Publications

ecological aspects of the free-living ticks (acari: ixodidae) on animal trails within atlantic rainforest in south-eastern brazil.	in a recent ecological study of the ticks on animal trails within an area of atlantic rainforest in south-eastern brazil, amblyomma aureolatum, a. brasiliense, a. incisum, a. ovale and haemaphysalis juxtakochi were found questing on the vegetation. most of the ticks recorded by a small, man-made dam on the forest border were a. dubitatum but a few a. brasiliense and a. cajennense, one a. incisum and one h. juxtakochi were also found. the seasonal activity of the ticks indicated that a. incisum a ...	2009	19173777
comments on controversial tick (acari: ixodida) species names and species described or resurrected from 2003 to 2008.	there are numerous discrepancies in recent published lists of the ticks of the world. here we review the controversial names, presenting evidence for or against their validity and excluding some altogether. we also address spelling errors and present a list of 17 species described or resurrected during the years 2003-2008. we consider the following 35 tick species names to be invalid: argas fischeri audouin, 1826, ornithodoros boliviensis kohls and clifford, 1964, ornithodoros steini (schulze, 1 ...	2009	19169832
transmission of cytauxzoon felis to a domestic cat by amblyomma americanum.	cytauxzoon felis was transmitted to a domestic cat by amblyomma americanum. the infection was produced by the bite of a. americanum adults that were acquisition fed as nymphs on a domestic cat that naturally survived infection of c. felis. fever, inappetence, depression, and lethargy were first noted 11 days post-infestation (dpi). pale mucus membranes, splenomegaly, icterus, and dyspnea were also observed during the course of the disease. the body temperature of the experimentally infected c. f ...	2009	19168288
experimental infection of capybaras hydrochoerus hydrochaeris by rickettsia rickettsii and evaluation of the transmission of the infection to ticks amblyomma cajennense.	the present study evaluated the infection of capybaras (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) by rickettsia rickettsii and their role as amplifier hosts for horizontal transmission of r. rickettsii to amblyomma cajennense ticks. two groups of two capybaras each were evaluated: on day 0, group 1 (g1) was infested by r. rickettsii-infected ticks, and group 2 (g2) was inoculated intraperitoneally with r. rickettsii. two additional groups were control groups, not exposed to r. rickettsii, being cg1 group the c ...	2009	19147293
efficacy of the new repellent bioud against three species of ixodid ticks.	bioud with the active ingredient 2-undecanone originally derived from wild tomato plants is a new repellent recently registered by the us epa. repellent efficacy of bioud (7.75% 2-undecanone) and deet (98.11%) was examined in the laboratory using a choice test between repellent-treated and control filter paper surfaces for amblyomma americanum, dermacentor variabilis, and ixodes scapularis. bioud provided greater repellency against a. americanum and i. scapularis than deet. no difference was fou ...	2009	19140016
biology and life cycle of amblyomma incisum (acari: ixodidae).	amblyomma incisum neumann is a major tick species in the atlantic forest of brazil. tapir is the main host for adult ticks and a high aggressiveness of nymphs to humans has been reported. in this work data on the biology and life cycle of this tick species is presented for the first time. it was shown that horse is a suitable host for a. incisum adults and rabbit for larvae and nymphs. it was also shown that a. incisum is a big tick species (mean engorged female weight of 1.96 g) with a long lif ...	2009	19130270
unique biological rhythm in the reproductive behaviour of female ticks of reptiles.	we report the discovery of a biological rhythm in the reproductive behaviour of the tick bothriocroton hydrosauri that was absent in amblyomma limbatum, a species that occurs on the same species of reptile host. female b. hydrosauri mated in autumn or winter delayed oviposition until the following spring, while there was no diapause in conspecific females mated in spring or early summer. initiation of ovipositional diapause in ticks is usually related to photoperiodic stimuli, but this was not t ...	2009	19126271
seasonal and spatial dynamics of ectoparasite infestation of a threatened reptile, the tuatara (sphenodon punctatus).	the conservation of threatened vertebrate species and their threatened parasites requires an understanding of the factors influencing their distribution and dynamics. this is particularly important for species maintained in conservation reserves at high densities, where increased contact among hosts could lead to increased rates of parasitism. the tuatara (sphenodon punctatus) (reptilia: sphenodontia) is a threatened reptile that persists at high densities in forests (approximately 2700 tuatara/ ...	2008	19120965
viral association with the elusive rickettsia of viper plague from ghana, west africa.	we previously reported a rickettsial heartwater-like disease in vipers from ghana that resembled heartwater in its gross lesions, was apparently transmitted by ticks (aponomma and amblyomma), and responded clinically favorably to early treatment with tetracycline. cell culture showed consistent cytopathic effects in bovine endothelial cells, viper cells, and mouse cells, and inhibition of cytopathic effect by tetracycline in vitro. a type d retrovirus was observed in vacuoles in all infected cel ...	2008	19120239
effect of amblyomma cajennense ticks on the immune response of balb/c mice and horses.	this work evaluated the effect of the amblyomma cajennense tick on the immune response of balb/c mice and on horse lymph node cell proliferation. we observed that mice do not develop resistance to nymphs of this tick species and that lymphocyte proliferation of this host is inhibited by tick saliva, nymphal extract, or infestations. horse lymph node cell proliferation is inhibited by tick saliva as well. mice lymphocytes under the effect of tick saliva, nymphal extract, or infestations display a ...	2008	19120218
guinea pigs develop cutaneous basophilia after repeated infestations by nymphs of the tick amblyomma triste.	this study investigated the development of resistance in guinea pigs to nymphs of amblyomma triste ticks after repeated infestations. guinea pigs were infested thrice, at 30-day intervals, with 30 nymphs of a. triste per animal per infestation. acquisition of resistance was evaluated by determining: nymph yielding rate, engorgement period, and weight. skin biopsies of tick bite sites were collected at 24, 48, and 96 h after tick attachment for inflammatory cell counts. engorged nymphs weighed 5. ...	2008	19120217
cutaneous basophilia in the resistance of goats to amblyomma cajennense nymphs after repeated infestations.	the acquisition of resistance in goats against amblyomma cajennense after repeated infestations and the role of inflammatory cells in this mechanism were investigated. ten naive goats aged 6 months were distributed into two groups: test (n= 5), infested thrice at 30-day intervals; and control (n= 5), infested once. nymphs (n= 115 per animal per infestation) were released inside alimentary chambers glued to the animal's dorsum and the following biological parameters were evaluated: yielding rate, ...	2008	19120216
