic sweetgum (liquidambar styraciflua) expressing tobacco anionic peroxidase. | leaves of transgenic sweetgum (liquidambar styraciflua) trees that expressed tobacco anionic peroxidase were compared with leaves of l. styraciflua trees that did not express the tobacco enzyme. leaves of the transgenic trees were generally more resistant to feeding by caterpillars and beetles than wild-type leaves. however, as for past studies with transgenic tobacco and tomato expressing the tobacco anionic peroxidase, the degree of relative resistance depended on the size of insect used and t ... | 1998 | 9711237 |
| comparison of field-collected ascovirus isolates by dna hybridization, host range, and histopathology. | six field-collected ascovirus isolates obtained from five noctuid species in the continental united states were compared with respect to the general relatedness of their dna, host range, and histopathology. two isolates were from spodoptera frugiperda, and the other four were from autographa precationis, heliothis virescens, helicoverpa zea, and trichoplusia ni. dna-dna hybridization studies showed that the six isolates belonged to three distinct viral species, with the isolates from s. frugiper ... | 1998 | 9709014 |
| amplification of a chimeric bacillus gene in chloroplasts leads to an extraordinary level of an insecticidal protein in tobacco. | the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal toxins are safe biological insecticides, but have short persistance and are poorly effective against pests that feed inside plant tissues. production of effective levels of these proteins in plants has required resynthesis of the genes encoding them. we report that amplification of an unmodified cryla(c) coding sequence in chloroplasts up to approximately 10,000 copies per cell resulted in the accumulation of an unprecedented 3-5% of the soluble protein in ... | 1995 | 9634777 |
| in vitro and in vivo host range of anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | a clone of the wild type (wt) anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus agmnpv, derived from a geographical isolate (hondrina, brazil) and designated agmnpv-cl4-3a1, was used to determine the host range of this virus in six established lepidopteran cell lines: anticarsia gemmatalis (bcirl-ag-am1), helicoverpa zea (bcirl-hz-am1), heliothis virescens (bcirl-hv-am1), helicoverpa armigera (bcirl-ha-am1), trichoplusia ni (tn-cl1), bombyx mori (bmn), and a coleopteran cell line anthono ... | 1998 | 9542640 |
| lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus hrf-1 expands the larval host range of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) is nonpermissive for autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acnpv) infection. we previously isolated a gene, host range factor 1 (hrf-1), from l. dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus that promotes acnpv replication in ld652y cells, a nonpermissive l. dispar cell line (s. m. thiem, x. du, m. e. quentin, and m. m. berner, j. virol. 70:2221-2229, 1996). in the present study, we investigated the ability of hrf-1 to alter the larval host range of acnpv. bioassays using ... | 1998 | 9499118 |
| role of baculovirus ie2 and its ring finger in cell cycle arrest. | the ie2 gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) is known to transactivate transient expression from viral promoters in a host cell-specific manner. we report that transfection of spodoptera frugiperda (sf-21) cells with ie2 was sufficient to arrest the cell cycle, resulting in the accumulation of enlarged cells with abnormally high dna contents. by 72 h posttransfection, more than 50% of ie2-transfected cells had dna contents greater than 4n. there was no evidence of m ... | 1998 | 9420274 |
| sugar acquisition during the development of microsporidian (microspora: nosematidae) spores | helicoverpa zea larvae were infected with vairimorpha necatrix. the fat body was triturated and sporulation stages were fractionated according to buoyant density by ludox density gradient centrifugation. spores and sporulation stages formed two minor bands with buoyant densities of 1.072 and 1.121 g/ml, and two major bands with buoyant densities of 1.150 and 1.198 g/ml. the higher bands of less dense sporoblastic stages first appeared 96 hr following infection and the band containing the heavies ... | 1997 | 9281397 |
