Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| ixodes ricinus and its endosymbiont midichloria mitochondrii: a comparative proteomic analysis of salivary glands and ovaries. | hard ticks are hematophagous arthropods that act as vectors of numerous pathogenic microorganisms of high relevance in human and veterinary medicine. ixodes ricinus is one of the most important tick species in europe, due to its role of vector of pathogenic bacteria such as borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum, of viruses such as tick borne encephalitis virus and of protozoans as babesia spp. in addition to these pathogens, i. ricinus harbors a symbiotic bacterium, midichloria mito ... | 2015 | 26398775 |
| endectocide activity of a pour-on formulation containing 1.5 per cent ivermectin +0.5 per cent abamectin in cattle. | the present work aimed to evaluate, through ten different studies, the therapeutic efficacy of a new pour-on formulation, containing 1.5 per cent ivermectin +0.5 per cent abamectin, against parasites of cattle. results obtained on trials against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus showed that the pour-on combination of 1.5 per cent ivermectin +0.5 per cent abamectin obtained superior efficacy indexes against this ectoparasite, when compared with formulations containing 0.5 per cent ivermectin, 1 ... | 2015 | 26392893 |
| a pcr-rflp assay targeting rps8 gene for the discrimination between bovine babesia and theileria species in china. | bovine babesiosis and theileriosis is an important hemoprotozoal disease in cattles and yaks in tropical and subtropical regions leading to significant economic losses. in the field, the risk of co-infection between the bovine babesia and theileria species is very high. thus, it is necessary to develop a simple, accurate, rapid and cost-effective method for large-scale epidemic investigation, in particular for the detection of co-infection in field. | 2015 | 26382041 |
| treatment of livestock with systemic insecticides for control of anopheles arabiensis in western kenya. | despite the implementation of vector control strategies, including insecticide-treated bed nets (itn) and indoor residual spraying (irs) in western kenya, this area still experiences high level of malaria transmission. novel vector control tools are required which target such vector species, such as anopheles arabiensis, that feed outdoors and have minimal contact with itns and irs. | 2015 | 26377691 |
| veterinary homeopathy: systematic review of medical conditions studied by randomised trials controlled by other than placebo. | no systematic review has previously been carried out on randomised controlled trials (rcts) of veterinary homeopathy in which the control group was an intervention other than placebo (otp). for eligible peer-reviewed rcts, the objectives of this study were to assess the risk of bias (rob) and to quantify the effect size of homeopathic intervention compared with an active comparator or with no treatment. | 2015 | 26371366 |
| acaricidal properties of vetiver essential oil from chrysopogon zizanioides (poaceae) against the tick species amblyomma cajennense and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | ticks are arthropods widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, which can transmit infectious agents also responsible for zoonoses. excessive use of conventional acaricides has resulted in the onset of drug resistance by these parasites, thus the need to use alternative methods for their control. this study evaluated the acaricidal activities of chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) essential oils containing different zizanoic and khuzimol (high and low acidity) acid concentrations on a ... | 2015 | 26359641 |
| detection of acaricidal resistance in hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum from banaskantha district, gujarat. | the resistance status in hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum collected from banaskantha district, gujarat (india) was estimated by larval packet test (lpt) with different concentrations of amitraz (125, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 ppm) and cypermethrin (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm). the regression graphs of mean mortality of larvae ticks were plotted against values of progressively increasing concentrations of amitraz and cypermethrin for the estimation of lc95 values and were determined as 1,529.39 a ... | 2013 | 26345072 |
| prevalence of ixodid ticks in dairy animals of jammu region. | to determine the prevalence of ticks, 960 bovines (cattle 480, buffaloes 480) were examined from organised and unorganised dairy units of jammu district during march 2012 to february 2013. the overall infestation rate was found to be 42.18 %. the infestation rate in cattle was found to be 47.08 % while 37.29 % of examined buffaloes were infested with ixodid ticks. among the ixodid ticks, only one species i.e. rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus was recorded. a significantly (p < 0.05) higher pre ... | 2013 | 26345044 |
| a broad-range survey of ticks from livestock in northern xinjiang: changes in tick distribution and the isolation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. | borreliosis is highly prevalent in xinjiang uygur autonomous region, china. however, little is known about the presence of borrelia pathogens in tick species in this region, in addition borrelia pathogens have not been isolated from domestic animals. | 2015 | 26337627 |
| use of ivermectin as endoparasiticide in tropical cattle herds generates resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes and the tick rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the objective of the present study was to determine simultaneously the status of resistance against ivermectin (ivm) in gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) and rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini, 1888) ticks in 12 cattle farms where ivm was used for the control of gin in the mexican tropics. six farms had frequent use of ivm (≥ 4 times per year) and six farms had low frequency of ivm use (1-2 times per year). the fecal egg count reduction test and the larval immersion test were used to determine t ... | 2015 | 26336306 |
| loss of in vitro efficacy of topical commercial acaricides on rhipicephalus microplus (ixodida: ixodidae) from antioquian farms, colombia. | in antioquia, the problems to control rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini, 1888) tick infestations have spread and ranchers claim conventional treatments are no longer effective. in this study, the in vitro efficacy of commercial topical products was tested with ticks obtained from two dairy farms in antioquia with severe repeated infestations. about 800 engorged ticks were collected directly from animals in two separate visits at the beginning and end of the same month. the adult immersion test ... | 2015 | 26336268 |
| nanoparticles as potential new generation broad spectrum antimicrobial agents. | the rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains to conventional antimicrobial agents has complicated and prolonged infection treatment and increased mortality risk globally. furthermore, some of the conventional antimicrobial agents are unable to cross certain cell membranes thus, restricting treatment of intracellular pathogens. therefore, the disease-causing-organisms tend to persist in these cells. however, the emergence of nanoparticle (np) technology has come with the promising broad ... | 2015 | 26329777 |
| resistance status of ticks (acari; ixodidae) to amitraz and cypermethrin acaricides in isoka district, zambia. | this study was designed to obtain data on the farmer's approach to tick control and to determine whether rhipicephalus appendiculatus neuman, amblyomma variegatum (fabricius), and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) were resistant to amitraz and cypermethrin acaricides, in isoka district, zambia. prevailing tick control practices were documented by administering a semi-structured questionnaire to 80 randomly selected smallholder livestock farmers from four agricultural camps (longwe ... | 2015 | 26310511 |