field collection and genetic classification of tick-borne rickettsiae and rickettsiae-like pathogens from south texas: coxiella burnetii isolated from field-collected amblyomma cajennense.	we are reporting the first known isolation of the q-fever agent coxiella burnetii from field-collected cayenne ticks amblyomma cajennense in north america. q-fever affects a number of domestic ungulates where it can lead to abortion in sheep and goats. there is far less known about the disease's effects on wild species, primarily because of the tendency of the disease to self resolve and to provide long-term immunity to subsequent infections. the first recovery of c. burnetii in north america wa ...	2008	19120212
amblyomma variegatum ticks and heartwater on three caribbean islands.	amblyomma variegatum tick infestation, tick infection by ehrlichia ruminantium (er), and er genetic diversity were studied in the caribbean islands of guadeloupe, marie-galante, and antigua between 2003 and 2005. nested pcr for pcs20 was used to detect er, while er strains were characterized by sequencing or by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) profiles of map-1 pcr products. in 2003 in guadeloupe, the prevalence of tick-infested herds was 35.6%. in marie-galante 79.1% of herds in ...	2008	19120208
amblyomma americanum (l): tick macrophage migration inhibitory factor peptide immunization lengthens lone star tick feeding intervals in vivo.	immunizations of new zealand white rabbits with specific macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) tick peptide (pep) produced circulating anti-tick pep antibodies in the hosts. antibody titers of greater than 1:5000 to tick mif peptide were observed for crude sera from pep-immunized rabbits. pep- and bsa-vaccinated rabbits were infested with amblyomma americanum adults. feeding intervals, female weights, egg masses and percent egg hatch were measured for ticks feeding on control and immunize ...	2009	19111543
the use of a semiochemical bait to enhance exposure of amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) to metarhizium anisopliae (ascomycota: hypocreales).	experiments were conducted to explore the use of a semiochemical bait to enhance exposure of amblyomma variegatum fabricius (acari: ixodidae) to different formulations of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok. (ascomycota: hypocreales). initially, the relative efficacies of attraction-aggregation-attachment pheromone (aaap), made up of o-nitrophenol, methyl salicylate and nonanoic acid in the ratio 2:1:8, 1-octen-3-ol and butyric acid, were evaluated in an olfactomet ...	2009	19091474
survey of tick infestation in small ruminants of miesso district, west harergie, oromia region, ethiopia.	a survey was conducted to identify tick species and determine the prevalence of tick infestation in small ruminants of miesso district, west harergie zone. collection and identification of the ticks were undertaken from november 2007 to april 2008. all visible individual adult ticks were collected from the body of 328 goats and 40 sheep. the prevalence of tick infestation in goats and sheep was found to be 89.9% and 87.5%, respectively. in this study, ten species of ticks which grouped under fou ...	2009	19082757
comparative susceptibility of larval stages of amblyomma aureolatum, amblyomma cajennense, and rhipicephalus sanguineus to infection by rickettsia rickettsii.	the current study compared the susceptibility of larval stages of amblyomma cajennense (f.), amblyomma aureolatum (pallas), and rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) to infection by a brazilian strain of rickettsia rickettsii. guinea pigs experimentally infected by r. rickettsii were simultaneously infested by larvae of the three tick species. recovered engorged larvae were allowed to molt to nymphs and held in an incubator at 23 degrees c and 85-90% rh. subsequent flat nymphs were tested for ric ...	2008	19058642
role of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.), in human and animal diseases.	we reviewed scientific literature pertaining to known and putative disease agents associated with the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum. reports in the literature concerning the role of the lone star tick in the transmission of pathogens of human and animal diseases have sometimes been unclear and even contradictory. this overview has indicated that a. americanum is involved in the ecology of several disease agents of humans and other animals, and the role of this tick as a vector of these di ...	2009	19054615
molecular detection of ehrlichia chaffeensis in amblyomma parvum ticks, argentina.		2008	19046533
rickettsia parkeri in argentina.	clinical reports of an eschar-associated rickettsiosis in the paraná river delta of argentina prompted an evaluation of amblyomma triste ticks in this region. when evaluated by pcr, 17 (7.6%) of 223 questing adult a. triste ticks, collected from 2 sites in the lower paraná river delta, contained dna of rickettsia parkeri.	2008	19046514
fat body cells of amblyomma cajennense partially engorged females (acari: ixodidae) and their role on vitellogenesis process.	during the process of arthropoda reproduction, the synthesis and uptake of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids by oocytes is termed vitellogenesis. these compounds that will make up the yolk may be in ticks endogenously synthesized by the oocytes and/or exogenously produced by the fat body and pedicel cells. this study examined the fat body of amblyomma cajennense ticks at the cytochemical ultrastructural level to demonstrate the presence of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in trophocytes. the ...	2009	19041306
defining the immune response to ehrlichia species using murine models.	pathogenic bacteria belonging to the family anaplasmataceae include species of the genera ehrlichia and anaplasma. ehrlichia chaffeensis, first known as the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, also infects several vertebrate hosts including white-tailed deer, dogs, coyotes and goats. e. chaffeensis is transmitted from the bite of an infected hard tick, such as amblyomma americanum. e. chaffeensis and other tick-transmitted pathogens have adapted to both the tick and vertebrate host ...	2008	19028013
rickettsial spotted fever in capoeirão village, itabira, minas gerais, brazil.	the present study investigated the infection by spotted fever rickettsia in an endemic area for brazilian spotted fever (bsf; caused by rickettsia rickettsii) in minas gerais state, brazil. human, canine and equine sera samples, and amblyomma cajennense adult ticks collected in a rural area of itabira city, minas gerais state were tested for rickettsial infection. through immunofluorescence assay (ifa) we demonstrated the presence of antibodies anti-r. rickettsii in 8.2%, 81.3% and 100% of the h ...	2008	18949349
experimental infection of opossums didelphis aurita by rickettsia rickettsii and evaluation of the transmission of the infection to ticks amblyomma cajennense.	the present study evaluated the infection of opossums (didelphis aurita) by rickettsia rickettsii and their role as amplifier hosts for horizontal transmission of r. rickettsii to amblyomma cajennense ticks. three groups of opossums were evaluated: on day 0, group 1 (g1) was inoculated intraperitoneally with r. rickettsii; group 2 (g2) was infested by r. rickettsii-infected ticks; and group 3 (g3) was the uninfected control group. opossum rectal temperature was measured daily. blood samples were ...	2008	18945194