| replication of a gonad-specific insect virus in tn-368 cells in culture | a newly discovered, nonoccluded, insect virus, known as gonad-specific virus (gsv) was found to replicate in trichoplusia ni (tn-368) tissue culture cells. light-microscope observations indicated that 90% of the infected cells showed cytopathic effects by 2 days postinoculation. electron-microscopic observations revealed the productive replication of this nonoccluded virus with enveloped virus particles clearly visible in the nucleus of infected cells. these particles had approximately the same ... | 1997 | 9281395 |
| genetically variable triplet repeats in a ring-finger orf of helicoverpa species baculoviruses. | nucleotide sequence analysis of the helicoverpa zea s-type nucleopolyhedrovirus (hzsnpv) genomic interval between the polh and iel genes has revealed an open reading frame (hoar orf) that contains a complex a 1-t rich triplet repeat region (rat-repeats). hoar orf is predicted to encode an acidic, arginine residue rich. 712 aa protein, with a c3hc4 (ring-finger) zinc binding motif. rat-repeats, distributed over 450 bp. consist of gat. aat, and gtt codons, correspond to asp, asn and val residues w ... | 1997 | 9178498 |
| molecular characterization of a cdna from pseudaletia unipuncta encoding the manduca sexta allatostatin peptide (mas-ast). | a 15-residue neuropeptide, manduca sexta allatostatin (mas-ast), strongly inhibits juvenile hormone (jh) biosynthesis in vitro by corpora allata (ca) from manduca fifth-stadium larvae and adult females as well as helicoverpa zea adult females (kramer et al., 1991 proc. natl. acad. sci (usa) 88, 9458-9462). in contrast, this study found that 1.0 microm mas-ast has no jh biosynthesis inhibitory activity in pseudaletia unipuncta sixth instar larvae or newly-emerged (day 0) adults but inhibited ca o ... | 1996 | 9014326 |
| sclerotiamide: a new member of the paraherquamide class with potent antiinsectan activity from the sclerotia of aspergillus sclerotiorum. | sclerotiamide (1), a new fungal natural product related to the paraherquamides, was isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation of antiinsectan organic extracts from the sclerotia of aspergillus sclerotiorum (nrrl 5167). the structure was determined primarily through 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, hmqc, and hmbc experiments. sclerotiamide causes significant mortality and unusual physiological effects in dietary assays against the corn earworm helicoverpa zea. | 1996 | 8946752 |
| ochratoxin a: an antiinsectan metabolite from the sclerotia of aspergillus carbonarius nrrl 369. | ochratoxin a, a known mycotoxin with demonstrated toxicity to insects, has been isolated from the sclerotia of the fungus aspergillus carbonarius nrrl 369. the sclerotia, harvested from a solid substrate fermentation of corn kernels at 28 degrees c, produced quantities of ochratoxin a exceeding 50 ppm/g dry weight of sclerotia. evidence is presented that ochratoxin a accounts for the activity of the methanol extract against larvae of the detritivorous beetle carpophilus hemipterus (nitidulidae) ... | 1996 | 8941986 |
| induction of pheromone production in a moth by topical application of a pseudopeptide mimic of a pheromonotropic neuropeptide. | an amphiphilic analog of locusta myotropin ii (lom-mt-ii), glu-gly-asp-phe-thr-pro-arg-leu-amide, was synthesized by addition of 6-phenylhexanoic acid (6-pha) linked through alanine to the amino terminus. this pseudopeptide, [6-pha-ala0]lom-mt-ii, was found to have pheromonotropic activity equivalent to pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide when injected into females of heliothis virescens. topical application of [6-pha-ala0]lom-mt-ii or helicoverpa zea-pheromone biosynthesis activating ... | 1996 | 8901632 |
| genetic transformation, recovery, and characterization of fertile soybean transgenic for a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis cryiac gene. | somatic embryos of jack, a glycine max (l.) merrill cultivar, were transformed using microprojectile bombardment with a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein gene (bt cryiac) driven by the 35s promoter and linked to the hph gene. approximately 10 g of tissue was bombarded, and three transgenic lines were selected on hygromycin-containing media and converted into plants. the recovered lines contained the hph gene, but the bt gene was lost in one line. the plasmid was rearr ... | 1996 | 8819322 |