| identification and evaluation of vaccine candidate antigens from the poultry red mite (dermanyssus gallinae). | an aqueous extract of the haematophagous poultry ectoparasite, dermanyssus gallinae, was subfractionated using anion exchange chromatography. six of these subfractions were used to immunise hens and the blood from these hens was fed, in vitro, to poultry red mites. mite mortality following these feeds was indicative of protective antigens in two of the subfractions, with the risks of mites dying being 3.1 and 3.7 times higher than in the control group (p<0.001). a combination of two-dimensional ... | 2015 | 26296690 |
| the control of sea lice in atlantic salmon by selective breeding. | sea lice threaten the welfare of farmed atlantic salmon and the sustainability of fish farming across the world. chemical treatments are the major method of control but drug resistance means that alternatives are urgently needed. selective breeding can be a cheap and effective alternative. here, we combine experimental trials and diagnostics to provide a practical protocol for quantifying resistance to sea lice. we then combined quantitative genetics with epidemiological modelling to make the fi ... | 2015 | 26289656 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in humans in a rural area of paraná state, brazil. | this study describes the detection of borrelia garinii and borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) in brazilian individuals using pcr and dna sequencing. our results suggest that these species are emerging pathogens in this country, and additional studies are necessary to determine the epidemiological characteristics of this disease in brazil. | 2015 | 26273276 |
| in vitro acaricidal properties of semecarpus anacardium fruit and datura stramonium leaf extracts against acaricide susceptible (ivri-i line) and resistant (ivri-v line) rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | in an attempt to identify plants having anti-tick properties, the 95% ethanolic and 50% hydro-ethanolic extracts of the fruits of semecarpus anacardium and leaves of datura stramonium were evaluated against reference tick lines of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the 95% ethanolic extracts of s. anacardium and d. stramonium caused 50% and 20% mortality, respectively, within 72 h of treatment by adult immersion test. the lc90 value of the ethanolic fruit extract of s. anacardium was determine ... | 2015 | 26267092 |
| atp binding cassette transporter mediates both heme and pesticide detoxification in tick midgut cells. | in ticks, the digestion of blood occurs intracellularly and proteolytic digestion of hemoglobin takes place in a dedicated type of lysosome, the digest vesicle, followed by transfer of the heme moiety of hemoglobin to a specialized organelle that accumulates large heme aggregates, called hemosomes. in the present work, we studied the uptake of fluorescent metalloporphyrins, used as heme analogs, and amitraz, one of the most regularly used acaricides to control cattle tick infestations, by rhipic ... | 2015 | 26258982 |
| deltamethrin resistance in field populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) in jammu and kashmir, india. | detection of resistance levels against deltamethrin in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from six districts of jammu and kashmir (india) was carried out using the adult immersion test. the regression graphs of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log values of concentration of drug were utilised for the determination of slope of mortality, lethal concentration for 50% (lc50), 95% (lc95) and resistance factor (rf). on the basis of the data generated on mortality, egg mass weight, ... | 2015 | 26255278 |
| low temperature affects cattle tick reproduction but does not lead to transovarial transmission of anaplasma marginale. | anaplasma marginale is an obligate intracellular pathogen that infects the erythrocytes of calves, causing bovine anaplasmosis. this rickettsia is biologically transmitted by several species of ticks. in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, rhipicephalus microplus is the main vector. due to their mobility and longevity, the adult males play an important role in the transmission of a. marginale to calves. some studies have demonstrated that a. marginale can be intrastadially and interst ... | 2015 | 26255094 |
| distribution of endemic and introduced tick species in free state province, south africa. | the distributions of endemic tick vector species as well as the presence of species not endemic to free state province, south africa, were determined during surveys or opportunistic collections from livestock, wildlife and vegetation. amongst endemic ticks, the presence of rhipicephalus appendiculatus was confirmed in the north of the province, whilst rhipicephalus decoloratus was collected at 31 localities mostly in the centre and east, and ixodes rubicundus at 11 localities in the south, south ... | 2015 | 26244582 |
| molecular signatures of reduced nerve toxicity by cecl3 in phoxim-exposed silkworm brains. | cecl3 can reduce the damage caused by op pesticides, in this study we used the brain of silkworms to investigate the mechanism of cecl3 effects on pesticide resistance. the results showed that phoxim treatments led to brain damages, swelling and death of neurons, chromatin condensation, and mitochondrial damage. normal nerve conduction was severely affected by phoxim treatments, as revealed by: increases in the contents of neurotransmitters glu, no, and ach by 63.65%, 61.14%, and 98.54%, respect ... | 2015 | 26227613 |
| bacterial membranes enhance the immunogenicity and protective capacity of the surface exposed tick subolesin-anaplasma marginale msp1a chimeric antigen. | ticks are vectors of diseases that affect humans and animals worldwide. tick vaccines have been proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally sound alternative for tick control. recently, the rhipicephalus microplus subolesin (sub)-anaplasma marginale msp1a chimeric antigen was produced in escherichia coli as membrane-bound and exposed protein and used to protect vaccinated cattle against tick infestations. in this research, lipidomics and proteomics characterization of the e. coli membrane-b ... | 2015 | 26219233 |
| molecular characterization of anaplasma marginale in ticks naturally feeding on buffaloes. | anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent pathogen transmitted by ticks in cattle in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. however, the tick species involved in the transmission of a. marginale in buffaloes in brazil have not been identified. the objective of the present study was to determine the presence of a. marginale in ticks parasitizing water buffaloes. a total of 200 samples of rhipicephalus microplus, dermacentor nitens, amblyomma cajennense, and amblyomma maculatum were collec ... | 2015 | 26209411 |
| in vitro cultivation and cryopreservation of babesia bigemina sporokinetes in hemocytes of rhipicephalus microplus. | cultures of tick hemocytes represent alternative cell lines for the isolation and cultivation of a variety of hemoparasites. the present study reports the development and evaluation of methods for the in vitro culture and maintenance of sporokinetes of babesia bigemina in association with hemocytes of the tick rhipicephalus microplus. hemolymph, from engorged females infected with b. bigemina sporokinetes, was incubated at 28 °c in l15 culture medium supplemented with 40% fetal bovine serum. adh ... | 2015 | 26198431 |