molecular and biological characterization of the amblyomma americanum organic anion transporter polypeptide.	the organic anion transporting polypeptides (oatps in rodents and other organism; oatps in human) are na(+)-independent transporters that shuttle a wide range of endogenous and xenobotic amphipathic compounds across plasma membranes. we previously discovered an amblyomma americanum tick (aam) oatp cdna among genes that were upregulated or induced in ticks that were stimulated to start feeding. in this study, we have characterized a 2860 bp full-length cdna that encode a 724 amino acid putative p ...	2008	18931313
new epidemiological data on brazilian spotted fever in an endemic area of the state of são paulo, brazil.	the present work evaluated rickettsial infection in dogs and their ticks in an area endemic for brazilian spotted fever (bsf) in the metropolitan area of são paulo, brazil, where the tick amblyomma aureolatum was presumed to be the vector of the disease. ticks were collected on dogs from 185 houses, encompassing single infestations by rhipicephalus sanguineus, amblyomma aureolatum, amblyomma longirostre, or amblyomma sp. in dogs from 60 (32.4%), 77 (41.6%), 2 (1.1%), and 25 (13.5%) houses, respe ...	2008	18847319
the impact of rna interference of the subolesin and voraxin genes in male amblyomma hebraeum (acari: ixodidae) on female engorgement and oviposition.	reducing or replacing the use of chemical pesticides for tick control is a desirable goal. the most promising approach would be to develop vaccines that protect hosts against tick infestation. antigens suitable for the development of anti-tick vaccines will likely be those essential for vital physiological processes, and in particular those directly involved in feeding and reproduction. in this study genes from amblyomma hebraeum koch that encode for subolesin and voraxin were studied in male ti ...	2009	18830675
exotic grass invasion reduces survival of amblyomma americanum and dermacentor variabilis ticks (acari: ixodidae).	exotic plants often invade areas of high human activity, such as along trails, roads, and forest edges, and in disturbed riparian areas. these same habitat types are also favored by ticks. this convergence suggests that habitat modifications caused by exotic plant invasions may mediate disease vector habitat quality, indirectly affecting human disease risk at the local spatial scale. we tested the hypothesis that experimental invasions of japanese stiltgrass, microstegium vimineum (trin.) a. cam ...	2008	18826028
rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis and its clinical distinction from rocky mountain spotted fever.	rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis, a recently identified spotted fever transmitted by the gulf coast tick (amblyomma maculatum), was first described in 2004. we summarize the clinical and epidemiological features of 12 patients in the united states with confirmed or probable disease attributable to r. parkeri and comment on distinctions between r. parkeri rickettsiosis and other united states rickettsioses.	2008	18808353
laboratory maintenance of ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia canis and recovery of organisms for molecular biology and proteomics studies.	tick-borne illnesses are emerging as a major concern for human health in recent years. these include the human monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by the amblyomma americanum tick-transmitted bacterium, ehrlichia chaffeensis; human ewingii ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichia ewingii (also transmitted by a. americanum ticks); and human granulocytic anaplasmosis caused by the ixodes scapularis tick-transmitted pathogen, anaplasma phagocytophilum. likewise, tick-borne rickettsial pathogens are also a major ...	2008	18770537
canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis vogeli in rural areas of the state of minas gerais, brazil and factors associated with its seroprevalence.	this epidemiological survey on canine babesiosis was carried out in three distinct rural regions (lavras, belo horizonte and nanuque) of the state of minas gerais, brazil. ticks and blood samples were collected during a dry season (lavras, n=92; belo horizonte, n=50; nanuque, n=102) and the subsequent rainy season (lavras, n=71; belo horizonte, n=28; nanuque, n=66) from dogs living on farms. plasma samples were analyzed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test for detection of anti-babesia cani ...	2009	18723199
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting wild birds in an atlantic forest area in the state of são paulo, brazil, with isolation of rickettsia from the tick amblyomma longirostre.	during field work in nazaré paulista, state of são paulo, brazil, we found 13 (56.5%) of 23 birds (mostly passeriformes) to be infested by 28 larvae and 1 nymph of amblyomma spp. two larvae were reared to the adult stage, being taxonomically identified as amblyomma parkeri fonseca and aragio, whereas five larvae and one nymph were identified as amblyomma longirostre koch. all six a. longirostre specimens were shown to be infected by rickettsia, as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ...	2008	18714882
molecular and morphological description of a hepatozoon species in reptiles and their ticks in the northern territory, australia.	ticks, representing 3 species of amblyomma, were collected from the water python (liasis fuscus) and 3 additional reptile species in the northern territory, australia, and tested for the presence of hepatozoon sp., the most common blood parasites of snakes. in addition, blood smears were collected from 5 reptiles, including the water python, and examined for the presence of the parasite. hepatozoon sp. dna was detected in all tick and reptile species, with 57.7% of tick samples (n = 187) and 35. ...	2009	18710299
the effects of vegetation density and habitat disturbance on the spatial distribution of ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae).	larval, nymphal, and adult amblyomma americanum (l.), and adult dermacentor variabilis (say) ticks were collected using timed dragging techniques, in an attempt to examine how different habitat variables affect models that describe the distribution of ticks in virginia, usa. tick count data were modeled using two approaches: (i) habitat and edge, and (ii) habitat, edge, vegetation density and levels of disturbance. nymphs and adults tended to follow a forest edge distribution when analysed by ha ...	2008	18686272
morphological changes in the salivary glands of amblyomma cajennense females (acari: ixodidae) in different feeding stages on rabbits at first infestation.	this study examined salivary glands of unfed, partially engorged, and engorged females of the tick amblyomma cajennense on rabbits at first infestation using histological and histochemical techniques. in type i acini, no significant changes were observed among the three feeding conditions. in type ii acini of unfed females, c1, c2, and c4 cells were described for the first time in this species. in a comparison among the three feeding conditions, an increase in this acinus was observed, due to th ...	2008	18685958
identification of residual blood proteins in ticks by mass spectrometry proteomics.	mass spectrometry-based proteomics of individual ticks demonstrated persistence of mammalian host blood components, including alpha- and beta-globin chains, histones, and mitochondrial enzymes, in ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum ticks for months after molting. residual host proteins may identify sources of infection for ticks.	2008	18680654