| gene transfer into corn earworm (helicoverpa zea) embryos. | transposable elements with short inverted repeats at their termini have been identified in a number of diverse insect species and have proven to be useful gene delivery vectors for the transformation of drosophila melanogaster. in this report we examine the ability of the d. melanogaster hobo element to transpose in lepidopteran species. a trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) and a helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) embryonic cell line were found to be capable of supporting productive transposition of t ... | 1996 | 8796344 |
| the ribosome-inactivating protein restrictocin deters insect feeding on aspergillus restrictus. | the fungus-feeding beetle, carpophilus freemani, consumed equal quantities of young mycelia, fewer phialides bearing mature spores and much fewer phialides bearing developing spores of aspergillus restrictus compared to those of aspergillus nidulans when tested in diet choice assays. the degree to which specific fungal structures were consumed was inversely related to the localization of high levels of restrictocin, a ribosome-inactivating protein, to those structures. pure restrictocin added to ... | 1996 | 8704996 |
| vip3a, a novel bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein with a wide spectrum of activities against lepidopteran insects. | a novel vegetative insecticidal gene, vip3a(a), whose gene product shows activity against lepidopteran insect larvae including black cutworm (agrotis ipsilon), fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda), beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua), tobacco budworm (heliothis virescens), and corn earworm (helicoverpa zea) has been isolated from bacillus thuringiensis strain ab88. vip3-insecticidal gene homologues have been detected in approximately 15% of bacillus strains analyzed. the sequence of the vip3a(b) ... | 1996 | 8643585 |
| characterization of a highly conserved baculovirus structural protein that is specific for occlusion-derived virions. | a highly conserved baculovirus late gene called odvp-6e was shown to be a structural protein that is specific for occlusion-derived virus (odv) envelopes. the complete sequence of this gene is presented for both orgyia pseudotsugata nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) and cydia pomonella granulosis virus (cpgv). the predicted sizes of the opmnpv and cpgv odvp-6e are 40, 241, and 38,655 respectively. the opmnpv odvp-6e gene was transcriptionally mapped and was shown to initiate from a consensus l ... | 1996 | 8615018 |
| amplification of complete insect mitochondrial genome in two easy pieces. | the entire insect mitochondrial genome has been amplified in just two pcr reactions. 'universal' insect primers and techniques to optimize amplification of long pcr products were used to obtain segments of the mitochondrial genomes of helicoverpa zea and heliothis virescens (lepidoptera) ranging in size from 3.7 kb to 14 kb or about 25% to over 85% of a typical 16 kb mtdna. overlapping pairs of fragments contain the complete mtdna sequence. | 1995 | 8589843 |
| aflavinines and other antiinsectan metabolites from the ascostromata of eupenicillium crustaceum and related species. | this report describes the distribution of antiinsectan metabolites present in sclerotioid ascostromata produced by representative strains of eupenicillium crustaceum and fungal taxa that are considered to be closely related. the hexane and chloroform extracts of e. crustaceum nrrl 3332 displayed significant antiinsectan activity in assays against the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea. the major metabolite accounting for this antiinsectan activity was a known aflavinine analog, 10,23-dihydro-24,25-de ... | 1995 | 8534106 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a p40 structural protein gene of helicoverpa zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | a gene encoding an occluded virion structural protein was isolated from an expression library constructed from the helicoverpa zea s-type nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) isolate hzs-15 using both polyclonal and monoclonal antibody screening. the gene was located within a pstl-sall fragment of the hzs-15 genome spanning from 96.5 to 97.3 m.u. sequencing analyses revealed a long open reading frame of 927 nucleotides that predicted a protein of 37 kda in size. immunoblot analyses using the monoclo ... | 1993 | 8517018 |