| modulation of host immunity by tick saliva. | next generation sequencing and proteomics have helped to comprehensively characterize gene expression in tick salivary glands at both the transcriptome and the proteome level. functional data are, however, lacking. given that tick salivary secretions are critical to the success of the tick transmission lifecycle and, as a consequence, for host colonization by the pathogens they spread, we thoroughly review here the literature on the known interactions between tick saliva (or tick salivary gland ... | 2015 | 26189360 |
| transgene expression in tick cells using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | ticks transmit infectious agents to humans and other animals. genetic manipulation of vectors like ticks could enhance the development of alternative disease control strategies. transgene expression using the phytopathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens has been shown to promote the genetic modification of non-plant cells. in the present work we developed t-dna constructs for a. tumefaciens to mediate transgene expression in hela cells as well as rhipicephalus microplus tick cells. translational fusi ... | 2015 | 26188857 |
| nuclease tudor-sn is involved in tick dsrna-mediated rna interference and feeding but not in defense against flaviviral or anaplasma phagocytophilum rickettsial infection. | tudor staphylococcal nuclease (tudor-sn) and argonaute (ago) are conserved components of the basic rna interference (rnai) machinery with a variety of functions including immune response and gene regulation. the rnai machinery has been characterized in tick vectors of human and animal diseases but information is not available on the role of tudor-sn in tick rnai and other cellular processes. our hypothesis is that tick tudor-sn is part of the rnai machinery and may be involved in innate immune r ... | 2015 | 26186700 |
| prevalence and molecular heterogeneity of bartonella bovis in cattle and haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks in peninsular malaysia. | bartonellosis is an emerging zoonotic infection responsible for a variety of clinical syndromes in humans and animals. members of the genus bartonella exhibit high degrees of genetic diversity and ecologic plasticity. the infection is usually transmitted to animals and humans through blood-feeding arthropod vectors such as fleas, lice, ticks and sandflies. this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of bartonella species in 184 beef cattle, 40 dairy cattle, 40 sheep and 40 goats in ei ... | 2015 | 26179499 |
| snp analysis infers that recombination is involved in the evolution of amitraz resistance in rhipicephalus microplus. | rhipicephalus microplus, better known as the asiatic cattle tick, is a largely invasive ectoparasite of great economic importance due to the negative effect it has on agricultural livestock on a global scale, particularly cattle. tick-borne diseases (babesiosis and anaplasmosis) transmitted by r. microplus are alarming as they decrease the quality of livestock health and production. in sub-saharan africa, cattle represent a major source of meat and milk, but this region of the world is severely ... | 2015 | 26158272 |
| transcriptomic analysis of musca domestica to reveal key genes of the prophenoloxidase-activating system. | the propo system regulates melanization in arthropods. however, the genes that are involved in the propo system in housefly musca domestica remain unclear. thus, this study analyzed the combined transcriptome obtained from m. domestica larvae, pupae, and adults that were either normal or bacteria-challenged by an escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus mixture. a total of 54,821,138 clean reads (4.93 gb) were yielded by illumina sequencing, which were de novo assembled into 89,842 unigenes. o ... | 2015 | 26156588 |
| bmvdac upregulation in the midgut of rhipicephalus microplus, during infection with babesia bigemina. | the molecular mechanisms involved during the infection of rhipicephalus microplus midgut cells by babesia bigemina are of great relevance and currently unknown. in a previous study, we found a voltage-dependent anion channel (vdac)-like protein (bmvdac) that may participate during parasite invasion of midgut cells. in this work, we investigated bmvdac expression at both mrna and protein levels and examined bmvdac localization in midgut cells of ticks infected with b. bigemina at different times ... | 2015 | 26141408 |
| survey of acaricides resistance status of rhipiciphalus (boophilus) microplus collected from selected places of bihar, an eastern state of india. | monitoring acaricide resistance in field ticks and use of suitable managemental practices are essential for controlling tick populations infesting animals. in the present study, the acaricide resistance status in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks infesting cattle and buffaloes of five districts located in the eastern indian state, bihar were characterized using three data sets (ait, biochemical assays and gene sequences). adult immersion test (ait) was adopted using seven field isolates ... | 2015 | 26117183 |
| the mitochondrial genome of a texas outbreak strain of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, derived from whole genome sequencing pacific biosciences and illumina reads. | the cattle fever tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is one of the most significant medical veterinary pests in the world, vectoring several serious livestock diseases negatively impacting agricultural economies of tropical and subtropical countries around the world. in our study, we assembled the complete r. microplus mitochondrial genome from illumina and pac bio sequencing reads obtained from the ongoing r. microplus (deutsch strain from texas, usa) genome sequencing project. we compare ... | 2015 | 26117172 |
| characterisation of dermanyssus gallinae glutathione s-transferases and their potential as acaricide detoxification proteins. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) facilitate detoxification of drugs by catalysing the conjugation of the reduced glutathione (gsh) to electrophilic xenobiotic substrates and therefore have a function in multi-drug resistance. as a result, knowledge of gsts can inform both drug resistance in, and novel interventions for, the control of endo- and ectoparasite species. acaricide resistance and the need for novel control methods are both pressing needs for dermanyssus gallinae, a highly economicall ... | 2015 | 26112960 |
| inhibition of the endosymbiont "candidatus midichloria mitochondrii" during 16s rrna gene profiling reveals potential pathogens in ixodes ticks from australia. | the australian paralysis tick (ixodes holocyclus) is of significant medical and veterinary importance as a cause of dermatological and neurological disease, yet there is currently limited information about the bacterial communities harboured by these ticks and the risk of infectious disease transmission to humans and domestic animals. ongoing controversy about the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (the aetiological agent of lyme disease) in australia increases the need to accurately id ... | 2015 | 26108374 |
| molecular characterisation of the tick rhipicephalus microplus in malaysia: new insights into the cryptic diversity and distinct genetic assemblages throughout the world. | the morphotaxonomy of rhipicephalus microplus complex has been challenged in the last few years and prompted many biologists to adopt a dna-based method for distinguishing the members of this group. in the present study, we used a mitochondrial dna analysis to characterise the genetic assemblages, population structure and dispersal pattern of r. microplus from southeast asia, the region where the species originated. | 2015 | 26104478 |
| saliva from nymph and adult females of haemaphysalis longicornis: a proteomic study. | haemaphysalis longicornis is a major vector of theileria spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia spp. and coxiella burnetti in east asian countries. all life stages of ixodid ticks have a destructive pool-feeding style in which they create a pool-feeding site by lacerating host tissue and secreting a variety of biologically active compounds that allows the tick to evade host responses, enabling the uptake of a blood meal. the identification and functional characterization of tick saliva protein ... | 2015 | 26104117 |