acute dermatitis caused by amblyomma variegatum larvae on chickens.	acute dermatitis caused by amblyomma variegatum larvae infestation was observed in adult local nigerian chickens. skin lesions containing numerous a. variegatum larvae were observed on gross examination. histopathology showed skin haemorrhages, larvae, necrosis and infiltration of eosinophils. it was suspected that the free range life of the birds could have predisposed them to the infestation.	1990	18679988
effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone and haemolymph on oogenesis in the ixodid tick amblyomma hebraeum.	earlier work from our laboratory indicated that injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) into non-vitellogenic female amblyomma hebraeum ticks stimulates the synthesis of vitellogenin (vg), but not its uptake into oocytes [friesen, k., kaufman, w.r., 2004. effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone and other hormones on egg development, and identification of a vitellin-binding protein in the ovary of the tick, amblyomma hebraeum. journal of insect physiology 50, 519-529]. in contrast, thompson et al. [thompson, ...	2008	18634796
permeability of tarsal sensilla in the tick amblyomma americanum l. (acarina, ixodidae).	ticks were submerged in silver-protein solution, prior to fixation for electron microscopy, in order to trace the pathway of molecules in supposed tarsal chemoreceptors. sensilla with radially arranged cuticular canals (100-200 a in diameter) leading to the centrally located dendrites show silver granules inside the canals and in the central lumen, thus directly making contact with the dendrites. sensilla with large, plugged pores (1200 a) exhibit an accumulation of silver granules in the pore o ...	1972	18631584
aspects of the life cycle of amblyomma parvum (acari: ixodidae) under natural conditions.	monthly samplings of the rodent galea musteloides (caviidae) were carried out from january 2005 to december 2006 in quilino, córdoba province, argentina, to determine the seasonal distribution of immature stages of amblyomma parvum. in the same locality, cattle and goats were also monthly examined to asses the seasonality of the females of this species. engorged ticks collected on their natural hosts were maintained in the laboratory at 25 degrees c and 83-86% relative humidity to study biologic ...	2008	18620813
failure of ivermectin and eprinomectin to control amblyomma parvum in goats: characterization of acaricidal activity and drug pharmacokinetic disposition.	the therapeutic efficacies of ivermectin (subcutaneous injection) and eprinomectin (topical treatment) given at two different dosage levels to goats naturally infested with amblyomma parvum were assessed. treatments included subcutaneous injection of ivermectin at 0.2 and 0.4mg/kg and extra-label pour-on administration of eprinomectin at 0.5 and 1mg/kgb.w. ivermectin and eprinomectin failed to control amblyomma parvum on goats. treatment with ivermectin resulted in a low number of engorged femal ...	2008	18584966
distribution, hosts, 16s rdna sequences and phylogenetic position of the neotropical tick amblyomma parvum (acari: ixodidae).	the hosts, distribution, intraspecific genetic variation and phylogenetic position of amblyomma parvum (acari: ixodidae) have recently been re-assessed. data on this tick's hosts and distribution were obtained not only from existing literature but also from unpublished records. sequences of the ticks' mitochondrial 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) were used to evaluate genetic variation among specimens of a. parvum from different localities in argentina and brazil, and to explore the phylogenetic relati ...	2008	18577332
reliminary survey of ticks (acari: ixodidae) on cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan.	in a preliminary survey conducted in 2005, the species composition and seasonality of ticks infesting cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan was determined. three locations were selected (gumbo, khor rumla and nyaing) and surveyed every 3 months. two cattle herds in each of the three locations were visited four times during the study period. total body collections of ticks were made from each of five cattle (nilotic zebu breed) kept in six different herds. four tick genera and ten spe ...	2008	18575063
amblyomma triste koch, 1844 (acari: ixodidae): hosts and seasonality of the vector of rickettsia parkeri in uruguay.	amblyomma triste koch, 1844, the tick species most frequently involved in human bites in uruguay, has been implicated as a vector of human rickettsiosis. seasonal abundance of adult a. triste was examined by standard flagging at three sites where human tick bites and cases of the disease have been reported. adult tick activity occurred from august to february (end of winter to mid summer in the southern hemisphere) with a peak in spring. activity declined in step with decreasing temperatures and ...	2008	18565680
ticks, amblyomma rotundatum (acari: ixodidae), on toads, chaunus schneideri and chaunus granulosus (anura: bufonidae), in northern argentina.	this communication provides notes on 2 species of toads, chaunus schneideri and chaunus granulosus, infested with ixodid ticks, amblyomma rotundatum, from the provinces of corrientes and formosa in northern argentina. chaunus schneideri is a new amphibian host record for a. rotundatum, a species previously reported to parasitize other anurans and also reptiles. we examined 74 ticks on 5 toads. all ticks were a. rotundatum; all adults were females, and all developmental stages were randomly attac ...	2008	18564766
[amblyomma tigrinum in the municipality of lages, sc, and biology observations under laboratory conditions].	to study the biological features of amblyomma tigrinum, samples of engorged females collected from dogs in the city of lages, sc, brazil, were maintained in petri dishes into an incubator at 27+/-1 degrees c and 80+/-10% rh, for egg laying. for the development of the subsequent experimental phases, artificial infestations were performed in rabbits using the technique of the cotton bag glued to the ear's base. the mean period of hatch, feeding and larval molt were 11.67, 5.93 and 10.96 days, resp ...	2008	18554444
identification of two genes essential for sperm development in the male tick amblyomma hebraeum koch (acari: ixodidae).	in most ticks of the family ixodidae, gonad maturation and spermatogenesis are stimulated by the taking of a blood meal. previous work from this laboratory identified 35 genes that are up-regulated by feeding [weiss, b.l., stepczynski, j.m., wong, p., kaufman, w.r., 2002. identification and characterization of genes differentially expressed in the testis/vas deferens of the fed male tick, amblyomma hebraeum. insect biochemistry and molecular biology 32, 785-793]. the functions of most of these g ...	2008	18549958
intracellular infection of tick cell lines by the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae.	several fungal pathogens are able to enter and persist within eukaryotic cells as part of their infectious life cycle. metarhizium anisopliae is a saprophytic entomopathogenic fungus virulent towards numerous tick species, including those within the genera ixodes and amblyomma. infection of the target organism by this fungus proceeds via several steps, including adhesion and penetration of the host cuticle, proliferation within tissues and the haemolymph, and eventual eruption through the host c ...	2008	18524924
conjunctival attachment of a tick: clinicopathologic report of a case.	attachment by ticks to ocular surfaces is uncommon, but has been reported. the objective of this article is to describe a case of conjunctival tick attachment and a method for removal by conjunctival excision. a 39-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a complaint of foreign-body sensation in his right eye. he was found to have a live tick embedded in his conjunctiva. the tick was removed en bloc with surrounding conjunctiva by an ophthalmologist. the arthropod was identified a ...	2011	18514466