| immunologically unrelated heliothis sp. and spodoptera sp. midgut membrane-proteins bind bacillus thuringiensis cryia(b) delta-endotoxin. | the bacillus thuringiensis toxins, cryia(a), cryia(b), cryia(c) and cryic were used in a ligand-blot assay to detect specific toxin-binding proteins in the brush-border membranes of heliothis virescens, helicoverpa zea, spodoptera littoralis, spodoptera exigua and spodoptera litura. while cryia(a) and cryia(b) always recognize the same protein(s) in a given species, cryia(c) and cryic were found to bind to other proteins. polyclonal antibodies directed against the cryia(b) binding protein of h. ... | 1993 | 8383036 |
| characterization of productive and non-productive acmnpv infection in selected insect cell lines. | we have investigated the process of productive and non-productive acmnpv infection in a variety of cultured insect cells including lines derived from spodoptera frugiperda (iplb-sf21), mamestra brassicae (ses-mabr-3), choristoneura fumiferana (iprl-cf-1), bombyx mori (bmn-4), lymantria dispar (iplb-ld652y), helicoverpa zea (hz1b3), and drosophila melanogaster (dm). in each cell line, we have examined viral utilization of an early, a late, and a very late promoter, the replication of viral dna an ... | 1993 | 8212569 |
| insecticidal activity of the cryiia protein from the nrd-12 isolate of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki expressed in escherichia coli and bacillus thuringiensis and in a leaf-colonizing strain of bacillus cereus. | a 4.0-kb bamhi-hindiii fragment encoding the cryiia operon from the nrd-12 isolate of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was cloned into escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequence of the 2.2-kb acci-hindiii fragment containing the nrd-12 cryiia gene was identical to the hd-1 and hd-263 cryiia gene sequences. expression of cryiia and subsequent purification of cryiia inclusion bodies resulted in a protein with insecticidal activity against heliothis virescens, trichoplusia ni, and culex quinqu ... | 1994 | 8161182 |
| isokotanins a-c: new bicoumarins from the sclerotia of aspergillus alliaceus. | three new bicoumarin metabolites, isokotanins a [1], b [2], and c [3], were isolated from the sclerotia of aspergillus alliaceus. isokotanin a is a regioisomer of the known bicoumarin kotanin [4]. the structures and spectral assignments for 1-3 were determined on the basis of selective inept, hmqc, and noesy nmr data, as well as by chemical interconversions. isokotanins b and c show activity against the corn earworm helicoverpa zea and the dried fruit bettle carpophilus hemipterus. the known com ... | 1994 | 8158157 |
| nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of a 7.3 kb region (map unit 47 to 52.5) of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus fragment ecori-c. | the nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of a 7297 bp region within the ecori-c fragment of autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) are presented. eight putative open reading frames were found and their respective amino acid sequences compared with a number of data libraries. orf 1227 corresponded with gp41 and its predicted protein sequence was found to be 55 amino acids longer at its c terminus than reported previously. moreover the main part of ... | 1994 | 8126447 |
| transposable elements in lepidoptera: hobo-like transposons in heliothis virescens and helicoverpa zea. | in the present study, a pcr-based approach was undertaken to determine if members of the hobo-like family of transposable elements were identifiable within the genomes of a number of diverse species, including heliothis virescens and helicoverpa zea. the amplified products derived from both h. virescens and h. zea were cloned and characterized. analysis of the dna sequence and the single open reading frame found within these fragments clearly demonstrates that these elements are closely related ... | 1994 | 8074652 |
| expression of beta-galactosidase and luciferase in insect cell lines infected with a recombinant acmnpv. | an acmnpv recombinant (ac-gal-luc) carrying the beta-galactosidase and luciferase genes under the control of the p10 and polyhedrin promoters, respectively, was used to study expression in nine insect cell lines. all acmnpv-permissive cell lines expressed both reporter genes with the coleopteran cell line, anthonomus grandis (age), producing the highest concentrations of beta-galactosidase (5.0 x 10(6) pg/ml) and luciferase (2.67 x 10(3) pg/ml). both enzymes were detected as early as 12 h postin ... | 1994 | 8069450 |