| in vitro effect of the ethanolic extract of tephrosia vogelii on rhipicephalus sanguineus in abomey-calavi. | ticks are vectors of several diseases, of which many are zoonosis transmissible to humans. the use of tephrosia leafs' extract as a low cost acaricide is spreading among farmers in central kenya. | 0 | 26101758 |
| transmembrane proteins--mining the cattle tick transcriptome. | managing the spread and load of pathogen-transmitting ticks is an important task worldwide. the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, not only impacts the economy through losses in dairy and meat production, but also raises concerns for human health in regards to the potential of certain transmitted pathogens becoming zoonotic. however, novel strategies to control r. microplus are hindered by lack of understanding tick biology and the discovery of suitable vaccine or acaricide targets. the impor ... | 2015 | 26096851 |
| the role of dmcatd, a cathepsin d-like peptidase, and acid phosphatase in the process of follicular atresia in dipetalogaster maxima (hemiptera: reduviidae), a vector of chagas' disease. | in this work, we have investigated the involvement of dmcatd, a cathepsin d-like peptidase, and acid phosphatase in the process of follicular atresia of dipetalogaster maxima, a hematophagous insect vector of chagas' disease. for the studies, fat bodies, ovaries and hemolymph were sampled from anautogenous females at representative days of the reproductive cycle: pre-vitellogenesis, vitellogenesis as well as early and late atresia. real time pcr (qpcr) and western blot assays showed that dmcatd ... | 2015 | 26091289 |
| non-invasive delivery of dsrna into de-waxed tick eggs by electroporation. | rna interference-mediated gene silencing was shown to be an efficient tool for validation of targets that may become anti-tick vaccine components. here, we demonstrate the application of this approach in the validation of components of molecular signaling cascades, such as the protein kinase b (akt)/glycogen synthase kinase (gsk) axis during tick embryogenesis. it was shown that heptane and hypochlorite treatment of tick eggs can remove wax, affecting corium integrity and but not embryo developm ... | 2015 | 26091260 |
| a virulent babesia bovis strain failed to infect white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | wildlife are an important component in the vector-host-pathogen triangle of livestock diseases, as they maintain biological vectors that transmit pathogens and can serve as reservoirs for such infectious pathogens. babesia bovis is a tick-borne pathogen, vectored by cattle fever ticks, rhipicephalus spp., that can cause up to 90% mortality in naive adult cattle. while cattle are the primary host for cattle fever ticks, wild and exotic ungulates, including white-tailed deer (wtd), are known to be ... | 2015 | 26083429 |
| in vitro acaricidal activity of ethanolic and aqueous floral extracts of calendula officinalis against synthetic pyrethroid resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | detection of resistance levels against deltamethrin and cypermethrin in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from jammu (india) was carried out using larval packet test (lpt). the results showed the presence of resistance level ii and i against deltamethrin and cypermethrin, respectively. adult immersion test (ait) and lpt were used to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of ethanolic and aqueous floral extracts of calendula officinalis against synthetic pyrethroid resistant adults and larvae ... | 2015 | 26071101 |
| serological and molecular diagnostic surveys combined with examining hematological profiles suggests increased levels of infection and hematological response of cattle to babesiosis infections compared to native buffaloes in egypt. | babesiosis threatens the development of the cattle and buffaloes industries in egypt and improved control is needed. the main objectives of this study are surveying the presence of bovine babesiosis in distinct selected bovine and buffalo populations in egypt using novel molecular and previously validated serological methods, while also comparing the occurrence of hematological alterations among babesia infected cattle and buffalos. | 2015 | 26062684 |
| the venomous cocktail of the vampire snail colubraria reticulata (mollusca, gastropoda). | hematophagy arose independently multiple times during metazoan evolution, with several lineages of vampire animals particularly diversified in invertebrates. however, the biochemistry of hematophagy has been studied in a few species of direct medical interest and is still underdeveloped in most invertebrates, as in general is the study of venom toxins. in cone snails, leeches, arthropods and snakes, the strong target specificity of venom toxins uniquely aligns them to industrial and academic pur ... | 2015 | 26054852 |
| acaricidal activity of thymol against larvae of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) under semi-natural conditions. | this is the first study to investigate the activity of thymol on rhipicephalus microplus larvae under semi-natural conditions. for this purpose, tests were conducted in pots with brachiaria decumbens seedlings containing cattle tick larvae. thymol, diluted in ethanol 50° gl, was tested at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 mg/ml, along with the control group treated with the solvent alone. each treatment was composed of five pots (1 pot = a repetition). the experiment was performed ... | 2015 | 26040843 |
| distinctive genome reduction rates revealed by genomic analyses of two coxiella-like endosymbionts in ticks. | genome reduction is a hallmark of symbiotic genomes, and the rate and patterns of gene loss associated with this process have been investigated in several different symbiotic systems. however, in long-term host-associated coevolving symbiont clades, the genome size differences between strains are normally quite small and hence patterns of large-scale genome reduction can only be inferred from distant relatives. here we present the complete genome of a coxiella-like symbiont from rhipicephalus tu ... | 2015 | 26025560 |
| ixodicide activity of eysenhardtia polystachya against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal effect of 2 compounds extracted from eysenhardtia polystachya in vitro, namely coatlines and matlalines. each extract was obtained by aqueous extraction in a nitrogen atmosphere. engorged adult females of an amitraz-resistant strain of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus were used to produce larvae and to carry out the adult immersion test (ait), while larvae were assayed using the larval packet test (lpt). after exposure to coatlines or ... | 2015 | 26020221 |
| tick-borne diseases of bovines in pakistan: major scope for future research and improved control. | ticks and tick-borne diseases (tbds) affect the productivity of bovines in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, leading to a significant adverse impact on the livelihoods of resource-poor farming communities. globally, four main tbds, namely anaplasmosis, babesiosis, theileriosis, and cowdriosis (heartwater) affect bovines, and the former three are of major economic importance in bovines in pakistan. given that the livestock sector has become an integral part of pakistan's economy and ... | 2015 | 25994588 |