a quantitative real-time pcr assay for ehrlichia ruminantium using pcs20.	heartwater is a tick borne disease that affects ruminants and wild animals in africa south of the sahara. it is caused by ehrlichia ruminantium and transmitted by the tick amblyomma hebraeum. the protocols currently used to detect heartwater take several days to complete. here, we describe the development of a pcs20 quantitative real-time pcr taqman probe assay to detect e. ruminantium in livestock blood and ticks from the field. the assay is based on the conserved pcs20 gene region of e. rumina ...	2008	18511221
immunomodulatory arsenal of nymphal ticks.	ticks have developed their own immunomodulatory mechanisms to inhibit the host inflammatory response. one of them involves the ability to subvert the cytokine network at the site of tick feeding by secreting cytokine binding molecules. most studies have focused on the immunomodulatory prowess of adult female ticks. here we describe anti-cytokine activity in salivary gland extracts (sges) prepared from 2-day-fed nymphs of dermacentor reticulatus fabricius, ixodes ricinus l., rhipicephalus appendi ...	2008	18498617
twelve-hour duration testing of cream formulations of three repellents against amblyomma americanum.	the repellent efficacies of the u.s. military repellent 33% n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet), 10% and 20% (1s, 2's) 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (ss220) and 10% and 20% 1-methyl-propyl-2-(hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate (bayrepel) cream formulations on human volunteers against the lone star tick amblyomma americanum (l.) were evaluated in a simulated forest floor environment over a 12-h testing period. at 2-h intervals, volunteers, with repellent applied in a 5-cm-wi ...	2008	18498614
failure by engorged stages of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum, to react to assembly pheromone, guanine and uric acid.	response to tick-exposed filter paper discs (tick excreta) by fed and non-fed stages of the lone star tick amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae) was examined from larva to adult. by contrast with engorged stages, each non-fed stage exhibited a classic arrestment response to assembly pheromone, characterized by lack of movement, retraction of legs and formation of small groups; this response was seen in approximately 75% of ticks that made contact with pheromone-treated surfaces. less prono ...	2008	18498612
neuropeptide discovery in ixodoidea: an in silico investigation using publicly accessible expressed sequence tags.	the ixodoidea (ticks) are important vectors in the transmission of many human diseases; for example, the blacklegged tick ixodes scapularis is the major vector in the transmission of lyme disease, the most frequently reported vector-borne illness in the united states. the development of expressed sequence tags (ests) for ixodoidean cdna libraries, and their public deposition, has generated a rich resource for protein discovery in members of this taxon, thereby providing an opportunity for better ...	2008	18495123
[parasites of the central american tapir tapirus bairdii (perissodactyla: tapiridae) in chiapas, mexico].	we analyzed 19 samples of baird's tapir feces from la sepultura biosphere reserve, collected between march and july 1999. we also took samples directly from a male tapir captured at the montes azules biosphere reserve. both reserves are in chiapas, mexico. we used five techniques: flotation, macmaster, micrometric, ritchie's sedimentation and ferreira's quantitative. in addition, we collected ectoparasites from animals captured in both reserves and from a captive couple from tuxtla gutierrez, ch ...	2006	18494314
spatial distribution and impact of cattle-raising on ticks in the pantanal region of brazil by using the co(2) tick trap.	this study evaluates the impact of cattle-raising on ticks associated with wildlife in the pantanal region of brazil, by trapping free-living ticks using a co(2) tick trap. the traps were equally distributed in two areas: a 600-ha protected area (pa) and the nhumirim ranch (nr). both areas are contiguous and located at the sub-region of nhecolândia (18 degrees 59's; 56 degrees 39'w), pantanal, brazil. in each area, four habitat types were selected: cerrado (tropical savanna), forest patches, lak ...	2008	18454288
distribution and population dynamics of ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting sheep in sennar state, sudan.	a cross-sectional survey of ticks infesting sheep was conducted in sennar state, sudan. a total body collection of ticks was carried out at five localities sennar town, singa, dinder, abu naama and um banein on two types of desert sheep (watish and ashgar) on two farms at each locality at two monthly intervals for one year starting july 2002 to may 2003. four tick genera and eight species were identified. they were amblyomma lepidum, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, hyalomma truncatum, rhipicepha ...	2007	18453239
stari, or masters disease: lone star tick-vectored lyme-like illness.	lyme-like illness (also known as southern tick-associated rash illness [stari] or masters disease) is vectored by the lone star tick (amblyomma americanum). lyme-like illness lesions, which are similar to the erythema migrans rash of lyme disease, tend to have lymphocytic dermal infiltrates. with the exception of borrelia lonestari, the possible causative agent or agents of lyme-like illness have not been cultured. more research is needed to fully understand this newly recognized zoonosis. clini ...	2008	18452807
tick-borne diseases in north carolina: is "rickettsia amblyommii" a possible cause of rickettsiosis reported as rocky mountain spotted fever?	cases of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) in north carolina have escalated markedly since 2000. in 2005, we identified a county in the piedmont region with high case numbers of rmsf. we collected ticks and examined them for bacterial pathogens using molecular methods to determine if a novel tick vector or spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr) might be emerging. amblyomma americanum, the lone star tick, comprised 99.6% of 6,502 specimens collected in suburban landscapes. in contrast, dermacen ...	2008	18447622
molecular detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks from ethiopia and chad.	dna extracted from 363 ticks collected in ethiopia and 9 ticks collected in chad, africa were screened by pcr to detect dna from spotted fever group rickettsiae. fifteen ticks (4.1%) collected in ethiopia and one tick (11%) collected in chad tested positive when pcr targeting the glta and ompa rickettsial genes was performed. pcr-positive products of the glta and ompa genes were used for dna sequencing. rickettsia africae was detected in 12/118 amblyomma lepidum and in 1/2 a. variegatum. also, 2 ...	2008	18440576
natural and experimental infection of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from the united states with an ehrlichia sp. closely related to ehrlichia ruminantium.	an ehrlichia sp. (panola mountain [pm] ehrlichia sp.) closely related to ehrlichia ruminantium was recently detected in a domestic goat experimentally infested with lone star ticks (lsts, amblyomma americanum) collected from georgia, usa. the infected goat exhibited pyrexia and mild clinical pathologic abnormalities consistent with ehrlichiosis. at least two other ehrlichia species (ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii) are maintained in nature by a cycle involving lsts as the primary vec ...	2008	18436670