| ochrindoles a-d: new bis-indolyl benzenoids from the sclerotia of aspergillus ochraceus nrrl 3519. | four new prenylated bis-indolyl benzenoid metabolites (ochrindoles a-d; 1-4) were isolated from antiinsectan organic extracts of the sclerotia of aspergillus ochraceus (nrrl 3519). the structures of these compounds were determined primarily through hmbc, selective inept, and noesy experiments. these compounds displayed moderate activity in feeding assays against the corn earworm helicoverpa zea and the driedfruit beetle carpophilus hemipterus. compounds 1-4 also exhibited activity against gram-p ... | 1994 | 8064296 |
| interaction of trichoplusia ni granulosis virus-encoded enhancin with the midgut epithelium and peritrophic membrane of four lepidopteran insects. | enhancin, an infectivity-enhancing protein from trichoplusia ni granulosis virus (tngv) was tested for its ability to increase autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) infection in the larvae of four lepidopteran insects. enhancin increased the mortality of acmnpv infection in all the four insect species tested. peritrophic membrane (pm) assays showed altered protein profiles in pms treated with enhancin in all the four species. this supports the hypothesi ... | 1994 | 8046398 |
| nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene region of helicoverpa zea single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus: placement of the virus in lepidopteran nuclear polyhedrosis virus group ii. | the polyhedrin gene (polh) of helicoverpa zea single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (hzsnpv) was identified and shown by sequence analysis of the ecori i genomic fragment to encode a 246 amino acid polypeptide that has greater than 80% sequence identity to known polyhedrins. it is preceded by an at-rich region containing the conserved late promoter motif taag, which was identified as a transcription start point. downstream of polh there were several similarities in genome arrangement to ... | 1994 | 7964631 |
| synthetic pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide gene expressed in a baculovirus expression system. | a synthetic gene of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban) of corn earworm helicoverpa zea, with and without a signal sequence of the cuticle protein of drosophila melanogaster, was cloned behind the polyhedrin promoter of acmnpv. two recombinant baculoviruses were constructed and used to infect a number of insect cell lines including sf9 and 5b1-4. high pheromonotropic activity was consistently obtained from 5b1-4 cell culture that was infected with the recombinant baculoviru ... | 1995 | 7787841 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the gp41 gene of spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | the spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (sfmnpv) gp41 structural protein gene was located in the 1.9 kbp ecori-s fragment and sequenced. an open reading frame (orf) of 999 nucleotides was detected that encoded a protein of 332 amino acids. the gp41 gene transcript was detected after 12 h post-infection (p.i.) and remained detectable at 48 h p.i. two major mrnas, about 1.6 and 2.8 kb in length, were determined by northern blot analysis. primer extension analysis ... | 1995 | 7782772 |
| degradation of pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (pban) by hemolymph enzymes of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta, and the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea. | the tritium-labeled bis-norleucine analog of helicoverpa zea pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide ([3h]nlpban) was incubated in vitro with hemolymph from manduca sexta or h. zea adult females. the incubations resulted in the formation of several tritium-labeled degradation products. at a [3h]nlpban concentration of 0.9 microm the degradation proceeded at a very slow but physiologically plausible rate (2-10 fmol/min/microliters hemolymph). the primary [3h]nlpban degradation reaction in ... | 1995 | 7556579 |