| reduced efficacy of commercial acaricides against populations of resistant cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus from two municipalities of antioquia, colombia. | two distant antioquian cattle farms where systemic and topical acaricides had previously failed to control infestations by rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus were studied. an initial in vivo study was conducted using single subcutaneous injections with a long-acting formulation of ivermectin (630 μg/kg). injections were made at 3-month intervals on animals at each farm to evaluate the therapeutic and persistent efficacy of ivermectin against r. microplus. body tick counts and reproductive param ... | 2015 | 25987840 |
| acaricidal activity of extracts from the leaves and aerial parts of neoglaziovia variegata (bromeliaceae) on the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | this experiment was carried out to study the bioacaricidal activity of neoglaziovia variegata against engorged females of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the mortality and fecundity of groups of engorged adult females exposed to different concentrations of ethanol, hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts obtained from the leaves and aerial parts of n. variegata were evaluated, using three treatments with concentrations of 5, 10 e 25 mg/ml; two controls (distilled water and distilled ... | 2015 | 25979315 |
| the recent evolution of a maternally-inherited endosymbiont of ticks led to the emergence of the q fever pathogen, coxiella burnetii. | q fever is a highly infectious disease with a worldwide distribution. its causative agent, the intracellular bacterium coxiella burnetii, infects a variety of vertebrate species, including humans. its evolutionary origin remains almost entirely unknown and uncertainty persists regarding the identity and lifestyle of its ancestors. a few tick species were recently found to harbor maternally-inherited coxiella-like organisms engaged in symbiotic interactions, but their relationships to the q fever ... | 2015 | 25978383 |
| deep sequencing analysis of the ixodes ricinus haemocytome. | ixodes ricinus is the main tick vector of the microbes that cause lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis in europe. pathogens transmitted by ticks have to overcome innate immunity barriers present in tick tissues, including midgut, salivary glands epithelia and the hemocoel. molecularly, invertebrate immunity is initiated when pathogen recognition molecules trigger serum or cellular signalling cascades leading to the production of antimicrobials, pathogen opsonization and phagocytosis. we pres ... | 2015 | 25970599 |
| high efficacy of a 20 amino acid peptide of the acidic ribosomal protein p0 against the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus. | current strategies to control cattle ticks use integrated control programs (icp) that include vaccination. reduction in the use of chemicals and in the cost of tick control, the delay or elimination of acaricide resistance and the decreasing of environmental pollution are the advantages of using these programs. this integrated program is potentially applicable to all genotypes of chemical resistant ticks. however, the problem here is to improve the efficacy of anti-tick vaccines. the p0 protein ... | 2015 | 25958782 |
| pharmacological characterization of a tyramine receptor from the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the southern cattle tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) is a hematophagous external parasite that vectors the causative agents of bovine babesiosis or cattle tick fever, babesia bovis and b. bigemina, and anaplasmosis, anaplasma marginale. the southern cattle tick is a threat to the livestock industry in many locations throughout the world. control methods include the use of chemical acaricides including amitraz, a formamidine insecticide, which is proposed to activate octopamine receptor ... | 2015 | 25958152 |
| conserved amblyomma americanum tick serpin19, an inhibitor of blood clotting factors xa and xia, trypsin and plasmin, has anti-haemostatic functions. | tick saliva serine protease inhibitors (serpins) facilitate tick blood meal feeding through inhibition of protease mediators of host defense pathways. we previously identified a highly conserved amblyomma americanum serpin 19 that is characterised by its reactive center loop being 100% conserved in ixodid ticks. in this study, biochemical characterisation reveals that the ubiquitously transcribed a. americanum serpin 19 is an anti-coagulant protein, inhibiting the activity of five of the eight s ... | 2015 | 25957161 |
| acetylcholinesterase 1 in populations of organophosphate-resistant north american strains of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | rhipicephalus microplus, the cattle fever tick, is a global economic problem to the cattle industry due to direct infestation of cattle and pathogens transmitted during feeding. cattle fever tick outbreaks continue to occur along the mexico-us border even though the tick has been eradicated from the usa. the organophosphate (op) coumaphos targets acetylcholinesterase (ache) and is the approved acaricide for eradicating cattle fever tick outbreaks. there is evidence for coumaphos resistance devel ... | 2015 | 25952704 |
| laboratory evaluation of efficacy and persistence of a 1% w/w fipronil pour-on formulation (topline®) against glossina palpalis gambiensis, diptera: glossinidae. | one zebu bull of 365 kg live weight was treated along the back line with 36 ml of fipronil as a pour-on formulation. long-lasting mortalities of glossina palpalis gambiensis were recorded despite exposure to sunlight and regular rinsing with 50 l of water during the following 5 months. significantly higher mortalities were still observed even 140, 170 and 190 days after treatment following their triple releases or triple feeding of caged tsetse on the treated bull. mortalities of 70, 80 and 44%, ... | 2015 | 25944739 |
| identification and molecular characterization of two acetylcholinesterases from the salmon louse, lepeophtheirus salmonis. | acetylcholinesterase (ache) is an important enzyme in cholinergic synapses. most arthropods have two genes (ace1 and ace2), but only one encodes the predominant synaptic ache, the main target for organophosphates. resistance towards organophosphates is widespread in the marine arthropod lepeophtheirus salmonis. to understand this trait, it is essential to characterize the gene(s) coding for ache(s). the full length cdna sequences encoding two aches in l. salmonis were molecularly characterized i ... | 2015 | 25938836 |
| tick microbiome: the force within. | ticks are obligate blood-feeders and serve as vectors of human and livestock pathogens worldwide. defining the tick microbiome and deciphering the interactions between the tick and its symbiotic bacteria in the context of tick development and pathogen transmission will likely reveal new insights and spawn new paradigms to control tick-borne diseases. descriptive observations on the tick microbiome that began almost a century ago serve as forerunners to the gathering momentum to define the tick m ... | 2015 | 25936226 |
| ethnoveterinary plants and practices used for ecto-parasite control in semi-arid smallholder farming areas of zimbabwe. | the inclusion of traditional plant-based ecto-parasite control methods in primary health care of livestock is increasingly becoming an important intervention for improving livestock productivity in resource-challenged smallholder farming areas. in this study, commonly used plants used for the control of cattle ticks and other pests were identified through a survey in four semi-arid districts of zimbabwe. | 2015 | 25925402 |
| sequence analysis of insecticide action and detoxification-related genes in the insect pest natural enemy pardosa pseudoannulata. | the pond wolf spider pardosa pseudoannulata, an important natural predatory enemy of rice planthoppers, is found widely distributed in paddy fields. however, data on the genes involved in insecticide action, detoxification, and response are very limited for p. pseudoannulata, which inhibits the development and appropriate use of selective insecticides to control insect pests on rice. we used transcriptome construction from adult spider cephalothoraxes to analyze and manually identify genes encon ... | 2015 | 25923714 |