geographic distribution and genetic diversity of the ehrlichia sp. from panola mountain in amblyomma americanum.	a novel ehrlichia, closely related to ehrlichia ruminantium, was recently discovered from panola mountain state park, ga, usa. we conducted a study to determine if this agent was recently introduced into the united states.	2008	18433500
experimental and field studies on the suitability of raccoons (procyon lotor) as hosts for tick-borne pathogens.	we investigated the experimental susceptibility and natural exposure of raccoons (procyon lotor) to five tick-borne pathogens of human and veterinary importance, ehrlichia canis, e. chaffeensis, e. ewingii, anaplasma phagocytophilum (apvariant 1 and ap-ha hge-1 strains), and borrelia lonestari. infections were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) testing, and/or culture isolation methods for at least 30 days postinoculation (dpi). two e. chaffeensis-in ...	2008	18429696
the tick fauna of sulawesi, indonesia (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae and ixodidae).	twenty-six species of ticks are reported from the island of sulawesi (celebes), indonesia. these include two species of soft ticks (argasidae), carios batuensis and c. vespertilionis, and the following 24 species of hard ticks (ixodidae): amblyomma babirussae, a. breviscutatum, a. cordiferum, a. fimbriatum, a. helvolum, a. testudinarium, a. trimaculatum, a. varanense, dermacentor atrosignatus, d. steini, haemaphysalis celebensis, h. hystricis, h. kadarsani, h. papuana, h. psalistos, h. renschi, ...	2008	18427937
human perception and awareness of ticks in a south australian rural community and implications for management of amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum.	the ornate kangaroo tick, amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum, is invasive on yorke peninsula, south australia. to assess the potential for developing comprehensive management strategies for the species, we mailed 1,000 surveys to yorke peninsula residents to investigate community perceptions of ticks, gather information on tick-host ecology, and assess whether or not occupation and length of residence affected whether residents had seen ticks. the response rate was 32%; most respondents (63%) had ...	2008	18427936
molecular identification of rickettsia felis in ticks and fleas from an endemic area for brazilian spotted fever.	rickettsioses are arthropod-borne diseases caused by parasites from the order rickettsiales. the most prevalent rickettsial disease in brazil is brazilian spotted fever (bsf). this work intends the molecular detection of those agents in ectoparasites from an endemic area of bsf in the state of espírito santo. a total of 502 ectoparasites, among them amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma dubitatum (a. cooperi), riphicephalus sanguineus, anocentor nitens and ctenocephalides felis, was collected from dom ...	2008	18425272
amblyomma variegatum in cattle in marie galante, french antilles: prevalence, control measures, and infection by ehrlichia ruminantium.	we report marie galante as one of the caribbean islands most heavily infested by the tropical bont tick (tbt) amblyomma variegatum which is associated with two major diseases of ruminants: heartwater and dermatophilosis. in 2005, a survey was undertaken to assess the prevalence of tbt infestation in cattle, the prevalence of ehrlichia ruminantium infection in tbts, and the tick control measures implemented by livestock owners. a random sample of 195 cattle herds out of 1885 recorded on the islan ...	2008	18406061
characterization of rickettsial infection in amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.	several species of the spotted fever group rickettsia (sfgr), with considerable variation in vertebrate host pathogenicity, are present in ticks in the united states. in this study, quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) was used to characterize the growth and the distribution of rickettsia amblyommii in selected tissues (salivary glands, gut, and ovaries) of naturally infected amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae), during bloodmeal acquisition and throughout vertical transmission to eggs and p ...	2008	18402143
a novel sine family occurs frequently in both genomic dna and transcribed sequences in ixodid ticks of the arthropod sub-phylum chelicerata.	reassociation kinetics and flow cytometry data indicate that ixodid tick genomes are large, relative to most arthropods, containing>or=10(9) base pairs. the molecular basis for this is unknown. we have identified a novel small interspersed element with features of a trna-derived sine, designated ruka, in genomic sequences of rhipicephalus appendiculatus and boophilus (rhipicephalus) microplus ticks. the sine was also identified in expressed sequence tag (est) databases derived from several tissu ...	2008	18394826
rocky mountain spotted fever in argentina.	we describe the first molecular confirmation of rickettsia rickettsii, the cause of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), from a tick vector, amblyomma cajennense, and from a cluster of fatal spotted fever cases in argentina. questing a. cajennense ticks were collected at or near sites of presumed or confirmed cases of spotted fever rickettsiosis in jujuy province and evaluated by polymerase chain reaction assays for spotted fever group rickettsiae. dna of r. rickettsii was amplified from a pool ...	2008	18385370
[the first report of amblyomma fuscum neumann, 1907 (acari ixodidae) on the lizard tupinambis teguixin (l.) at the municipality of glorinha, state of rio grande do sul, brazil].	amblyomma fuscum known only from brazil has been described as a rare tick species with few reports of its occurrence in south and southeast region. this is a new records this tick species (9 females) parasitizing lizard (tupinambis teguixin) at the municipality of glorinha, state of rio grande do sul. the females were deposited in the tick collection of veterinary research institute desiderio finamor (7 specimens), eldorado do sul, rs and in the acari collection from instituto butantan, são paul ...	2007	18373904
[strategic control of amblyomma cajennense (fabricius, 1787) (acari: ixodidae) on horses, minas gerais, brazil - part i].	the aim of this study was to verify the efficiency of a strategic control program of amblyomma cajennense in horses under field conditions. acaricide treatments were applied at seven days intervals and divided in two series, the first one beginning in april 2004 (eight treatments), and the second one beginning in july 2004 (five treatments), aiming to control larvae and nymphs of the tick. a pyrethroid chemical base cypermethrin 0.015% was used for spraying the horses. there was a reduction of 4 ...	2007	18373899
[effect of the strategic control of amblyomma cajennense (fabricius, 1787) (acari: ixodidae) on the population of anocentor nitens (neumann, 1897) (acari: ixodidae) in equines].	the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the amblyomma cajennense strategic control program on the anocentor nitens population. the acaricide treatments were carried out every seven days and divided in two series, the first one beginning in april 2004 (eight treatments) and the second beginning in july of the same year (five treatments), using pyrethroid chemical base - cypermethrin in the concentration of 0,015%. monthly it was evaluated the infestation of a. nitens in the ear ...	2007	18373898