| aflatoxin contamination of maize kernels before harvest. interaction of aspergillus flavus spores, corn earworm larvae and fungicide applications. | two maize (zea mays l.) hybrids with varying degrees of resistance to damage by corn earworm (cew) (heliothis zea boddie) were grown in iowa, georgia, and missouri. treatments included: introduction of aspergillus flavus link ex. fr. spores onto newly-emerged silks, application of a fungicide as an aqueous spray onto test ears during the first three weeks after flowering, infestation of ears with cew eggs, and combinations of these variables. cew larvae were collected from developing ears and ex ... | 1984 | 6738673 |
| minimum rates of insecticides on soybeans: mexican bean beetle, green clover worm, corn earworm and velvetbean caterpillar. | 2016 | 4857577 | |
| a larval specific lipoprotein: purification and characterization of a blue chromoprotein from heliothis zea. | the green color of the hemolymph of last instar larvae of the corn earworm, heliothis zea (boddie), is caused by the appearance of a blue chromoprotein. this protein (mr approximately 560,000) is composed of 4 subunits (mr approximately 150,000). it contains 8.4% lipid and has an equilibrium density of 1.26 g/ml. this protein is absent during all early larval stages, in pupae and in adult animals, but is a major hemolymph protein in 5th instar larvae. although its physiological function remains ... | 2013 | 3947340 |
| toxicity of selected tremorgenic mycotoxins and related compounds to spodoptera frugiperda and heliothis zea. | a series of tremorgenic mycotoxins and related compounds were tested for oral toxicity to the fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) and corn earworm (heliothis zea) by incorporation of materials into artificial diets and examining mortality and weights after 7 days. significant mortality to both insect species was caused with dihydroxyaflavinine and roseotoxin b, while significant mortality to h. zea was also caused by penitrem a at 25 ppm. after 7 days, weighs of larvae treated with 25 ppm peni ... | 1988 | 3209479 |
| toxic and antifeeding actions of melittin in the corn earworm, heliothis zea (boddie): comparisons to bee venom and the insecticides chlorpyriphos and cyromazine. | the acute and sublethal effects of melittin were compared to whole bee venom, chlorpyriphos and cyromazine injected into the corn earworm, heliothis zea (boddie). melittin had twice the toxicity of crude venom, but only 3% that of chlorpyriphos. melittin significantly reduced growth rate, diet consumption and food utilization efficiencies of fourth instar larvae. bee venom and insecticides reduced these parameters to a lesser extent. | 1987 | 2438811 |
| identification of putative insect brush border membrane-binding molecules specific to bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin by protein blot analysis. | binding sites for insecticidal toxins of bacillus thuringiensis are located in the brush border membranes of insect midguts. two approaches were used to investigate the interactions of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-73 cryia(c) toxin with brush border membrane vesicles from sensitive and naturally resistant insects: 125i-toxin-vesicle binding assays and protein blots probed with 125i-cryia(c) toxin. in bioassays, manduca sexta and heliothis virescens larvae were highly sensitive, helicoverp ... | 1991 | 1746942 |
| new diketopiperazine metabolites from the sclerotia of aspergillus ochraceus. | three new diketopiperazine-containing metabolites 1-3 have been isolated from the sclerotia of aspergillus ochraceus (nrrl 3519) by chromatography on sephadex lh-20 and reversed-phase hplc. the structures of these compounds were established using extensive high-field 1d and 2d nmr experiments. all three compounds cause moderate reduction in weight gain in assays against the lepidopteran crop pest helicoverpa zea. | 1992 | 1402958 |
| noninvolvement of beauvericin in the entomopathogenicity of beauveria bassiana. | development of a microbiological autobiographic assay procedure permitted a detailed investigation of the possible role of beauvericin (a toxic ionophoric antibiotic produced by beauveria bassiana) in the entomopathogenicity of b. bassiana against corn earworm (heliothis zea) larvae. analysis of spent media of b. bassiana and the hemolymph of infected and moribund larvae revealed that beauvericin was not present in a soluble form during the time that most (about 90%) larvae died of fungal infect ... | 1979 | 573587 |