| cathepsin gene family reveals transcriptome patterns related to the infective stages of the salmon louse caligus rogercresseyi. | cathepsins are proteases involved in the ability of parasites to overcome and/or modulate host defenses so as to complete their own lifecycle. however, the mechanisms underlying this ability of cathepsins are still poorly understood. one excellent model for identifying and exploring the molecular functions of cathepsins is the marine ectoparasitic copepod caligus rogercresseyi that currently affects the chilean salmon industry. using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, 56 cathepsin-like se ... | 2015 | 25923525 |
| vaccination against bm86 homologues in rabbits does not impair ixodes ricinus feeding or oviposition. | human tick-borne diseases that are transmitted by ixodes ricinus, such as lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis, are on the rise in europe. diminishing i. ricinus populations in nature can reduce tick exposure to humans, and one way to do so is by developing an anti-vector vaccine against tick antigens. currently, there is only one anti-vector vaccine available against ticks, which is a veterinary vaccine based on the tick antigen bm86 in the gut of rhipicephalus microplus. bm86 vaccine f ... | 2015 | 25919587 |
| toll signals regulate dorsal-ventral patterning and anterior-posterior placement of the embryo in the hemipteran rhodnius prolixus. | insect embryonic dorso-ventral patterning depends greatly on two pathways: the toll pathway and the bone morphogenetic protein pathway. while the relative contribution of each pathway has been investigated in holometabolous insects, their role has not been explored in insects with a hemimetabolous type of development. the hemimetabolous insect rhodnius prolixus, an important vector of chagas disease in the americas, develops from an intermediate germ band and displays complex movements during ka ... | 2014 | 25908955 |
| a national assessment of the epidemiology of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, china. | first discovered in rural areas of middle-eastern china in 2009, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging tick-borne zoonosis affecting hundreds of cases reported in china each year. using the national surveillance data from 2010 to 2013, we conducted this retrospective epidemiological study and risk assessment of sfts in china. we found that the incidence of sfts and its epidemic areas are continuing to grow, but the case fatality rate (cfr) has steadily decreased. sfts ... | 2015 | 25902910 |
| epidemiological survey of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus in cattle in east darfur state, sudan. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne disease caused by cchf virus (cchfv) of the genus nairovirus in the family bunyaviridae. cchfv causes subclinical infection in domestic livestock and an often fatal hemorrhagic illness in humans, with approximately 30% mortality rates. in the present study, a cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted in a total of 282 randomly selected cattle from five localities in east darfur state, sudan. the exposure status to cchf was determined using en ... | 2015 | 25898993 |
| an ixodes scapularis cell line with a predominantly neuron-like phenotype. | the ixodes scapularis embryo-derived cell line ise6 is the most widely utilized tick-derived cell line due to its susceptibility to a wide variety of tick- and non-tick-vectored pathogens. little is known about its tissue origin or biological background. protein expression of ise6 cells was compared with that of another i. scapularis-derived cell line, ide12, and dissected tick synganglia. results demonstrated the presence of a neuronal marker protein, type 3 β-tubulin, in all three samples, as ... | 2015 | 25894426 |
| discovery, adaptation and transcriptional activity of two tick promoters: construction of a dual luciferase reporter system for optimization of rna interference in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus cell lines. | dual luciferase reporter systems are valuable tools for functional genomic studies, but have not previously been developed for use in tick cell culture. we evaluated expression of available luciferase constructs in tick cell cultures derived from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, an important vector of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. commercial promoters were evaluated for transcriptional activity driving luciferase expression in the tick cell lines. the human phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk ... | 2015 | 25892533 |
| functional characterization of a cystatin from the tick rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides. | ticks and tick-borne diseases affect animal and human health worldwide and cause significant economic losses in the animal industry. functional molecular research is important to understand the biological characteristics of ticks at the molecular level. enzymes and enzyme inhibitory molecules play very important roles in tick physiology, and the cystatins are tight-binding inhibitors of papain-like cysteine proteases. to this end, a novel cystatin, designated rhcyst-1, was isolated from the tick ... | 2015 | 25889816 |
| identification and comparative analysis of subolesin/akirin ortholog from ornithodoros turicata ticks. | subolesin is an evolutionary conserved molecule in diverse arthropod species that play an important role in the regulation of genes involved in immune responses, blood digestion, reproduction and development. in this study, we have identified a subolesin ortholog from soft ticks ornithodoros turicata, the vector of the relapsing fever spirochete in the united states. | 2015 | 25889484 |
| rhipicephalus microplus and ixodes ovatus cystatins in tick blood digestion and evasion of host immune response. | cystatins are a group of cysteine protease inhibitors responsible for physiological proteolysis regulation and present in a wide range of organisms. studies about this class of inhibitors in parasites have contributed to clarify their roles in important physiological processes, like blood digestion and modulation of host immune response during blood feeding. thus, cystatins are a subject of research on the development of new parasite control methods. additionally, the characterization of protein ... | 2015 | 25889092 |
| transcriptomic insights on the abc transporter gene family in the salmon louse caligus rogercresseyi. | atp-binding cassette (abc) protein family encode for membrane proteins involved in the transport of various biomolecules through the cellular membrane. these proteins have been identified in all taxa and present important physiological functions, including the process of insecticide detoxification in arthropods. for that reason the ectoparasite caligus rogercresseyi represents a model species for understanding the molecular underpinnings involved in insecticide drug resistance. | 2015 | 25889038 |
| cross-resistance between fipronil and lindane in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini), is one of the most damaging parasites of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. several chemical groups have been used for its control, including cyclodienes (lindane and dieldrin). in uruguay and brazil these products were used at the beginning of the 1960s and during a few years. fipronil and lindane act on the same target site. in both countries, southern cattle tick resistance to fipronil has sometimes developed ... | 2015 | 25868846 |