more about the role of 2,6-dichlorophenol in tick courtship: identification and olfactometer bioassay in amblyomma cajennense and rhipicephalus sanguineus.	this study aimed to identify 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-dcp) in amblyomma cajennense and to evaluate its role in a. cajennense and rhipicephalus sanguineus courtship. hexanic extract from attractive females was purified by solid phase extraction and the phenol was identified by the single ion monitoring method using gc/ms. in an olfactometer, the responses of a. cajennense and r. sanguineus males to females, control rubber septa or rubber septa impregnated with 2,6-dcp at 50, 500, and 5000 ng, resp ...	2008	18368237
two usa ehrlichia spp. cause febrile illness in goats.	ehrlichia spp. are not currently recognized as a cause of illness in goats in the usa, but three ehrlichia are enzootic in lone star ticks (amblyomma americanum) in the eastern usa, and related bacteria in other countries cause illness in goats. we exposed naïve goats to ehrlichia-infected amblyomma and demonstrated that infection and clinical illness can be caused by two usa species, e. ewingii and the recently discovered panola mountain ehrlichia sp. clinical features in all five goats are des ...	2008	18328644
rickettsial infection in capybaras (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from são paulo, brazil: serological evidence for infection by rickettsia bellii and rickettsia parkeri.	in brazil, capybaras (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are important hosts for amblyomma ticks, which in turn can transmit rickettsiae to humans and animals. therefore, capybaras are potential sentinels for rickettsial infection.	2007	18320102
hyperparasitism in amblyomma rotundatum (acari: ixodidae).	in the present study, we report a case of hyperparasitism in amblyomma rotundatum. during examination of live ticks immediately after collecting them from boa constrictor snakes held in a reptile facility in mossoró, rn, northeastern brazil, 1 unengorged tick female was seen attached to the venter of a partially engorged female. the hypostome and chelicerae of the unengorged female had penetrated the integument of the partially engorged female to the level of the basis capitulli and the palps we ...	2007	18314708
detection of two bartonella tamiae-like sequences in amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) using 16s-23s intergenic spacer region-specific primers.	four hundred and sixty-six questing amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae) from carolina county, va, and 98 questing a. americanum from chatham county, nc, were screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the bartonella 16s-23s intergenic spacer region. two amplicons, approximately 270-280 bp, were detected in two ticks from virginia. based upon pcr and sequencing, an adult male and adult female tick harbored dna sequences closely related to bartonella tamiae (dq395180). bartonella dna ...	2008	18283962
serosurvey of rickettsia spp. in dogs and humans from an endemic area for brazilian spotted fever in the state of são paulo, brazil.	the present study provides a rickettsial serosurvey in 25 dogs and 35 humans in an endemic area for brazilian spotted fever in the state of são paulo, where the tick amblyomma aureolatum is the main vector. testing canine and human sera by indirect immunofluorescence against four rickettsia antigens (r. rickettsii, r. parkeri, r. felis and r. bellii) showed that 16 (64%) of canine sera and 1 (2.8%) of human sera reacted to at least one of these rickettsial antigens with titers >0r= 64. seven can ...	2008	18278271
expressed sequence tags (ests) from the salivary glands of the tick amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae).	the neotropical tick amblyomma cajennense is a significant pest to domestic animals, the most frequently human-biting tick in south america and the main vector of brazilian spotted fever (caused by rickettsia rickettsii), a deadly human disease. the purpose of this study is to characterize the adult a. cajennense salivary gland transcriptome by expressed sequence tags (ests). we report the analysis of 1754 clones obtained from a cdna library, which reveal mainly transcripts related to proteins i ...	2008	18243270
natural and experimental infection of the lizard ameiva ameiva with hemolivia stellata (adeleina: haemogregarinidae) of the toad bufo marinus.	developmental stages of a haemogregarine in erythrocytes of the lizard ameiva ameiva (teiidae), from pará state, north brazil, were shown to be those of hemolivia by the nature of the parasite's sporogonic cycle in the tick amblyomma rotondatum. the type species, hemolivia stellata petit et al., 1990 was described in the giant toad bufo marinus and the tick amblyomma rotondatum, also from pará state, and in view of the fact that a. ameiva and bufo marinus share the same habitat and are both comm ...	2007	18225421
new morphological data on fat bodies of semi-engorged females of amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae).	the present ultramorphological, histological and ultrastructural study on the fat body of semi-engorged females of amblyomma cajennense revealed that this tissue is diffuse and consists of strands of cells surrounding the tracheal trunks. morphometric analysis showed that the cellular and nuclear areas of round-shaped trophocytes are larger than those of cuboidal trophocytes, indicating that the arrangement of the former provides more contact area with the haemolymph. in this species, the fat bo ...	2008	18215525
rickettsia parkeri in brazil.	we report finding rickettsia parkeri in brazil in 9.7% of amblyomma triste ticks examined. an r. parkeri isolate was successfully established in vero cell culture. molecular characterization of the agent was performed by dna sequencing of portions of the rickettsial genes glta, htra, ompa, and ompb.	2007	18214195
bothriocroton oudemansi (neumann, 1910) n. comb. (acari: ixodida: ixodidae), an ectoparasite of the western long-beaked echidna in papua new guinea: redescription of the male and first description of the female and nymph.	specimens of amblyomma oudemansi (neumann, 1910) were collected in papua new guinea from an endangered monotreme, zaglossus bruijni (peters & doria), the western long-beaked echidna. these ticks were compared morphologically and molecularly with species formerly assigned to aponomma neumann, 1899 (now included in bothriocroton keirans, king, & sharrad, 1994 or amblyomma koch, 1844), and a phylogeny was generated. based on our results, we reassign this tick to bothriocroton, as b. oudemansi (neum ...	2008	18210218
biological aspects of amblyomma brasiliense (acari: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions.	although amblyomma brasiliense aragão 1908 has been reported as one of the most aggressive ticks to humans in brazil, information about the biology of this tick species is virtually inexistent. this work reports data on the life cycle of a. brasiliense fed on rabbits and pigs and maintained in an incubator at 20 degrees c, 90% rh and 12 h of light for off-host development. tick yield of adult females fed on pigs and rabbits was 81.2% and 58.3%, respectively. females fed on pigs had mean engorgem ...	2008	18188669
molecular and parasitological survey of hepatozoon canis (apicomplexa: hepatozoidae) in dogs from rural area of sao paulo state, brazil.	hepatozoon canis is a protozoan that infects dogs and is transmitted by the ingestion of the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. two distinct species of hepatozoon genus can infect dogs, h. canis and h. americanum. routine tests to detect the disease are based on direct examination of gametocytes on giemsa-stained blood smears. the objectives of this study were the investigation of infection prevalence in rural area dogs, the comparison of diagnostics by blood smear examination and polymer ...	2008	18188597
rickettsia amblyommii infecting amblyomma americanum larvae.	polymerase chain reaction analysis of amblyomma americanum adults, nymphs, and larvae from aberdeen proving ground, md (apg), revealed a very high prevalence of a spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and sequence analysis identified "rickettsia amblyommii." this organism is not yet described or well studied, and its pathogenicity is unknown; however, investigations of the organism are warranted because of its high prevalence in a. americanum. this ...	2008	18171102
experimental transmission of q fever by amblyomma cajennese.		1949	18141391
rickettsia infection in five areas of the state of são paulo, brazil.	this study investigated rickettsial infection in animals, humans, ticks, and fleas collected in five areas of the state of são paulo. eight flea species (adoratopsylla antiquorum antiquorum, ctenocephalides felis felis, polygenis atopus, polygenis rimatus, polygenis roberti roberti, polygenis tripus, rhopalopsyllus lugubris, and rhopalopsyllus lutzi lutzi), and five tick species (amblyomma aureolatum, amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma dubitatum, ixodes loricatus, and rhipicephalus sanguineus) were ...	2007	18094887
climate changes and suitability for the ticks amblyomma hebraeum and amblyomma variegatum (ixodidae) in zimbabwe (1974-1999).	the spread of amblyomma hebraeum has been reported in zimbabwe. at the same time there was little or no spread in the distribution of amblyomma variegatum. this paper examines the climatic cycles and their trends in the period 1974-1999 with a view to explaining the abiotic causes of this spread, and of forecasting the likely tendency in climate suitability for both tick species. an annual data-set of rainfall and air temperature was used as a source for climate, together with a habitat-modeling ...	2008	18083309
[ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected in the natural reserve of the vale do rio doce, linhares, state of espírito santo].	we confirm, after decades without new registers, the occurrence of the ticks amblyomma obolongoguttatum koch, 1844, a. brasiliense aragão, 1908, and a. humerale koch, 1844 in the state of espírito santo, brazil, besides the first record of a. naponense (packard, 1869) in this state.	2007	18078608
detection of alpha and gamma-proteobacteria in amblyomma triste (acari: ixodidae) from uruguay.	amblyomma triste is the most prevalent tick species reported in human tick bites in uruguay and has been found to be infected with rickettsia parkeri, but no other microorganisms have been reported from this tick. a sample of 254 adults of a. triste was collected by flagging on vegetation in suburban areas in southern uruguay. pools of five ticks were assembled and a screening for the dna from the resulting 51 pools was realized by pcr assays using primers for amplifying a fragment of 16s rrna g ...	2008	18071910
detection of rickettsia amblyommii in association with a tick bite rash.	in the summer of 2006, an amblyomma americanum tick was removed from a woman in central north carolina, who subsequently developed a rash at the site of tick attachment. when examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for borrelia, anaplasma, ehrlichia, babesia, rickettsia, and bartonella dna, only the rickettsia primers generated an amplicon, which was identified as "r. amblyommii" by sequencing. to our knowledge, this is the first case in which r. amblyommii was temporally associated with a r ...	2007	18052716
cattle ticks of the genera rhipicephalus and amblyomma of economic importance in tanzania: distribution assessed with gis based on an extensive field survey.	in order to implement a robust integrated tick and tick-borne disease control programme in tanzania, based on ecological and epidemiological knowledge of ticks and their associated diseases, a national tick and sero-surveillance study was carried out in all 21 regions of the mainland, as well as on mafia island, between 1998 and 2001. the current distributions of rhipicephalus appendiculatus, r. pravus, amblyomma variegatum, a. gemma, and a. lepidum are illustrated and discussed. tick distributi ...	2007	18044004
serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of two ixodid tick species.	immunocytochemistry was used to describe the distribution of serotonin-like immunoreactive (5ht-ir) neurons and neuronal processes in the central nervous system (cns), the synganglion, of two ixodid tick species; the winter tick, dermacentor albipictus and the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum. 5ht-ir neurons were identified in the synganglion of both tick species. d. albipictus had a significantly higher number of 5ht-ir neurons than a. americanum. the labeling pattern and number of 5ht-ir n ...	2007	18040871
redescription of amblyomma varium koch, 1844 (acari: ixodidae) based on light and scanning electron microscopy.	amblyomma varium koch, 1844 is a neotropical tick, known as the 'sloth's giant tick', with records from southern central america to argentina. it is found almost exclusively on mammals of the families bradypodidae and magalonychidae (xenarthra). differences exist in discussions with regard to the dentition of the female hypostome being either 3/3 or 4/4. the male was also originally described as having a short spur on coxa iv, but some specimens recently collected from different brazilian locali ...	2008	18038200
molecular cloning of the ecdysone receptor and the retinoid x receptor from the scorpion liocheles australasiae.	cdnas of the ecdysone receptor and the retinoid x receptor were cloned from the japanese scorpion liocheles australasiae, and the amino acid sequences were deduced. the full-length cdna sequences of the l. australasiae ecdysone receptor and the l. australasiae retinoid x receptor were 2881 and 1977 bp in length, respectively, and the open reading frames encoded proteins of 560 and 414 amino acids. the amino acid sequence of the l. australasiae ecdysone receptor was similar to that of the ecdyson ...	2007	18028192
african tick bite fever--papulovesicular exanthem with fever after staying in south africa.	in the wake of expanding international tourism, rickettsioses are increasingly observed also in central europe. african tick bite fever is a recently described, acute febrile illness with characteristic skin lesions. it is caused by rickettsia africae, which is transmitted to humans by ticks of the amblyomma genus. a 60-year-old woman presented with a papulovesic-ular exanthem, fever, and headache after returning from south africa. a purple nodule with central necrosis ("tache noire"or "inoculat ...	2008	18021248
ticks and associated pathogens collected from domestic animals in the netherlands.	following an outbreak of autochthonous canine babesiosis in the netherlands, a request made to veterinarians and the public to collect ticks from companion animals resulted in 4298 ticks submitted between july 2005 and october 2006 to our center. ticks were identified as ixodes ricinus adults (2907/4298, 67.6%), ixodes sp. nymphs (529/4298, 12.3%) and ixodes sp. larvae (385/4298, 9.0%), i. hexagonus adults (328/4298, 7.6%), dermacentor reticulatus (72/4298, 1.7%), and several other exotic tick s ...	2007	17979540