| acaricidal activity of essential oils from lippia alba genotypes and its major components carvone, limonene, and citral against rhipicephalus microplus. | the goal of the present study was to evaluate the acaricidal potential of lippia alba essential oil, citral chemotypes (la-10 and la-44 genotypes) and carvone chemotypes (la-13 and la-57 genotypes), as well as purified citral and enantiomers of carvone and limonene. efficacy against rhipicephalus microplus was assessed by the larval packet and the engorged female immersion tests. citral chemotypes had greater larvicidal activity than carvone chemotypes, and this was further supported by larvicid ... | 2015 | 25837783 |
| wildlife reservoirs for vector-borne canine, feline and zoonotic infections in austria. | austria's mammalian wildlife comprises a large variety of species, acting and interacting in different ways as reservoir and intermediate and definitive hosts for different pathogens that can be transmitted to pets and/or humans. foxes and other wild canids are responsible for maintaining zoonotic agents, e.g. echinococcus multilocularis, as well as pet-relevant pathogens, e.g. hepatozoon canis. together with the canids, and less commonly felids, rodents play a major role as intermediate and par ... | 2014 | 25830102 |
| identification of 24h ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins. | ixodes scapularis is arguably the most medically important tick species in the united states. this tick transmits 5 of the 14 human tick-borne disease (tbd) agents in the usa: borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, b. miyamotoi, babesia microti, and powassan virus disease. except for the powassan virus disease, i. scapularis-vectored tbd agents require more than 24h post attachment to be transmitted. this study describes identification of 24h immunogenic i. scapularis tick saliva prote ... | 2015 | 25825233 |
| pcr and elisa vis-à-vis microscopy for detection of bovine anaplasmosis: a study on associated risk of an upcoming problem in north india. | this investigation demonstrates the status of bovine anaplasmosis caused by a. marginale in bovines from submountain and undulating zone of punjab. out of 184 suspected animals, 25 (19.51%), 47 (31.71%), and 78 (68.75%) were positive by microscopy, indirect elisa, and pcr assay, respectively. the microscopy showed 29% sensitivity and 99% specificity, while elisa showed 32% sensitivity and 79% specificity in concordance with pcr assay. five false negative samples by msp1β pcr were reconfirmed for ... | 2015 | 25811041 |
| metagenomic profile of the viral communities in rhipicephalus spp. ticks from yunnan, china. | besides mosquitoes, ticks are regarded as the primary source of vector-borne infectious diseases. indeed, a wide variety of severe infectious human diseases, including those involving viruses, are transmitted by ticks in many parts of the world. to date, there are no published reports on the use of next-generation sequencing for studying viral diversity in ticks or discovering new viruses in these arthropods from china. here, ion-torrent sequencing was used to investigate the presence of viruses ... | 2015 | 25799057 |
| association of anaplasma marginale strain superinfection with infection prevalence within tropical regions. | strain superinfection occurs when a second strain infects a host already infected with and having mounted an immune response to a primary strain. the incidence of superinfection with anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of domestic and wild ruminants, has been shown to be higher in tropical versus temperate regions. this has been attributed to the higher prevalence of infection, with consequent immunity against primary strains and thus greater selective pressure for superinfect ... | 2015 | 25793966 |
| the influence of conidial pr1 protease on pathogenicity potential of metarhizium anisopliae senso latu to ticks. | pr1 is a subtilisin-like protease produced by metarhizium spp. entomopathogenic fungi, and it is recognized as heavily involved in the initial steps of the fungal invasion of arthropod-host cuticles. in the current study, correlation was sought between mortality of tick larvae and conidial pr1 levels of one metarhizium anisopliae senso latu (s.l.) isolate (cg 148). conidia with different levels of pr1 gene expression and enzymatic activity were obtained by producing them on either artificial med ... | 2015 | 25786608 |
| identification of intestinal bacterial flora in rhipicephalus microplus ticks by conventional methods and pcr-dgge analysis. | in this study, we have analyzed the intestinal microbial flora associated with rhipicephalus microplus ticks using both culture-dependent and independent methods based on pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). the r. microplus ticks were collected from cattle and goats in jiangxi, hunan and guizhou provinces of china. three distinct strains of bacteria were isolated using culture-dependent methods: staphylococcus simulans, bacillus subtilis and bacillus flexus strain. ninete ... | 2015 | 25784070 |
| high quality draft genome sequence and description of occidentia massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family rickettsiaceae. | the family rickettsiaceae currently includes two genera: orientia that contains one species, orientia tsutsugamushi, and rickettsia that contains 28 species. occidentia massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov. strain os118(t) is the type strain of o. massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., the type species of the new genus occidentia gen. nov. within the family rickettsiaceae. this strain, whose genome is described here, was isolated in france from the soft tick ornithodoros sonrai collected in senegal. o. ma ... | 2014 | 25780502 |
| variation among bm86 sequences in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks collected from cattle across thailand. | anti-tick vaccines based on recombinant homologues bm86 and bm95 have become a more cost-effective and sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides commonly used to control the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. however, bm86 polymorphism among geographically separate ticks is reportedly associated with reduced effectiveness of these vaccines. the purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of bm86 among cattle ticks collected from northern, northeastern, central and ... | 2015 | 25777941 |
| molecular survey and sequence analysis of anaplasma spp. in cattle and ticks in a malaysian farm. | this study was conducted to determine the occurrence of anaplasma spp. in the blood samples of cattle, goats, deer and ticks in a malaysian farm. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing approach, anaplasma spp. was detected from 81(84.4%) of 96 cattle blood samples. all blood samples from 23 goats and 22 deer tested were negative. based on the analysis of the anaplasma partial 16s ribosomal rna gene, four sequence types (genotypes 1 to 4) were identified in this study. genotypes 1-3 ... | 2014 | 25776603 |
| formula to evaluate efficacy of vaccines and systemic substances against three-host ticks. | the control of ticks with vaccines is of global interest. experimental vaccines incorporate new technologies as soon as they are available. historically, the main vaccine studies have focused on the one-host cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus, and efficacy evaluations have been standardised for this tick species. on the other hand, evaluations of vaccine candidates for three-host ticks are being done somewhat arbitrarily and thus comparisons within the current literature on the efficacy of vacc ... | 2015 | 25765624 |
| tissue- and time-dependent transcription in ixodes ricinus salivary glands and midguts when blood feeding on the vertebrate host. | ixodes ricinus is a tick that transmits the pathogens of lyme and several arboviral diseases. pathogens invade the tick midgut, disseminate through the hemolymph, and are transmitted to the vertebrate host via the salivary glands; subverting these processes could be used to interrupt pathogen transfer. here, we use massive de novo sequencing to characterize the transcriptional dynamics of the salivary and midgut tissues of nymphal and adult i. ricinus at various time points after attachment on t ... | 2015 | 25765539 |
| proteomic screening of antigenic proteins from the hard tick, haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae). | proteomic tools allow large-scale, high-throughput analyses for the detection, identification, and functional investigation of proteome. for detection of antigens from haemaphysalis longicornis, 1-dimensional electrophoresis (1-de) quantitative immunoblotting technique combined with 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) immunoblotting was used for whole body proteins from unfed and partially fed female ticks. reactivity bands and 2-de immunoblotting were performed following 2-de electrophoresis t ... | 2015 | 25748713 |
| molecular and pharmacological characterization of the chelicerata pyrokinin receptor from the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | we identified the first pyrokinin receptor (rhimi-pkr) in chelicerata and analyzed structure-activity relationships of cognate ligand neuropeptides and their analogs. based on comparative and phylogenetic analyses, this receptor, which we cloned from larvae of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae), is the ortholog of the insect pyrokinin (pk)/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban)/diapause hormone (dh) neuropeptide family receptor. rhimi-pkr functional analyses ... | 2015 | 25747529 |
| angiotensin-converting enzymes modulate aphid-plant interactions. | angiotensin-converting enzymes (aces) are key components of the renin-angiotensin system in mammals. however, the function of ace homologs in insect saliva is unclear. aphids presumably deliver effector proteins via saliva into plant cells to maintain a compatible insect-plant interaction. in this study, we showed that ace modulates aphid-plant interactions by affecting feeding behavior and survival of aphids on host plants. three ace genes were identified from the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum ... | 2015 | 25744345 |
| hepatozoon and theileria species detected in ticks collected from mammals and snakes in thailand. | we report the detection of hepatozoon and theileria in 103 ticks from mammals and snakes in thailand. by using a genus-specific 18s rrna pcr, hepatozoon and theileria spp. were detected in 8% and 18%, respectively, of ticks (n=79) removed from mammals. of the ticks removed from snakes (n=24), 96% were infected with hepatozoon spp., but none were infected with theileria. phylogenetic analysis revealed that hepatozoon spp. detected from dermacentor astrosignatus and dermacentor auratus ticks from ... | 2015 | 25736475 |
| acaricidal effects of fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg) and a combination of fluazuron (1.6 mg/kg) + ivermectin (0.63 mg/kg), administered at different routes, against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus parasitizing cattle. | the present study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal efficacy of fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg), administered as a pour-on, in comparison to an injectable formulation containing fluazuron (1.6 mg/kg) + ivermectin (0.63 mg/kg), against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in naturally and experimentally infested cattle. two studies were conducted with different tick strains, one with artificial infestations (stall test, using leight animals per group) and one with natural infestations (utilizing ten animals ... | 2015 | 25728230 |
| an update on the ecological distribution of the ixodidae ticks in zimbabwe. | in total 7657 ticks were collected from 121 dip tanks in 12 districts representative of zimbabwe's five ecological regions between september 2013 and may 2014. based on morphological traits four genera and 13 species of ticks were identified. amblyomma hebraeum (60.3 %), rhipicephalus microplus (58.7 %), rhipicephalus decoloratus (47.1 %), rhipicephalus appendiculatus (56.2 %), rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (67.8 %), rhipicephalus (near) punctatus (13.2 %), hyalomma truncatum (38 %) and hyalomma ... | 2015 | 25721256 |
| identification of potential plant extracts for anti-tick activity against acaricide resistant cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | to develop an eco-friendly tick control method, seven plant extracts were prepared using 50 and 95% ethanol and evaluated for acaricidal activity against cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the adult immersion test was adopted for testing different extracts. based on 72 h screening criterion, 95% ethanolic extracts of datura metel fruits and argemone mexicana whole plant were found effective showing more than 50% mortality of treated ticks. the 95% ethanolic extracts of d. metel fr ... | 2015 | 25717008 |
| models of bovine babesiosis including juvenile cattle. | bovine babesiosis in cattle is caused by the transmission of protozoa of babesia spp. by ticks as vectors. juvenile cattle (<9 months of age) have resistance to bovine babesiosis, rarely show symptoms, and acquire immunity upon recovery. susceptibility to the disease varies between breeds of cattle. models of the dynamics of bovine babesiosis transmitted by the cattle tick that include these factors are formulated as systems of ordinary differential equations. basic reproduction numbers are calc ... | 2015 | 25715822 |
| sfts virus in ticks in an endemic area of china. | in total, 3,145 ticks of the species haemaphysalis longicornis (3,048; 96.9%), r. microplus (82; 2.6%), h. campanulata (9; 0.3%), and dermacentor sinicus (5; 0.2%) were collected from animals and vegetation at yantai in shandong province. both adult and immature ticks were obtained, and all ticks collected from vegetation were unfed. eggs were obtained from 22 blood-fed female ticks through maintenance at room temperature after collection. severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (sftsv ... | 2015 | 25711611 |
| assessment of cell mediated immune response in rabbits immunized with affinity purified 35 kda midgut antigen of rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides ticks. | cell mediated immune response to immunoaffinity chromatography purified midgut antigen of rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides ticks in rabbits was studied by using lymphocyte transformation test. this test was carried out by using 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine kit method. the blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal rabbit to different concentrations of antigen and mitogen (con a) showed that 2 μg of antigen and 2 μg of mitogen gave maximum stimulation index. the antigen specific res ... | 2013 | 25698868 |
| detection of amitraz resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from north gujarat, india. | amitraz has become one of the most extensively used chemical acaricide for control of cattle tick due to development of resistance against most of the organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroid acaricides. the resistance status of amitraz was evaluated against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from banaskantha district, gujarat, india by adult immersion test (ait). the different concentrations of amitraz utilized in the ait were 125, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 ppm. the adult female ticks ... | 2013 | 25698859 |
| breeding strategies for tick resistance in tropical cattle: a sustainable approach for tick control. | about 80 % of world cattle population is under the risk of ticks and tick borne diseases (ttbds). losses caused by bovine tick burdens in tropical countries have a tremendous economic impact on production systems. chemical control of disease has been found to be ineffective and also involving large cost. to reduce our reliance on these chemical products, it is necessary to embark on programs that include habitat management, genetic selection of hosts, and development of a strain capable of induc ... | 2013 | 25698850 |